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53082-001: Ebeye Solid Waste Management

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53082-001: Ebeye Solid Waste Management Ebeye Solid Waste Management Project (RRP RMI 53082) Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 53082-001 September 2020 Republic of the Marshall Islands: Ebeye Solid Waste Management Project Prepared by the Ministry of Works, Infrastructure, and Utilities (MWIU) for the Asian Development Bank. The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s, Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ABBREVIATIONS 3R – Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (waste management hierarchy) ADB – Asian Development Bank AFD – French Development Agency (“Agence française de développement”) APC – Air Pollution Control CBO – Community Based Organization CDL – Container Deposit Legislation CEMS – Continuous Emission Monitoring System CEMP – Construction Environmental Management Plan CO2-eq. – Carbon Dioxide equivalents dscm – Dry Standard Cubic Meter EIA – Environmental Impact assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan EPA – Environmental Protection Authority (RMI) EPR – Extended Producer Responsibility ENSO – El Niño Southern Oscillation ESWMP – Ebeye Solid Waste Management Project ETOSS – Engineering, Technical and Operational Support Services (US Army) GDP – Gross Domestic Product GEF-PAS – Global Environment Fund - Pacific Alliance for Sustainability GHG – Greenhouse Gases GRM – Grievance Redress Mechanism HSP – Health and Safety Plan HCW – Healthcare Waste HCWM – Healthcare Waste Management IEE – Initial Environmental Examination J-PRISM – Japanese - Promotion of Regional Initiatives on Solid Waste Management in the Pacific Island Countries JICA – Japan International Cooperation Agency KADA – Kwajalein Atoll Development Authority KAJUR – Kwajalein Atoll Joint Utilities Resources Inc. KALG – Kwajalein Atoll Local Government MAWC – Majuro Atoll Waste Company MEC – Marshalls Energy Company Inc. mg – Milligram MSW – Municipal Solid Waste MWIU – Ministry of Works, Infrastructure and Utilities, RMI NDC – Nationally Determined Contribution NEPA – National Environmental Protection Act 1984 ng – nanogram NGO – Non-Governmental Organization O&M – Operation & Maintenance OH&S – Occupational Health and Safety PacWaste – Pacific Hazardous Waste Management Project (SPREP) PMU – Project Management Unit POP – Persistent Organic Pollutant PPE – Personal Protective Equipment ii ppmv – Part Per Million by Volume PRF – Project Readiness Financing RDF – Refuse Derived Fuel RMI – Republic of the Marshall Islands RP – Resettlement Plan SCC – Secondary Combustion Chamber SPC – Secretariat of the Pacific Community SPREP – Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Program SPS – Safeguards Policy Statement, 2009 SWM – Solid Waste Management tpd (or tpy) – Tonnes per day (or year) USEPA – United States Environmental Protection Agency WHO – World Health Organization WMO – Waste Management Officer WtE – Waste to Energy WEIGHTS AND MEASURES dB – decibels ha – hectare km – kilometer km2 – square kilometer m – meter 2 m – square meter 3 m – cubic meter m3/d – cubic meters per day m3/s – cubic meters per second mg/m3 – milligrams per cubic meter mg/dscm – milligrams per dry standard cubic meter mm – millimeter ppmv – part per million by volume. % – percentage iii CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................ 5 I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 8 A. Background and rationale ............................................................................................................... 9 II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................................... 12 A. Landfill closure operations ............................................................................................................. 13 B. Thermal treatment and disposal of residues ................................................................................. 14 1. Waste quantity and characteristics................................................................................................ 15 2. Site layout and preparation ........................................................................................................... 15 3. Waste reception and Feed system ................................................................................................ 17 4. The Thermal Plant ......................................................................................................................... 17 III. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATION FRAMEWORK ........................................................................ 28 A. National and Local Legal Framework ............................................................................................ 28 1. National Environmental Framework .............................................................................................. 28 2. International Conventions and Treaties ........................................................................................ 29 3. ADB Safeguard Policy ................................................................................................................... 30 IV. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................................... 31 A. Physical Environment .................................................................................................................... 31 1. Climate .......................................................................................................................................... 31 2. Climate Change ............................................................................................................................. 31 3. Geology and Geomorphology ....................................................................................................... 35 4. Soils ............................................................................................................................................... 36 5. Freshwater Resources .................................................................................................................. 36 6. Marine Water Quality ..................................................................................................................... 36 7. Air Quality ...................................................................................................................................... 36 B. Ecological Environment ................................................................................................................. 36 1. Terrestrial Flora and Fauna ........................................................................................................... 36 2. Marine Flora and Fauna ................................................................................................................ 37 3. Threatened, Rare, or Protected Species ....................................................................................... 37 C. Social Environment ....................................................................................................................... 37 4. Socioeconomic Environment ......................................................................................................... 37 5. Population ...................................................................................................................................... 38 6. Ethnography .................................................................................................................................. 39 vii 7. Land Ownership and Use .............................................................................................................. 39 8. Education ....................................................................................................................................... 39 9. Poverty .......................................................................................................................................... 40 10. Cultural and Traditional Features .................................................................................................. 40 11. Noise ............................................................................................................................................. 40 12. Traffic ............................................................................................................................................. 41 13. Public Health ................................................................................................................................. 41 V. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................................ 44 A. No Project Alternative ...................................................................................................................
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