The Dodecanese

O T E C N N T S .

A rticles publis hed in th e following E nglis h papers in their c h ronologica l r A orde . p G E Preface 5 4th D ec em e 19 18 7 The Gl obe , b r, m es 5 D ecem e 19 18 7 The Ti , th b r , The anchester u ard an 5 Dec em e 19 18 8 M G i , th b r, n 5th D e c em e 19 18 9 The Manc h ester G u ardia , b r,

The r sh ew s l oth D e ce m er , 19 18 10 I i N , b The a e e ra h 12111 D e c em e 19 18 11 D ily T l g p , b r , The anchester u ard an 12th Dec em e 19 18 11 M G i , b r, The orn n ost 12th D ecem er 19 18 12 M i g P , b , rn n st l 6th Dec em e 19 18 12 The Mo i g Po , b r , l 6th Dece m er 19 18 13 The Tim es , b , The anchester u ard an l t D ec e m er 19 18 13 M G i , b , Th ear as t 2l s t D ec em e 19 18 14 e N E , b r , s n th v s an s W a m P eme R ee es 15 Rh ode a d e Tw e l e I l d , by illi b r v m s l t De cem e 19 18 16 The Ti e , b r, 24th D ecem er 19 18 16 The Tim es , b , Th ar t 27th D ecem e r 19 18 17 e N e Eas , b , r 27th D ec em er The Nea East , b , n 6th a nu a r 19 19 18 The M or i ng Post , J y, Th anch ster ar ian 6th an ar e M e G u d , J u y, The i m es 8th anua 19 19 20 T , J ry, 9 an a r 19 19 20 The Times , th J u y, The ear ast l oth a nua r 19 19 20 N E , J y, T rnin st 14th a nu a 19 19 21 he Mo g Po , J ry, 22 The er oo ai C ou ri r 14 anua r , 19 19 Liv p l D ly e , th J y Th m e s 15th a nua r 19 19 22 e Ti , J y, Th i er i st and ercu r l 6th an a 19 19 23 e L v p oo l Da ly Po M y , J u ry ; 23 T m s l 6th an a r 19 19 he Ti e , J u y , 24 he rm in h am ost l 6th a n a , 19 19 T Bi g P , J u ry The im es 17 a n ar 19 19 25 T , th J u y , Th e C ha en e 17 anua r 19 19 25 ll g , th J y, 1 26 The rm n ham ost 18th anu a , 19 9 Bi i g P , J ry Com m on e nse 18th a n ua r 19 19 26 S , J y, h n a im es 19th a nua r 19 19 27 T e S u d y T , J y , 28 The iver ool ost 2oth anu a r , 19 19 L p P , J y r 19 19 29 T h e heffie d a e e ra h 215 t a nua , S l D ily T l g p , J y The a e e ra h 2l s t a n ua r 19 19 30 D ily T l g p , J y, r 19 19 30 The i er ool a Cou r er l t a nua , L v p D ily i , J y The ectator 255111 a nua 19 19 3 1 S p , J ry, The at on 25th a nua r 19 19 3 1 N i , J y, r 19 19 32 The u nda m es 26th a n ua , S y Ti , J y 27th anua r 19 19 32 The Gl asgow H erald , J y, 36 White B ook

P R E F A E C .

On comin g to Eu ro p e w e re c e ive d a m a n date fro m the w hole Do de c a n es e to re m in d the civiliz e d w orld e ve ryw he re o f the s e rvice s re n de re d to hu m anity b e s e s a n ds w c a e b t to H e o dotu s H o c a e s Phe re c de s y th i l , hi h g v ir h r , ip p r t , y ,

n d n the D n e a n d to s o m a n e P a xa o a s a . o o s s to a ns r g r , St J h ivi , y p t , hi ri ,

n n p hilo s op he rs a d p hys ic ia s .

Our m is s ion is to m a ke u nive rs a lly kno w n the in dis p uta ble rights of the

ode ca ne s e to f e edom a nd the a de n de s e of the s a n de s be on n to D r , r t ir i l r , l gi g a ra ce w c ha s be e n u e e e k for e a s to be re - u n e d to the hi h p r Gr y r , it

- Mot e r c o u n r a nd to e or die G e e ks . h t y, liv r

m m e d a e on a r n in s ree a n d o s a e coun o f n a n d I i t ly rivi g thi f h p it bl try E gl ,

u bm d h w n m n du m e xc n s Mr o w e s itte t e follo i g e m ora to th ir E e lle cie . Ll yd

r C d n n d he Pr s de n f n Geo e M . e m e nce au e n in o n o a t e o the te d g , l , th L , i t U i

Mr s n a e s . W o . St t , il

We n ow e s e n to the e a de som e a r c e s c once n n the ode c a n e s e p r t r r ti l r i g D , w c a e a e a e d s nce e n in the n s e s s in orde at he m a hi h h v p p r i th E gli h p r , r th y . n e n n fo rm a c le a r ide a of E gli s h p u blic o p in ion on this s u bje ct . W i te d to — p ublis h late r a fe w of the nu m e rou s le tte rs w hic h ha ve re a che d u s im p ortant a nd e n te n n e e s - ex e m e n e e s n n ot o n to u s but a s o to the ligh i g l tt r tr ly i t r ti g ly , l c a ous a n d e a n s e o e w ho a re c a e d u on to s ow nte e s in hiv lr lib r l E gli h p p l , ll p h i r t the Do de c ane s e a n d to a s ec a a te n on to a ue s on w c is of ta , p y p i l t ti q ti hi h vi l m o ta nce to t e m a s o for R o de s a n d A s t ale a in the Do de c an e s e m i p r h l , h yp ight be co m e imp ortan t n ava l ba s e s in the Me dite rran e an betw e e n the Ea s t a nd the We s n u n h . A s e a nc e a t the m a is s c e to s ow t e m o a nce t i gl gl . p ffi i t h i p rt of th Do d a n s in nn z h e e c e e c o ectio n w ith Sue a nd t e Da rda ne lle s .

The Exe cu tive Comm itte e

of the

n an s o f the D de an s I habit t o c e e .

SK VO Dr . E S Z ERVOS .

PA RIS Roussos .

THE GLOBE .

u tti n r om i ss u e d a ted D ecem ber 4 1 9 18 . C g f ,

DODE CANESE FOR GREE CE .

’ e e s e c ea s a o es so Z e os o f e s e s R ut r Ag n y l rn th t Pr f r rv , Ath n Univ r ity, e th E ec e Co f the a a s a nd . o s sos e es e ee o M R u , r pr nting x utiv mmitt inh bit nt o f the e e s a d s the [E ean o as the D od eca nes e a e tw lv i l n in g kn wn , h v a rrived in Lond on in ord er to conve y to the Briti sh G overnment the wish f w s o f the D od eca nes e to be united to Greece . An appe a l to thi s e fect a ’ h s o e an t . C e e cea d n t e a er conv eye d to Mr . Ll yd G orge d o M l m n u uri g l tt

s a o d o an d was a so e e a ed to es de so . t y in L n n, l t l gr ph Pr i nt Wil n

THE TIMES .

u tti n r om i ss u e d a ted D tn ber 5 1 1 ece 9 8 . C g f ,

’ . o d eo e the c a a ct e o f d Mr Ll y G rg , in h r r pioneer o f freed om an ’ o ec o o f s a a o s has ee a oa c d e ese a es o f pr t t r m ll n ti n , b n ppr he by r pr nt tiv the n a a s o f the D od eca n es e a e e s f or hi a s s s a ce to i h bit nt , with r qu t s i t n ward s effecting the re union o f the Twelve I s l a nd s with the Mother

Co eece. untry, Gr A A MANCHESTER GU RDI N .

m u tti n r om i ss ue d a ted D ece ber 5 1918 . C g f ,

D ODE CANESE A ND GREECE .

PPEAL F ROM HE LAND F E NION A T I S S OR R U .

The Executive Committee o f the inh abita nts o f the D od eca nes e h a ve a d d es sed th o o e a es o to . o d eo e a s e r f ll wing m ni f t Mr Ll y G rg , Prim Minister

o ce e c —The der s ed e e s o f the ec e Com Y ur Ex ll n y, un ign m mb r Ex utiv mittee o f the a a s o f the D od eca nes e e ese bo our c om inh bit nt , r pr nting th a o s d e the e e s a n d s a nd ose who e a oad as e p tri t , w lling in tw lv i l th liv br , w ll as the e ees o the D od eca nes e ei e a e s a s oc a ons an d r fug fr m , th r l gu , s i ti , o an sa o s a e the ono on our a a s e al co to rg i ti n , h v h ur, rriv l in thi lib r untry, bri ng to your knowle dge th a t we h ave be en a ske d by a ll our fe ll ow co e the os s m e e oc a an d c a e or ca w a t o untrym n, in m t i pl , un quiv l , t g i l y, s to o u the onee o f eed o an d the o ec o o f s a a o s ubmit y , pi r fr m pr t t r m ll n ti n , their one a nd un swerving de sire f or the reunion o f the Dodeca nese with

eece e o e co . Gr , th ir m th r untry

The Dodec a e se o ce e c e e e odo s the a e o f n , y ur Ex ll n y, wh r H r tu , f th r s or a nd ocr a e s the a e o f e d c e a e see the d a t he hi t y, Hipp t , f th r m i in , h v n y D od eca nes e c a e ea ed an d s ed a oe s s c an s a nd , whi h h v r r in pir m ny p t , phy i i , os o e s e e e es ou d to e ce de a o o f e phil ph r , f rv ntly r qu t y kin ly int r in f v ur th ir e on eece a nd to ea d a t the eac e co e e ce f or e d e r uni with Gr , pl P nf r n th ir li

verance . W e d es e e eed o a s c a s an ot e not o rv fr m mu h y h r country, nly ecause o f our mo al a s s o and a di o s a nd the s a s er b im rt p t hi t ry tr ti n , ign l ces e d e e d to sc e c e a n d a a so eca se we a e re vi r n r i n hum nity, but l b u h v peated ly an d pers istently a s ke d o f the Entente an d o f Ame rica during

' the critica l momen ts o f thi s war the privilig e t o ﬁght by your sid e and to d ie f or the s ak e f e o fre d om .

We s i to o ce e c the dee es es e c o f the Dod eca nes e ubm t y ur Ex ll n y p t r p t , ’ c e ec o ou ei ee d om and we e a o ce e c s whi h xp t fr m y th r fr , r m in , y ur Ex ll n y o ed e s er a s b i nt v nt , Z V D SKEVOS ER O . R. S I o s sos PAR S R u .

The foregoing sta tement o f the cl a ims and a spirati ons of the D od e

' C e en cea a nd to e s d e ca nes e ha s a l so been s ubmitte d to M . l m u Pr i nt so Wil n . r n h f re n Com m ent by the Manchester G u a dian upo t e o goi g appeal .

L ea din a rti cle i n tbe is s ue d a ted D ecember ( g 5,

T AND TH D I ALY E DO E CANESE .

The a a s o f the D od eca nes e the e e s a d s o f the FE ean inh bit nt , tw lv i l n g c the a a s oc c e d d n the Tr o W a r a e se n a e o whi h It li n upi uri g ip li , h v t p titi n C e en a a f or to es d e s o . o d eo e a n d . ce Pr i nt Wil n, Mr Ll y G rg , M l m u , pr ying their union with the Greek mother l a nd . Under the Trea ty which en de d the Tripoli W a r the D od eca nes e were to be ev acua ted by the Ita li an s im me dia te ly a fte r the evacu ation o f Tripoli and Cyrena ica by the Turk s . The T r s co d be a e ed e e did e a c a e C e a ca an d T o u k , it ul ll g , n v r v u t yr n i rip li , a nd w ar in s ome f a shion pe rs is te d there right up to the outbreak o f the w be e em e ed a the s u e d o f th T pre se nt a r. It will r m b r th t rr n e r e urki sh r in o w a ’ f h m T k fo ces th ose pr vinces a s rr ange d or in t e ar i stice with ur e y . The es o o f the D od eca nes e o f co s e com e f or d e e n a qu ti n will , ur , up t rmi ti on a t the Pe a ce Confe rence . Equ a lly ce rta in is it th a t i f the Allie s a re e to e o es s o s e e c an o be one d ec s o o o f tru th ir pr f i n th r nly i i n , th ugh , co r se o d a e to be a e the ood o f a a nd a s a u , it w ul h v t k n with g will It ly p rt f h a o r a e e a s e e e . The e o e o t e s d s a re ee in a ce g n r l ttl m nt p pl i l n Gr k r , S T e t e a d be e n e d eec a nd se e . e o t o eec n p h , ntim nt h y l ng o r turn Gr r u it e ow n T e e ca n be no d o we s o d o e a e with th ir . h r ubt, h ul h p , th t th y will get the ir des ire . IRI S H NEWS .

u tti n rom i ssu e d a t ed D ecember 10 19 18 . C g f , ' TH E D D C O E ANESE. — Some mo nths ag o a d is tinguished Greek gentlema n a na tive o f the — I s l a nd o f Rh odes now res id ent in E n gl a nd sent to the le a ding papers o f the Three Kingd om s an interes ting an d a ble ple a f or the res tor a tion o f his n a tive i s l an d a nd the el even a dj a cen t sm a ll er i s l and s to the s ove e o f eec T ese e a ea s are ca ed the D od eca nes e s a ds r ignty Gr e. h littl r ll I l n ; the y were d i shonestly a nd forcibly occupied by Ita ly duri ng the w ar with ’ Turkey in Tripo li se vera l year s a g o . The Greek gentl em a n s pl ea w a s o ed he o e to the Iris /b News s oo a e ard s n e es s o to ign r ; wr t n ft rw , givi g xpr i n ’ his a d e f or s o n a s comm e s on his e e a nd co a gr titu thi j ur l nt l tt r, mpl ining

” bitter ly o f the hypocri s y th a t eve n the n ch a ra cteri sed the Eur opea n ’ a postle s o f free d om f or s ma ll n atio n s and N a ti on a l Se l f - d etermina ’ a f the o . a e a n en a a e co a n a a s o o ti n Still l t r, Ath i n p p r nt i ing full tr n l ti n ’ T e [ i e Th D od eca nes ia ns a re a c e a a . r s k N ws a rticl e reache d u S . e tiv g in h y

a n o d a nd . e se a e o to e d e s o . eo e h v t p titi n Pr s i nt Wil n, Mr Ll y G rg , M C eme cea a f or e o the ee o e a d an d o l n u, pr ying r uni n with Gr k M th rl n , p int out a n d e the ea c e d ed the Tr o Wa r the Dod e ing th t, u r tr ty whi h n ip li , ’ ca ne se were to b e e va cu ated by the Ita li a ns im me dia tely a fte r the eva cu a be o o f T o a n d C en a ca the T s . The T r s c o d ti n rip li yr i by urk u k , it ul a e ed e e d id e a c a e C e a ca and T o and w ar so e ll g , n v r v u t yr n i rip li, in m

fa shi on pe rs i sted the re right up to the o utbrea k o f the pre sent w ar . It will be re m embered th a t the s urre nd er o f the Tu rkis h forces in th os e o c r w ﬁ nd pr vin es wa s a rra nge d f or in the a m i stice with Tur ke y . Now e the M a ncb es ter Gua rdia n w riting a s foll ow s The es o o f the D od ecan es e o f co se co e f or d e qu ti n will , ur , m up a a ce a is a the te rmin tion a t the P ea ce Con ference . Equ lly rt in it th t i f es a re e to e o es s o s e ca n b e o one dec s o Alli tru th ir pr f i n th re nly i i n , ou o f cou se o d ha e t o be a e the o od o f th gh , r , it w ul v t k n with g will a a n The eo e o f the s a d s It ly d a s pa rt o f a gener a l settl eme nt . p pl i l n a re r S T e on to e n to C ee k a ce e ec a n d s en e . in r , p h , tim nt h y l g r tur

e ce n d be e n t w T r a n b e no do we e a e d e o n . e e c Gr r u it with h ir h ubt,

s o d o e a e e t e d es e . h ul h p , th t th y will g th ir ir But be it n ote d th a t the re a re a minority o f D od eca nes ia ns who h a ve b een s educed from their a ll egi a nce t o the ir own c ountry by the wil es an d ﬂe sh

pots o f Ita li a n ofﬁcia ld o-m ; a n d th ose n a tives o f the i s l a n d s a re pl a ying ’ t m ar in he part o f Ul s ter . We dwe lt se ve ra l m onth s a g o on the Si il ity ’ principle betwee n Irel a nd s position and the ca se o f th ese [Eg ea n I s l and s . ‘ Our M a ncheste r contempora ry takes it f or gr a nte d th a t the questi on o f the D od eca nes e will come up f or d etermina ti on at the Pe ace Co n fere nce ' ‘ but tbe is la nd ers will n ot entrus t t/z e a d v oca cy of t/z eir ca us e to 757 0

’ ‘ Germ n5 — e e o e e m a be ea d a nd e ma sec e e m th r f r th y y h r , th y y ur th ir ” s and w right ; e h ope the y will .

10 D AILY TELEGRAPH .

Cu tti n r om i ss u e d a ted D ecem ber 12 1 9 1 g f , 8 .

S Dr. kev Z os ervos an d . a s ou ss os who a e a r e M P ri R , h v r iv d in Lond on a s re pre se nta tives o f the Executive Committee o f the in h a bita nts o f the Dod eca nes e a e ese ed a emo a d m , h v pr nt m r n u to Mr . Ll oyd George se tting forth the d es ire o f the popul a ti on o f the twe lve is l a nd s f or the ir re union eece e o e co n a nd a s him to ea d n e e a with Gr , th ir m th r u try, king pl o th ir b h l f ” at the o com ace Co e en f rth ing Pe n f r ce .

C MAN HESTER GUARDIAN .

u tti n r om i ss u e d a ted D ecem ber 12 1 9 18 C g f , .

T A ND TH E D D I ALY O ECANESE .

T odo e D - . e . osco a s es om 32 o d s ee a c es Mr h r M n writ fr , Oxf r tr t, M n h ter —The Dod eca nes e c a o o e a t l im n thing mo re t han justice. Our pe pl o e a e a ea d ce o ce d e d es e f or o eece the h m h v lr y twi v i th ir ir uni n with Gr , m o e co r s at the P a n - D od eca nes ia n Co es s e d a t a o s th r unt y, ﬁr t ngr h l P tm a f ew o s a e the a an oc c a o an d seco d e a a m nth ft r It li up ti n , n ly by th ir ppe l

to the Co e ence o f o d o 1913 . s o is e ee n f r L n n in Our hi t ry pur ly Gr k, right o the o o ca a e s e ome s a n the e cs o f the s e fr m myth l gi l g , wh n H r g pi up rb od a s a nd o e D od eca nes ia ns who oo ar in the T o a W a r Rh i n th r t k p t r j n , up to the ee W a r o f d e e de ce d r c our s a o s o the Gr k In p n n , u ing whi h il r f ught ‘ T an d an for the e s ect on o f ee ce de Mia u lis an'd urk Egypti r urr i Gr , un r D the a o f d den a n d a e w en Ca o distri a s Ca ar s . W r e e ce n i uring In p n ft r, h p was a o te d o e nor o f eece a n os e os a n d o e pp in G v r Gr , K lym , L r , Symi , th r s an ds o f the o a des o e e the s a d o f a os o m ed art i l Sp r , t g th r with i l n S m , f r p o f the newly - liber a te d te rritory un til the Con fere nce o f Lon d o n o f 1832 Th a a o t o f the Dod ec an e s a ns h an de d them b ack to the Turk . ev s t m j ri y i ar e ee the e a n de e n a f ew o s a d ew s a n d os e s who Gr k, r m i r b i g th u n J M l m , Th Cen a Co ee e s t e live mo stly in Rho des and Cos . e tr l mmitt in Ath n t D o eca nes ia n e a e s o in eec e an d a oa d e e a present he d L gu b th Gr br , wh r ea a o f our co n m en now e s de e s ec a in a n d t s gr t m ny u try r i , p i lly E g ypt, I ru t

a co o the r c le of the s e - de e a o o f sm a th t, in n f rmity with p in ip l f t rmin ti n ll a o a es e cr f or un o the o e co n not be n ti n liti , th ir y i n with m th r u try will in ” vain .

I I O MORNING P ST .

u tti n r om i s s u e d a t ed D ec em ber 12 1 9 18 . C g f ,

A p riz e is offered by the Leag ue o f the D od eca nes ia ns f or a hi sto ry ’ ’ d eca ne o o ar o f the D o s e fr m H mer s time onw d s. M a nuscripts an d writer s ’ a e s o d be se to the es d en 47 R ue de l Univers ité e s n m h ul nt Pr i t , , , Ath n , by h a f 1919 Th n e e d c f t e a s d o . e ec e a o es o o a e s l t y wi n r will r iv Rh r wn l ur l , a e o f ﬁ ve o s an d d ac a s a nd s ix o s a d ore e c an e f or priz th u r hm , th u n m in x h g Z tw d e ol e h . ke vo e o hun r d v um s o f t e w ork a fter publica ti on Dr . S s rvos ” a f and P a ri s Rous sos m y be a pplie d to a t the S a v o y H otel or de ta il s .

MORNING PO ST .

i m ber 1 8 u tti n rom ss u e d a ted D ece 6 19 1 . C g f ,

OPENING OF A COMPETITI ON F OR THE WRITI NG OF

A HISTORY OF TH E DODECANESE .

The ea e o f the D od eca nes ia ns des i to a e an e act and L gu , ring h v x compl ete hi story of the D od eca nes e from the time o f H omer to our own d a s r e e es s os e ca a e t o c o ec care a ll the d oc y , u g ntly r qu t th p bl ll t fully u n f e ments conce rni g the man ifol d activities o th ese peopl . — The envel o pes cont a ining the m a nuscripts with the n a me o f the e the s a w a —s o d be s e to the es de o f the e a e writ r in u u l y h ul nt Pr i nt L gu ,

‘ ’ 47 R ue de l Université e s a t the a es on Dece e 3l st 19191 , , Ath n , l t t mb r ,

S ec a Co ee co o se d o f eo e o f n er a ona a o A p i l mmitt mp p pl i t n ti l uth rity, e e d e c ose d ue e d an d c a the s o . Its h n in tim , will ju g , publi ly r w r , b t w rk a o ece e a ode s C o o f a e s deco a ed a o a uth r will r iv Rh r wn L ur l , r t with n ti n l ‘ col ours ; a spe ci a l dipl om a ; an d a prize in specie a m ounting t o h be e d ac a s e c a e f or d ac as . o eo e e r hm M r v r, will giv n r hm in x h ng

200 volumes o f his work a fter its publication .

F or further de ta il s pl ea se a pply to

DR SK EVOS ZERvos o PARI S Rous s s .

e o e ti a es o f the ea e a o o e o d o . Pl nip t n ri L gu , S v y H t l , L n n, W

0 1 - v THE TIMES .

u r om i ss u e d a ted D ec em ber 16 1 18 C t ti ng f 9 .

THE DODE CANESE .

The Le a gue o f the D od eca nesi a ns offer prizes f or an exac t a nd’ com f D od eca nes e om the e o f o e o p lete hi story o the fr tim H m r to our wn d a ys. A spec i a l committee compo se d'o f people o f intern a tiona l a uthority will h Its a o d e a nd c e a d t e e s o . ece e a ju g , publi ly r w r , b t w rk uth r will r iv od es Cr o o f a re s d eco a ed a o a co ou s a s ec a Rh wn L u l , r t with n ti n l l r , p i l d om a a nd a ri e s eci e am o n to drac a s at ipl , p z in p unti g hm f e a e oreo e he be e d ac as a a e o c . n orm l r t x h ng ) M v r, will giv n r hm f 200 o es o f is o a its in exch ange or v lum h w rk fter publica tion . The e nvel opes conta ini ng the manuscripts are to be se nt to the pres id ent ’ o f the ea e 47 Rue de l Univers ité e s at the a es on Dece er l gu , , , Ath n , l t t mb m r Ske vos Z e os an d 1 de a s a be o a ed o D . 31 19 9. r er , Fu th t il y bt in fr m rv a i s o s sos e o e a es o f the ea e a o Hotel o do P r R u , Pl nip t nti ri L gu , S v y , L n n , ”

C. W .

MAN C HESTER GUARDIAN .

u tti n r om i ss u e d a ted D ecem ber 2 1 1 9 18 . C g f ,

C MIS ELLANY .

Amo ngs t the a ppea l s f or rec ogn itio n o f na tio n a l a s pira ti on s we h a ve a e ha d one o the D od eca nes e an d an eo e a e o de ed l t ly fr m , m y p pl h v w n r who an d wh a t the y are It ha s e vidently been a ss ume d by th ose who a e d the a ea a o ed w a m a The D od eca nes e fr m pp l th t thi s kn wl ge s e le ent l . a re e e s an d s the [E e an Sea off the so - e a s e c oa s o f s a tw lv i l in g , uth t rn t A i l D od e no . os a se Or ina l the Mi r M t tl a s ca lle d them the Spo ra des . g y ca nes e c on s s ed o f the o o is land s z— a a a os e os i t f ll wing Nik ri , P tm , L r , a os K os Stam alia A st a le a Ni s ros T os C a K lymn , , p ( yp ), y , il , Symi, h lki, i ar a os and K a s os . o de s an d Ca s tellor z o e a e o to the K p th , But Rh r lly b l ng th en Ca ste ll riz a e . d c s o Greece now occ es ar a a n e o o . m gr up upi Nik i , Fr h ' The a an s oc c a ll the o e s a d s a nd a e ee d o n s o s nce It li upy th r i l n , h v b n i g i

e w ar w T r e in 1911- 12 The o a on o f the Do decane se is th ir ith u k y . p pul ti overwhelmingly Greek o f a tot a l po pul a ti on o f The s a d s a ed an o an a in the ee War o f n de e d e ce i l n pl y imp rt t p rt Gr k I p n n , n a e a ll th s a d s render i g v a luable a id to the motherl an d . Ultim t ly e i l n o ce o e e e ed t o T e at the s a e e os the se - o e e n m r r v rt urk y, m tim l ing l f g v rnm nt ” gra nte d them by the e arly Turkish conquerors

I 3 NEAR EAST .

u tti n r om i ssu e d a ted D ecem ber 2 1 1 9 18 . C g f ,

T IRREDENTA DODECANESUS FILIA GRE CIA ES . ' T e To the Editor o f ire N a r Ea s t .

SIR — ec a ede s s c a m not o T a ce an d s a o , Gr i n Irr nti t l i nly hr A i Min r, a so the D od eca nes e ere e od o s a nd oc a es e e o but l (wh H r tu Hipp r t w r b rn), s o r e o an d'c e bea nes s to e to a ea a t wh ose hi t ry, ligi n, ultur r wit th ir right pp l the c om eace Con ess f or ei o - de a e d on eec e the ing P gr th r l ng l y uni with Gr , C M other ountry . ' Tidings o f goo d news are a lrea d y s pre a d throughout a ll the Gree k commun itie s a broa d th at ou r n a ti on a l rights will n o l on ger be con s id ere d ’ m D eam a n o a The n edee e d ee s a s a Mid su me r Night s r d Ut pi . U r m Gr k h ope th a t the ir move ment will me et with a s much s upport a s the Simil a r f a ri sing o f n a tiona l spirit o the Arm eni n s an d Syri an s has received . Irre de s ee s a re e d a o s io al o er e a e a d es a s e d nti t m ting h l , Pr vi n G v nm nt lr y t bli h , a n d every Greek expe cts the r ea lis a tion o f the Gra n d I d ea f or which the H elle nic n a tion twice a ros e a ga in s t the O sm anli be fore the Eight ’ f Ye ar s war o Ind epend ence took pl a ce in 1821. The D od eca nes ia ns e to e o e a d a n d a a ar o f the , tru th ir m th rl n , vit l p t ee a em a s se the s ce o f e c a e e the Gr k f mily, will ph i ju ti th ir l im by pr s nting foll owing ofﬁci a l s ta tis tics to the P eace Conferen ce

ds . r ek Tu k . V i s n s a ous . I la G e s . r r P a tm os L eros K alymnos

K os

Nis s yros As tipalea Sym i Delos H a lki R h odes K arpathos

K a s s os

150

ac e e Dod eca nesia n co d e e a In f t, v ry ul r p t a new version o f M a ry ’ T d or s a s o d s ' e ear ou ﬁ n u l t w r Op n my h t, y will d Greece writte n upon t ’— i . I m e c. a , t , T D R O HONA HEO O E D . M SC S

32 o d ee a nc e s er Decem e 16. , Oxf r Str t, M h t , b r

a an s are ee s and a e c de s o e o f the e s e m es inh bit t Gr k , th t th y in lu m pur t xa pl o f the old Greek H ellen ic type . Ethnica lly the i s l and s h a ve bee n Greek f or e ar s an d a s e d o in S o f e a c se d ee so y , , living th y ight nfr n hi Gr k il , the n a a s — o s o f om ar e e e e duca e d a the o er i h bit nt m t , wh b tt r t th n S uth n — I Ita li an s m a y be excused i f they fee l a ll the s ickness o f hOpe d e ferre d .

a e a e ea ese c es e oc s are or es s t o a . d ed M t ri lly, I r p t, th pi tur qu r k w thl It ly J u g ei a ea and eso ce s e eco o c a e be co ce e d to be by th r r r ur , th ir n mi v lu might n iv

- A s o e a o one s o f the a e o f C s to a n . e th b ut ixth v lu ypru Brit i , h w ver, eco om c a e o f C s to a is nil the a e a o to a o f n i v lu ypru Brit in , m t ri l w rth It ly odes a nd the e e s ec her e o s o d a e ar t o de Rh tw lv p ks, n ighb ur , w ul pp fy the o f e e ca c a o . One is re d ced to o e a a ea o e l ul ti n u h p th t Gr t P w r, Ally Fr

a o s be t oo o d a nd to o s ess - e to e s s the um N ti n , will pr u bu in lik p r i t in ” pro ﬁtabl e injustice o f h old ing them much l onge r in s ubj ection .

THE TIMES .

u ttin r om i ss u e d a ted D ecem ber 2 1 19 18 . C g f ,

Representa tives o f the D od eca nes ia ns res ident in Egypt met in Alexand ria on December 1 a nd pa s sed a r esolution a skin g the Allies to put a n en d to the prese nt tra n s itory sta te o f the i s l and s by un iting them ” with Gre ece .

THE TIMES .

u tti n rom i ssu e d a ted D ecem ber 24 1 9 18 . C g f .

NEW BOUNDARIES . H T E SMALLER STATE S IN THE NEAR EAST .

o To the Edit r o f Tbe Tim es .

The s a d s a re a ll ee o e e is a T s o am on the i l n Gr k, th ugh th r urki h min rity g n a f The a a c ai to e e an s o C e e o f o de s a nd o f C0 5 . i h bit t r t , Rh , It li n l m tw lv o f the is l an d s c annot poss ibly be mainta ine d a l ong with the Ita li an c l a im to the T e no a nd T es e f or the a a c an o a t the s a e e se t r nti ri t , It li ns n t m tim up the principle o f n a tiona lity f or the mse lve s a nd d eny it for the Gree ks .

o o ed en se a Y ur b i t rv nt,

L SPENSER WI K IN SON .

16 THE NEAR EAST .

u tti n r om i s s u e d a ted D e cem ber 2 7 19 1 9 . C g f ,

C HITHER ASIA AND TH E PEACE ONFERENCE .

The attitu de o f certa in Po wers at the P a ris Conference towa rd s the settl ement o f tha t part o f the Ottom a n Empire lyi ng be tween the n ean Sea an d the P er s ia n Gul f is likely to prove the acid test o f the s incerity ’ with which the y s ubsc ribe to wh a t are ge ne ra lly a ccepte d a s the Allies w ar ai ms . B e fore the war the question o f the re vers ion o f the Turkish an inheri t ce w as continua lly be fore the Europe a n Cha nce lleries . The a es c a m a f or a o a e cons d e a on w a s a ose w a r l t t l i nt f v ur bl i r ti It ly, wh with Turke y repres ente d a deﬁnite s tep in a policy th at a ime d a t Me diterranean ’ e in o e o d s the e a s o f a s os o i n the e d quilibrium, th r w r , qu li ing It ly p iti n M i e a e an T e e t rr n with the po s ition o f Gre a t Brita in an d o f France . hose w r t he unre eneraIte d a f The war e ee a an d T e g ys o Europe . b tw n It ly urk y e ded h the a e os ses s on o f the is an d s - o f D od eca nes us n wit l tt r in p i l , with the right to reta in them a s security f or the fulﬁlment by the Turks o f their t T ea s a on s . e o e ese s a d ha d ee e e d o e tr ty tipul ti B f r th i l n s b n r turn urk y, the Ita li a ns secu red fro m the P orte a c onces s ion which ga ve them a foo t o on t e w a s d a s co cess o h l d h mainl and o f As ia Min or . It foun th t thi n i n a a a o da a to o r d o e a E a dir—c a s e d t the s r ilw y fr m A li B u ur, n r g l h wi h right o f the Smyrn a - Aidi n Ra ilwa yf The British compa ny w a s unders too d to be to a e ar o f its c a s the e o a o s et ee a willing w iv p t l im , but n g ti ti n b w n It ly t As and Turkey were still in s us pen se when the Europe an war broke ou . ’ a re s ult o f her dec i si on to ra nge he rse l f on the s id e o f the Allies Ita ly s o er se as am o m e cco d v biti n s h a ve expe rience d a m arked d evel op nt . A r ing to the a an e s o o f the T e a o f 1915 the e e o e s It li v r i n r ty April , , Ent nt P w r a greed th a t Ita ly s houl d obta in full pos s es si on o f a ll the i sl an ds o f the D od eca nes e a ctua lly oc cupied by her ; the s a me P owers a l s o rec ogni se d th a t Ita ly was interes ted in ma intai n ing the po litica l equilibrium o f forces the ed e a ean an d ac o e d ed her the e e of ea in M it rr n , kn wl g right, in v nt Gr t i a r ance an d ss a occu i ar s o f T e to occ the Br t in, F , Ru i py ng p t urk y, upy so - es e o o f i a a e d a e wa s as se e d uth w t rn p rti n o As a Minor . At l t r t it rt by the ea nd e a r e e ha d Ita lia n Pres s th a t the Allied Con fe rence at St . J n M u i nn a eed a th a n o co se n a gr th t e It lian sphere in As ia Mi or sh uld mpri Smyr , o a an ha s a s sed de the d es o f the d d an a . c a er K ni , A Mu h w t p un r bri g T a i d a fa r o e iber s ince 1915. The Wes tern de mocr c es foun th t l fti r motives th an the mer e lust o f territo ri a l a ggra ndi se ment were required to s o f th old s s em s u sta in a war o f so exact ing a ch a rac ter . The e vil e y t e e ea se d a nd w a s se e a the o o e f or the e e a ce o f w r r li , it n th t nly h p futur p s To s the worl d lay in the renunci ation o f pure ly Impe ri a lis t ai m . thi ” d octrine the Allies h ave form a lly given their a dherence .

I 7 THE N EAR EA ST

u tti n r om i s s u e d a ted D ecem ber 2 7 1 9 18 . C g f ,

Re pre senta tive s o f the D od eca nes ia ns res ident in Egypt met in e an d a on Decem er 1 a n d a s se d a r es o o a s the es to Al x ri b , p luti n king Alli put a n en d to the pres ent tran s itory s ta te o f the i s l a nd s by unitin g them ” with Greece .

M ORNING POST

u tti n r om i s su e d a ted a nu a r 6 1 9 1 9 . C g f J y ,

’ SIGNOR BISSOLA TI S RESIGNATION .

INTERVIEW WI TH RETIRING MINISTER .

(Fr om Our Own Corresponden t . )

9 OME 2 . Dec . R ,

the an ess c has a a s di s s ed him o Bis With fr kn whi h lw y tingui h , Sign r so a i ose es a o has ca se d s c a n e s s o a e a an d l t , wh r ign ti n u u h impr i n lik in It ly a ro a d ha s a h or sed m e to s a e ai in the M ornin P os t the ea b , ut i t t pl nly g r l f rea s on s o tha t s tep.

‘ ’ a e a e d o Bis solat i o d me to o e a o o o I h v f il , Sign r t l , m v B r n S nnin a wa y from three c l a uses o f the Secret Trea ty o f Lond on the annexa ‘ o o f a a e o on o f Da a a o L is s arik a a n d Trebui e to Ca e ti n l rg p rti lm ti , fr m j p P lank a (Artic l e (2) the perm an ent retenti on o f a ll the thirteen is l a nd s o f the s o - ca e d D od eca n es e e a os e c s e ree o u la ll , with th ir lm t x lu iv ly G k p p tion (Articl e a n d (3) the inclusi on wi thin It a li a n te rritory o f the Germ a n popul a tion o f the N orther n Tyrol a s f ar a s the Br enner (Article B a ron S onnino ins i st s on the a b solute intangibility o f the Secret T e a o f o d o on the o e an d a d oes ot c de e r ty L n n ; but, th r h , th t n in lu Fium , w h e 2 h o f C oa a c t e e a c e v. o a s s s to t e e o hi h tr ty (Arti l , N t ) ign t rrit ry r ti , ' a a a ci fo r a , rbi a a nd Monte ne gro where as I c l a im th t It li n ty It ly but Se , , — ’ s . would give Da lm a ti a to the J ugo Sl a v

THE DODECANESE .

d s i n the o ern Ai ean , With re ga rd t o the thirteen Gree k i s l a n S uth g s c e a s T r e ha d e ec ed the which It- a ly h el d a s a pl edge until u h tim u k y x ut e o f 1912 no Bis s ola ti cons de ed cond itio ns o f the Trea ty o f L a us a nn , Sig r i r ll o d a nd to a e eece th a t it wa s ba d po licy to m ake e nemie s a r un , irrit t Gr o - a a a a s a at a e an d drive her into a n a lli a nce with Jugo Sl vi g in t It ly, m m nt a ee e her ea when Ita ly wa s perh aps not a ltogethe r in perfect gr m nt with gr t s a id e e The th ee ou e o a des, he , ne ighbour on the West . irt n S th rn Sp r w r e o a nd his V e it o d be e e to e , b arren rocks , a in i w w ul b tt r giv th m up bt ining se s c as the coa es o f in c ompen sa tion s omet hing rea lly u ful , u h l min ”

Herakle ia .

MAN C HESTER GUARDI AN .

u tti n r om i ssu e d a ted a n ua r 6 1 9 1 9 C g f J y , .

TH E RIGH TS OF TH E DODE CA NESE .

We h a ve rece ive d the fo ll owing te legra m from the Executive Com m i ttee o f the Dodec anese

o the e a e e s ou a e a a a e our a o we Kn wing gr t int r t y h v lw ys t k n in n ti n, s h oul d like to s ugges t th a t whene ver yo u s o no bly ra i se your voice in f a vour o f ens l a ved n at ion a lities and r ace s it woul d only be just not to — overlo ok the H elle nic n a tion a grea t portion o f who m ha s been ens l a ve d f or o e 500 ea s a nd' ose se ces to a are s o e an d s o v r y r , wh rvi hum nity w ll The D o eca es e am o the m os e e e c o f the de o . d wi ly kn wn n , ng t pur ly H ll ni c d e o f eec e e do ed a s o o f ore han ear s who hil r n Gr , n w with hi t ry m t y , the D e a e d s a e od ced e o d o s oc a es . o pr u H r tu , Hipp r t , St 'hn ivin , h v in i put bl rights in dema nding their ﬁn a l na tion a l redemption and union with their ”

m o e eece . th r , Gr

I 9 THE TIMES .

u tti n r om i s u e d a t ed a nu a r 8 1 9 1 9 . C g f s J y ,

NEW BALKAN FRONTIERS .

I E AN ETHNOGRAPH CAL P ACE .

To th e E ditor o f Tb e Tim es .

The e c c a s o f a a T a s a a o f os a a on the thni l im Rum ni in r n ylv ni , Yug l vi d a c s o d a ll be sa s e d a s e as ose o f eece A ri ti , h ul ti ﬁ , w ll th Gr in As ia Minor an d the i s l and s

BOURCHIER . J . D.

THE TIMES .

u tti n r om i ss u e d a ted a nu a r 9 1919 . C g f J y ,

Our Athen s Corres ponde nt s a ys th at the is l a nd s o f the D od eca nes e ar e s uffering much from a gr ea t s ca rcity o f foo d s tuffs . Whea t has be en ” t f l acking in he i sl a nd s or m onth s .

THE N EAR EAST .

m u d a t u u tt i n r o i s s e ed a n a r 10 1 9 1 9 . C g f J y ,

The Athens co rre spondent o f The Tim es sa y s th a t the is l a nds o f the D od eca n es e are s uffering muc h from a gre a t scar city o f foo d stuff s h f ” Wheat has b een l ac king in t e i s l an d s or month s .

20 MORNING POST .

u t t i n r om i s s u e d a te d a n u a r 14 19 1 9 . C g f J y ,

’ BISSOLA TI S FAITH .

ITALY A ND TH E J UGO - SLAVS

HER ILLUMINATING MISSION . 1 OME a n . 2 R , ' ’ no Bis so lati s er o a s eec a t the ca a ea t e an Sig r v y imp rt nt p h S l Th r , Mil , l a st night conﬁrm ed a nd a mpliﬁe d the intervie w given by him to the

M orni n P os t a n d e a ned the o o d e a s o s c le d to his g , fully xpl i p r f un r n whi h the a o e e e e a s Ca e o an d Gramm a ntieri es n a on . On r ig ti pl tf rm w r G n r l rr r , the l a tter o f wh om prote s te d a ga in st the a ttempt to interru pt a m a n like

o Bis ola ti who ha d s e d his ood f or his co nt . Sign r s , h bl u ry no Bis s o la ti w as o de d o cer s a nd so di e s who a Sig r surr un by fﬁ l r , p pla u d e d their old comr a de . H e e a de sc the ea e o f a o s as no o a as b g n by ribing L gu N ti n Ut pi , but an id ea which a lrea dy ha d pa rtly beco me a n d w as part ly becoming a ea an d he e d a e a c o f the c or o s eo es s o d ta e i r lity, urg th t h vi t i u p pl h ul k w th it to the Congres s a dis pos iti on towa rd s mo de ra tion an d equity a nd respect f or the e e c es o f o e s a nd s o d a d e a a s a ll uncon xig n i th r , h ul gu r its l f g in t sc ious Germa n e lements in its m ind . h d no Bissola ti ne d sc s s ed err o a e o s . a e s a Sig r xt i u t it ri l qu s ti n It ly, i , The s hould therein sh ow ﬁde lity to the ch ar ac ter o f her n obl e war a im s . s ame motives which led the Ita lian pe ople to e nter the wa r s h ould d irec t a the e a ce e o a o s but es e c e a s a not o to It ly in p n g ti ti n , th rit ri mu t pply nly

a a s a s o to o er eo es . It li n , but l th p pl T H E TREATY OF LONDON .

H e o c e d on the T ea o f o do n c he e d ed his a d t u h r ty L n , whi h, r min u i e ce wa s no t s ne d the i ed a es or the s a a e s am o n , ig by Un t St t by m ll St t ng ’ T a s e s ose e es s e e e e s s ere a ffec e d . he T ea It ly Alli , wh int r t , n v rth l , w t r ty,

e e o e co d no t e sc a e d sc s s o ose who did not s . th r f r , ul p i u i n by th ign it There we re so me points which the Ita li an peo ple pl aced beyond a ll d is ’ cu ssion— a e the T en i o o a T es e a nd s a— a s sa c e d n m ly, r t n , G rizi , ri t , I tri It ly r bo und a ries . But the Treaty o f Lon d on c l aimed f or Ital y re gions the a nnex ati on o f which would lea d Ita ly to trace f or her s el f a line contr a ry r T w as to he n d a e a n e es s an d con a to her ss o . e e fu m nt l i t r t tr ry mi i n h r , f or s a nce the D od eca nes e d s a ee the an e a on o f in t , , in i put bly Gr k, n x ti c he s a d o d ee a se ar a ed o eece e e as a whi h, i , w ul k p It ly p t fr m Gr , wh r i f It ly , ’ d o f e e a Ame lione s oc a a o s of e ed the Do deca es e min ful G n r l g pr l m ti n , f r n to the Confe rence f or re s titution to Greece she wo ul d ga in on the Lower A driatic a nd on the So uthe rn Alba nian front iers a secure bound ary an d ope n a la r ge do or to Ita lia n culture an d tr a d e in the B a lkan s and the ” e d e M ite rra n an .

2 1 D I LIVERPOOL AILY C OUR ER .

C u tti n r om i s su e d a ted a nu a r 14 19 1 9 . g f J y ,

C C A ND C ONFEREN E OMPROMISE . — The a s sumption th a t the c l a s h o f Ita li a n a nd J ugo Sl a v c l a ims in

’ A driatic wo uld provoke controver s y ha s bee n e ar ly j ustiﬁ ed by the piquant s truggl e be tween Mr. Ll oyd Geo rge an d B a ron S onnino over the B a lka n e e a e i h repr s nt ti on . W th nk t e country s hould know the truth a b out th a t ' ” Secret Tre a ty o f L ondo n in oppos ition t o which Biss ola ti l e ft the a f Ita lian Ca binet . I f it promi se s to Ita ly the gre te r par t o the Da lma tia n coa s ed o i a a the et en o o f the s a n d s o f the D od eca nes e t , pr m n ntly Sl v, r ti n i l , e ee o a o an d the a s o o o f the e a s o f with th ir Gr k p pul ti n, b rpti n G rm n Nor e T o i s a ea c ea co s s e the a o th rn yr l , it tr ty l rly in n i t nt with m j r prin ci les o f the es an d is co ce a e a the ea ce Co e e ce p Alli , it in n iv bl th t P n f r n will T ll e permit it to s tand . his is an oc cas i on when a trea ties ar e und r re vi s r f ar as i s on an d the m a o f o e o e to c o e e a d s e . So , p Eur p p n mpl t ju tm nt man oss e no a e o d o f e o e e e e m a n s a s hu ly p ibl , l rg b y p p l , wh th r G r , Sl v , ee s a a s a an s enc a s or er s s o d be o ce d Gr k , Rum ni n , It li , Fr h, Bulg r , S b , h ul f r o ce o e d e a o e d om n a on o e ar d s be e a e n m r un r f r ign i ti . S m h hips will in vit bl o to the a d r e o f aces a ea e o f a o s i s to co e wing mixtu r , but i f L gu N ti n m into being s tra tegic fron tiers need no lo nger be cons idere d a neces sity o f ” se ttl ement .

THE TIMES .

u tti n r om i ss u e d a ted a n u a r 15 19 19 . C g f J y ,

TH E CLAIMS OF GREE CE . T V W H Z L N ER IEW IT . ENI E O I M V S .

SUPPORT FOR LEAGUE OF NATIONS . o C es (Fr m Our Own orr po nde nt . ) 4 1 . ARI a n . P S, '

' The only point tha t rem a ins in our progr amme is the fa te of t he f s a d s . T e a e ee ee or o s a d s o f ear s and o to o i l n h y h v b n Gr k th u n y , ught g a e he T a back to Greece in their inte grity . When it wa s rr an g d in t re ty o f 1915 be twee n the Entente a nd Ita ly th a t Ita ly s houl d a nnex Rh odes and the s a d s o f D od eca nes us the wa r o e a e d f e e com e x o a nd i l n , b r v ry i f r nt pl i n , the e d h ed o er e s c s oc a e d . s o a n t e prin ipl pr l im by Mr Wil n Alli G v nm nt , i f e o the as i o f the e eace no d o ea d our ea e th y f rm b s futur p , will ubt l gr t n igh o a to o o se the e oces s o f ese s and s to eece s ce b ur, It ly, pr p r tr i n o th i l Gr , in a c a o des e a ai her s o e e n o e e ee It ly nn t ir , by m int ning v r ig ty v r pur ly Gr k o a ons to ca se co s a c o e ee two eo es who o to p pul ti , u n t nt fri ti n b tw n p pl , ught b ” e abl e to work in c l ose co ll abor a tion in the future .

2 2

BIRMINGHAM PO ST

m i su e d ted a nu a r 1 6 1 1 u tti n r o s a 9 9 . C g f J y ,

GREATER GREE CE OF A NEW EPOCH .

’ IRREDENTISTS CLAIMS IN A SIA MINOR .

D B YR UN I'UE POS ITION OCCUPIE Y SM NA .

o a C s o d (Fr m orre p n en t . )

The ac a ls o ~ tha t the a l a are ac a oss es s o o f the D od e f t, , It i ns in tu l p i n ca nes e s a d s nc udi o des is ood f or co s der a e c o ce The I l n , i l ng Rh , f n i bl n rn . o a o is ce a G ee or e so th a a d st s n th p pul ti n rt inly r k, m n in m ny i rict o e ’ ai and erea s a s oc c a o is the a e o f a a c a m nl , wh It ly up ti n in n tur ﬁn n i l a s a c o ar s ou o f e T o tr n ti n i ing t th rip lita n War .

D ODE CANESE ISLANDS 'UESTION . The o s o o f r a is e a s c a s o it o u la p iti n Smy n uniqu , in mu h , th ugh s p p o is certai a e c om os ed o f ee s and Le a e ee s ti n nly l rg ly p Gr k v ntin Gr k , it owes its co e c a a e re - war e s to s e ce ac mm r i l v lu in p tim Briti h inﬂu n , tivity, I a n es e and a d e . t e a d is o a an d is the o r ar i v tm nt, tr s hint rl n An t li , it p t p f e ce e ce t e eo . F or s re as o or no o e s o d em ai x ll n h r f thi n, i f th r, it h ul r n — nomina lly in the pos sess ion o f the pe opl e oc cupying An a toli a in this ca se the T s— c d oes not o e e e a e o ei c o t o o f its urk whi h , h w v r , limin t f r gn n r l a s a n d a es and o f the a es o f t a s o t s c a s the qu y wh rv , m in lin r n p r , u h

- a d a wa c e a d o the e o . see s es sen a Smyrn Ai in r il y, whi h l int int ri r It m ti l , o e e a s c o o a er a be e a o a s o d be in the h w v r, th t thi ntr l , r th th n int rn ti n l , h ul h a nd s o f one o f the Gr ea t P owers an d th a t the re gime be th a t o f a free

In Co c s on can be o nte d o ut ere that the s o on f the n lu i , it p i h luti o D od eca nes e s a d s es o s be e the s ace to o e os I l n qu ti n mu t l ft , in ﬁr t pl , th s m t d e co ce n ed— am e e ece an d a — an d is to be e ec e d ir ctly n r n ly, Gr It ly it xp t i e o s f a a o o o and . e ot O o a re a e s a es en th t B r n S nn n M V niz l , b h wh m bl t t m ,

ar e a t the de s e d so on . Co o se a e a ll a s a n im will riv ir luti mpr mi , ft r , pl y ’ portan t pa rt in the sta tes man s cra ft ; it will ha ve to pl a y a bigger one th an ever i f t he pe ac e we are no w t rying to el abora te is to be the s ucce s s ” expec ted t o be .

2 4 S THE TIME .

C u t ti n r om i s su e d a ted a 1 7 1 nu a r 1 . g f J y . 9 9

I T A L Y ’ S F U T U R E F R O N T I E R S

BIS OLA TI’ SIGNOR S S SPEE CH .

o e c a Cor es on (Fr m Our Sp i l r p d ent . )

AR I a n P S, ' .

T er is a so th D c e T h e l e od e a n es . he an nexa tion o f thes e indi s putably Gree k l and s could only s erve the negative interest o f keeping Ita ly and

Greece a par t . Should Ita ly offer a t the Co nfere nce to res tore the D od e ennes e to Greece s he would invert the pre sen t s itu a tion an d win a s ure ” en d the o e a n a n fri in S uth rn Adri tic a d S outh Alb i a .

THE C HALLENGE .

C u t ti n r om i s su e d a ted a n u a r 17 1 1 g f J y , 9 9 .

We exte nd a cor dia l we l come to the r epresenta tives o f the D od e ca nes e who are no w in o d o to ea d the ca se o f e co~ nationa ls , L n n pl u th ir T i e s a d s a e ha d a a d a e s e . ar e t o eece h r littl i l n h v h r f t Lying f th fr m Gr , a d the e a e s o f the ea e 'ew to a s the ca se o f mi blu w t r n n, th y rm in u ee n de e d ence s ed the ee ee a a a a co s a Gr k i p n , uppli Gr k fl t with m ny g ll nt r ir, f an d s uffere d the horr ors o the Turki sh reve nge. When Gree ce bec a me ee the o e s n s s ed on e e e on an d e e a e d de fr P w r i i t th ir r t nti , th y r m in un r — T Ottom an rule till the Ita l o Turki sh wa r o f 1911. he n they were ocen e d a a oo s an d e e e d a s os a e s f or the e ec o O f pi by It li n tr p , w r h l h t g x uti n f a n e e e T e e the T ea o sa a c e e to e . a r ty L u n , ft r whi h th y w r r turn h y h v e er e e d f or the T s 'a ha s bee d e off the [E ean n v r turn , urki h g n riv n g by o one e e or a o e th a a a e d the eek ee . e s e se Gr fl t But, n pr t xt n th r, It li n h v r fu e e e ed o a d e a s h to ev a cu ate them . The y w re pr v nt fr m i ing H ll in t e — B a lka n w a r th ough m an y a volunteer m a de his w a y into King C ’ — st a nti ne s fighting d ivi s i ons a n d whil e Greece e nter ed into po ss es s io n ffe a on f he e o r s an d s e s s su oc c a . o t n ighb u ing i l , th y mu t till r up ti by It ly o the o ea w ar the s a d s—e n e ee o a o All thr ugh Eur p n i l n tir ly Gr k in p pul ti n , c a ac e an d a tr ot s — a e ed to be a o ed to a ss d e the h r t r, p i i m h v pl ll w p un r

ee o e n e and s o ea se a t a s ee n . Now e are Gr k G v r m nt, r li l t Gr k u ity th y bringing the ir case direc tly be fore the Wes ter n democr acies . We wi s h s e t e e s e a o them a f a voura ble hearing and a h a ppy i s u o th ir pr nt tribul ti n .

2 5 BIRM INGHAM POST

d a d a u a 1 1 u tti n r om i s su e te n r 8 9 1 9 . C g f J y ,

C ST T C ON AN INOPLE FOR GREE E .

T T U HOW BALKAN GORDIAN KNO MIGH BE C T.

. ’ BULGARS NEED OF A PORT IN TH E MEDITERRANEAN .

o Co es n (Fr m a rr po d ent . )

The need f or an amic able unde rs tan d ing be tween Greece an d It a ly on the D od eca n es e s an d s es o ha s ee e e e d to e se e e I l qu ti n b n r f rr l wh r , but it is no les s true tha t both countrie s h ol d oppo s ite view s on the future o f or e s o e a c a the s e d st c s e e the eek N th rn Epiru , m r p rti ul rly in i ri t wh r Gr r o es e de d o os s a s ac or the o e Epi t bl n , th ugh m t un ti f t ily, with S uth rn

Alba nians .

COMMON SENSE

m i s su d a ted u a r 1 1 1 u tti n r o e a n 8 9 9 . C g f J y ,

' T R T T C T ” ER I ORIAL PROBLEMS OF HE PEA E SE TLEMENT.

R V W W R N E IE I H M . . . OO H I T T G P G C .

’ ‘ The est was the e ar on the act s y r , r ply, p tly f th a t this di trict

o e d a o f the old e c o f e e a and a on the e e f f rm p rt R publi V n ti , p rtly pr sen c o a ce a e o f a a s the o s th a rt in numb r It li n in t wn . But e popul tion O f this e on a s a o e is to—d a o e e i a a nd o not to be r gi wh l y v rwh lm ngly Sl v, it ught o d e an a a o Y m e e t . ou e a s a o a br ught un r It li n G v rnm n ight, p rh p , ll w It ly a f ew o f the s a n d s in o d e to e r e he r the c om an d o f the d r a c i l r r nsu m A i ti , an d she might a l so ret a in Va l ona but she ha s a s littl e right to the Da l m a an a an d as she h o the D o c a m ti m inl as t d e a nes e. I h oping th a t the Peace Co n ference will not en d ors e the extra va gan t c l a im s put forwa rd a the s ec e t e a f 191 Th by It ly in r t r ty o 5. e res ign a ti on o f Signor Biss olati ’ a nd Pres id ent Wil son s s ubs eque nt inte rview with him ar e a n encoura g ’ s n ing ig .

26 THE SUNDAY TIMES .

u tti n r om i ss u e d a ted a nu a r 19 19 19 . C g f J y ,

T ’ I ALY S OPPORTUNITY .

BI OLA TI’ C SIGNOR SS S SPEE H .

R D ox By HA OL C .

The a a e e s s a so c a the s a d o f he D od eca nes e It li n xtr mi t l l im i l n s t , l ar ge ly inha bited by Greeks a nd no w ins istently c l a ime d by the Greek n n T s th o c f th a an e e s s is ca e d out Go e e . e o e v r m t hu , i f p li y It li xtr mi t rri there will be esta bli she d a pe rma nent ca use o f qu arr el betwee n Ita ly a nd her T a wi a d a e f or the Sl a vonic an d Greek neighbours . h t ll h r ly m k eace o f a e p E st rn Europe.

TH D E TREATY OF LON ON . In de fence o f their c l a ims the Ita lia n extremi s t s point to the Trea ty o f 1915 e ee a n a d a ce and s s a c a a ee d b tw n It ly, E gl n , Fr n , Ru i , whi h gu r nt to Ita ly both the D a lma ti a n coa s t a nd the Dod eca nes e I s l a nd s . Fr a nce an d Grea t Brita in ar e bound by thi s co nvention to s upport the se Ita li an c a s at the eace Co e e ce a s s s the e d a e s wa s l im P n f r n if It ly in i t , but Unit St t no h T s s s a t a a to t e ea nor e e an o f the e a e . p rty r ty, w r y r m ining Alli Ru i , wh wa ha o s a a s a en out. p rty, f ll o eo e is s ffi c e o o s a the co d o s de c M r v r, it u i ntly bvi u th t n iti n un r whi h th T a ll T e e e w a s a T a i not a . e r ty m d e are no l onger opera tive . h t s h r are a s o Bis s ola ti s s s o a a ons e s n o a ll , Sign r rightly in i t , m r l oblig ti r ti g up n the es wh a wo h r s n wa The nc a o f ose o a Alli o h ve n t e p e e t r. pri ip l th blig tions is to dem on stra te t o the worl d th a t it is not the d es ire o f an y o f us to imita te the spirit o f a ggres s i on which we h a ve fought to kill in e m a m f s e a is com a a e e as . a a s a o c o e a d G r ny It li n y, ur , pl th t it p r tiv ly y f or s e to o a d s a e beca se our d O-m n o s a re Engli hm n put f rw r thi rgum nt, u i i n s o spa c iou s th a t we can afford with out ri sk t o ourse lves to preac h gene ros it be e de d a the a s a d ha s y to others . But the y m a y r min th t in p t Engl n d o e 8 d s o e w a sen a s s o e n 185 . a s n m thi g more th a n pre ach . In Mr Gl t n t

’ s ec a co m s s o e to the o a s a d s a nd a s a r es ult o f his m s s on p i l m i i n r I ni n I l n , i i , a nd the s se en e s a s en o f a D an s d a s eece the by ub qu t t bli hm t i h yn ty in Gr , o a s an d s e o s occ ed ea a e e 1863 volun I ni n I l , pr vi u ly upi by Gr t Brit in , w r in ta ril s r en d e y u r e r d to Greece .

ITALY AND TH E DODECANESE . All this tim e Cyprus w a s he ld by Grea t Brita in unde r a b a rga in e d ared war on T e with the Ottoman G overnment . When w ecl urk y in

2 7 w e 1914 Cyprus a s a nn exe d to the Briti sh Empire . Our h and s ar e ther f e ca n d o C s s w s . Th a a o o fore free . W with ypru a e wi h e l rge m j rity the o a o is ee an d o the o e e en ee s d o p pul ti n Gr k, , th ugh m r int llig t Gr k ubt le s s rea lis e th a t from a ma teri a l po int o f view they woul d prob abl y be e e off d e s r e e ar d e des e o a b tt r un r Briti h ul , th y ntly ir uni n with wh t e a d a e they r g r s th ir mother country . L u s a so It is exac tly the s tory o f the I oni a n I s l a nd s repe ate d . et l o d be repe a t the exam ple th a t Eng l a nd then se t to the worl d . It w ul difﬁcult f or the Ita li an s to re fuse to fo ll ow th at examp le in the c as e o f the w T os s a d s e e t elve Greek i s l a nd s which the y now occupy . h e i l n w r . w a s t aken from Turkey by Ita ly in the co urse o f the Tripoli War . It one o f the co d o o f e ace a e s o d be es o e d to T e n iti n s p th t th y h ul r t r urk y, a e a d e ha d ee e s o e d ha e c e u o o . but It ly s n v r rri d o t th a t c n iti n If th y b n r t r , e ere is no do a e o d a e a s se d a s a a e o f co se th n th ubt th t th y w ul h v p , m tt r ur , w T e o u la to Greece with the de fea t o f Turkey in the present ar. h ir p p o is o e e m ee a nd a e e o a to a d o er ti n v rwh l ingly Gr k, i f It ly w r v lunt rily h n v ' these i s l a nd s t o Greece she woul d a t once put her re l a tio n s with the n d o o f eec e on a o e end oo an d a is e e o e ki g m Gr m r fri ly f ting, , wh t v n m r m or a o d e to ace on a b a s the co d o s o f e ace i p t nt, w ul h lp pl ﬁrm si n iti n p ” o o a s e n thr ugh ut E t r Europe .

I L VERPOOL POST .

u tti n r om i s s u e d a ted a nu a r 2 0 1 9 19 . C g f J y ,

ITALY AND TH E ADRIATIC.

SIR —The a dm a e a nd s c e a c e o s ue o f e s e , ir bl in tru tiv rti l in y ur is y t r d ay, an d the sympa thetic re fe rence to the a spira tion s o f the Yug o~ Sla vs an d D od eca nes ia ns is e acco d a ce the e a d s o a , quit in r n with tru Gl t ni n

s . is to be o ed the e a a a d e e to its a d o s pirit It h p Lib r l p rty will h r tr iti n , and support the a spira tions o f th ese oppres sed pe ople s f or n a ti on a l ind epend ence . One s e e ce o ar c e o e e see m s to me to e e o d nt n in y ur ti l , h w v r, r quir m i ’ a ﬁ cation . You sta te ' We m y agree with Ita ly s standpoint a s ex es sed ar o Son o or we m a not d ese e s the os pr by B n nin , y ; but it rv m t s a e c co s de a o eca se the ina l s a ce ha d the s o ymp th ti n i r ti n, b u in f in t n it upp rt ” o f th s e Allie .

2 8 A s ou o out the T ea o f o do w y p int , r ty L n n as not s ubscribed to by er ca e a or e ece a l o the a e a o s e e dee Am i , S rbi , Gr , th ugh l tt r n ti n w r ply affec te d . ' e e ca cam e a s a co—e ere she d id s on the a s s Wh n Am ri in b llig nt, o b i o f ce a r c es c ear d e e d es de s on one o f e rt in p in ipl l ly ﬁn by Pr i nt Wil , th m

- his e s s a f 8 e s e de e a o . e o the 9th a a 191 the b ing l f t rmin ti n In M g J nu ry, , Pres id ent s a id ' The d ay o f conque st a nd a ggra n d i sement is gone by ' Wh a t we d em a nd is tha t the worl d sh a ll be ma d e s a fe fo r eve ry n a tion w c s es to e its ow n e d e e e its own s o s be a s s e d hi h wi h liv lif , t rmin in tituti n , ur o f s ce a n d a dea the o er eo es o f the o d a s a a s ju ti f ir ling by th p pl w rl , g in t ’ T s wa force an d s elﬁs h a ggress ion . hi s three ye ars a fter the tre a ty upon ‘ which Ita ly b a ses her c l a ims to reta in pos se ssion O f the i s l a nd s O f the ’ o e u D d eca n s us at present occup ie d by her. In vie w o f the pronouncem ents o f America an d ma ny others t o the s a e ef ec a n d a e se c are a ll su e s e o f its o s on s m f t, by It ly h r l f, whi h bv r iv pr vi i , if Ita ly an d her cc - s igna tories wishe d to se par a te the trea ty from the s o f ese o o c e e s s mi she wa s c om o a r e s s t o pirit th pr n un m nt , I ub t , in m n f i n e ca a nd the o d o d to a e a d o ed a e a e ese Am ri w rl , b un h v s i s imm i t ly ft r th o e m Not a d o s o s she not her o ce s e e a de. e pr n un m nt w r h ving n , mu t by s e ce be a e to a e ac es ced the a se o f the o s o s o f il n , t k n h v qui in l p pr vi i n the treaty ' My obj ect in wri ting is to ende a vour to keep the ca use o f thes e eo es st u to be ee e o e the c a nd so e em to p pl , r ggling fr , b f r publi , h lp th a c e a o a de e n d ence and se - de e a o to c e a re quir n ti n l in p l f t rmin ti n, whi h th y s e ed — o s etc ju tly ntitl Y ur , , Y W . BO LE .

- 1919 25 Ca s e s ee e o o 17 a a . , tl tr t, Liv rp l , th J nu ry, ’

wa s s . o e . o e a N ote. Fina l in the quota ti n giv n by Mr B yl lip ’— P M D . a nd . d s ﬁ E . L The wor h oul d h a ve been rst .

SHEF F IELD DAI LY TELEGRAPH .

m i ss u e d a ted a nu a r 21 19 19 . Cu tti ng f r o J y ,

ITALY AND E GEA N.

M a ny littl e na tion a lities bes ide s Armenia are ﬁling their cl a im s at

ce and a di lom natist e s me a e a s the os t he Peace Conferen , p t ll th t p rh p m t f rea d able an d complete is the White P aper put in by the inhabita nts o

' D o eca nes e the s a d s Off s a Minor includin e e an d the d , i l n A i , g Mityl n

2 9 R d s c a oo f o T 191 o e e 2 and s d s . h , whi h It ly t k r m urk y in till h ol The eo e o f ese s es s e a ee a nd c a e n o e f p pl th i l p k Gr k, l im r u i n with Greec or ea s o s a c e a nd od e e n the a c a o th D od e r n n i nt m rn, b gin ing with f t th t fr m e ennes e c a e e od o s a e o f s o a n d oc a es a e o f m H r tu , f th r hi t ry, Hipp r t , f th r m ed c e e a s o d ra e c a a t o e m e . s c se e i in S ntim nt li t w ul g nt th ir l im n , but nti nt ’ d oe ’ o e a a c h d a r th s o e e t e c o e z E ean . a n t rul It li n p li y, ith r in A ri ti g Wh t i Sh a Ita ly re quires s sec urity a n d tra d e. e g ine d th ese i s l es a s the fruits o f c o one wa r an d s he a s to s ee the a c a she ha s vi t ry in , f il why f t th t won a nother a n d mo s t co stly ca mpa ign s h oul d m ake it incumb ent on her her f V to e e . c o e o ca o o o e o d b giv th m up Mu h m r l gi l , fr m p int i w, w ul e the a ddition o f Smyrn a to the Ita li a n Protectora te . She a lwa y s is a bl e to o to our co ed occ a o o f C u s ano e ee o os a nd p int ntinu up ti n ypr , th r Gr k utp t , ” h oe s e d s so.

A R D I LY TELEG APH .

u tti n r om i ss u e d a ted a nu a r 2 1 19 19 C g f J y , ,

PROBLEMS OF TH E PEACE CONFEREN CE . D C T IFF I UL IES AND DANGERS . D L o DR . IL ON Fr m E . J . . I 15 AR a n . . P S, ' 0 a a e a i s the ee s a d s o f the D od ec nes e e e Ag in, if It ly r t n Gr k i l n a , wh r e e is no a a o a o at a ll he o d e e e e s th r It li n p pul ti n , s w ul mbitt r H ll ni m o o the o d a nd she can o a or d to a se m a ca e thr ugh ut w rl , n t ff r i up i pl bl enem es in as e n o e ere she oo s f or ar e s an d a d e e d i E t r Eur p , wh l k m k t wi ﬁ l no Bis so lati a d oc a e s a f or her cultura l a ctivities in the future . Sig r v t enu nc a on o f Da a a the D od eca nes e an d the a d s o f the o r i ti lm ti , , l n Alt ’ ”

d e e c a e f or e c he too e a d s a s a s . A ig , in x h ng Fium , whi h , , r g r It ly by right

LIVERPOOL DAILY C OURIER .

u n r om i ss u e d a ted a nu a r 2 1 19 19 C tti g f J y , ,

- ROME ATHENS AGREEMEN T.

o Tittoni the ex - a a a s s a d o a s dec are d at a Sign r , It li n Amb r in P ri , l S tur ’ a co o a co e e ce e d de his c a an s a his d a y s Ita li n l ni l nf r n , h l un r h irm hip, th t country an d Greece would reach a priva te und erstan ding in rega rd to

THE SUNDAY TIMES .

u tti n r om i ss u e d a t ed a nu a r 2 6 1919 C g f J y , ,

SIR —A s an a de o e o f co m a e es s a , r nt l v r my untry, y I xpr my gree ’ ’ s ar o d Co s a ment with the argument in Mr . H l x rtic l e on Ita ly s Opp or ’ tunity ' I only wish to s a y in c ritici sm th a t he has prob a bly over estima ted the impo rta nce O f thepe ople who s houted d own Signor Bis so T a e e e e a s o a e ce e wa u l ati in the S ca l a he tr . I b li v th t thi unf rtun t s n s d e to a s a o s f ac on an d a the ar e a o Of a an s ar e m ll , n i y r ti , th t l g m j rity It li in fa vour o f the s ober principle s th a t Signor Bis solati ha s so pa triotica lly d a dvoc a te .

n . N . I o d o a 20 A AL AN . L n n , ' IT

GLASGOW HERALD .

u tti n r om i ss u e d a t ed a n u a r 2 7 1919 . C g f J y ,

TH E TWELVE ISLANDS .

R A MINOR P OBLEM OF THE PEACE .

Eve n gra nting the accepta nce o f the fa mo us four teen points an d a ll the c a ons o f se - de e na on a ona s or c c a s c u a n l f t rmi ti , n ti l will , hi t i l im , ult r l s a nd the e e e be a or o s f or the eace Con fe r right , lik , th r will m ny th ny p int P ence to e e o s c a s its s a es a s to the a s de ee s ttl , p int whi h will t k t t m n hip l t gr Th o e s a s e o e f or n s a ce n o f se e . e e se a v rity fr nti r in E t rn Eur p , i t n , pr t ma s s o f con ﬂicting c l a im s which ren der im pa rti a lity po s sible o nly at the ’ ce o f com et e co s on e i n to be met e a d e c de pri pl nfu i , r qu ri g by Al x n r s ru

d e ce the ca e o f the or d a o . c o s eno the o n s vi in s g i n kn t But, uri u ly ugh, p i t which see m likely to ca u se mo st trouble and ﬁerces t pa rti s a n s hip a re p re c isel o e e e a s is the ca se D a m a a e e is a c a on y th s wh r , with l ti , th r tu lly ly the os o an er a s is the e one s ide to the case . e se O f th m t imp rt t, p h p , futur

3 2 o f the D od eca nes e the e e s a d s c ar e o e d h , tw lv i l n whi h gr up to t e west o f s h ode . e e t e c a a s a re a and eece o f Rh H r l im nt It ly Gr , whom the l atter ha s a ll the a d a a e o f o c a nd the o e o f o ce v nt g l gi f rm r f r .

TH E D T ISLAN S IN HIS ORY .

There has be en no time in his tory when the Twelve I s l a nd s were n a ll s e a e e th r - ot in e s nti l s H ll nic. In e p e hi storic a ges we fi nd them sh ar ing in the once my s terious c ivilis a tion o f the [Egean a nd fully id en tifie d the c r a e o f a c e n ece T with ultu l lif n i t Gre . h eir citizens were a ll o e the ed e an ea o d the c a eans v r M it rr n w rl , with A h in the ir de sc ent s in e c a d e a a nd P s am m etichus a nd the o Egypt, with N bu h n zz r with , in col nies so w d th se ed s o f de n ll h which e e mo r ity a over t e Middle Sea . They o e d the a a s e s a a n d s oo d e s the ea j in in fight g in t P r i , t by Ath n in gr t d a ys L i f o f P erikl es . Und er the a g dae o Egypt they form ed a ce ntre o f l earn a o f n ing a nd ar t which riv lle d the gl rie s o Ale xa ndri a. U de r Rome the y were tra d e ce ntres o f the e a s tern provinces a nd outpos t s o f c ivili s a tion One ha t e de a . s o o e e oc a es the d oc o un r Byz ntium nly r m mb r Hipp r t , t r, a nd H erc d a s the s a s o a es o f K os the co o ss s o f o d es , tiri t, b th n tiv , l u Rh , a nd its e a co os s us who is c a e d o on s an d' the a oc a se lit r ry l , ll Ap ll iu , p lyp which wa s gran ted t o a J ewi s h exil e in P a tmos to re a li se the ir pl ace in f e the d eve l opment o the a ncient worl d . Wh n the E as tern Empire a s e d e o e the o a e s a a e d a a e es s a ce v ni h b f r Ott m n th y till m int in br v r i t n , a e to o d u but by 1522 they were complete ly c onquere d . Un bl h l o t like e o e o a e e e the es f or ee ce e s e s u f th ir m r f rtun t br thr n in W t, thr nturi th y a ll t n s f T s e a e a n f ere d he barba rity a d oppres ion o urki h rule . Bitt r h t rs d ca a e a o s e e e the s t o e s o d e the e c os s o f p bl p tri t , th y w r fir t r p n wh n fi ry r w a a f n freed om a s s en t round the i s le s in the gre t d y s o Greek i dependence . T e d ar n a ee s e e the e o o f the T s ee s an d e h ir i g priv t r w r t rr r urki h fl t , th ir k h d i B tz i e e e t f s ons new ow to e with Yp s ilant an d o ar s . But th y w r oo ar f r h m a a n o e w s a a o t e d o s s to see nd e on t eec a e se d . w y ipl ti t , th ir u i Gr r fu T e o a s a o w a s s o o e o e e a t e e e a e to h ir rg ni ti n p w r ful , h w v r, th t h y w r bl n m m T e e xtort a d ainta in fa v ourable trea t e nt from the ir oppres sors . h y We e a ed a ca en a s ec es O f a on om e n n om na r gr nt typi lly Ori t l p i ut y, b i g i lly T s e o 'ac a e e a t the cos o f e s m a t e urki h t rrit ry , but tu lly fr t v ry ll ribut a o s f or e am e a d on one Tu s o d er a n m—an d ha d P tm , x pl , p i ly rki h p un p nu s a C n s a f ce T T e s e e m one peci l o ul r O fi s in the urki sh ca pita l . h y nt th ir y a n d t e a e s to a id the ca se o f eece in C e e in M ac e d oina h ir pr y r u Gr r t , , in 9 s an d e ee s o 18 7 a t Demo k os a n d a s a s . Epiru , th ir volunt r f ught in Ph r lu They gree te d the a dvent o f a rebel to power a t Athen s in the pe rs on O f n x f h o e r a d and . e e os a s e o e a u e e a s o o t e M V iz l b t k ning f rth r p n i n M th l n , , sec re in e e e d os o o o e d o a d to the d a e t he u th ir privil g p iti n , l k f rw r y wh n a dve nt o f the ships o f Greece woul d reunite them once a ga in to the l a nd w th a t a s a nd i s Hell a s .

33 TH C E APPEARAN E OF ITALY .

1912 o e e one o f e se s a e c s s d es o f a e In , h w v r, th tr ng vi i itu f t which e ced o f s a es e a o o e the os e e c ese e e em . a m t xp ri n t t m n nn t f r b f ll th It ly, d es a n o f o c the s s e in her c a a in T o eso e d to p iri g f r ing i u mp ign rip li , r lv ‘ H r a ca the w ar n o the E e an . er ee de d the D a d a ne es a nd rry i t / g fl t i r ll , her m a rines on April 22 f orm a lly took po s se ss ion o f Rh ode s a n d the c e T a a ed the a a s e a e s D od e a n s e. e c d o se s s o o f urk y pitul t , but It li n r t in p i n ec f or th ec on f th T ea f a T the i s l a nd s a s s urity e ex uti o e r ty o La us nne . hu s e the a a ar s o e out o the o e [E e a n e n o the wh n B lk n w br k , th ugh wh l g f ll i t o e o f eece a f ew d a s the a c o f the a a occ a o re p w r Gr within y , f t It li n up ti n p h ee a o a c the D od eca ne e Th s a ve nte d t e liberating fl t ppr hing s . e i l nder s d e o s a e d o e a nd o n the a a o e en w a s m n tr t s l mnly m vi gly , but It li n G v rnm t o d a e a n d the e a es c e de d the wa r e the s a d s unre b ur t , tr ti whi h n l ft i l n d eeme d an d in the a n oma l ou s po sition o f Turki sh territory which Turkey c oul d not h ope to h ol d he l d by It a ly a s a gu ar a ntee f or a ctio n which D s h Turkey could n ot ex pect t o pe rform . e pite t e prote sts o f the Greek G ove rnme nt an d the petiti on s o f the i s l an d s thi s sta te o f things still s ub h a f 191 s s s and the ow e d e a t e e o 5 A rt . . eco se d i t , kn l g th t tr ty ( VIII ) r gni the is l an d s a s It a li an territory ha d a de termining effec t on the a nti f a a n T Vene z elists in the ir policy o emb rr ss i g the Ente nte . he question fi gure d a mong the ca u se s o f the l am ent able brea kd own o f ne gotia tions the s e o f a ear a nd s nce e the Vene z ilist re ime c in umm r th t y , i th n g , whi h has prove d its d evo tion to the common ca use on the bl oo d - st a ined fiel ds o f t a s f T a d on a has no t ce a se d to es s he c o eece . o the o M ce i , pr l im Gr rigin a l ea o f 1915 o e e the o o a ha s c n a e tr ty , h w v r, S nnin p rty lu g with unw v ring ac and the o e o e e ha s co s s e e a e d the s a n d s ten ity, R m G v rnm nt n i t ntly tr t i l Bi l i an n e v e n o . no s so a t the corr s a s Ita li a pr perty Sig r , in i t r i w with e pon en o f a o d o d a a e a s one o f the ea s ons f or his es a o d t L n n ily, g v r r ign ti n , —‘ s o dee ply de pl ored here an d in Fra nce I h a ve fa ile d to move B a ron ’ o o the d oc e o f the e a e e e o o f the D od eca ne S onnin fr m trin p rm n nt r t nti n s e.

THE WILL OF THE ISLANDS . o f a o ula To the S onn ino pos ition there is a n ea s y a n swer . Out p p o o f e e a re a a o the off c a s o f the occ a on o ti n th r , p rt fr m i i l up ti , nly a an d o f a a s e e e 'are ee s the a os e c h ful It li n , whil th r Gr k , lm t x lu ’ a s os s ively Greek pop ul a tion o f which Signo r Bis sola ti speak s . It ly p i ’ ’ o the D od eca nes e s a d the c e c a e a s Corriere d l ta lia ti n in , i l ri l Imp ri li t , in ‘ ’ s o f as e ar is a e e a e one a d e e e o is Augu t l t y , pur ly n g tiv , n th ir r t nti n The s a de s Opposed by a ll the be s t exponent s o f Ita li a n n ation a li sm . i l n r T e e themse lves h a ve no a lterna tive po lic y t o their reun ion with Greece . h r a n Th s is the res o t o a s se d the 15 room only f or two quot ti o s . e ﬁr t lu i n p by a a ts o f a a os ca o f a o ers inh bit n K rp th , typi l m ny th We are rea dy to s acriﬁce everything th a t w e m a y f a ll into the a rm s o f our Great Mother an d thu s rema in united f or ever We emph a si se f or

34 the l a s t time to ou r mighty protectors th a t we ha ve on ly one wi s h a nd one a s a on a n d a o u r o s are co ce a e d on one o n pir ti , th t th ught n ntr t p i t o eece o ur ea o er— a nd w e d o not ea n to e s n uni n with Gr , Gr t M th m r ig ’ our selves to any oth er fa te. ' The othe r i s from the pe tition o f the D od eca nes ia n Lea gue to the P owers f or pe rm i s s ion to fight a s Greek s Now a ee ce ou r o e Co n 15 m o s n to un de th t Gr , M th r u try, bili i g fight r f f the the ea de rs o o ur m m o r a c e . Vene z elos the s de o l hip i t l hi f, M , by i her o c e s we the n a an s o f the D od eca nes e ee s f or o s a nd s i A lli , , i h bit t , Gr k th u o f e a rs w o u d con s d e the re a e s o f o o s we e e a o e d to y , l i r it g t t h n ur i f w r ll w fight by the s ide o f our M oth er Count ry f or the liber a tio n o f the n ati ons ’ an d the ca u se o f civili s a tion . The e a e ha s a d d e se d se to the e e to e s d e so L gu r s it l f Pr mi r, Pr i nt Wil n , I C m en c a u De em er 2 in u s a n ce o f s o c . s a nd t o M . le e ( c b ) p r u a hi t ri right it too m uch to hope th a t the ir bu rni ng a ppe a l f or libe rty a nd f or reuni on will not rem a in uncons id ered P

T C . R . .

TH E NEAR EAST .

u t ti n r om i s s u e d a ted F br u a r 1 C g f e y 7 91 9 .

TH E D OD EC NE S E A N D TH E T R E TY F A A O LAUSA NN E .

The ca i u la ion of Turk e on Oc to er 3 1 19 18 ro ided for the u nc on p t t y b , , p v

- ditional s rrende r of a ll the Tu rkis orc es b ut the c a u s e s re a tin to t es e u h f , l l g h ro s ons w e e ree in n u m r i p vi i r th b er . A t c le 16 s tip u la ted for th e s u rrender o f a ll a rris on s in th e H e a z s s r Yem e n r a n ll h S a d M es o ota m ia i . e. a t e g j , A i , , y i p , , e xtens ive dis tricts in w hic h the Tu rk s ha d b e en off e ring r es is ta n c e in the c r ou rs e of tha t w ar . A tic le s 17 a nd 18 rela te e xc lu s ively to Cyre na ic a ' The s urrender of a ll Tu rk i s h o fﬁ c e rs in Tripolita n ia a n d Cyrena ic a to th e n ear es t i i n Turk Ita l a n ga rr s o . ey gu a ran te e s to s top s upplie s a nd c om m unic a tion wi t es e ofﬁ c ers if e d o n ot o e the rd rr n The s urr nd r th h , th y b y o e r to s u e de r . e e of a ll orts oc c u ied in Tr o itan a a nd C re na ca nc d n M is u rata to the p p ip l i y i , i lu i g (

3 5 ea s t o f Tr t o the n e a res t ied a rris on re s u m a I ta a n T re is ipoli) All g (p bly li ) . h e a n e xpla na tio n rea dy to ha n d fo r the s tra n ge pa rtic u la rity w ith w hic h in the te rms o f th e Tu rkis h a rmi s tic e two cla u s e s a re d e voted to a ﬁ eld o f ba ttle c m o pa ra tive ly in s ign iﬁ c a nt .

It is a s tor of s e ve n e a rs a o The a a n c e of ow er In the Ba k a n s y y g , b l p l ’ w a s e r r ca rio u s a n d h a d e e n s a ken b I a s w a r a a ns Tu rk in v y p e , b h y t ly g i t ey 19 11 w ic h w a s e rm ina ted the Trea t of a us a nn e on N o m r 4 1 11 e e 9 . , h t by y L v b , I taly a nne xed Tripoli a nd re ta ined the D odecanese a s a pledge for the proper x i n k h r m f r e ec u t o by Tu r ey of t e te s o s u rrende .

The rela tions be tw e en I ta ly and h e r pa rtn e rs of the Triple Allia nc e w e re

- ec u ia r . I ta w a e d t is wa r a a ns the wis of us tria H u n a r a nd ot p l ly g h g i t h A g y, b h

- I a a nd us tria H u n a r we re ound und e r rt c e VII . Of t h e Trea t of the t ly A g y b , A i l y Tr e a nc e to re s ec t the a a n c e o f ow er in th e Ba ka ns a nd to or o ipl Alli , p b l p l , f g a n a d a nc e s a e on term s o f m u u a a nd e u a c onc es s ion a er an accord y v , v t l q l , ft r l Th i r i r nd p éalab e. e m il ta y o pe ra t ons o f Ita ly w e e c o uc te d u nder s e vere geogra phica l res trictions ; s he m ight n ot a tta c k Turk ey on th e Adriatic or the ’ ' z E e a n ron ou n er t d er m c o ec ed t th m r r g f t . C t B c h ol v y u h bj t o e te po a y oc c u a o n of the D odeca nese a s te nd n to the dis ru on of Tu rke b u t the p ti , i g pti y ; im mine nc e of the ou tb rea k of the B alk a n W a r of 19 12 (w hic h r es ulte d in th e i r n i l be a tio of M a c ed onia by th e B a lka n pe ople s ) m a de h m m odify his tone . ' On ri 15 19 12 h e e x re s s ed his re adin es s to re a rd R odes Ca r hthos Ap l , , p g h , p a nd S ta m pa lia a s no t n e c e s s a rily pa rt of the is le s of the ZEgea n S ea a nd o n

M a y 21 K id e rlen - W ac h te r fro m B e rlin a c k now le dged w ith th a n k s this c on c ilia tor a ttit ud e on th e a r t o f u s tr a - H u n a r a n d c e r s ed th e o e t a t t is y p A i g y , h i h h p h h I talia n oc c u pa tion o f s e ve ra l is la n ds in the ZEgea n w o uld h a v e n o da nge ro us r c ti n i h ea o n t e B alka ns .

The oc c u a tion w a s a w a s u nde rs tood to be r is iona l a nd t is a c t p l y p ov , h f w a a c k n I B uri th u s tr a n F ore i n M i n s ter n s tru c ted s ow e d ed ta . an e l g by ly , A i g i , i M ac c o his m a s s a dor a t R om e in t es e term s ' I ta ha s o en a s s u red hi , A b , h ly ft the Au s tro - H u nga ria n G overn m ent in the m os t e xplic it term s tha t th e oc c upa ' t on w a s on tem ora r a nd w ou d c om e to a n end a te th e c es s a on of i ly p y, l f r ti os itie s e w e en I ta a nd Tu rk e w ri e n de c a ra t on wa s d s cu s s ed h til b t ly y . A tt l i i , a nd this w a s th e te xt propos ed a t tha t tim e by Ita ly ' Il e s t e ntendu que da n s ’ ’ la ens e d u G ou erne m e nt R o a i a en l oc c u a tion e ffec u e us u a c e p é v y l t li , p t é j q ’ ou r c u ui ou rra s e ffe ctu e r da ns la s u e des e s de la m er e ee a un j , q p it it il g c a ra c tere provis oire e t qu e le s dite s ile s s eront re s titu ées a la Tu rqu ie a pres ’ la c es s a ion des os ilit es e ntre l Ita lie et la Tu u ie e t u e ar c on s e uen t h t i rq , q p q t ’ a pres l é va c u a tion d e la Tripo lita ine et de la Cyré na iqu e de la pa rt de s trou pe s e t des o fﬁc ie rs o tom a n s e t a us s itOt u e la rea lis a tion de s c onditions indi u es t , q q é da n s la note ita lienne d u 15 m a rs 19 12 a u x G randes P u is s a nc es a ura é té ' o nu i n n h ndi ions on w c the bte e . It follow s (D u r a c o tin u e s ) tha t t e c o t hi h I a ia n G o ern m ent ha d m a de th e e a c ua t on c ontin e n no on e r s u s is a n d t l v v i g t l g b t , yet for ove r th re e yea rs in 19 15) Ita ly ha d no t res tore d th e is la nds to ” Tu rk ey .

- - Th e a u thor i ty a nd th e ci ta ti ons a re fr o m the A u s tro H ung a r ia n R ed b ook II .

36 ' Th e B alk a n wa rs w ere then in progres s ; a nd it is w orth noting tha t this l s ec ret underta king c ontin ued a s follow s Il es t éga le m ent entendu que a ’ i l VII du T a it de prés e nte d eclaration qu i déc ou le des dis pos itions de l a rt c e . r é i r l o ernem ent a us trohon rois a ns i ue Triple Allia nc e s era c ons dé rée pa e G uv g , i q t m n s ec e e e t conﬁ dentielle c ar pa r le G ou vernem ent ita li en c omm e s tric e e t r t , , ’ s i e e a it c nnu e r la Tur u ie e e n a tteindra it a s le com m un a u x ll ét o pa q , ll p but ” de u x P is s a nc es e s t de ater e t d e a c i i er 1a a ix . In o er w ords u , qui h f l t p th , Italy m ight ha ve b e en b o und to restore the is la nds to Tu rk ey b efore the s ettle m ent of th e Ba kan a rs in w ic e en G ree c e m i t a e c om e in o l w , h h v t gh h v t

her ow n .

The B a lka n w a rs re s ulted in the tri um ph o f th e c oun trie s w h os e interes ts did no a c cord os e of the Tri le a n c e a nd in the u er de ea o f t with th p Alli , tt f t Tu k e w ic w as e co m in a G erm a n ro te ctora e and Bu a r a the c a s r y, h h b g p t , lg i , t pa w of A u s tria - H u ngary ; a nd it is rem a rk a ble tha t a ppa rently to thi s v ery

‘ da s e re im in rie s e not e en c a rr ed out Tu rk e a nd I a y the p l a ha v b i by y, t ly n r reta ine d th e i s la nds th roughou t th e B a lk a n W a rs a nd the Europea W a .

T ere es e is lands and t es e a one c ou d not be redeem ed the h by , th , h l , l by W r the d na s c r a s on s of S a t Greek Na vy in th e ﬁ rs t B alka n w a r. ha te v e y ti e t e w hic h ren dered it un de s ira ble tha t Tu rk ey s hou ld eff ec tively eva cua te Cyren a ic a a nd u s reo en the u es ion of the D odecanese t e a e a s ed u te , th p q t , h y h v l p t rly, s inc e Ita ly re nou n c ed the Triple Allian c e a nd th e p ro - Tu rkis h p olicy of the G erm a ns a nd a ll s u c con s d e a ions a re dea d s in ce the n e o a ions f or the h i r t , g ti t peac e a fte r the grea t w a r a re a c knowledge d to be c onducted on na tiona l lines of t ou a n d not of s ra e c or im er a li s tic a n ne xa onis m . h ght , t t gi p i ti

Th e s u bs tan c e of the Treaty of La u s anne is u na s s a ilable ; Tripolita ni a a nd Cyrena ica ca n n e ve r be retu rned to Tu rki s h m is rule ; b u t it w ill be a noth er e vil prec edent if the c la us e relating to the D odecanese be rega rded a s u e T l a nother s crap of pa per . Sho ld th ere b any urkis h regu a r forc es in the — form er region th e re reta in ed e ver s in c e 19 11 a s uppos ition w hic h n eeds — dem on s tration by the degree of the Allia nc e of the fre e nations thes e ha ve to

s u ende to the I a ia n a rm of oc c u a i on . I s o the G reek s an ds re e rt rr r t l y p t f , i l v to Tu ke or s inc e t h e Tu rk s E m i e is a dea d to its e xec u ors the r y , i h p r h ppily , t , E nten e wh o m u s in a cc orda nc e w the s r t a nd et e of e r bond a s si n t , t , ith pi i l t r th i , g em t th m t er nd f th o e o h la O G reec e .

37 WHITE BOOK .

TH E DODE CANESE .

RE SOLUTION S AND DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE DODECANE SE .

- 1912 1919.

the e oo a es a e a o re ace f or the s or ca in In Whit B k p g , ft r s h rt p f hi t i l s c o o f the e a d e e e are set o the e isc e s o f the D o de tru ti n r r, th r f rth pl b it cane s ian s c a e een e e a e d s m t e d to the u o e a , whi h h v b r p t ly ub it E r p n o e nmen s an d'the e d a es o f m e ca a nd W c e the G v r t Unit St t A ri , by hi h th y ( . Dodecane s a s d ec are e ore Go d a nd men a e a re ee s an d i n ) l b f th t th y Gr k , not n eek s and a fo r cen es e a e c e s ed one hi g but Gr , th t turi th y h v h ri h but — n a ti ona l a s pira tion union with Mother Greece . e o o w a ll the d oc e s o f the Do dec a es an s c o e N xt f ll um nt n i , whi h pr v ha a t the mo s c ca a e o f the w a r a t a me e the e a i ' t t t riti l ph s , ti wh n G rm n a m w a s a o s e o e the a s o f a s e not o c r y lm t b f r w ll P ri , th y , kn wing in whi h d ect o n the sca e s o f war o ld ca e o ar d o f e s a s ir i l w u turn, m f rw full nthu i m the m om en reece o s ed an d e ea ed a n d e s s e a e d to t G m bili , r p t ly p r i t ntly sk be a o ed to en s an d to the s d e o f the es f or the ll w li t, ﬁght by i Alli freedo m o f n ation s an d fo r civilis atio n . Fin a lly a re given copie s o f the m emor ia l s s ubm itte d by the repre senta tive s o f the D o decan es a s to e ce e c e s e s d e son i n th ir Ex ll n i Pr i nt Wil , C e a e o d eo e me s e o f ea a Geo . e ce Ll y G rg , Pri Mini t r Gr t Brit in , l m n u , Prim f ' n s e o r a ce and . . a ou s o e n s e a s e Mi i t r F n , A J B l f r, Briti h F r ign Mi i t r, w ll a s the re plies rece ive d from them .

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