KEYS TO THE SELECTION OF A BAZHEN WELL SYSTEM years 10 [6] 2017

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-VISCOSITY OIL RESERVES

Included in the list of VAС

Focus on Oil and gas industry epochs 6 Geological and economic Chronograph 49 evaluation of oil and gas HRR RUSSIA main The equipment of national resources importance. Drilling rigs for A Dangerous Security Strategy 8 offshore drilling will be created in Russia 50 Focus on HRR 10

MARKET Events 12 10 Geological and economic FIRST LINE evaluation of oil and gas resources as a basis for Keys to the Keys to the bazhen 14 54 increasing the efficiency bazhen of geological exploration 54 DRILLING Information monitoring of well drilling and geological HUMAN RESOURCES Continuous improvements: from 14 theory to practice 20 exploration Efficiency of social technologies. SSC: Target is Continuity 64 CONTENT Special section Classifier 67

GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION 30-stage breakthrough PRODUCTION 68 Information monitoring 30-stage breakthrough 24 of well drilling and geological exploration 68 Event calendar 27 Increase in oil recovery factor in terms of new OIL RELATED SERVICES Innovative technologies for development of high-viscosity achievements of the Increase in oil recovery oil reserves 28 academic science 70 factor in terms of new 24 achievements of the academic science 70 EQUIPMENT Innovative technologies Risk management Estimation of complex ECOLOGY for development of high- spatial structures of petrochemical of soil and water viscosity oil reserves equipment for seismic load pollution during Risk management of soil using direct dynamic analysis 36 and water pollution during oil oil production production and transport 74 Russia in titles 39 and transport

Uniting for common goals 40 Neftegaz 78 Uralmash OGE Holding: we have long been Ready for 28 Exploration of Eastern Siberia 42 74 Quotes 80 OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY EPOCHS

753 years ago Publishing house Neftegaz.RU In 1264 the Italian traveler Marco Polo, while traveling through the territory of modern Azerbaijan, said that local residents collected oil leaking from the earth. EDITORIAL OFFICE

Chief Editor Editorial board Svetlana Vyazemskaya Ampilov Yu.P. Galiulin R.V. 517 years ago Commissioning Editor Anna Pavlikhina Gritsenko A.I. In 1500 the well drilled in Krasnodar region was the first in Danilov A.M. Russia to start flowing. Editor Danilov-Danilyan V.I. Anastasia Nikitina Makarov A.A.A. Leading analyst Mastepanov.Salygin V.I. Artur Gaiger Tretyak A.Ya. 168 years ago Journalists In 1849, commercial production of oil was started in the Anna Ignatyeva USSR on the Cheleken peninsula on the territory of today’s Tatiana Abramova Turkmenistan. Elena Alifirova Olga Tsyganova

Design and proof-page Elena Valetova

131 years ago Proofreader Victor Blokhin In 1886 the first world’s massive fire on oil mines occurred in Baku.

Publisher: Information agency LLC 112 years ago

In 1905 the first in the world’s history large fire occured in Baku Director Representative in EU on the oil field. Bakhtina Olga Viktoriya Gaiger

Advertising department Account manager Dmitry Averyanov Anton Borodin 99 years ago Olga Ivanova Exhibitions, conferences, Kirill Boltaev In 1918, Soviet Russia caused a precedent for the distribution Valentina Gorbunova Tatiana Petrova nationalization of oil companies. Olga Shcherbakova Ivan Morozov Olga Yushchenko Elizaveta Kobtseva Technical support service [email protected] 97 years ago Sergei Pribytkin Tel: +7 (495) 650-14-82 Aleksey Brodsky In the 1920s, the first major ecological disaster took place on an oil platform near the California coast.

Business Magazine Editorial address: Neftegaz.RU 127006, Moscow, registered with the ul. Tverskaya, 18, Federal Service for 85 years ago Building 1, of. 812 Supervision in the In 1932, oil deposits were discovered in Bahrain. Sphere of Mass Tel. (495) 650-14-82, Communications and 694-39-24 Protection www.neftegaz.ru of Cultural Heritage e-mail: [email protected] in 2007, the certificate 61 years ago of registration Subscription index PI №FS77-46285 MAP11407 In 1956, the Suez crisis erupted. After the invasion of Anglo- Reproduction of materials from Neftegaz.RU is impossible without the written French troops in Egypt, the world oil prices doubled. permission of the editor-in-chief. The editors are not responsible for the reliability of information published in advertisements, as well as for political, technological, economic and legal forecasts provided by analysts. The responsibility for investment decisions made after reading the magazine, borne by the investor. 42 years ago In 1975, the US Congress decided to create a strategic oil reserve in the country to reduce the dependence of the Printed in the printing house "MEDIACOLOR" economy on export oil in the future. Reserves of 700 million barrels of oil are stored in deep caves. Claimed circulation ADS 8,000 copies RUSSIA RUSSIA main main

Vladimir Putin has approved the strategy of Russia’s One of the global threats is Interstate economic Russia has no access to foreign economic security the desire of developed associations are created technologies countries to use their without Russia’s technologies as a participation competition instrument

the strategy of economic security – they must set in within the A DANGEROUS limits of the power mentality. In addition, the strategy provides for the improvement of SECURITY STRATEGY the response mechanism in the case of Western sanctions. Nevertheless, it does not provide for the development of measures that would help to avoid these sanctions. Anna Pavlikhina Also, the Strategy mentions a danger associated with the restriction of the access to modern technologies. It is difficult to argue, but it is necessary to paraphrase: the danger is not the In the middle of May, Vladimir Putin approved the strategy of restricted access to foreign technologies, but the absence of own Russia’s economic security for the period until 2030. technologies. It seems that this way the formulated problem will The purpose of the document is to prevent crisis phenomena in change the ways of finding a solution, it is one thing to struggle resource, industrial, scientific, technological, and financial spheres, for the access to foreign technologies, the other is to create as well as to improve the citizens’ living standards. The goal is one’s own. But for this end it is necessary to create conditions, decent, and what is most important – it is understandable and to invest, to train specialists. At the traditional business breakfast logical. One can say that it is the only necessary goal considering of Sberbank of Russia G. Gref called “a barbed wire” a condition the existing facts of life. The questions are triggered by another for the growth of the intellectual economy and noted that “all the issue, namely by the ways of achievement of this goal by the largest companies grow up in Russian abroad, the application- country. These ways are determined by the problems of the state oriented solutions have been fulfilled abroad”, because “it was policy, as well as by “external and internal threats”. uncomfortable here”. Along with the changes at the world trade and financial markets, By the way, one more threat is the lack of labor resources. the creators of the document consider think that the main threat According to the Russian Federal State Statistics Service, at the is the desire of developed countries to use their advantages, end of 2016, more than 4 million people of working age in Russia including information technology, as a tool for global competition. have never worked anywhere. This, for instance, is like the sum Then a question arises immediately: why the conditions of healthy of the populations of Libya, Estonia, Kuwait and Bahrain. If we are competition, without which the market cannot exist, are interpreted talking not just about labor resources, but about highly qualified as a threat. The competitive spirit has always been the basis of specialists, who can be called “craftwork goods”, then here we progressive development, and the availability of technologies and rest again on the absence of conditions in which this “product” can advantages of competitors should be considered as a challenge be manufactured (we already wrote about an incomprehensible rather than a threat, as an incentive to one’s own development. reform of the universities union, as a result of which the unique institutions practically disappeared, about the curtailment of Simultaneously, the enhancement of sovereignty was identified foreign grants, not to mention the underfunding of science). as one of the first tasks in the list of state policy objectives. If sovereignty is viewed as some kind of autonomy, then certainly it In response to the fears of the authors of the Strategy that the is needed in terms of the availability of strategic plants. However, export-raw material model is becoming obsolete, we would like this formulation of the problem raises fears of further isolation to assure them of the opposite: the sooner this model becomes from the rest of the world – including the isolation of the economic, inefficient, the faster the country will begin to develop high-tech, social and, above all, the scientific space that has long existed as knowledge-intensive industries. At the St. Petersburg International an international one. Economic Forum that took place in June, R.P. Tillerson said: “People who say that we need to give up fossil fuels, in fact, The processes of globalization link different aspects of the life just do not believe in technology”. of states according to the principles of the membrane theory, it is impossible to exist in isolation. Realizing this, the authors of In general, there is a feeling that the focus of the document is not the concept mark one of the “threats” that requires the greatest the improvement of economic and political mechanisms, not the attention: the creation of interstate economic associations without development of own productions and science, but gaining the the participation of the Russian Federation. Obviously, it is possible access to others’ expertise. The danger of such a strategy is that it to correct this situation only by changing the behavior on the does not alter the existing approach to the changed conditions, but international stage, and for this, changes must begin far beyond only the methods of maneuvering in an already outdated system.

8 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 9 RUSSIA main ADS FOCUS Neftegaz.RU ratings

Gazprom oil and Halliburton, Rosgeologiya and Copelouzos ON HRR Group, Rosneft and ExxonMobil – even major companies cooperate to perform joint surveys in the field of geological Elena Alifirova prospecting. What country can become the major partner of Russia in the field of geological prospecting of resources?

Scientists of the Institute of Oil Geology and What Country Should Russia Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Consider to Be Its Main Partner Academy of Sciences have completed work Regarding Geological Prospecting? on a draft strategy for the development of the mineral resource base of Russia until 2030, which 33 % indicates the most optimal directions for the Norway, as major reserves are concentrated in the search for hydrocarbons. northern shelf and Norwegian companies have the According to Professor L. Eder, unconventional most extensive experience in the region reserves of hydrocarbons will be the main source of the growth of Russia’s reserves. Work on 9 % the strategy for the development of the mineral USA, as American companies are equipped with the most research-intensive technologies resource base of the Russian Federation until 2030 has almost been completed. Now scientists 10 % are waiting for expert opinions of the main China, as it is a strategic partner in major oil and specialized organizations to submit the strategy gas projects to the government of the Russian Federation. According to the scientists IOGG SB RAS, today 48 % in Russia there are weakly explored territories, Russian companies need no partners, we will explore which in the future will help to increase the our wealth independently mineral and raw materials base of the Russian Federation. In East Siberia – this is the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Today, leading Russian companies perform in prospecting the Republic of Sakha, the Irkutsk Region, and the and development of large hydrocarbon fields in Iran under North Tunguska Province – these are areas where contracts signed before. Zarubezhgeologiya, which is a part of Rosgeology, completed the first stage of works on creation there has not been exploratory drilling yet. of the central laboratory base in Sudan. And Rosgeology and Another strategy’s direction will be geophysical JOGMEC (Japan) intend to implement joint projects in the surveys on the shelves of the Arctic seas, field of prospecting. So why do Russian companies perform where large hydrocarbon reserves are likely geological prospecting abroad? to be discovered. The strategy consists of several blocks, one of which is hard-to-recover Why Do Russian Companies Perform oil reserves. The scientists refer to them the Bazhenov formation and its analogues – the Geological Prospecting of Resources Domanic and Khadumsk formations in the Abroad? European part of Russia, the Kuonam formation on the Siberian platform. 9 % According to scientists, it is HRR that will provide The entire territory of Russia has been explored the main increase in hydrocarbon reserves in the already long-term perspective. According to Rosnedra 56 % (Federal Agency for Subsoil Usage), the degree of depletion of explored reserves in Russia The Russian school is one the top world schools and foreign companies request for assistance reaches 55%, the degree of exploration of initial total resources is 46%. And the share of HRRs is 6 % steadily growing due to preferential development Russian companies possess the best technologies for of easily recoverable reserves. Only about 12 geological prospecting of resources billion tons or 66% of the total balance reserves of oil of A+B+C1 category, which in Russia exceed 29 % 18 billion tons, are referred to the HRR category. In Russia, major companies do not outsource Without HRR involvement in the development, it prospecting works will be practically impossible to keep the achieved level of production after 2020.

10 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] EVENTS EVENTS

Presidential elections NGL: to be or not to be Oil prices Duty abolition Nord Stream built Reached his hands up in the Arctic Stock market crash Increase in production capacity Gas wars The second wave of crisis Gas prices Nord Stream The new head of “Rosneft” Russia has joined the WTO Launch of new production Boguchany HPP launched Stock market crash Reserves grow faster than Gazprom returns to the production Kara Sea As of December 31, 2016, the In the village of Yar-Sale, public explored reserves of Gazprom hearings were held on the natural gas of categories A+B1+C1 materials of the work program for according to the Russian engineering surveys at exploration classification are 36.4 trillion well No. 3 of the Rusanovskoye m3, which is 72% of Russian gas condensate field in the Kara reserves or about 17% of world Sea. During the hearings, Gazprom reserves. Moreover, Gazprom geologorazvedka, Gazprom's annually conducts an independent subsidiary, presented the sequence, assessment of the raw material technology and volumes of base according to the international engineering surveys at the facility. standards. In 2016, DeGolyer and The site under exploration is located MacNaughton conducted an audit in the southwestern part of the Kara of 95.4% of gas reserves, 93.5% of Sea, its remoteness from the port gas condensate and 93.3% of oil of Sabetta is 450 km. In the end the participants of hearings approved of A+B1+C1 categories according Rosgeologiya) began collecting, The main goal of the research is the presented work program, Gazprom Neft Develops to PRMS standards. Proved and analyzing and generalizing updating of representations about probable reserves of hydrocarbons including data on environmental New Assets in YaNAO 2016, the recoverable reserves in geophysical and geological the features of the structure of the of the Gazprom Group amounted impact assessment. At the next the field are estimated as follows: materials for the northern shelf foundation and the sedimentary Gazprom Neft enlarged its to 23.9 trillion cubic meters of stage, the project will be sent to oil in the amount of 72 million tons, and adjacent continental and mantle of potentially oil and gas acquisitions in Yamal-Nenets gas, 1018.9 million tons of gas the state environmental expertise. condensate – 4.6 million tons, free deep-sea zones of the Black Sea bearing sedimentary basins of the Autonomous Okrug with new condensate and 1378.7 million The customer of the project is gas – 183.3 billion cubic meters. The basin. According to the company’s Russian and foreign regions of assets received from Gazprom: tons of oil. In 2016, according Gazprom geologorazvedka, and field has been in operation since information, this is done to update the Azov-Black Sea water area, the company received the right to the results of geological the developer is the Marine Arctic 1971, it is likely that the gas amount the structural and geological model including the areas of articulation to develop the Tazovskoye and exploration, the increase in Geological Exploration Expedition. is depleting, and it is beneficial to of the Azov-Black Sea basin and of the southern part of the East Severo-Samburskoye deposits. Gazprom's gas reserves in Russia The explored and previously concentrate on oil. to clarify the prospects of its oil European Platform, the Scythian amounted to 457.4 billion cubic estimated reserves in the ABC1+C2 The license for the first deposit is and gas potential. The research, plate, folded orogenic structures In 2016, on the cluster of wells meters. category are 779 billion cubic issued for a period till 2025, for the which begun in 2017, is planned of the Black Sea lacune and its No.1, which was arranged in 1998, meters of gas and 7.8 million tons second deposit – till 2027. The main increase in gas to be completed by the end of the deep-water part. which includes one oil well drilled of gas condensate. The gas of the reserves in 2016 was obtained year. The work is carried out at The Tazovskoye oil and gas for monitoring, and 3 producing gas Rusanovskoye gas condensate field Based on the results of the work, at Yuzhno-Kirinskoye (187.9 the initiative of the enterprise. After condensate field (OGCF) is located wells, only one gas well was used to is methane, sulfur-free. Soyuzmorgeo hopes to obtain billion cubic meters), Kovykta receiving the data, the company 500 km northeast of Salekhard. supply gas to the villages of Gaz- a balanced unified structural (138.2 billion cubic meters) and Gazprom within its shelf program expects to involve interested Sale and Tazovsky, the remaining and historical & geological As early as in the beginning of 2016 Chayandinskoye (86.6 billion cubic sets the priorities for the territories subsoil user customers for further two were in reserve. model of the entire region and in the village of Tazovsky, Gazprom meters) deposits. The volume of adjacent to Yamal: incl. Rusanovskiy implementation of geological its basin structure that will help dobycha Yamburg carried out public In the 1st quarter of 2017, Gazprom gas produced by Gazprom in 2016 and Leningradsky (gas reserves of 3 exploration projects in this territory. in future to simulate hydrocarbon hearings on the arrangement of the Neft, having received the operator amounted to 419.1 billion cubic trillion cubic meters) subsoil areas. It was in 2016 when Rosgeologiya systems in the territory, to oil rim of the Cenomanian deposit of status, re-tested two wells and meters. spoke about the necessity to clarify the prospects of oil and the Tazovskoye OGCF. began preparation for cluster drilling. explore the Russian shelf and Thus, the gas reserves gas potential for productive Rosgeologiya will attract continental waters. Then Gazprom planned to drill 9 The Severo-Samburgsky license replacement ratio in relation to subsoil users to the Azov- and potentially productive Then the corporation announced Mesozoic-Cenozoic deposit producing and 3 injection wells area is located in the Purovsky production volumes was 1.1. Black Sea basin by 2018. Oil in the Tazovskoye District, 100 km north of Novy Gazprom has been providing its intention to conduct a series of complexes, and to determine OGCF is referred to hard-to-recover Urengoy. Previously, this subsoil exceeding the growth in natural To study the prospects of the oil and works in order to form the mineral what geological exploration and reserves – heavy, high-viscosity, area was developed by Gazprom gas reserves over its production gas potential of the Azovo-Black resource base of the Russian in what areas should be carried but low-sulfur oil. As of January 1, dobycha Urengoy. for 12 consecutive years. Sea basin, Soyuzmorgeo (part of Federation. out first of all.

12 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 13 FIRST LINE Neftegaz.RU # 6/2017 ACCENT ACCENT THE BAZHENOV FORMATION (THE HORIZON OF ROCKS FOUND ALMOST THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE WEST SIBERIA, AS WELL AS IN OTHER REGIONS OF RUSSIA AT DEPTHS OF 2-3 KM) BELONGS TO THE CATEGORY OF NON- TRADITIONAL RESERVES, ITS DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA TODAY IS AT THE STAGE OF SELECTING TECHNOLOGICAL BUSINESS - BUSINESS - SOLUTIONS. ACCORDING TO OPTIMISTIC FORECASTS OF GEOLOGISTS, OIL RESOURCES IN THE RESERVOIRS OF THE BAZHENOV FORMATION ONLY ON THE TERRITORY OF WEST SIBERIA CAN AMOUNT TO UP TO 100-170 KEYS TO THE BILLION TONS. THE DEPOSITS ARE DISTRIBUTED OVER AN AREA OF ABOUT 1 MILLION SQUARE KILOMETERS, WITH A THICKNESS OF 10 TO 100 M. IF TO PUT BAZHENOV DEPOSITS INTO INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, THEY CAN BECOME THE "SECOND STAGE" FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADITIONAL RESERVES OF THE MAIN RUSSIAN OIL AND GAS PROVINCE. BUT UNLIKE THE SO-CALLED GREENFIELDS – NEW DEPOSITS IN NEW REGIONS – IN CASE OF WEST SIBERIA, THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BAZHENOV FORMATION WILL NOT REQUIRE THE CREATION OF BAZHEN INFRASTRUCTURE FROM SCRATCH Resource base Today, the subsidiary of the leading FACTS domestic company develops eight Gazprom Neft has been exploring the Bazhenov GAZPROM NEFT LAUNCHES deposits, daily production at which formation for several years and has made significant exceeds 41.5 thousand tons of oil progress in developing technologies for exploring equivalent. The company's tasks and extracting oil from this formation. In particular, include geological exploration and significant results were obtained by the subsidiary A NATIONAL PROJECT ON THE In exploitation of deposits located in of Gazprom Neft – Gazpromneft-Khantos, at the 2016 the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Palyanovskaya area of the Krasnoleninskoye field in a subsidiary of Gazpromneft- Okrug and the Tyumen Region: The the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Khantos has implemented a full cycle of development of Southern licensed territory of the DEVELOPMENT OF THE HRR Thus, in 2016, a subsidiary of VINK has the Bazhenov formation Priobskoye field, Krasnoleninskaya implemented the full cycle of development of the area of the Palyanovskoye field, Bazhenov formation on the Palyanovskaya area Yuzhnoye, Orekhovo-Ermakovskoe, of the Krasnoleninskoye field in Khanty-Mansi Zimneye, Yuzhno-Kinyaminskoe, Maria Kutuzova Autonomous Okrug: Two high-technology horizontal Zapadno-Zimneye, Maloyuganskoye wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing of the 80 % deposits. formation were drilled and an industrial inflow of of oil production In order to fulfill the plans of 45 tons of oil per day was obtained. Accumulated extent are provided increased oil production Gazptom production from these wells reached 10 thousand by the largest deposit of Gazpromneft-Khantos – Neft intensively cooperates with oil tons, which allowed to confirm the technological Yuzhno-Priobskoye services contractors. efficiency of the basic technology, adapted for the Bazhenov formation. For several years now Gazpromneft- Khantos has been contracting with This year, Gazpromneft-Khantos plans to carry out Siberian Service Company (SSC). a well test at the Salym field to assess the geometry of hydraulic fracturing cracks and to construct a billion Choosing of JSC SSC is quiet 1.6 obvious. For many years now, geomechanical model that will determine the optimal tons of oil constitute design of a horizontal well with multi-stage fracturing. the geological reserves the SSC company effectively has of the South Priobskoye rendered complete services of “Gazpromneft-Khantos was established in 2005 and field geological support of drilling, testing, is one of the main producing assets of the largest liquidation and conservation of wells. Russian Vertically Integrated Oil Company (VINK) – JSK SSC not only ensures obtaining «Gazprom Neft». At the beginning of April 2017, detailed geological structure of the Gazpromneft-Khantos produced 130 million tons lands with finding promising blocks of oil since the company was founded. “Achieving but producing gushing oils as well. a milestone in extraction is an indicator of effective SSC company has been repeatedly development of the company's assets. Thanks awarded for its conscientious work in to the implementation of innovations and modern geological industry of Russia. technologies in the field of field development, Gazpromneft-Khantos has a leading position on the Chief Geologist of Tomsk branch rate of production growth in the region. The staff of SSC Mrs. T. Telnova was of the enterprise successfully contributes to the awarded with the Certificate of achievement of the strategic goal of Gazprom Neft Honor. This way the Government – 100 million tons of oil equivalent by 2020”, says acknowledged her long-term activity Sergey Doktor, Director General of Gazpromneft- and professional management of Khantos. tests which resulted in gushing oil

14 15 FIRST LINE Neftegaz.RU # 6/2017 ACCENT ACCENT wells in Tyumen and Ust-Balyk oil fields in Khanty- effective methods of working with area, a unique technology for the domestic oil science and talented scientists. Mansiyskiy Autonomous Region. FACTS this category of hydrocarbons,” industry was tested which consisted in cementing FACTS The oil industry collects the best says Vadim Yakovlev, First Deputy of the horizontal well shaft with elastic cements students and the best graduates. More than 80% of the oil production is provided General Director of Gazprom Neft. with a rotation of the tail joint. This technology For today in general there is

by the largest field of the enterprise – Yuzhno- BUSINESS - BUSINESS - The main task that the company provides a qualitative separation of stages in no such concept, as scarcity of Priobskoye, where the milestone of 100 million tons faces is to reduce to the maximum multi-stage fracturing. The following technologies talents", – notes Vashkevich. of oil was recently completed from the beginning tons the cost of developing the bazhen. to create a branched crack system were applied: of industrial operation. The geological reserves of 45 130 Thanks to a close partnership Plug & Perf finishing, SlickWater high-speed the field are 1.6 billion tons of oil, 465 million tons of oil per day is an As it was explained in the company, millionth ton with the country's leading industrial inflow injection technology, as well as hybrid fracturing of oil was produced in April of which are initial recoverable reserves. However, in 2014, Gazprom Neft approved a research institutes, during the of 2 wells of the optimized for the Bazhenov formation. In addition, 2017 by Gazpromneft- deposits of the field are characterized by a complex Palyanovskaya area strategy for developing a resource Khantos since the company implementation of the national a new method patented by Gazprom Neft was was founded structure and low filtration and capacitance base for unconventional sources of project, it is planned to create used for exploration of hydrocarbon deposits properties. The main part of residual reserves are hydrocarbons. The strategic goal Russian technologies for the in unconventional reservoirs of the Bazhenov referred to hard-to-recover reserves. for extraction from the Bazhenov construction of horizontal wells with formation, and a domestic software package has formation is estimated at 2.5 million multi-stage fracturing, optimized To develop such reserves, technologies and been developed to determine the optimal system tons per year by 2025. Within for the mining and geological technical solutions are needed that will allow to of multi-stage fracturing cracks in the development In the framework of the strategy for conditions of the Bazhenov develop them on an industrial scale in a profitable 2005 million of non-traditional reserves (the ROST calculation one of the main 465 the development of the resource tons constitute the formation, and to develop methods way. production assets module). recoverable reserves of the for developing light oil reserves of Gazprom base, a portfolio of projects for South Priobskoye field To build the wells the experienced contractors are Neft- Gazpromneft- the development of the Bazhenov from shale rock formations with needed with Siberian Service Company among Khantos was formation in the perimeter of National project help of thermochemical stimulation established them. It was SSC company which was entrusted to Gazprom Neft’s operating assets In May this year, the Russian Energy Ministry techniques. In case of successful perform directional drilling of production oils wells in and new exploration projects on approved the application of Gazprom Neft and implementation of all the created Yuzhno-Priobskoye oil field. the territory of KhMAO and Yamal assigned the status of the national project to the technologies, according to the were created between 2014 and In strategy development of the In 2014 Gazprom Neft started the analysis of project of "Creation of a complex of domestic 2014 2016”. “17 wells were drilled in resource base for non-traditional geophysical data, specialized investigations of technologies and high-tech equipment for the the first industrial inflow two pilot sites in Palyanovskoye development of reserves of the Bazhenov of oil was received at the sources of hydrocarbons approved core and repeated interpretation of the data of Palyanovskaya area of the (KhMAO) and Vyngayakhinskoye by Gazprom Neft, the target level 3D seismic survey in Bazhenov-Abalak suite of formation". Within the framework of the national Krasnoleninsk deposit fields (YaNAO), 617 m of core of production of the VINK from the Yuzhno-Priobskoye oil field. Based on the results project, it is planned to develop and to implement samples were sampled and deposits of the Bazhenov formation of these studies 11 directional wells were drilled to technologies for exploration of oil and gas in 2025 may be about 2.5 million estimate the potential of non-traditional resources, explored, specialized studies bearing Bazhenov deposits based on domestic tons per year. hydraulic fracturing was performed, oil inflows were and an expanded program were methods of seismic, magnetic, gravity prospecting carried out for experimental and obtained. and specialized core sample research, as well m According to Kirill Strizhnev, the field work aimed at exploring the as geological and hydrodynamic modeling of 617 head of the Bazhen design office Gazpromneft-Khantos adapts and implements of core was selected Bazhenov formation. The results reservoirs. of Gazprom Neft, the replication innovative methods of hydrocarbon production, confirmed the resource base of and examined at the The national project will be implemented in Palyanovsky and (widespread use) of technologies applies the best practices in the field of working the Bazhenov formation and the Vyngayakhinsky pilot the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug on can lead to making them cheaper. with HRR. In 2016, at the Yuzhno-Priobskoye technological efficiency of the basic sites the territory of the Palyanovskaya area of So, in the United States, 7-8 field it was for the first time in Russia that a technology – multi-stage hydraulic the Krasnoleninskoye field. The main task of years ago, the average price of 30-stage hydraulic fracturing of the reservoir fracturing, carried out in two high- the project is the creation of at least 15 new a well for the development of was successfully carried out using the "ball-free" technology horizontal wells. The technologies for the development of the Bazhenov shale reserves was $ 12 million, technology. In the future, the method will not structure of these wells and the formation, including several areas, including new now this figure has dropped three only reduce the costs, but will also provide the design of hydraulic fracturing have equipment and software. Among the partners times, to about $ 4 million. In the opportunity to re-stimulate horizontal wells. been adapted to the conditions of of Gazprom Neft in this project are engineering case of the Bazhenov formation, the Bazhenov formation. During Since 2013, the company has actively been center MFTI, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Russian companies will have to go the development, an inflow of 45 working with unconventional hydrocarbon reserves. Technology, Moscow State University, RSU named their own way from the creation of tons of oil per day was achieved. In 2014, the first industrial oil inflow was obtained after Gubkin, MSTU named after Bauman. technological solutions and testing at the Palyanovskaya area of the Krasnoleninskoye Accumulated production from these thereof to the implementation field. Here in 2016, the technology of high-speed wells has now exceeded 10,000 According to Alexey Vashkevich, the head of the of domestic innovations on an fracturing on horizontal wells of the Bazhenov tonnes, was told in Gazprom Neft to Directorate for Exploration and Development of the industrial scale. It is necessary to formation was successfully applied. As a result our magazine. Resource Base, domestic companies are again find the optimal technical solutions ready to become not just "smart buyers" of services of using this approach to stimulating horizontal The tasks of development of that will make it possible to and equipment, but also "smart customers" of wells, the technical and economic feasibility of technologies for development of profitably develop these colossal new technologies. "Today, the Russian oil industry extracting non-traditional hydrocarbon reserves potential resources. the Bazhenov formation are being has the opportunity not only to be in the role of was confirmed. “As a part of its Technology solved within the framework of Strategy, Gazprom Neft is exploring the possibility catching-up, but in some key areas to become As noted by Strizhnev, the the Gazprom Neft’s Technology leaders in innovative development. We are starting national project of Gazprom of involving in the industrial development of non- Strategy, which allowed achieving a traditional reserves, the largest source of which in to develop technologies and I would not be Neft was supported by other oil qualitatively new technological level surprised if in a few years we announce that we producing and service companies. the territory of Russia is the Bazhenov formation. in 2015-2016. In the construction We conduct a consistent search for the most were the first in the world to find a solution for such In 2015 – 2016, the application of wells on the Palyanovskaya a task. In Russia we are proud of our fundamental passed a detailed expert

16 17 FIRST LINE

ACCENT examination in the relevant state departments the technological and scientific and Russian scientific centers. According to the FACTS potential of Gazprom Neft, company, a separate legal entity will be created as well as the experience of to develop each technology, which as a result will leading research centers, service

BUSINESS - become the owner of this technical solution or the companies and equipment owner of the know-how. Among the participants More manufacturers will allow the of these joint ventures within the national project than development of technologies there will be research organizations, external 41,5 for accurate localization of thousand tons of oil investors, oilfield service players and VINK. equivalent is the daily reserves, optimization of drilling, Currently, Gazprom Neft is negotiating with about production of eight and to study the efficiency of thirty equipment manufacturers and service Gazpromneft-Khantos fields thermochemical stimulation providers, discussing joint plans with leading being developed techniques. “Thanks to the Russian mining companies. It is planned to finish implementation of the planned the concept by the beginning of the autumn this projects, we plan to transfer the year, to create a plan for implementing the “road Bazhenov oil to the category map” and to sign the main documents necessary of reserves ready for industrial for the implementation of the national project. million development, which will be a new 2,5 impetus for the development of The established term of its implementation, during tons per year is the the entire Russian oil and gas which it is assumed to perform the basic research strategic target for extraction from the industry," Yakovlev says. works, covers the next four years so far (until Bazhenov formation 2021). Without a doubt, this is an ambitious task by 2025 Through a national-status project, for the Russian conditions. The total investment Gazprom Neft creates a venture sent to the project, according to Gazprom Neft, will site for the development of amount to 8.5 billion rubles, 7.5 billion rubles of technologies for the development which wil be invested by VINK itself. of the resources of the Bazhenov formation. The specialists of the A special license will be in effect on company perfectly understand Palyanovskaya area, which will make it possible to 15 new technologies that for the implementation of carry out a pilot development of reserves legally. for the development such an ambitious project VINK Up to 2021 it is planned to drill more than 50 of the Bazhenovskaya will not have enough their own wells. Already in 2022-2025 it is planned to move group is the goal of the national project forces and resources: It is not to the industrial implementation of technologies possible to solve a problem of and their replication for the domestic market such a level alone. The format and the transition to technological exports. of the national project will allow Gazprom Neft plans to drill even more than 50 its participants to apply for wells with hydraulic fracturing until 2027 and state support: as Gazprom Neft produce 7.5 million tons of Bazhenov oil in the suggests, such instruments can be next 10 years. System testing and development a big help as special investment of new domestic technologies is planned to be contracts, preferential financing carried out on the basis of the "HRR extraction and additional tax incentives. But technology development center", which Gazprom venture capital investments, as Neft together with the administration of KhMAO- a rule, have high risks, so joining Yugra is establishing in the Khanty-Mansiysk forces of several players, including Autonomous Okrug. the government, can significantly In order to attract investments from other mining reduce them. companies, there will be applied a mechanism of According to Gazprom Neft creation of a technology facility, in which several estimates, thanks to the oil companies will operate. Gazprom Neft is going consolidation of the efforts of to work in Palyanovskaya area in the framework of leading industry players, by the national project as an operator, and the testing 2025 the volume of Bazhenov facility will become an industry platform where oil production in Russia will any company will be able to test its technologies grow 10 times up to 10 million for the Bazhenov formation. Authorities of the tons per year (now it is about 1 Autonomous Okrug will act as a curator. According million tons), the company itself to the representatives of Gazprom Neft, in fact, will account for up to 2,5 million a new type of subsoil use is being created in the tons. Even taking into account form of a technology facility: a special-purpose the tax incentives, income to the license for technology development. budget (taxes and duties) from the ADS According to Yakovlev, the national project for development of the bazhen will the study of the Bazhenov formation, combining amount to 30 billion rubles.

18 DRILLING Neftegaz.RU # 6/2017 ACCENT ACCENT “LEANiYA” («ЛИНИЯ») PROJECT (AFTER ENGLISH WORD “LEAN”) WAS LAUNCHED IN GAZPROMNEFT- KHANTOS IN 2016. WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF IMPLEMENTATION OF LEAN MANUFACTURING PRINCIPLES,

A PROJECT OFFICE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT SYSTEM WAS CREATED IN THE UDC 377.4 COMPANY, THE SPECIALISTS OF WHICH TEACH NOT ONLY COLLEAGUES, BUT ALSO THE EMPLOYEES OF BUSINESS - BUSINESS - CONTINUOUS CONTRACTING ORGANIZATIONS THE INSTRUMENTS OF LEAN MANUFACTURING. THE EMPLOYEES OF SIBERIAN SERVICE COMPANY ARE ACTIVELY INVOLVED IN WORK. DENIS YURIEVICH KUKSGAUZEN, ACTING DIRECTOR OF THE GPNKH PROJECT OF THE DRILLING OPERATIONS SERVICE OF NEFTEYUGANSK BRANCH OF JSC “SSC”, TELLS ABOUT THE PROGRESS OF THE WORK AND ABOUT THE RESULTS, WHICH HAVE BEEN ACHIEVED IMPROVEMENTS: Keywords: Siberian service company, Gazpromneft-Khantos, drilling, lean manufacturing, tejpreet, drilling on paper.

– Denis Yuryevich tell us how the Gazpromneft – During the first stage, “drilling on Company started its participation with SSC in the FACTS paper” was a main instrument. Then FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE project of “Continuous improvements”? the company implemented some more projects, and finally now, it is – In December 2015, I participated as a representative combined in the project “System of our branch in conference on technical limit of continuous improvements”, (“Tejpreet”) held by the Gazpromneft Company in More Denis Yuryevich Kuksgowzen, lean manufacturing. The company Orenburg town with contractors involved in well sites than % Acting Director of the 90 invited people responsible for construction. Specifically from its asset in Orenburg, GPNKH project of all work on the implementation of the System of Services of drilling operations services Gazpromneft began to implement the project field is performed by contractors continuous improvements. Their “Tejpreet”. of Nefteyugansk branch of set of instruments is much more JSC “SSC” For implementation of this project in all its assets, "Drilling on paper" various. The representatives of SSC Gazpromneft invited a foreign company and after It is a technical limit completed training on implementing several months our partners from Gazpromneft- (tejpreet) instrument, when lean manufacturing instruments. analysis of construction of Khantos has already started the implementation in previous wells is carried out These were Drilling Foremen, Drilling their premises, surely, involving their contractors in and construction of further Manager, Project Director. the process. wells is planned – What changes happened on – What is the main purpose of inviting the project in connection with contractors? introduction of training? – About 90% of all operations are carried out by – We introduced such instruments as contracting organizations that is why it is out of the 5 C method (selection, maintenance question to start the productivity enhancement without of order, maintenance of cleanness, enhancing the operational efficiency of contractors. standardization and perfectibility). The project “Tejpreet” implied the implementation of At the primary stage, the simplest different instruments such as “drilling on paper”. The method is introduced that doesn’t representatives of the office Gazpromneft-Khantos require any financial investment. The visited our facilities, production fields to drilling-rig purpose of this method is reduction crews for conducting session “drilling on paper”. We of things to order in the workplaces, also realize training in the office of GPNKH LTD. making things as clear as a bell aimed at enhancing manufacturing – Tell us specifically about “drilling on paper”? efficiency. For office employee it’s an order at desk, in the workplace; – It’s an instrument of “Technical limit” (“Tejpreet”) for blue-collar jobs we imply a giving possibility to analyze the construction of continuous systematization and previous wells and to plan the construction of future process standardization. It is one of ones. We carry out a careful analysis; reveal moments the first introduced instruments. We thanks to which it is possible to reduce time of also introduced stands for planning operations, in other words, to exclude nonproductive meetings. It’s a usual announcement and inefficient time. Representatives of all services board displaying operating plan take part in this process because the construction of for several days ahead and plan- wells happens on the principle of separate service, assignment for following 12 hours and everybody brings forward their own suggestions. of drilling shift operation. Upon Often, there are disputes but finally all opinions completing of operation shift, we consolidate in one common decision. consider in cooperation with workers – What else specialists of SSC were taught within a plan/actual of task performance, the first stage of “Technical limit”? reasons for speed-up or, vice

20 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 21 DRILLING Neftegaz.RU # 6/2017 ACCENT ACCENT versa, less successful completion of works. We chief executives of the contracting stages. The main ones are 5С, WDPP bedsteads, also use stand to mark best workers, “leaders” of FACTS organizations draw conclusions, “Idea”. At some enterprises the employees are manufacturing as well as “anti-leaders”. Altogether, make proposals, discuss indices, obliged, are given plans for creation of a certain 6 crews work for us today, and each of them has highlight successes of each number of ideas. We don’t have this in our BUSINESS - BUSINESS - such an introduced stand, one of them is electronic. company. company, neither does “Gazpromneft-Khantos”. Because apart from the number of ideas, it is – How do these innovations influence people? – How does self-training take necessary, first of all, to track their quality. In place? – As a rule, the majority got through denying 2016 The “LEANiYA” project – How does SSC implement the second stage of stage, in other words they deny the necessity of – Lessons are divided into 4 stages started in Gazpromneft- the “lean manufacturing” project? introducing these instruments and improvements Khantos and are given once a week. The introduced by them. It’s normal, we were cautioned representatives of SSC, together – First of all, we try to avoid losses: the main losses about it during training. However, gradually people with the representatives of other are considered to be unnecessary transportation, get through the process of understanding, and contracting organizations, have idle time, excessive processes, movements, innovations are introduced and got accustomed. been taking training in the course of surplus. SSC has always tried to avoid these losses Now we experience the process of understanding, thousand a month. Training was carried out at the place of production, but now we have put and representatives of our company introduce and 5 in 2 areas: well construction and special emphasis, identified those losses, which implement more actively the instruments of lean of employees and drilling. This training is conducted can be considered as the most significant according working today in the SSC manufacturing. company, which has by the specialists, who, in their turn, to their influence of effectiveness. One of the most – All used by us drill units are 7 divisions in the regions have taken a course themselves and large-scale excessive processes are idle time, FACTS fitted with triple-plunger pumps – Please, tell us about the principle you use to of the RF are already adopting this pilot project waiting. Here not always everything depends on train your staff? and power top-drives. Use of in the “Gazpromneft-Khantos” a certain company, the nature of work is of such More than the modern equipment allows – For participation in the program, we selected company in their administrations. kind that it is always necessary to move from one to decrease a share of non- the most active, young and advanced people who The main course was held by facility to another, from one multiple-well platform to productive time and the number of should possess enough energy and strengths to the deputy chief engineer of another, which are at different stages of preparation repairs. We use 3 types of top- master new skills, to introduce in their facilities “Gazpromneft-Khantos” for to construction of wells. Also, certainly, at its mln m drives – Bentec, Canrig и Tesco the instruments of lean manufacturing. These are productivity enhancement. Training level, inside its company, the work on reduction 1,5 – at the “Gazpromneft-Khantos” employees, who will believe in efficiency of this was easy, we could see glowing of obsolete transportation costs and excessive is an annual volume of project. eyes of our employees. Teachers processes is carried out. And on the whole, prospecting-exploration instrument. Taking into consideration the fact that drilling and production the result won’t be seen immediately, this project always listen to the criticism of everybody is working on productivity enhancement. drilling – When did cooperation of SSC needs the most energetic people whose “ignition” the contracting organizations and and “Gazpromneft-Khantos” – Can you provide examples of significant wouldn’t vanish after the first two months. By give a substantiated response. start, how many crews are results on the project? the way, it’s one of the risks we were told about Training is conducted in the More than working there? during our training. Some people become familiar format of a lecture, and there is a – Here it is important that the “Gazpromneft- – Cooperation of SSC and with it fast but if they don’t see the result after homework assignment. Fulfillment Khantos” company has a result on the whole: it “Gazpromneft-Khantos” is about several months, there is a is likelihood of being of assignments and attendance is a result of work of both of SSC, and a merit of 10 years. Everything started with disappointed. We were cautioned at once that the of lectures is controlled strictly. all contractors. For the moment, the construction two crews, then volumes started to results would be no earlier than after 2 years. The representatives of SSC have cycle of horizontal wells at SSC has decreased 3200 grow, and today there are already fulfilled all requirements, have had a in comparison with 2016 (I take into account the of carried out maintenance 6 constantly working drilling crews. – Does “Gazpromneft” possess some methods conscientious attitude to fulfillment wells, in construction of which SSC takes place). I and overhaul repairs of wells to encourage organizations taking part in the of a homework assignment and consider it to be an achievement and a merit of all per year Experienced drillers work at SSC, project? have passed a test on completion of services and, certainly, of a customer. some of them have been at this – We choose the best crew based on monthly training successfully. project from the very beginning of – How much time does the whole cycle of well our cooperation. There are crews, results. The winners take money reward. This is – What other instruments of not an innovation, such practice exists for plenty of construction take? which have been working at the lean manufacturing does the project for 3-4 years, but they years, and the crews of the Nefteyugansk branch “Gazprom Neft” company use? – On the whole, the construction cycle takes about were already the best. The main criteria for choice 29 days, plus or minus 2 days. This indicator can also already be called skilled, are performance indicators as well as respect for – One of important instruments is a can be considered a good one, just a year ago formed and executing their work industrial safety culture. Occupational safety in SSC think tank, so to speak. ”Gazprom a well was constructed in 35-36 days, and two professionally. is always in the first flight. Neft” has an “Idea” program, years ago – even more so. Here, certainly, there – What is your estimate of according to which each employee, are technological changes of different natures as – Are successes of contracting organizations irrespective of his official capacity, the level of the program well, but the instruments of the “Tejpreet”, lean introduction in SSC now? pointed out in “Gazprom Neft” in some way? can suggest his/her idea on manufacturing, have already started to bear fruit. – Certainly, the strive of “Gazprom Neft” to team improvement, on increase of the – The “lean manufacturing” work, partnership relations have always been on effectiveness and to get a reward for – Will the training be continued further as well? project has been introduced in it. There is such program in Siberian a high note. Conclusions of executed work are – Training is conducted permanently, nature of the company in a quite active Service Company, it is called an drawn monthly, production figures are analyzed, training is different, and each session of “drilling on way. Siberian Service Company “Innovator” and it appeared in SSC obtained data are brought to the notice of regional paper” is also some kind of training. entered to the “Gazpromneft- representatives of each company. SSC has good several years ago. And now it is Khantos” project with rather results among the contractors of “Gazpromneft- growing rapidly. – Tell us about the equipment used by SSC at high intensity, and considerable Khantos”. Conferences are convened quarterly, at There is plenty of instruments, but Gazpromneft-Khantos project, and a technical changes and improvements are which representatives of the companies and the they are introduced incrementally, in input of wells construction. seen at the moment.

22 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 23 PRODUCTION Neftegaz.RU # 6/2017 ACCENT ACCENT IT WAS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN GAZPROM NEFT GROUP OF COMPANIES AND IN WEST SIBERIA THAT GAZPROMNEFT-KHANTOS HAS CARRIED OUT A UNIQUE TECHNOLOGICAL OPERATION ON A 30-STAGE HYDRAULIC FRACTURING AT THE YUZHNO-PRIOBSKOYE FIELD. UNTIL NOW, AN 18-STAGE UDC 622.276 BUSINESS - BUSINESS - OPERATION IN A SINGLE HORIZONTAL WELL BORE WAS CONSIDERED TO BE THE MAXIMUM VALUE IN THE COMPANY; IT WAS CARRIED OUT IN MARCH 2016 AS WELL AT THE YUZHNO-PRIOBSKOYE FIELD OF GAZPROMNEFT-KHANTOS

Keywords: multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, well drilling, oil production, flexible pump-compressor pipe, 30- the Yuzhno-Priobskoye field.

- Nikolay Vladimirovich, due to what it became - The peculiarity of the new STAGE possible to carry out a 30-stage hydraulic FACTS technology consists in the fracturing at the Yuzhno-Priobskoye field? method of isolating the ports of the hydraulic fracturing unit from - We can talk about the influence of several each other. Ports are points inside factors at once. The number of operations of the the well where a fracturing is company was increased thanks to the application km planned. When using the "ball" of the "ball-free" technology of completion and 1.6 the length of the technology, each new fracture zone BREAKTHROUGH stimulation of the well. The second factor is horizontal borehole section is separated from the previous one the possibility of drilling of a horizontal shaft in the Yuzhno-Priobskoye field by a composite or metal ball. The 1.5 km long. For the first time in the history of diameter of the balls increases development of the Yuzhno-Priobskoye field, from zone to zone and does not this long horizontal section of the well has allow for more than 10-12 fracturing been drilled. Prior to this, the maximum length operations due to the design Nikolai Vladimirovich of the shaft was 1 km. A new drilling rig with m3 features of the well. In addition, the increased lifting capacity was used and a rotary 600 balls should be destroyed after the Chebykin, controlled system, which allows making a clear the volume of the Head of the planning horizontal basin-type completion of the fracturing. delivery of the instrument in the horizontal shaft. capacity used to accelerate department of geological and Before the multi-stage hydraulic technological activities of Another important point is the application of a the preparation for the multi-stage hydraulic fracturing at the Yuzhno-Priobskoye Gazpromneft-Khantos new approach to the hydraulic fracturing itself. fracturing To accelerate the preparations for the operation field, we lowered into the borehole directly, we used a horizontal basin-type tank with special couplings, which are a capacity of 600 cubic meters, organized a two- displaced by means of the flexible shift operation mode for the teams of hydraulic tubing. In the tube there is a special fracturing and preparation. The coordinated work tool with a reusable sealing "pillow", of contract organizations on hydraulic fracturing 6 which swells and separates the stages of fracturing zones with the fracturing which was and on flexible oil well tubing (FOWT) had its own were performed for impact on the process. As a result, up to 6 stages 24 hours already performed. Thus, we are of hydraulic fracturing were performed per day. no longer limited to the diameter of the balls, we can place couplings - And can multi-stage fracturing be used in as we want, at any distance. This any field? opens new prospects for increasing the number of stages of hydraulic - The deposits are all different, and each of fracturing. them needs its own approach. The use of multi- Thanks to the application of stage hydraulic fracturing should be justified the "ball-free" technology in the technologically and economically. In general, horizontal section of the well, it can be said that the lower the filtration and there appear the opportunities capacitance properties of the reservoirs - the both for maximum acceleration of power and permeability, and the worse the oil the process of development and reserves are by quality, the more economically launch of the well into permanent feasible is the construction of horizontal wells with operation, and for geophysical the use of multi-stage fracturing. operations and intensification of the - Why was the technology used in the 30-stage inflow during the operation of the hydraulic fracturing called "ball-free"? horizontal well.

24 25 PRODUCTION OIL AND GAS CALENDAR

ACCENT After performing the work, the equipment can be transported to the next location of the hydraulic EVENT CALENDAR fracturing. The number of stages of hydraulic fracturing is limited by the length of the well and BUSINESS - technical and economic calculations. In a few years, we will be able to re-fracture without any July 10 – July 13 problems. Repeated multi-stage fracturing in horizontal wells with "ball" completion technology involves a number of technological and technical risks and has a low success rate. 8th

- Why exactly 30 stages? International - Together with our colleagues from the Gazprom Neft Scientific and Technical Center in St. Industrial Petersburg, we made calculations, including using the hydrodynamic model. It was known Exhibition that the well would have a horizontal shaft of 1.5 km and for greater efficiency it is necessary to place in it the maximum number of stages with a high payback. The recommendations of the INNOPROM- contract organizations, technical and economic calculations confirmed the validity of the decision to conduct the 30-stage hydraulic fracturing. 2017

- What was the complexity of the operation? Yekaterinburg - 18 stages of hydraulic fracturing has been considered the maximum value in the company so far. And now - a significant quantitative have succeeded without close and qualitative leap. Such technologies have FACTS cooperation with contractors. already been used in North America, we were - How much time did the project the first who did it in Russia. The work was not take? easy, because the depth of the well is more than 4.5 km. The most difficult was to establish km - The date of commencement of July 11 – July 13 July 18 – July 20 cooperation between contractors. A hydraulic 4.6 pilot works was May 25, 2016, fracturing team and a team of flexible tubing borehole depth and on July 7 the well was International Exhibition of Oil & Gas and worked at the well at the same time. Usually they already in operation. As for the 14th China follow one another. In addition, our specialists first time and taking into account Petrochemical Industry Xinjiang were on the site, who controlled the process, the performance of 30 stages of both in terms of compliance with technology International days hydraulic fracturing, it is very fast. and meeting the requirements for industrial 14 Oil and Gas Asia — OGA 2017 Coal Industry safety and environmental protection, so that all time from the - How does the project affect commencement of the environment? Malaysia, Kuala-Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre work was carried out in the shortest time and pilot operations to the Exhibition accident-free. And it was a success. start of the well operation - During the work performance, - What are the reasons for obtaining positive the impact on the environment results? was minimized. Modern ICME technologies of construction and - The main thing is the correct planning. We completion of wells allow us to July 11 – July 13 repeatedly calculated everything on simulators, protect the environment from on models, we conducted a drilling and man-made impact. In addition, 2017 development session “on paper”. The team Gazpromneft-Khantos's control International Exhibition of Oil & Gas Industry work of all the production functions and the as a customer was very serious. China, Urumqi, We pursue the goal of "zero" – Scientific and Technical Center brought its Xi'an Qujiang International the no harm to personnel, the results. We, as a subsidiary company, created a Oil and Gas Africa 2017 Convention & Exhibition environment and property during working group, which included specialists from Center (QICEC) various departments. In addition, we would not work performance. Republic of South Africa, Cape Town

26

PRODUCTION PRODUCTION

intensive discussion on normative often as about something quasi attentive reader, of course, will and methodological documents innovative in the exploration and notice that we have just confused INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES and criteria regulating Subsurface operation of oil & gas fields, we (in comparison with the generally Resources Management in the must not forget that these criteria accepted approach today) criteria sphere of oil & gas production (concepts) themselves have of efficiency and rationality. But we FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH- [2]. Unfortunately, we have to always existed and will take place did it quite on purpose, having in state that this discussion, and in the world around us, having at mind those tendencies and priorities even the Subsurface Resources the same time, at each current that are being established in VISCOSITY OIL RESERVES Management itself, as some moment of our life, this or that Russia today, both at the legislative authors are stating (they say "we specific content and filling. And level (Federal laws in the field of do not develop fields, we make in no case should we ignore that subsurface resources management, DESCRIBES CURRENT STATE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION OF oil"), has purely oil & gas [3, 4], i.e. enormous historical experience the Energy Strategy, sectorial UNCONVENTIONAL SOURCES AND OIL RESOURCES, INCLUDING SHALE RESOURCES, HIGH-VISCOSITY AND to say, a narrow, industry-specific accumulated by mankind General Development Schemes, BITUMEN OIL. THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE EXISTING (TRADITIONAL) DOWNHOLE TECHNOLOGY TO THE nature. on the whole in the mining etc.), and at a corporate policy of business, which is the industrial the main subsurface resources EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION OF OIL AND GAS FIELDS BY DRILLING OIL AND GAS WELLS FROM THE But in the 21st century, Subsurface basis of subsurface resources users – oil and gas producing EARTH'S SURFACE FROM THE STANDPOINT OF JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROSPECTS AND POSSIBILITIES Resources Management for Russia management. Furthermore, it companies of the country. The OF DEVELOPMENT AND EFFICIENT PRODUCTION OF OIL FROM DEPOSITS OF THE BAZHENOV FORMATION can no longer remain narrow, should also be borne in mind problem of the rationality of the ROCKS IN WEST SIBERIA. IT SHOWS THE UNACCEPTABILITY OF DUAL CONSISTENT IN SPACE AND TIME industry-specific or "privatized" by that the development of scientific development of the Bazhenov somebody, and the introduction THE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF VARIOUS FORMS AND TYPES OF HYDROCARBONS (DIFFERENT and technological progress deposits, formally speaking, is not

UDC 622.276.5 + 622.297.5 (072.8) of rationality criteria into use, STOCKS AND RESOURCES OF OIL) CONTAINED IN THESE DEPOSITS FOR LARGE-SCALE DEVELOPMENT OF (or in a larger time span – the even discussed, while remaining, along with traditional efficiency THE BAZHENOV FORMATION AND SIMILAR OIL FIELDS OF THE VOLGA REGION WITH A PURELY TRADITIONAL technological order) depends not as it seems to us, far from being the criteria, which are usually guided WELL TECHNOLOGIES. AS AN ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH OFFERS COAL MINE-DOWNHOLE only on the goal-setting and the first in the list of current priorities, by oil and gas business, not only TECHNOLOGY AND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT, PROVIDING FOR THE OPENING AREAS (MINE achieved level of excellence, but as evidenced, in particular, by does not guarantee taking of also has its own internal logics and the progress neither good nor FIELDS) DEPOSITS BAZHENOV RETINUE MINE SHAFTS AND THE PREPARATION OF MINING AND MINING BLOCKS decisions based on social goals development tendencies ("To the bad in creation of the "Bazhenov” (PILLARS) UNDERGROUND MINING AND PREPARATORY WORKINGS WITH THE SUBSEQUENT EXTRACTION and interests, but also enters Future through Experience of the scientific facility. We can’t help OF TARGET PRODUCTS FROM THESE UNITS RESERVOIR INJECTION SYSTEMS-STIMULATING AND DRAINAGE into a clear contradiction with past " – Zakirov S.N. [5]). speaking without a big share of (MINING) WELLS THAT ARE DRILLED MAINLY FROM UNDERGROUND MINES them, preventing in fact both a skepticism about the efficiency of professional scientific discussion For many years now, oil production the oil production development Keywords: Bazhenov formation, stocks and oil resources, exploration and exploitation of deposits, technological approaches, mine- in this field, and simply conserves prospects in Russia have been from the Bazhenov formation, downhole technology, energy technology complexes. many weaknesses and gaps of linked to the need to ensure the which possesses the properties modern oil & gas production. rationality and efficiency of the of many other oil and gas bearing development and commercial Needless to say that not only shale deposits known in the world, exploitation of the Bazhenov the innovative character and and about the creation of truly Ilyusha Anatoly In recent years, the volume of oil development of HRR and the need formation rocks in West Siberia, complexity of the exploration and breakthrough technologies for the Vasilievich, production in the Khanty-Mansiysk to develop new oil and gas fields. as the main oil-and-gas bearing operation (exploitation) of oil & exploration and exploitation of this Doctor of Technical Science, Autonomous Okrug, the main oil- But traditionally this speaking and province for the country. A professor producing region of West Siberia, is writing do not come at all to the gas fields, but also the socially- huge storage of hydrocarbon (and Director General, steadily decreasing. Where should creation of a national powerful oriented Subsurface Resources not only) raw materials. Technical research Management for Russia in the 21st we look for the reason that the technological basis for the HHR Without going into a more detailed and business firm century become vital. The fact is success in the development of hard- development, as well as of effective analysis of the modern interpretation Tehnopodzemenergo LLC that in addition to the efficiency to-recover hydrocarbon reserves subsurface resources management and content filling of the rationality and rationality criteria, which are from the Bazhenov formation in general. Therefore, so that and efficiency criteria of "oil non- Pankov Dmitry being spoken about more and more rocks in West Siberia, despite the providing any benefits [1] did not production", and namely the Anatolyevich, occasional "fanfares” and triumphal lose its meaning and that the call Ph.D. in Economics reports, still remains rather modest? to action was really meaningful, Director General, and was not a mere sound, in Independent analytical Effective technologies are a key order to solve the problem it is agency of oil and gas sector factor in the development of hard- extremely important to understand "NААNS-MEDIA” LLC to-recover reserves (HRR), tax and find adequate answers both to benefits are an important motivation the question "who (or what) is to mechanism. But the discussion blame?" and to the question "what of benefits, which is very popular to do?". today, should not overshadow the need for technology development, Recently, on the pages of the otherwise the benefits themselves leading Oil & Gas scientific and become senseless. It is needless technical magazines in Russia to say that it’s being written and (“Oil Industry”, “Subsurface spoken many times today along with Resources Management of the representatives of the authorities 21st century”, “Georesources” and about these tax benefits for the some others), there has been an

28 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 29 PRODUCTION PRODUCTION

exploration and operation of oil FIGURE 1. Dynamics of production drilling and oil production in KhMAO-Yugra the oil borehole, and after drilling it this very ASP technology we example, at the "current" situation and gas fields, we should note that with minimum costs to get a fountain will need to import anion active with the once legendary Samotlor, today the ecological component of of oil in order to think that the job surfactant from America, and to which has actually entered the subsurface resources management was done or, in modern terms, to buy polymers from France (if they final stage of exploitation and the is becoming more and more say that the field was developed sell, of course), not to mention ecological "delights" of traditional significant in this problem. Without and put into operation. Judging other difficulties of this basically exploration and operation of which effective solutions to specifically the even by a number of television traditional technological approach. are especially clearly visible in the environmental challenges arising messages from the federal channels There are also persistent attempts pictures "from above" (Figure 2). from the large-scale operation of in recent times, we have to (and to "justify" the technology of "multi- In general, as the real oil production the Bazhenov deposits, it is hardly it is not surprising) recognize that stage" purely well exploration and practice shows, even in the possible to talk about the future precisely this principle today is operation (exploitation) of oil and conventional (traditional) oil fields of rationality and efficiency of oil largely prevalent in the activity of all gas fields, including even the highest the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous production in West Siberia. or almost all subsurface resources scientific level, [6], for example, Okrug-Yugra, which remains the users, by the way, almost regardless while any attempts to formulate any There is a legend that, at the very main oil producing region in the of their size or economic importance, alternative and really unconventional dawn of the oil era, the famous country, the traditional downhole who operated, are operating or methods, to put it mildly, are nearly Colonel Drake at the beginning of technology of oil production, despite come to operate in West Siberia. not discussed and dismissed, as the black (oil) fever in Pennsylvania the significant growth in the volume they say, "right out of the gate". In in the middle of the 19th century, However, the inferiority of such a of drilling works in the okrug in the end, this leads to the fact that in contrast to the underground principle of subsurface resources recent years and application of such an important indicator of the mining method, which at that time use in this oil and gas production widely advertised by subsurface efficiency of oil production and dominated in mining industry region in the future is proved by the resources user companies of subsurface resources management (first of all, of course, during the fact that, as the long-term practice hydraulic fracturing, sidetracking in fact for the whole of West Siberia extraction of coal and iron ore) shows, the exploration and operation and the construction of so-called as an oil recovery factor (ORF), said that "oil should be drilled". of oil and gas fields here is extended horizontal wells to improve oil even in deposits with traditional And we must clearly recognize into many stages and phases, recovery, etc., there is a steady reservoirs for the upper oil and the fact that today, i.e., more than called the trial, pilot production, the decline in overall oil production in gas bearing horizon (Cenomanian 150 years later, the technology of first stage, the second stage, early, this region. deposits at a depth of about 1000 m) development and production of stable, late, final or some other today is at a level (let us say so) of The large-scale and effective hydrocarbons by drilling boreholes stage. So according to some data, miserable 20 – 30%. development of the Bazhenov from the surface of the mother for example, on the Salym oil field in formation deposits, the necessity Earth triumphantly marches not the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Moreover, the traditional downhole of which is recognized by almost only across all continents, but also Okrug-Ugra it was in 1967 when technology has a severe impact everyone today, is designed to submerges deeper and deeper the first oil flows were obtained on the environment during the provide a solution not only to the from the sea bottom into the oil- became one of the reasons that problem? Are the capabilities of the even from deposits of the Bazhenov exploration and exploitation of problem of "oil production", but and-gas bearing (productive) the world energy market in recent traditional downhole technology Formation. Sometimes, under a loud oil fields in West Siberia, which also has the most important social layers from offshore structures years was literally flooded with the of hydrocarbon production roll of drums, the entire "universe" is a very marshy lowland with significance, not only for West and oil production platforms of all flow of oil and gas from seemingly comprehensive and universal, is informed about the allegedly a transition to the tundra in the Siberia itself, but for the whole sorts (some behemoth and some unthinkable sources and resources, and its further improvement and already existing revolutionary north, because in the course of economy of the country, and turning rather expensive), down to the such as the deposits of shale and development itself should be achievements and abilities of development of deposits, a huge this oil and gas province into a placement on the seabed of drilling other solid impermeable rocks. the basis for the works on the traditional downhole technology amount of work is necessary to giant experimental and industrial and production complexes situated development of the Bazhenov together with the technology of lay and fill off infield roads, to site for developing technologies There was an almost insurmountable under the ice and under water in formation? We do not pretend to processing ASP productive layers to construct earthfill structures for the for innovative complex exploration stereotype stating that it is this the Arctic Ocean, which has not yet any absolute indisputability of our revitalize the entire hydrocarbonic construction of wells and cluster and exploitation of deposits should technological method or approach been reached by this ever present judgments, and in our opinion, West Siberia. At the same time, pads, as well as other oilfield in fact rather than in word be and further improvement of the borehole massively therefore, it is obvious that the however, they don’t say that for facilities. It is enough to look, for socially-oriented and fully respond traditional downhole technology search for answers to these difficult The success of the method for the exploration and operation questions must lie first of all in the (technology) without using mines of hydrocarbon fields that must be plane of (let us say so) of two basic of development and production of almost the only one and decisive FIGURE 2. Panoramic photos of the exploration and exploitation of the legendary Samotlor and at the same time indisputable oil and gas by boreholes that are when developing of the Bazhenov facts or dimensions, and namely: drilled from the surface is so great formation, to which we still refer Directly in the essence and and impressive that today many many hopes, which are still waited peculiarities of the most traditional and many professionals working to come true, for the stabilization well oil and gas production in the oil and gas industry do not and development of oil production technology and, on the other hand, even imagine that this approach in West Siberia, which has become in the Bazhenov formation rocks, as may not be suitable for meeting of a quite successful part of Russia a source and a peculiar storage of new challenges emerging in the oil with developed infrastructure, hydrocarbons. and gas production. Moreover, it is despite the very difficult climatic these purely downhole technologies conditions and features of the At the beginning of the era of that made it possible to implement region. Therefore quite natural hydrocarbons, it was enough to the so-called shale revolution, which questions arise : So what's the choose the right location for laying

30 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 31 PRODUCTION PRODUCTION

to the challenges of the subsurface can be obtained from layers of formation, which not so long ago we complicated structure. In these FIGURE 3. Process flow chart of innovative mine-downhole "secondary" development resources management of the 21st technically stimulated "collectors" called "imperialistic or predatory" conditions, the possibility to create of the Agan oil field in West Siberia [17] century. of the formation with the way of exploiting mineral deposits, highly efficient injection-stimulating implementation of geological and which involves searching for and and drainage systems in a deep- A complex of geophysical studies technological activities (GTA); taking off the most “delicious” lying productive layer by drilling conducted in recent years in the pieces of the pie in the form of downholes from the surface of the Center of Oil and Gas Technologies • in terms of released oil volume so-called reserves (of movable oil) earth, and simply the performance at the Lomonosov Moscow State (resources of the second type) – and the orientation to the fact that, of hydraulic fracturing and the University, . and in a number are occluded hydrocarbons and perhaps someone and sometime increase in the well coverage ratio of other scientific research free oil sealed thereby; in the future will produce from this become very, very illusive. organizations [7-9], shows that • in terms of the volume of very formation not less than 70% the algorithms and methods of At the same time, as our studies "synthetic" oil (residual of the remaining hydrocarbons volumetric data for the Bazhenov and developments show [10 – 13], generation potential), which is in the form of resources and formation should provide for the and so does the entire mining the volume of oil that can be generation potential. Because possibility of determining of not development history, today there obtained from the kerogen shale of the much greater depth of the only the volumes of movable oil V1, is every reason to say that there destruction (resources of the third Bazhenov horizon, the features the volumes of released oil – V2, are possibilities to use other type). and complexity of the void space of but also the volume of so-called approaches to the exploration and the productive layer, the increased oil-generating potential V3. Here, Secondly, there are areas (zones) exploitation of the deposits of the clay content and (as a result) high rightfully, it is pointed out that the allocated that are the most and Bazhenov formation, and not just hydrophobicity, and the presence Bazhenov formation on the whole is least promising for production alternative to the traditional ones of a number of other complicating such an unconventional facility for drilling with use of existing oil described above – purely downhole factors and the distinctive features the exploration and operation that production technologies. The approach, but also approaches of the rocks of this formation, this for it there are virtually no: areas with the highest expected that integrate the world experience is hardly possible in principle. Let productivity are recommended for and the opportunities of all the • concept of "deposit" with its us take, for example, the same the development first, and zones mining technologies that have indispensable attributes – oil- hydraulic fracturing as some with the least productivity are been mastered and operated in water contact, external and panacea or one of the "blue chips" recommended for the development the mining, including, of course, internal circuits, a transition zone, of the shale revolution, which even after the creation and improvement modern (traditional) downhole a zone of extreme oil saturation, today someone calls a "bubble of technologies for the production methods of exploration and etc.; which is just about to collapse". of bound hydrocarbon compounds operation of hydrocarbon deposits. • concept of a collector / non- and oil from closed pores. For On the one hand, as stated in collector in terms of the boundary the zones with a high residual [7], in the investigated regions We are talking about the so-called values of the porosity and generation potential of organic the geochemical parameters in mine-downhole technologies and permeability of the productive substances and a large volume the sediments of the Bazhenov approaches to the exploration and layer. of physically bound hydrocarbon formation are more or less evenly exploitation of layer deposits and compounds, new methods of distributed, which is connected mineral deposits that provide an Against this background, we obtaining oil must be developed. with "mono-facial relatively deep- innovative level and not in words, propose the following (let us note, water sedimentation conditions in but in practice of an integrated it’s as it were the only one or self- However, the adoption of this the Bazhenov time". This in itself approach to the involvement in the evident) concept of the exploration concept of exploration and makes very doubtful attempts to development of hard-to-recover oil and exploitation of the Bazhenov exploitation of hydrocarbons of search for industrial clusters of light and gas reserves and resources, Formation in West Siberia, which is the Bazhenov formation in West movable oil. On the other hand, among which of course, there summarized briefly in the following. Siberia, and many other deposits attempts to artificially increase (by are deposits of the Bazhenov First, we forecast and allocate and sources of unconventional hydraulic fracturing) the porosity Formation in West Siberia and zones of the area differential hydrocarbons in other regions of and permeability will be no less many deposits of high-viscosity, productivity by counting and the Russian Federation, not only illusive. The fact is that the porous bitumen and so-called "immature" estimating the oil resource base of faces great difficulties of purely whole arsenal of modern downhole (sections) of the layer for the space of the productive layer of oil in the Volga region. The basic the Bazhenov formation for several economic nature, but (more methods and technologies for subsequent downhole production of the formation, as shown in the conceptual and methodological types of volumes: importantly) will in fact conserve providing oil recovery by drilling hydrocarbons. The most important mentioned papers, contains: provision (system-technological with the negative effect the of stimulating and production components of this approach are: • in terms of movable oil volume, "open, connecting pores filled with approach) of such an innovative technological disadvantages which downholes (and/or their systems) including reserves and resources movable oil; closed pores filled approach is the following principle: • development and use of energy- are inherent in traditional (existing) from underground mines. of the first type. It is proposed to with free oil; occluded hydrocarbon Opening and preparation for efficient, resource-saving and technologies of exploration and refer to the reserves the volume of compounds on the surface of pores, the development of productive In general, the basis for the safe methods and technologies exploitation of hydrocarbon movable oil, the inflows of which water occluded on the surface layers is carried out with the help proposed scientific methodological for causing an impact on deposits and in integrated can be obtained as a result of of clay minerals and hydrophilic of mine shafts and underground and truly innovative approach productive layers; development and use of mineral testing or experimental operation capillaries", and in general the mining development, and [14 – 17] is the need and the • ensuring the full utilization and resources in general. without special impact on the rocks of Bazhenov deposits have extraction of target products from real possibility of creating highly effective use of oil associated productive layer. The resources In fact, as we see, we propose an increased content of kerogen. productive layers of oil and gas productive and fully controlled gases for the processes of the first type are proposed a method or a technological In addition, the productive layer bearing deposits is carried out by drainage systems through mine of hydrocarbon extraction to include volumes of movable approach to the exploration itself has not only a relatively appropriately prepared extraction opening of the productive layer and from productive layers and oil, additional inflows of which and operation of the Bazhenov small capacity, but it has also a blocks – pillars with the help of the preparation of extraction blocks production of electric power for

32 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 33 PRODUCTION

to the Salym group of deposits. – Scientific and technical bulletin of NK Rosneft. – 2015, No. 2, p. 9 – 17. 9. Bilibin S.I., Valova L.V., Dyakonova T.F., Isakova T.G., Yukanova E.A., Polyakova Yu.V., Kalmykov G.A. Algorithms for determining the volumetric data and a methodology for estimating the movable reserves of V1 and resources V2 and V3 of the Bazhenov formation of the Salym group of deposits. – Geophysics. – 2015, No. 3, p. 37 – 50. 10. Afanasyev V.Ya., Ilyusha A.V., Linnik Yu.N., Linnik V.Yu. And Sherstkin V.V. Innovative mining and downhole technologies for the exploration and operation of shale oil reserves in West Siberia and the Volga region. – Electronic magazine "Technologies of hydrocarbon production and use". No. 1(5), 2015. – www.tp-ning.ru 11. Afanasyev V.Ya., Ilyusha A.V., Linnik Yu.N., Linnik V.Yu. And Sherstkin V.V. Innovative mining and downhole technologies for the exploration and operation of shale oil reserves in West Siberia and the Volga region. – Scientific and practical magazine "Coiled tubing time". – No. 3 (053), September 2015. 12. Ilyusha A.V., Afanasyev V.Ya., Linnik V.Yu., Sherstkin V.V., Korchak A.V., Rakhutin M.G., the energy supply of the created but also productive layers with Kaverin A.A. Physical and technical basics underground (mine-downhole) heavy and high viscosity oil, which and features of breakthrough mine-borehole technologies for recovering of hard-to-recover energy technology complexes, in itself, in addition to the problem of oil and increasing of oil recovery efficiency. – as well as the fullest and most development of Bazhenov formation, Electronic magazine "Technologies of hydrocarbon comprehensive use of all is also extremely important for the production and use". – No. 1(6), 2016. – components (parts) of downhole economy of West Siberia and the www.tp-ning.ru production; Volga region, and for the entire 13. Ilyusha A.V., Afanasyev V.Ya., Linnik V.Yu., Sherstkin V.V., Korchak A.V., Rakhutin M.G., economy of the country. • ensuring environmental Kaverin A.A. Physical and technical basics and features of breakthrough mine-borehole friendliness, safety and reduction technologies for recovering of hard-to-recover of the vulnerability of technology Литература oil and increasing of oil recovery efficiency. – complexes and production in 1. Federal Law "The Tax Code of the Russian Scientific and practical magazine "Coiled tubing time". – No. 1 (059), March 2017. the exploration and exploitation Federation (part two)" dated 05.08.2000 No. 117 (as amended on 03.07.2016) (as amended and 14. Method of development of shale oil and gas of oil and gas reserves and supplemented, effective from 01.10.2016). bearing deposits and technological equipment resources in difficult conditions, 2. Zakirov S.N., Zakirov E.S., Indrupsky I.M. On complex for its implementation. – Patent of regardless of their genetic origin, regulatory documents in the oil and gas subsurface the Russian Federation No. 2547847 dated 20.02.2014. The patent holder is FSFEI HPE "State migration stages and paths, resources management. – Oil Industry. – 2016, No. 10, p. 6 – 9. University of Management" (SUM). / Authors: degree of mobility, bounding Ilyusha A.V., Afanasyev V.Y., Votinov A.V., Godin 3. Zakirov S.N. Hardly-recoverable oil reserves and V.V., Udut V.N., Zakharov V.N. Linnik Yu.N., Linnik and maturity of hydrocarbons, the rationality criteria. – Georesources. – 2014, No. V.Yu., Ambartsumyan G.L., Sherstkin V.V. which will determine for how long 4(59), p. 16 – 19. 15. Method of mine-downhole production of shale strategically the hydrocarbon 4. Zakirov S.N. Subsurface resources management oil and technological equipment complex for and morality are not divisible concepts. – energy industry will be able to its implementation. – Patent of the Russian Subsurface resources management of the XXI Federation No. 2574434 dated 23.12.2014. The retain its positions in the modern century. – 2010, No. 2, p. 73 – 76. world; patent holder is FSFEI HPE "State University of 5. Zakirov S.N. To the Future through the Experience Management" (SUM). / Authors: Ilyusha A.V., • full orientation to the maximum to of the past. – Geology, geophysics and Afanasyev V.Ya., Godin V.V., Zakharov V.N., development of oil and gas fields. – 2002, No. 5, Linnik V.Yu., Ambartsumyan G.L., Vorontsov N.V., the most developed technologies p. 64 – 66. Sherstkin V.V. and equipment of domestic 6. The method of development of the oil deposit 16. Method of mine-downhole production of production. in the sediments of the Bazhenov formation. hard-to-recover (bitumen) oil and technological Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2513963 equipment complex for its implementation. – Strategically, it should also be dated 08.10.2012 – Patent holder – Federal State Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2579061 recognized that it is mine-downhole Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Oil and dated 27.02.2015. The patent holder is FSFEI Gas Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences HPE "State University of Management" (SUM). / technologies and underground (IOGP RAS). Authors: Dmitrievsky A.N., Zakirov Authors: Ilyusha A.V., Afanasyev V.Ya., Godin V.V., energy technology complexes that, S.N., Zakirov E.S., Indrupsky I.M., Zakirov I.S., Zakharov V.N., Linnik V.Yu., Ambartsumyan G.L., in principle, can effectively solve Anikeev D.P., Ibatullin R.R., Yakubson K.I. Vorontsov N.V., Sherstkin V.V. such a problem, which is crucial 7. Kostenko O.V. Blocker character of the distribution 17. Method of mine-downhole production of hard-to- of high-molecular compounds of bitumen in the for many already seemingly fully recover oil and technological equipment complex pore system of the Bazhenov Formation (West for its implementation. – Patent of the Russian developed oil fields with traditional Siberian Basin). – Oil and gas geology. Theory and Federation No. 2593614 dated 14.05.2015. The oil (Figure 3), containing structurally practice. – 2014. – V.9 – No. 1, p. 2 – 15. patent holder is FSFEI HPE "State University of not only significant volumes of 8. Bilibin S.I., Dyakoova T.F., Isakova T.G., Yukanova Management" (SUM). / Authors: Ilyusha A.V., E.A., Kalmykov G.A., Valova L.V., Ganichev D.I. Afanasyev V.Ya., Godin V.V., Zakharov V.N., residual and non-recoverable Algorithms for determining the volumetric data of Linnik V.Yu., Ambartsumyan G.L., Korchak A.V., hydrocarbons by existing methods, the deposits of the Bazhenov formation according Sherstkin V.V.

34 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT ESTIMATION OF COMPLEX SPATIAL FIG. 1. Drawing of a double heat exchanger STRUCTURES OF PETROCHEMICAL EQUIPMENT FOR SEISMIC LOAD USING DIRECT DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

THE SIMPLIFIED LINEAR-SPECTRAL METHOD LIES IN THE BASIS OF THE STANDARD DESIGN OF PETROCHEMICAL EQUIPMENT FOR SEISMIC LOAD. ALTHOUGH THE SIMPLEST RESTRAINED BAR DIAGRAM

WITH DISTRIBUTED MASSES IS USED IN THE ESTIMATION, THE METHOD REQUIRES TO DETERMINE THE UDC 665.6 according to the -th tone and the Calculation of the design on the VALUES OF NATURAL FREQUENCIES AND MODES OF OSCILLATION OF THE STRUCTURE, WHICH IS A DIFFICULT load location. – Matrix of modal basis of numerical modeling MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM. WHAT METHODS OF ESTIMATION OF COMPLEX SPATIAL STRUCTURES ARE USED masses: of the dynamic process of BY MODERN COMPANIES? seismic stability by specifying the motion of the foundation supports according to the 8-point Keywords: spatial structures, petrochemical equipment, the method of direct dynamic analysis, block system, heat exchanger. accelerogram In the estimation we used a synthesized 8-point accelerogram, Estimated seismic impact at a provided by CNIISK: – weight of the apparatus random point of the estimated diagram is as follows: acting on the support, referred to FIG. 3. 8-point accelerogram The company HIMMASH-APPARAT object) with the seismic load the point , which is determined CO., LTD is a team of like-minded specified by the accelerograms. with taking into consideration of people, whose joint work through Function, which is set in the form In the paper the calculations of design loads on the structure; the system of horizontal links allows of full-scale (or synthesized) the double heat exchangers are and – distances from the points to solve complex engineering accelerograms. considered. They were carried and to the upper cut of the problems. As a rule, by exercising out both within the limits of the foundations. the competence of the company standard approach (LSM), and in design, manufacture and supply within the limits of accurate of equipment, each participant of approach (MDA), with use of a the process has the opportunity to FIG. 2. Calculated design and oscillation modes finite-element method. Agaurov Sergey, realize his extensive knowledge on practical experience in the form of a In accordance with SNiP II-7-81*, CEO HIMMASH-APPARAT CO., LTD specific product or installation. according to the method, the estimated seismic load in the The simplified linear-spectral selected direction, applied to the method (LSM) lies in the basis point and corresponding to the of the regulatory design of ‑th tone of natural oscillations is petrochemical equipment for determined by the formula: seismic load (LSM) – a method used to determine the seismic load using the response spectrum where: = 0.25 is the coefficient (SO,OSO, PSO). Although the taking into account the permissible simplest restrained bar diagram damage to buildings, – is the with distributed masses is used value of the seismic load for the in the estimation, the method -th tone of the natural oscillations, requires to determine the values of determined under the assumption Laskin Igor, natural frequencies and modes of of elastic deformation of the Phys.-M. SC., oscillation of the structure, which is head of research and structures using the formula: development a difficult mathematical problem. , HIMMASH-APPARAT CO., LTD The most accurate method is the method of direct dynamic and are coefficients from analysis (MDA), which involves SniP II-7-81*[1]; is a coefficient the numerical integration of the that depends on the shape of equations of motion of the system the deformation of the building or (the mathematical model of the structure with its natural oscillations

36 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 37 EQUIPMENT RUSSIA IN TITLES

On the basis of an 8-point FIG. 4. Stress fields after 1 second of exposure VENEZUELA’S SECRET "gasket company" that would citing the director of Rosneft. accelerogram, in the boundary send oil to Aruba for processing When speaking in Berlin, I. Sechin conditions the motion of the PLOT TO SELL and distribution at gas stations said that the two oil producers foundation parts of the supports BANNED SYRIAN OIL in the US and other countries. must discuss how to implement was set both in the horizontal IN THE US MARKET The scheme, which hasn’t the "smooth transition" so that direction along the axis of the heat been executed, indicates the exchanger and in the direction extent to which the two pariah perpendicular thereto. In Fig. 4. Ben Bartenstein nations are willing to go to stress fields in the structure are evade international rules and obtained. Syria and Venezuela plotted antagonize global powers. in recent years to evade The maximum voltage level international sanctions on reaches 52 MPa, which is less Syria through a secret deal to RUSSIA-SAUDI than the permissible voltage of transport its crude oil through COLLABORATION 140 MPa. Russia to the Caribbean. This MUST CONTINUE, Calculations by two methods – the SAYS ROSNEFT approximate method – LCM and "the market would not suffer.” the accurate – dynamic method on According to him, the supply of the accelerogram – led to slightly large volumes of oil to the market different results. Guy Chazan can lead to such volatility, which At the beginning of the exposure, Collaboration between the two will strike the consumers. Sechin, the solution by a dynamic method largest world’s oil producers, a long-time ally of President As the above calculation shows, the complex equipment, the developed gives a maximum stress level of Russia and Saudi Arabia, Vladimir Putin, was traditionally double heat exchanger meets the devices and block systems are 52 MPa, which is less than the must continue after the OPEC skeptical about OPEC and argued strength requirements for seismic successfully operated in industrial allowable voltage of 140 MPa, but restrictions on production are that Russia should adhere to load with an intensity of 8 points. plants of many oil refining and exceeds the value obtained in the plan presupposed the sale of over, in order to make the its own strategy and protect its chemical plants in Russia. LCM of 12 MPa. I.e. the method HIMMASH-APPARAT CO., LTD Syrian oil at a large discount to transition to a normal oil market, market share. But over the past of direct integration gives the has the necessary experience The design capacities of the Venezuela through a Russian writes the Financial Times, year, he changed his mind. higher values of the stresses in the and possibilities of estimation, enterprise allow the development structure. manufacture and delivery of of the main sections of the design and working documentation of newly constructed facilities and complexes, documentation for technical re-equipment, design documentation. Own scientific and engineering base allows to solve the problems on the development of new effective design of apparatuses using mathematical modeling methods. On the issues of development and ordering of equipment, you can contact by e-mail: [email protected] and tel. +7(495) 2-680-680 (multi-line).

38 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT UNITING FOR

COMMON GOALS EXPLOSION-PROOF EQUIPMENT – HULLS, TERMINAL BOXES, CONTROL POSTS, CABLE ENTRIES

The company ROSE Systemtechnik The range of standard general of Shipping). In 2011 and 2015 was founded in Germany in 1969, industrial enclosures of the company equipment manufactured by “ROSE SWISS CONCERN PHOENIX MECANO AG OFFICIALLY OPENED it is a part of the Swiss concern ROSE Systemtechnik includes: Systemtechnik” has successfully PHOENIX MECANO LLC IN RUSSIA. THIS EVENT MARKED Phoenix Mecano AG and since • enclosures for industrial gauges; passed all the necessary tests for UNITING OF REPRESENTATION OFFICES OF COMPANIES ROSE 2017 has been manufacturing and • enclosures for electronic compliance with the Federal standards SYSTEMTECHNIK, THE LEADING WORLD PRODUCER OF assembling finished products in the components and instruments; of industrial safety and operating Russian Federation under the name conditions at the facilities of JSC EXPLOSION-PROOF EQUIPMENT, AND BOPLA ENCLOSURE • enclosures for fire fighting of Phoenix Mecano LLC in addition equipment; GAZPROM. SYSTEMS, THE MANUFACTURER OF HULL SYSTEMS FOR to the already existing 15 plants of • enclosures for data recorders, For today the company ROSE ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION the company. measuring instruments and Systemtechnik” implemented projects One of the main directions of automation tasks; following the orders of the largest the company's production is the • enclosures for compact and built- oil and gas and petrochemical manufacture of explosion-proof in control devices, instrument industries in Russia, in particular, Keywords: explosion-proof equipment, hull systems, electronics, oil and gas, instrumentation. hulls. Explosion-proof (Ex e, Ex mounting systems and mobile Yamal SPG (PJSC Novatek), ia, Ex d) terminal boxes, button stands; arrangement of the Kharyaga oil field remote panels, control posts • stainless steel hulls (Commander (Total S.A.), reconstruction of the and cabinets made of aluminum, control systems, etc.); Ufa Refinery (PJSC ANK Bashneft), Alexey Potrebchuk, the partners and customers and On behalf of the companies polyester and stainless steel have • electromechanical components reconstruction of Kuibyshevsky and Head of the commercial strive to meet the current needs of ROSE Systemtechnik and been in operation for many decades (cable entries, membrane keypads, Novokuybyshevsky Refinery (PJSC department, the Russian market not only in the BOPLA Enclosure Systems we throughout the world, meeting the terminals, etc.). Oil Company Rosneft ), JSC Achinsk Phoenix Mecano LLC quality of the supplied equipment express our sincere and deep highest quality requirements and All products are accompanied by Oil Refinery VNK (PJSC Oil Company meeting the highest international gratitude to our partners for fruitful proving their reliability when used mandatory certificates of conformity Rosneft ), Kurgankhimmash LLC, standards, but also thanks to cooperation and their contribution in hazardous areas, aggressive (ATEX, GOST R, Certificate of TAF project (JSC Ammony), JSC convenient and reliable service, the to our joint activities and we hope chemical environments, arctic compliance with requirements Gazpromneft-Omsk Refinery, LLC implementation of non-standard that in the future our joint work On April 5, 2017, the solemn opening conditions (up to minus 60°C) and of the Customs Union Technical RN‑Tuapse Refinery (PJSC Oil Company tasks, development of customized will reach an even higher level of Phoenix Mecano LLC, which at tropical temperatures (up to Regulations 012/2011, Approval Rosneft), the Sakhalin-2 project (PJSC solutions, as well as an efficient and will be marked by a number was founded by the Swiss concern +135°C). of the Russian Maritime Register Gazprom) and many others. logistics system and high speed of of new joint achievements PHOENIX MECANO AG took place. order processing. and victories, and our mutual This event marked uniting of the relations will fully meet our mutual representation office of the company Active support and further interests. ROSE Systemtechnik, the world's development of relations with leading manufacturer of explosion- partners of the companies ROSE proof equipment, which this year Systemtechnik” and BOPLA celebrates the 10th anniversary of Enclosure Systems as one of successful operation in the markets the priority tasks of the company ROSE и BOPLA HULL SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION of Russia, CIS countries and former Phoenix Mecano includes: Soviet republics, with a very young • representation of interests of years of the presence of ROSE 20 The company BOPLA Enclosure • wall hulls for meters, data recorders The products of the company BOPLA representative office of the company companies ROSE Systemtechnik and BOPLA products in the markets Systems, founded in Germany in and other purposes; Enclosure Systems are operated “BOPLA Enclosure Systems, the and BOPLA Enclosure Systems of Russia and CIS countries; 1970 and being part of the Swiss • desktop hulls for laboratory all over the world, satisfying the manufacturer of hull systems for in the markets of Russia and electronics and instrumentation. concern Phoenix Mecano AG, equipment; highest international standards and CIS countries, promotion of More than professional 1,000 specializes in the development • 19-inch constructs and a wide proving their reliability when used in Phoenix Mecano AG, Switzerland existing products of companies employees all around the world; and production of high-quality range of components for them aggressive chemical environments (Phoenix Mecano AG) is an and launching new products and hull products for electronics and (telecommunication equipment, and at the widest temperature range. international group of companies, developments of plants; More than 15 plants around the instrumentation. The company equipment for railway); Applications range from sterile the world leader in manufacturing • opening of new production world; delivers standard products, as well • hulls for the support bar designed medical laboratories to oil refineries hulls and electronic components, the capacities and expansion of as carries out the development for the production of various kinds and mining equipment. competitive advantage of which is warehouse in Russia with the More than 15,000 nomenclature and implementation of customized of controllers; based on specialized knowledge and possibility of automated data positions; solutions for high-tech equipment for • standard enclosures made of Phoenix Mecano LLC experience, as well as on the use of access on the availability of various areas of production. aluminum, polyester, polycarbonate, modern production equipment and More than 1,000 projects 124489, Moscow, Zelenograd, equipment; Directions of production of the ABS-plastic, polystyrene and Sosnovaya Alleya, 6A, building 1, office 31 advanced technologies. successfully implemented in Russia • provision of special working company BOPLA Enclosure Systems polyamide; Phone: +7 (495) 984-25-11, While opening in Russia Phoenix conditions to distributors and and CIS countries over the are as follows: • electromechanical components Fax: +7 (495) 988-76-21 Mecano LLC, we think primarily other loyal partners of the past 10 years • enclosures for manual control (cable entries, membrane keypads, E-mail: [email protected] about the quality of our relations with company. devices; etc.). Web: www.rose-rf.ru

40 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 41 EQUIPMENT Neftegaz.RU # 6/2017 ACCENT ACCENT URALMASH OGE HOLDING IS A LEADING RUSSIAN PRODUCER OF DRILLING RIGS FOR EXPLOITATION AND DEEP EXPLORATION DRILLING WHOSE MAIN TASK IS TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE RUSSIAN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN DRILLING EQUIPMENT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE MOST STRINGENT REQUIREMENTS TO QUALITY, DELIVERY DATES AND MAINTENANCE SERVICE. WITH ACTIVE UDC 622.242 BUSINESS - BUSINESS - URALMASH ASSISTANCE OF THE STRATEGIC PARTNER OF THE HOLDING – GAZPROMBANK, THE COMPANY IS IMPLEMENTING A LARGE-SCALE PROGRAM OF MODERNIZATION OF PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND ENGINEERING. THE GENERAL DIRECTOR OF THE HOLDING YURI KARPOV TELLS ABOUT THE CURRENT DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OGE Keywords: drilling equipment, drilling rigs, drilling, import substitution, metal, components.

– Yuri Anatolievich, how was your company being Uralmashzavod based on a specially established? FACTS created holding. "Uralmash" was left in the name of the holding because Uralmash Oil and Gas Equipment Holding was this production association had HOLDING: established in November 2010. It combined design been the main one in our country to and production facilities for the production of produce drilling rigs and supply them drilling equipment of Machine Building Corporation both to the internal market and for Uralmash, CJSC and Uralmash-Drilling Equipment, 50 drilling devices of export since 1945. Understandably, WE HAVE LONG CJSC (URBO). At the same time, Uralmash- different class per year in those markets where we work Techservice, CJSC and the separate division is that indicator, which is today, this brand is still perfectly Uralmash-Engineering, LLC previously being part of planned to be achieved by the Holding’s power recognizable. Accordingly, the OMZ Group (United Heavy Machinery Plants), capacity in pursuance with Gazprombank decided to BEEN READY FOR were included in the Holding. In 2013, Neftemash production strategies consolidate and develop its "drilling" Plant, OJSC, BKU Plant, OJSC (Plant of Block- business based on Uralmash OGE Complete Devices) and Neftegazengineering, LLC Holding, LLC. were integrated into the structure of UOGEH. EXPLORATION By the way, our holding has also – Is there a link between the Holding and the 4 billion integrated some assets of the above heavy machinery corporation Uralmash? rubles is an amount of mentioned VZBT that has gone into implemented investment liquidation, at least in its previous – Uralmash OGE Holding is a completely program OF EASTERN capacity. independent economic entity not related to MK Uralmash, Uralmashzavod, PJSC or OMZ Group. The common shareholder Gazprombank is the Since – What is Uralmash OGE Holding SIBERIA only thing that unites us today. Moreover, we like today, and what helps it closely cooperate with these associations as part of maintain leadership at the drilling production cooperation. For example, OMZ Group equipment market? supplies steel castings and metal billets to us, and 2008 – We are a leading company in we cooperate with Uralmashzavod PJSC on drilling the average depth Russia for the production of drilling Yuri Anatolievich Karpov, pumps and metal machining. of new wells has increased General Director of by 10% equipment. We produce drilling Uralmash OGE Holding LLC Meanwhile, “Uralmash” became part of our holding’s rigs and almost the entire range name not by chance. Historically there were two of components to them. Currently, main enterprises producing drilling equipment in about 3 thousand people work the Soviet Union: Uralmashzavod and Volgograd in our holding. The structure of Drilling Equipment Plant (VZBT). In due time, Uralmash OGE Holding includes Uralmashzavod had allocated its manufacture of three production sites. The first one drilling equipment into a separate structure - URBO. is the URBO plant in Yekaterinburg For a long time, URBO has remained a subdivision where a little more than one of Uralmashzavod, but then the company was thousand people work. It produces purchased by the oil service company Integra. about 7 thousand tons of metal When Uralmashzavod fell under Gazprombank's a year. The enterprise produces control, the new shareholder decided to revive the high-tech equipment - drilling production of drilling equipment. Therefore, in 2010, pumps and winches, top drives, URBO was purchased from Integra and combined hoist systems and rotors. That is, with those "drilling" design units that remained at all that drives the rigs into action.

42 43 EQUIPMENT Neftegaz.RU # 6/2017 ACCENT ACCENT To date, Gazprombank has invested most of Two design divisions function include the Arctic drilling rig - we made four of its investments into this plant. Here, powerful FACTS in the structure of Uralmash them for NOVATEK, PJSC and one - for the Integra metalworking complexes have already been built OGE Holding, LLC – in a Group. It is a block-modular installation whose based on imported - Japanese, South Korean About Yekaterinburg branch and in the working premises are completely hidden from BUSINESS - BUSINESS - and German – equipment. However, URBO Neftegazengineering branch in wind, precipitation and frost and are heated from modernization and development keeps up. Volgograd. The Yekaterinburg the inside with hot air. People can work on it in branch employs the former team of any weather condition wearing light clothes. Now, The second site is located in Tyumen – it is "drilling" designers of Uralmash. In these rigs are used in Yamal at the South Tambey the BKU Plant, which Uralmash OGE Holding % 22 the Volgograd branch – the team field and in Eastern Siberia at the Kuyumbinskoye acquired in 2012. Today, about one thousand is a growth of volumes of of recently liquidated VZBT. By field. In addition, we produce fixed machines of people work here as well. The plant specializes the market of nodes and STA (spare parts, tools and the way, let me remind you that 200 tons to 700 tons class. Thus, we produce mainly in the production of welded metal. It accessories) for drilling in Soviet times, Uralmash was almost the entire range of land drilling rigs. performs welding of drilling rigs, circulation equipment since 2012 engaged in heavy drilling rigs – of systems, stairs, platforms, and so on. So far, the 200 tons to 700 tons class, and – How many ready-to-use drilling rigs can the enterprise produces 14 thousand tons of metal VZBT dealt with light installations. Holding produce per year? And what is the a year. But this year, we expect to complete its Accordingly, even today, our total production capacity? modernization, after which the production capacity designers in Volgograd mainly will reach 22 thousand tons of metal a year. % –Nowadays, our holding is able to provide about 85 design mobile drilling rigs, and in The third site is located in Otradnoye of Samara is a share of own Yekaterinburg - heavier machines. 40 drilling rigs annually in production because a production of Uralmash drilling rig production cycle is about 9 months on region - this is the Neftemash Plant, which OGE Holding LLC at the Uralmash OGE Holding acquired in 2012. present moment – How wide is the product and average. Today, we produce about 30 ready-made The company employs about 400 people. It service range of Uralmash OGE machines a year, and in production, there are produces a little more than 3 thousand tons of Holding? about forty of them each year. metal annually. At Neftemash, modernizationis also under way, after which the production – Our performance capabilities – Who are the main customers? allow us to design and produce capacity shall reach 5 thousand tons a year. It, – Taking last six years preceding 2015, Gazprom like BKU, mainly produces welded metal and land-based drilling rigs of all types, a wide range of block-complete oil Drilling, LLC was our key customer, which had circulation systems. Moreover, the productions of been part of Gazprom until 2011. And in 2015- mechanisms such as screw conveyors and high- and gas equipment, as well as to provide a full range of services. In 2016, Rosneft, which we signed contracts for pressure cranes operate. The only thing we do not the supply of a total of 28 drilling rigs with, took do at Neftemash is we do not weld drilling rigs. particular, we make mobile units of 160 tons to 200 tons class, both its place in the order portfolio of Uralmash OGE This is done only at URBO and at BKU. In addition Holding. Now, these orders have been fulfilled, and to the three listed production sites, we have the on semitrailers and self-propelled ones. We supplied seven of such all the rigs shipped by us are in operation. Let me service company Uralmash-Techservice where remind you that in the structure of Rosneft there is about 250 people work. This is our one-hundred- machines to Gazprom Drilling, LLC in 2013. We also produce cluster a specialized company RN-Drilling, LLC, which we percent "subsidiary", which provides full service We have signed an Iranian machines of 160 tons to 450 tons mainly interact with. support for drilling rigs, both of our production and FACTS contract for the supply of 12 fixed class, which move in the field from The second and third positions after RN-Drilling, any other. It also repairs top drives, both domestic 450-ton class cars, but again, a well to a well on the rails drilling LLC is occupied by Surgutneftegaz and ERIELL. and imported ones - Varco, Tesco, Bentec and unfortunately, our Iranian partners out cluster sites. The unique We supplied 11 drilling rigs to Surgutneftegaz just others. would not solve the financing drilling rig "Yekaterina" belongs to the year before last. All of them are in operation issue. Though, the design work Today, most customers request us not only to this type of rigs; Gazprom ordered today. thous for this order has long been ship a drilling rig but to bring it to the drilling development and production 3 employees are working completed by our designers. point, mount it, start it up and deliver it on turnkey of it by our enterprise in 2007 – Are export work streams developing? in the structure of Uralmash basis. Therefore, our logistics service is engaged (not yet part of Uralmash OGE OGE Holding LLC So, we are actively heading the in shipment and delivery of drilling rigs, and Holding then). We produced 11 – We are actively engaged in foreign projects, but, foreign direction, and we hope Uralmash-Techservice receives, assembles, starts such vehicles in a year then, unfortunately, it has not reached the supplies yet. that we will be able to successfully and services them. nine of which were shipped to For example, we had a project in Syria, as long enter the export markets soon. ago as before the war. We practically created a This enterprise is engaged in repair of drilling Bovanenkovo, two - to Urengoy. joint company - we were going even to organize equipment on our Yekaterinburg industrial site. We Today, they work in various parts – What regions do the supplies localization of our production in Homs. But the war also possess one of the most powerful "drilling" of Russia including Chayanda in of Uralmash OGE Holding began, and it became impossible. design bureaus not only in Russia, but also in the Yakutia. equipment mainly go to? world. Comparing Uralmash OGE Holding, let’s We interacted very actively with Venezuela. For – So far, our main supply say, with the Chinese oil equipment company – What is their uniqueness? our part, we had it all worked out and prepared, direction is Western Siberia. In Honghua Group Limited or American National but as soon as it came to financing, the process – The structure of these drilling particular, it includes the regions of Oilwell Varco, we employ approximately the same stopped. And in general, it is understandable why - rigs includes a cementing complex, Nefteyugansk and Nizhnevartovsk number of designers. There are around 350 the economic situation in this country is extremely which ensures well cementing where Rosneft operates. Speaking people in our holding. difficult and it is only getting worse lately. while drilling. Our unique rigs also about the shipments for Gazprom

44 45 EQUIPMENT Neftegaz.RU # 6/2017 ACCENT ACCENT projects, we have shipped two machines for pumping drilling mud. Therefore, equipment in the driller's cabin. Boost air charging oil-service company ERIELL near Urengoy this FACTS there are aspects that do not is arranged into the cabin, which would simply year. We expected there would be large drilling depend on us here. prevent the gas from entering it when leaving equipment orders as part of exploration of Eastern the cabin. As a result, the equipment may not be BUSINESS - BUSINESS - In spite of this, we are quite Siberia by Gazprom but, unfortunately, we do explosion-proof here. actively engaged in import not see any big activity in this direction so far. substitution jointly with a number Nevertheless, if it occurs, we have long been months – Do you embrace innovations? 9 of domestic enterprises. And, I ready for it. this is an average complete production cycle of a drilling think, we will be able to produce a – Of course. Now, for example, we are developing device completely Russian car in 1.5- – Who are the main competitors of your new generation drilling pumps. We have a very 2 years. Thus, production of a Holding among the Russian and foreign extensive research and development program. domestic cleaning system has companies? For instance, we have signed a protocol on been launched at Russian plants - cooperation with Gazprom Neft, within which we – We do not have any serious competitors among we have tested it, and now we will are engaged in the development of an upper drive domestic companies today. Of course, in the past 24 thous. tons make procurements and install it for offshore drilling rigs, an automated wrench for on our basic drilling rigs. 4 years, new manufacturers have entered the of metal constructions unscrewing and screwing up of drilling pipes and Russian market of complete drilling rigs, which is generally produced of a new drilling pump as well. We have signed by the industrial sites Domestic electric motors of the were previously specialized in the production of of Uralmash OGE Holding main drives of drilling rigs were the relevant protocols with Gazpromneft-Sakhalin separate units of drilling equipment. These are LLC developed at Electroprom plant LLC, and established the working groups. So, we PG “Generation” (Bulanash Machine-Building in Lysva and Snezhinsk Plant of are actively working in this direction. Plant, JSC), USPK, CJSC (Ural-Siberian Industrial Special Electric Machines. We Company) and Kliver, LLC. On the other hand, have accepted the equipment of – How profound is the Holding’s cooperation our largest direct competitors - VZBT and GK the first enterprise for testing, and with other Russian enterprises? "Kungur" (OJSC "Kungur Machine-Building Plant") drillers have tested the second one – The degree of cooperation with domestic went bankrupt in 2014 – 2015. at Rosneft. enterprises declines with the development of The Western manufacturers of drilling rigs, Until recently, we had to purchase our holding. While in 2011 the share of our own Bentec, Drillmec and others, primarily Americans, the drilling winch control systems production was about 25%, it is about 85% today. Germans and Italians, have occupied no more operated with joystick from the Of course, sometimes we place large orders for than 13% of the Russian market in the past 4 driller's cabin only by import from cooperation. After all, there are different cases. years. The Romanians who used to be one of the German Bentec. Today, similar For example, we can win several large contracts main foreign suppliers of drilling equipment to the domestic systems are developed at once with the same delivery dates, but the USSR and Russia appear to have left the market and prepared for production production cycle of a drilling rig is nine months of land installations. At least, I do not see them by Start NPP named after A.I. whether you want it or not. At the same time, anywhere on tenders, in which we participate. Yaskin, Scientific and Production it is senseless to increase our own production Apparently, because the Romanian company Association of Automatics capacities dramatically, so that they do not Upetrom is currently focused on the development named after academician N.A. become redundant. Our production strategy is FACTS increasing the capacity of our of offshore equipment. Semikhatov and the Novosibirsk However, there are areas of cooperation that we company "RosEngineering". We facilities to the level of 50 drilling Our main competitors in the Russian market are, are interested to support and develop. Let's say, are currently conducting their rigs of various classes per year. as before, the Chinese manufacturers of drilling the same electricity, and the "brains of the rig" industrial tests. For this purpose, an investment rigs, such as, for example, HongHua, HaiHua, RG CTD (complete thyristor devices) and LCD (low- program of about 4 billion rubles Petro-Machinery and DFXK Petroleum Machinery. Alongside the creation of voltage complete devices) - this is traditionally 2 is being implemented. To date, our cooperation. All this is done by Russian imported equipment analogs, design offices operate we have already explored – How big is the share of imported we are actively engaged in the companies. in the structure of about 2.5 billion. I think that components in the products of the Holding? Uralmash OGE Holding development and implementation By the way, most recently, we signed an LLC we will complete this process Are there any plans regarding import of innovations. For example, the agreement with German Siemens and next year. This is extremely substitution? manufacture of a driller's cabin Electroprom on cooperation in creating machinery important, because you can not has been very costly for us until for offshore drilling sites with the localization do what is done in the world – In monetary terms, the share of imported now. The thing is, it is located in without high-tech and high- components in our products is around 25% now. of Siemens production in St. Petersburg. This the gas contamination zone at the equipment may be used in land installations as precision machining equipment. This is mainly European, American and Chinese drilling site, thus, all equipment in For example, we were buying equipment. But not at all because we cannot do well. We will give assignments to them, and they it is explosion-proof. As a rule, it will develop and produce the equipment we need. American, German and Canadian something in Russia. In fact, we produce drilling is the most expensive. Just like, top drives, which could not be rigs in accordance with the technical requirements for example, an explosion-proof – What direction will your company develop in made by anyone here. Now, we of the customer who often wants to have definite household computer will cost a future? have launched their production, components of specific production in their rig. sequence higher than a usual one. and successfully supply them For example, cleaning systems, electric motors, But we have found a way to avoid – Our business strategy is obtaining the biggest to the market. We are going to drilling control systems, centrifugal pumps for the need to use explosion-proof possible market share. expand the line - today we are

46 47 EQUIPMENT CHRONOGRAPH

WHAT

ACCENT into 320 tons class, and our goal is to master the modernization is under way, but drives of the classes above and below. FACTS modern drilling standards and technologies dictate their complete Neftegaz.RU In the longer term, our strategy involves access to replacement. It effects the speed

BUSINESS - marine technology and offshore drilling market. For WROTE ABOUT and efficiency of penetration, the this purpose, a special design office has already efficiency of mobilization of drilling been established in our holding. Conceptually, we 10 YEARS AGO… In equipment, and accordingly, the are already ready for what will be required of us in 2016 timing of well construction. this regards, which is confirmed, in particular, by The “LEANiYA” project started in Gazpromneft- Prime Minister of Norway Gazprom Fleet, LLC. If something will be needed Khantos Suffice to say that today, we additionally, then, most likely, this will be some observe a trend of an increase in is probing the sea for occasional investments. For example, acquirement the average depth of new wells Norwegian companies of a machine for processing a particular part. since 2008 by 10%, as well as a three-fold increase in the volume On June 7, 2007, the Prime Minister of Norway E.Stoltenberg arrived – How, in your opinion, will the market situation thousand of horizontal drilling thenforth in IEA predicts Russia's "end Gazprom sells gas from Russia. This suggests a growing in Moscow as part of a five-day develop? What are the prospects? 5 of oil" since 2010 undeveloped Kovykta of employees and need to use new, heavier mobile official visit to Russia. "The main working today in the SSC – Drilling, which we are engaged in, is very company, which has drilling rigs with the carrying attention will be paid to the issues On June 13, 2007, the International After having bought TNK-BP's share sensitive to world oil prices. When the price falls - 7 divisions in the regions capacity of 200-250 tons, as well of cooperation in the energy sector, Energy Agency published a report in the Kovykta field in 2007, Gazprom of the RF the investment programs of our customers are cut as fixed and cluster rigs with the the development of our relations in according to which oil production in has not yet begun to recover gas, back as well. And they, of course, primarily reduce carrying capacity of 250-400 tons. the Far North in the Barents Sea area Russia will decrease and cease in 3 but has already begun to think years. about where to sell this gas. The the drilling volumes. Accordingly, purchases of Of course, not everyone can afford and further deepening of them," the drilling equipment fall. Therefore, making any upgrading of the drilling fleet. Norwegian Prime Minister said. Experts of the agency substantiate most profitable options are two. The predictions is a thankless task. But we can analyze Smaller players are forced to deal this conclusion by the fact that development of the Kovykta field can the situation. with repairs and modernization, by 2010 the Russian Federation be started not within the long term and will be carried out at an intensive Experts predict that the decline in oil production in since they simply do not have will reach a peak in oil production pace, said A. Medvedev. Possible 2017 agreed with OPEC and other hydrocarbon enough money to buy new growth, which is due to the producing countries will not have an impact on equipment. Thus, since 2013 the uncertainty of foreign investors in markets for gas from the Kovykta drilling volumes in Russia. Given the gradual volume of the Russian market of the energy sector of the Russian field are China and Korea. decline in oil production in the first half of this drilling rigs for production and deep economy. At the same time since year from 11.2 million to 10.9 million barrels per exploration drilling has decreased 2012 a decrease in oil production day, the total volume of oil production in 2017 will by 40%, to the level of 2009-2011. may begin, the IEA says. Experts say remain at the level of 2016 - about 546 million On the other hand, there is an that Russian companies will not have increase in the market volume of tons. Comment enough funds of their own to greatly components and SPA (spare parts, increase the oil production base. For example, in 2015, oil production in our country tools and accessories) to drilling Neftegaz RU increased by 1.3%, and drilling by 10%, in 2016, . equipment - since 2012, the growth Comment the growth was 2% and 12%, respectively. Today, most European companies has been about 22%. have scrapped to their projects in Thus, Rosneft increased its hydrocarbon Neftegaz RU Russia, but Russian companies . production by 4%, drilling by 35% in 2016. In turn, Today, only large companies can Comment are showing an active interest in Today Russia not only does not Surgutneftegaz increased its production by 0.2%, afford buying new drilling rigs, European oil and gas fields. In increase production, but on the Neftegaz RU and drilling - by 7%. primarily such as Rosneft and . Surgutneftegaz, which have their particular, to the Norwegian fields. contrary, it reduces it. Throughout In 2014, Gazprom and CNPC May of 2017, within the framework Since 2018, the developers of Russian fields, own drilling units. For example, So, Rosneft considers the Norwegian signed an agreement on the supply of the agreement with the OPEC where residual oil reserves exceed 150 million Surgutneftegaz always, as soon shelf as highly prospective for its of Russian gas to China along the countries, Russia provides a tons, and the degree of watering exceeds 90%, as a crisis occurs, buys new participation in its development and eastern route. It is assumed that plans to continue participating in reduction in oil production by 300 will receive tax benefits suggesting reduction in the drilling rigs. The drillers who work natural gas can be delivered from new license rounds for the blocks on thousand barrels per day. Russia mineral extraction tax (MET) by half. An obligatory independently now feel more Russia to China for 30 years in the achieved the level of 300 thousand condition for obtaining the benefits is the confirmed the Norwegian shelf for geological amount of 38 bcm per year via the difficulties. barrels per day at the end of April fact of drilling increase by three times. Accordingly, exploration (GE). Rosneft entered Sila Sibiri-1 MGL. MGL will connect Meanwhile, the main prospects the Norwegian shelf in June 2013, 2017. "In May, we have been the companies developing the fields that meet the Kovykta and Chayandinskoye for the development of our holding having signed an agreement with holding minus 300 thousand barrels these conditions will seek to increase the amount fields with the Amur gas processing are mainly due to the large- Statoil and obtained a 20% stake over 22 days. In previous years, of footage. station, and from there gas will be scale approach of domestic oil in PL713 license, which includes 4 the production was constantly supplied to China. But the authorities If we forecast taking into account the rig fleet and gas companies to Eastern blocks on the Barents Sea shelf. In growing. So, in 2014, the growth of the Irkutsk region are not yet in Russia and its wear, our prospects are also Siberia and the continental shelf August 2014, Rosneft and Statoil in oil production in Russia was able to agree with Gazprom on the quite good. Just a little more than a thousand of Russia. Therefore, planning began exploration on the Pingvin 0.6% compared to 2013. And in gasification of the Irkutsk region by drilling rigs are working in our country now. our development, we are largely license block PL713, then the first 2012, Russia overtook even Saudi accelerating the commissioning of About 70% of them are physically and morally focused on the future needs of the exploratory borehole was drilled and Arabia for oil production, once again the Kovykta gas condensate field, obsolete. Undoubtedly, their reconstruction and Gazprom Group. a gas deposit with reserves of 7.8 bn becoming the world's largest oil- despite the fact that gas is supplied m3 was discovered. producing country. only to 8.1% of the region.

48 [3] Neftegaz.RU ~ 49 EQUIPMENT Neftegaz.RU # 6/2017 ACCENT ACCENT THE CREATION OF MODERN RUSSIAN DRILLING RIGS FOR OFFSHORE OPERATIONS IS ONE OF THE KEY DIRECTIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY’S FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX, AND THE PRODUCTION OF SUCH EQUIPMENT IN RUSSIA IS THE MOST IMPORTANT NATIONAL TASK. IN MARCH 2017, AN AGREEMENT WAS SIGNED IN MOSCOW, WHICH EXPERTS, WITHOUT EXAGGERATION, CALL A UDC 622.242 BUSINESS - BUSINESS - THE EQUIPMENT LANDMARK IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION PROGRAMS. THE COMPANIES THAT ARE THE LEADERS IN THEIR AREAS - URALMASH NGO HOLDING, SIEMENS AND ELEKTROPROM - DOCUMENTED A PARTNERSHIP IN THE SPHERE OF DRILLING RIGS FOR OFFSHORE DRILLING, INCLUDING THE AREAS WITH EXTREMELY SEVERE CLIMATIC AND OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS

OF NATIONAL Keywords: drilling equipment, drilling rigs, agreement, cooperation, shelf, climatic risks ofoffshore drilling.

The head of Siemens LLC (the parent company develops and develops new of Siemens AG in Russia, Belarus and Central FACTS elements of drilling equipment. Asia), Dietrich Möller, being the host of the place of Among the novelties from the IMPORTANCE The developments and signing the agreement, said: “This is the beginning technologies of Uralmash holding, for example, is the top of a great and fruitful work. I am sure that a team NGO Holding are the drive system, which was fully fundamental basis for that unites three such partners can create high- future models of offshore developed in Russia - it is currently quality drilling equipment for not only Russia, but drilling rigs manufactured and successfully DRILLING RIGS FOR also, I hope, for export deliveries. It goes without operates under the most severe saying that this equipment will be produced at the conditions. This example is more highest technological level”. than indicative, since the top drive It is to be recalled that that Siemens AG (Berlin is the most complex and expensive billion element of a modern drilling rig. OFFSHORE DRILLING and Munich) is the world’s leading technology 67 group company, which operates in more than the volume of investments It is important to note that in the Russian electric 200 countries and specializes in such areas power industry in 2016 Uralmash NGO Holding has been WILL BE CREATED as electrification, automation and digitalization. successfully developing import Siemens is one of the world’s largest suppliers of substitution in the field of drilling energy-efficient and resource-saving technologies. In March equipment since its foundation, The enterprise is one of the leading manufacturers and in 7 years, it has managed to IN RUSSIA of combined-cycle plants for efficient energy achieve very high results in this production, a provider of solutions for its sphere. Thanks to the efforts of the transmission, a pioneer in the field of infrastructure 2017 holding, the undisputed national solutions, automation technologies and software for Uralmash NGO Holding, leader in the development and the industry. Siemens and Electroprom creation of modern drilling rigs, it signed an agreement on happened that not only the negative However, in the new partnership, Uralmash NGO partnership for the creation Holding is to play the central production and of offshore drilling rigs trends that threatened the loss of technological role. It acts not only as the creator the domestic drilling equipment of the final equipment (its workshops are going to market could be stopped, but the be the place where the appearance of each drilling situation was reversed. rig will be formed with the inclusions of elements Today, the structure of the domestic created by the partners). In addition to that, it is market of drilling equipment is cited planned that Uralmash will supply the products to as an example of a reasonable buyers, both Russian and foreign ones: the signing policy of strengthening the national also outlined the export prospects of the equipment industrial safety. At the same time, being created in the partnership. By the way, it the share of Russian equipment is was the head of Siemens who declared about the growing steadily, primarily due to export. the efforts made by Uralmash NGO Moreover, the inventions and technologies of Holding to develop and produce Uralmash NGO Holding are the fundamental high-quality drilling equipment basis for future models of offshore drilling rigs. (considering that the quality is Having absorbed the best engineering and an absolute market condition for production experience of Soviet drilling equipment development). schools, the holding has created the largest Moreover, absolutely natural in engineering center in Russia and one of the world’s this way was the signing of an leading engineering centers, which successfully agreement that consolidated the

50 51 EQUIPMENT Neftegaz.RU # 6/2017 ACCENT ACCENT that the equipment will be supplied primarily to Russian mining companies. Among the potential consumers, Yuri Karpov at the BUSINESS - BUSINESS - signing ceremony called Rosneft, Gazprom, and Surgutneftegaz. “The agreement signed is a new step in the cooperation between our companies. This work is planned as the development of joint long-term positive experience in the creation of modern ground- based drilling rigs for the Arctic conditions of Russia. One of the joint significant projects was the project to equip the unique “Arktika” drilling rigs with electric drives - these drilling rigs are used to drill the Yuzhno- Tambeyskoye gas condensate field for NOVATEK. These plants have proved to be highly effective and reliable in the difficult climatic conditions of the Arctic during their work”, Yuri Karpov said. intention of the three leading companies to make The director general of special efforts to create offshore drilling rigs. The FACTS Elektroprom, Boris Abramov, director general of Uralmash NGO Holding Yuri also noted the importance of the Karpov, the director general of Elektroprom Boris efforts combined: “In Russia, there Abramov and the president of Siemens in Russia are production complexes that, Dietrich in cooperation with the world’s M ller signed the agreement. tons 9 leading manufacturers, can create the creation of equipment for the work in very way of investment, development, The lifting capacity of It is important to note that the engineering drilling rigs produced by a drilling platform. Today we unite difficult climatic conditions. We hope that FACTS and modernization of production company Elektroprom has long been specialized Uralmash NGO Holding our efforts in Russia to create such together with our reliable partners - Uralmash and technological lines at the in the development and production of automated a technology center, and I am sure NGO Holding and Elektroprivod, we will solve holding’s enterprises. electric drives for various industries in Russia, The creation of modern that we will cope with this task”. all the problems. The signing of this partnership It is important to recall that the including for ground and offshore drilling rigs. Russian drilling rigs is one “The cooperation with such leading agreement is really an important strategic step holding already has a successful In recent years, the company has developed, of the key directions of the for Siemens. We also associate a certain working In country’s fuel and energy companies in the field of oil and 1976 experience of innovative manufactured and delivered a complex of electric complex development gas equipment as Uralmash NGO load of our Siemens Elektroprivod plant in St. Uralmashzavod developments in cooperation drives with the automated control systems of produced the first Holding and Elektroprom opens Petersburg with this agreement. We are hoping semisubmersible drilling rig with Siemens and Elektroprom. the support-lifting device and an additional new opportunities for us. I am for a large number of orders from Russian (“Uralmash-6500 PEM”) For example, in partnership with charge system for diesel-electric stations of the confident that together with our customers, in particular from Rosneft, Gazprom, these companies, Uralmash NGO “Arkticheskaya” self-lifting drilling rig, as well as Russian partners we will be able to Surgutneftegaz, NOVATEK”. Holding created a new model of a set of electric drives of the main mechanisms launch the production of modern Yuri Karpov supported his colleague: “Our very the unique “Arktika” drilling rig, of the drilling complex of the“Obskaya-1” floating drilling equipment for projects close cooperation with Siemens and Elektroprom which successfully operates at drilling rig. implemented in difficult climatic has been lasting for many years. We know each the Yuzhno-Tambeyskoye field. At the first stage, the partners agreed to prepare conditions. The planned joint work other well, we have produced a large number In the new project, the holding a plan for the development of drilling rigs will be our common contribution to of drilling rigs jointly, we have great confidence and its partners face with another with the manufacturing at Russian production the Russian engineering industry, in each other. The signed agreement confirms important innovation task to facilities, and with the full localization of the the development of which is one of that we will continue to cooperate and develop create a national drilling complex production, if necessary, including special the main priorities of the country’s the production of more and more perfect drilling for offshore operations. Each elements of mechanical and electrical equipment economy”, Dietrich Möller said. equipment for our customers. I do not have even of the partners has a lot of own used at offshore drilling rigs. It is assumed that He also declared: “The localization a bit of doubt that we will succeed. We will make developments and technologies the production sites of all the partners will be of the production of offshore good quality equipment for the development of that they contribute to the new involved. drilling rigs is another technological offshore deposits”. cooperation, thus creating The participants of the agreement expect that challenge for us, so to speak, Behind these words of the head of the leading the necessary block of basic the joint project will be successful. It is expected because we are talking about national producer of drilling equipment is a great technologies and expertise.

52 53 MARKET MARKET

TABLE 1. Allocation of unclaimed recoverable oil and gas reserves in Russia1 require preliminary conditioning and separation of fatty fractions, and GEOLOGICAL AND Oil, million tons Gas, billion cubic meters separation of helium for the East Status А+В+С1 С2 А+В+С1 С2 Siberian fields. In fact, to ensure the rational operation of idle gas fields, Unallocated fund 552 438 2000 2213 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF it is necessary to create a new large Prepared for industrial 971 422 11789 2760 gas processing industry. development In these conditions, the tasks Undeveloped and of geologists include primarily OIL AND GAS RESOURCES 1668 2546 6719 3454 conserved prospecting and exploration of new TOTAL in the RF 3191 3456 19908 8427 competitive, highly efficient oil fields as a basis for increasing the efficiency and the identification of industrially 1 According to VNIGRI’s evaluation significant, highly profitable gas of geological exploration fields in areas with developed gas Low investment attractiveness is profitability of the development. production system and close to one of the reasons for the formation At the same time, these reserves operating or designed gas main pipelines. THE CONDITION OF THE HYDROCARBON RESOURCE BASE OF RUSSIA IS GIVEN, THE STRATEGIC of a huge amount of unclaimed make up a quarter of the country's DIRECTIONS OF OIL AND GAS RESOURCES EXPLORATION ARE CONSIDERED, THE METHODOLOGICAL reserves, which exceeds 6.6 billion explored oil resource base. For today it is possible to outline 3 FUNDAMENTALS OF THE ECONOMIC-GEOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF OIL AND GAS RESOURCES ARE tons of oil, and 28.3 trillion m of gas Excluding them from active industrial six basic directions of regeneration (table 1). turnover will significantly reduce the PRESENTED, POSSIBLE RISKS ARE SHOWN AND THE DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING OF THE ECONOMIC- of hydrocarbon resource base in oil supply to the oil industry. Russia (table 2). GEOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION ARE Most of the unclaimed oil reserves JUSTIFIED account for the undeveloped and The overwhelming part of the The resource potential of some of conserved reserves of the exploited volume of unclaimed gas reserves these directions is comparatively Key words: oil, gas, economic-geological evaluation, exploration, reserves, resources, deposits, resource base, strategy deposits, totaling more than 4 comes from well-known deposits the same, but the effectiveness development, cost, risk, efficiency, profitability. billion tons. Almost one and a half prepared for industrial development. of prospecting and exploration billion tons of reserves are idle UDC 553.98.042:550.8.003.1(470+571) Acceleration of their bringing into of deposits in them will vary while waiting for commissioning. development depends primarily significantly. About one billion tons of oil is in the on the energy market environment The current stage of development a result, to an excess of oil supply in For example, the preparation of Valentin Ivanovich unallocated subsoil reserve fund. and the possibility of attracting of the world oil industry is the world energy markets. reserves in the old oil-producing Nazarov, A detailed analysis of the reasons huge amounts of investment for the characterized by the emergence regions that are at the final stages Chief Researcher, Oil actually lost the status of a for the down time of a large part creation of transport and industrial of operation will certainly be better VNIGRI JSC, of new efficient methods and scarce strategic resource and is of unclaimed oil reserves was not infrastructure. In addition, a number than, say, in East Siberia. But at the Doctor of Economics, Professor technologies for increasing now seen as a valuable commodity, carried out. We can assume that, of the major unclaimed fields contain oil recovery in existing fields, same time, the costs of industrial the profitability of which depends on most likely, it is caused by low multicomponent gases, which development of newly discovered Oleg Sergeevich increasing their resource base, and, the level of market prices. Krasnov, most importantly, by introducing This condition is decisive in Deputy General Director, huge accumulations of shale oil and TABLE 2. Strategic directions of development of hydrocarbon resource base of Russia VNIGRI JSC, gas into industrial turnover. assessing the efficiency of geological exploration, the costs of The volume of recovered Doctor of Economics, Professor The combined impact of these which can be justified only in the Направления освоения УВ базы resources1 Conditions for implementation factors has led to a sharp increase case of identifying oil and gas fields Lyudmila Vladimirovna in the extraction potential of the Oil, billion tons Gas, trillion m3 Medvedeva, which are investment-attractive for hydrocarbon resource base and, as the development. Identification and exploration of small Laboratory Head, and medium-sized, low-rate, deep-sunk ~ 12 ~ 40 Implementation of new technologies, tax incentives VNIGRI JSC, Compliance with this condition deposits in old oil producing regions Doctor of Economics is very relevant for Russia, Identification and exploration of large regeneration and exploration Allocation of major investments in facility deposits in new areas with poor ~ 28 ~ 53 of the hydrocarbon resource development, industrial and transport infrastructure base of which is characterized infrastructure by deterioration of its structure Creation of technologies for the development of Identification and exploration of large deposits under ice and under water and allocation of and qualitative parameters of the ~ 9 ~ 95 detected fields. They discover, as a and unique deposits on the Arctic shelf the largest investments in the facility development, rule, small deposits, located in the industrial and transport infrastructure industrialized regions, or medium Involvement in the development of Increase of investment attractiveness of unclaimed ~ 6.6 ~ 28.3 and even large deposits, but in unclaimed reserves of open fields reserves due to new technologies remote areas and in inaccessible Increase in oil recovery of developed water areas. The profitability of the ~ 12 – 15 – Involvement of new technologies for oil recovery deposits development of such deposits is relatively low and does not always Involvement in development of non- allow justifying the investment risks traditional hydrocarbon resources ~ 10 ~ 8 Involving of new technologies, tax incentives associated with their prospecting (Bazhenov formation) and exploration. 1 According to VNIGRI experts’ estimates

54 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 55 MARKET MARKET

deposits are fairly lower. A similar identifying such reserves is the be carried out separately for groups FIG.1. Schematic diagram of geological and economic evaluation of oil and gas resources which is determined after deducting situation will develop in the course allocation of promising oil and gas of different geological exploration from the total amount of the ITR of geological exploration on the territories and water areas and degree [1]. of the resources of the already Arctic shelf. The costs of preparing facilities, geological and economic discovered deposits and the reserves on the large and unique evaluation of the resource potential Sequence of geological localized resources of the structures oil and gas fields projected here of which corresponds to the and economic evaluation of identified and prepared for drilling. can be relatively low, but huge accepted economic criteria. resources and tasks to be It is necessary to exclude from investments (up to $ 1 trillion by the total amount of localized and The last geological and economic expert estimates) will be required to solved non-localized resources technically evaluation of the Russian create above-water and underwater Geological and economic evaluation inaccessible deposits that cannot be Federation's resources which producing complexes, tanker and of oil and gas resources consists explored or involved in development was completed in 2014 allowed auxiliary fleets. due to various restrictions. The to determine the volume of of two blocks – geological and distribution obtained of localized and In general, the Arctic shelf with profitable resources in various oil economic (Figure 1). non-localized resources in terms of its giant prognostic hydrocarbon and gas provinces and regions of In the geological block, a quantitative mining and geological parameters resource base is one of the basic the country, the need for capital evaluation of resources is carried characterizes the resource potential regions. However, the opportunities investments in their search, out. of the evaluated territory, which can for its cost-effective exploration and exploration and development, be explored and developed under development should be confirmed and revenue from involvement in Approximation of GEE of resources existing or forecasting technological through a geological and economic industrial turnover. to solving practical problems of and economic conditions. evaluation (GEE). subsoil use requires improvement However, it did not find wide of methods of their quantitative The allocation of technically The methodology of geological application for the reason that it did evaluation. Given the probabilistic inaccessible resource groups and economic evaluation of oil not have a close connection with the character of exploration results is based on modern technical and gas resources in Russia has existing subsoil use practice. associated with the possible non- capabilities and technologies for basically developed and undergone Among the GEE facilities (oil and confirmation of the oil and gas prospecting and developing of oil practical testing in the course of the gas bearing provinces, regions, potential of the exploration and and gas fields in complex mining, repeatedly conducted estimates of complexes and local structures) prospecting of deposits and the geological and natural climatic the forecasting hydrocarbon base of there were no basic subsoil use amount of their resource potential, conditions. the territories and water areas of the facilities – licensed areas. Moreover, it is necessary to refuse from the country. The basic amount of technically we did not take into account the current deterministic evaluation of inaccessible resources refers to differences in the exploration degree hydrocarbon resources and switch It is a combination of geological, the deep-sea zones of the Arctic and reliability of the various resource to an interval-probabilistic evaluation. technological and economic shelf, within the boundaries of groups, the geological and economic methods that allow quantitative Calculations of resource amount which oil and gas reserves can be evaluation of which is necessary in and qualitative assessment of the for all types of oil and gas facilities identified and explored, but there accordance with the requirements amount of hydrocarbon resources, should be carried out using the are no technical means for their of a new classification of reserves the technical capabilities of their methodology of probabilistic development. development, the costs of preparing and resources of oil and combustible evaluation according to the minimum In each oil-and-gas bearing area and developing of reserves and gases. (confirmability of 10%), maximum there are regional exploration floors, possible revenue. (confirmability of 90%) and the most In order to strengthen the role of including one or more oil and gas probable (confirmability of 50%) Geological and economic evaluation GEE as an important tool for making bearing complexes, the exploration options. The most probable (basic of resources in accordance with the management decisions at the early of which is carried out by a single variant) is accepted as the main one requirements of the Classification of stages of geological exploration, it well system. For each individual for further geological and economic reserves and resources of oil and should be made more differentiated. facility, there is identified its calculations. combustible gases should be carried As part of the evaluation facilities, belonging to a regional exploration out separately by groups of different along with oil and geological The allocation of the current volume floor and the possible association of geological exploration degree. facilities, it is necessary to identify of forecasting resources for the single facilities into a multi-pay field. subsoil use facilities – licensed in accordance with the accepted registered in the State Register of The purpose of the GEE is to purposes of the GEE is done by sites with resources of category volumetric data. Mineral Reserves. The remaining If a single facility is part of a substantiate the possible industrial excluding the amount of extracted, D0, Dл, and where they are absent amount of resources is divided into forecasting multi-pay field, its importance and investment identified and explored reserves To differentiate the initial total – prospective sites with resources two groups. evaluation should take into account attractiveness of various groups of from the amount of the initial volume resources (ITR) of oil and gas of cat. D1 (in areas with proven the possibility of combining oil and gas resources projected in of initial geological resources. The by classes of different sizes, the The first group includes localized industrial oil and gas potential) and exploration and development costs, dissimilar mining and geological, amount of remaining resources methodological recommendations of resources of identified and prepared cat. D2 in areas where the industrial costs for field development and the geographic and economic conditions is divided into localized and non- 1988 [4] can be used, according to structures. The economic evaluation oil and gas potential has not yet construction of oil and gas pipelines. of development. localized. The localized resources which differentiation is performed for of this group of resources is based been proven. Such detailing of the include the resources of the each complex within the boundaries on the mining and geological By the phase composition of The efficiency of regeneration evaluation facilities corresponds to structures identified and prepared for of oil and gas bearing area. In each and geographic and economic hydrocarbons, the base evaluation of the country's hydrocarbon the Classification of Reserves and drilling, as well as undrilled deposits class, the number of forecasting characteristics of specific local facilities are divided into oil and resource base should be ensured Resources of Oil and Combustible of explored and developed deposits. deposits is estimated. We exclude facilities. gas facilities. The resources of by the preparation of new oil and Gases, introduced in 2016, from the total number of deposits dissolved gas are evaluated based gas reserves that are profitable according to which their geological Non-localized resources are subject to evaluation the deposits The second group consists of non- on geological oil resources and gas to develop. A prerequisite for and economic evaluation should distributed by prospective sites already discovered, which are localized resources, the volume of saturation data. The condensate

56 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 57 MARKET MARKET

resources are determined by the consumers. On the basis of these oil and gas bearing area is shown we take the summarized resources The characteristics of each site • The contours of the sites with potential content of the condensate standards, the corresponding in Fig. 2. It consists of the following of the deposits forecast, identified should contain data on the possible sufficient exploration degree in gas. volumes of work and costs for the blocks: and prepared for drilling, which number of productive structures, the of the area should be made in preparation and development of can be taken into account in the depth of occurrence of productive the middle between deposits or The initial mining and geological • GEE of prepared resources of reserves and the criteria parameters evaluated licensed or prospective horizons, and the possible prospective local facilities, and characteristics for the localized local facilities (LF) of licensed of the GEE are calculated: Net sites, oil and gas bearing entity of production flow rates of wells. in cases where their position is evaluation facilities are taken on the sites (LS) with developed fields discounted income, profitability oil and geological and administrative According to the Methodological unknown – at a distance from the basis of the results of geological (resources of category D0); index, internal rate of return. division in evaluation of oil (gas) recommendations on the application central part of the site divisible exploration for their identification and • GEE of localized resources of resources for the oil and gas region of the classification of oil and by the distance between local preparation for exploratory drilling. These indicators of the GEE local facilities of licensed sites with (area) according to the results combustible gas reserves and facilities characteristic of a given characterize the ultimate efficiency explored deposits (resources of For non-localized resources, the of the results of geological of the quantitative evaluation of resources, the evaluation and area (zone); mining and geological characteristics cat. Dл); resources and the requirements for accounting of oil and gas resources exploration and can be used • As a rule, at least 3 – 5 local of single standard facilities are • GEE of perspective resources the classification of reserves and of various categories is carried for taking of operational and structures should be within determined using the analogy or of local facilities of licensed resources of oil and combustible out separately [2]. Accordingly, strategic management decisions each site. In terms of identifying expert evaluation method. sites without identified deposits gases. geological and economic evaluation on the justification of areas and 1 – 2 deposits, this requirement (resources of category D ); of resources should be carried out Technical and economic calculations the selection of exploration and 1 As single local facilities for the GEE determines the optimal site area separately. should be carried out for localized prospecting deposits. • GEE of non-localized forecasting the following should be considered: in the amount of 200 – 300 km2 for resources for licensed and resources (cat. D2). For today, there is no any generally well-explored areas, as for poorly The results of GEE of resources a) in areas with proven industrial oil prospective sites, for non-localized accepted methodology for solving explored territories and water can be used to solve a wide range The total resource potential of oil and gas potential: resources – for prospective sites, of operational and strategic tasks and gas bearing areas (OGA), this problem. In most cases, the areas this area can be increased which, if possible, should be • deposits prepared for drilling; 2 of oil exploration. These include: regions (OGR) and provinces resource potential of prospective to 500 – 1000 km . allocated within the boundaries sites is assessed on the basis of Determination of the volume of (OGP) is determined with taking into • deposits discovered in the results Geological and economic evaluation of the design sites used in the expert assessments, the reliability of profitable oil and gas resources, account the likely characteristics of prospecting geological and of hydrocarbon resources of quantitative evaluation of resources. which depends on the qualifications determination of the possible of different groups and resource geophysical studies; licensed sites and prospective oil income that can be obtained from categories. of the experts. Taking into account The characteristics of each site • deposits forecast by the results of and gas bearing sites is based on should contain data on the possible their development, assessment of the importance of this problem Geological and economic evaluation regional geological, geophysical, different geological information number of productive structures, the the investment attractiveness of for assessing the investment of localized resources is carried geochemical exploration; base. depth of occurrence of productive licensed and promising subsoil sites, attractiveness of allocated subsoil out for each accounted oil and gas In the first case, information on the horizons, and the possible economic classification of resources, б) in areas with unproved industrial sites, it is necessary to justify facility. volume of resources, the number production flow rates of wells. and others. oil and gas potential: general methodological approaches For non-localized resources, a that allow to formalize the process of of local facilities of evaluation In the economic block, in order to • deposits forecast on the basis Structure of the system of geological and economic evaluation geological evaluation of the resource and their mining and geological conduct an economic evaluation of available data of geological, geological and economic is carried out for each selected potential of newly allocated oil characteristics are taken on the of resources, the initial information geophysical, geochemical studies, evaluation of oil and gas standard single facility and then and gas prospects and to develop basis of license agreements and and regulatory base are preliminarily and by analogy with the areas is covering all the facilities in this recommendations containing adopted geological exploration formed, including the standards for resources where oil and gas deposits are group. proposals on the criteria for selecting programs. costs for geological exploration, The structure of the geological and located. such sites, their location and size. In the second case, probabilistic development of deposits and economic evaluation of oil and gas As the integral object of the Technical and economic methods for estimating geological transporting of oil and gas to resources within the boundaries of geological and economic evaluation As such recommendations, the calculations should be carried following provisions are proposed: indicators are used to forecast out for resources prepared for • Prospective sites for licensing are the quantitative and qualitative exploratory drilling (cat. D0) and allocated in the territory of the characteristics of undistributed localized resources (cat. D ) for FIG. 2. The structure of the facilities of geological and economic evaluation of oil (gas) resources for the oil and gas region (area) л undistributed subsoil fund, taking resources. licensed sites, for non-localized into account the condition of Forecasting the mining and LF No. Amount of resources cat. D0 FLF No. Amount of resources cat. D1 resources – for prospective oil licensing in the OGR; OGR (OGA) geological characteristics of 1 1 and gas bearing sites that can Amount of resources, be allocated for inclusion in the • when allocating prospective oil prospective sites (PS) is currently LSд 2 Categories PSн 2 million tons (billion and gas bearing sites within the an unsolved problem requiring … of resources … program for the preparation of new cubic meters) OGR, their equivalence in terms of special consideration. One of the n n licensed sites. D0 geological significance should be possible variants of its solution is In order to provide technical Dл ensured; the use of the analogy method given LF No. Amount of resources cat. Dл FLF No. Amount of resources cat. D2 and economic calculations for D1 • Between the contours of in the Methodological Guidelines 1 1 perspective sites, it is required D2 for the Quantitative Estimation of LSр 2 PSв 2 prospective and licensed Total to clarify the methodology for the Forecast Resources of Oil, Gas … … sites there should not be any quantitative geological evaluation and Condensate of the Russian n n unevaluated territory; of hydrocarbon resources in such a Federation [3]. Legend: way that it provides the possibility of • Each allocated site should, if LF – local facilities on the site; LF No. Amount of resources cat. D1 forecasting of data for each site on possible, be located within one- This method consists in that LS – a licensed site with a deposit being FLF – forecasting local facilities; 1 д the expected number of productive type structural-facial zone and the quantitative and qualitative developed; PSн is a prospective site in the area with proven LSп 2 oil and gas potential; structures, depth of occurrence of be homogeneous in terms of the characteristics of the resources of LSр – a licensed site with an explored deposit; … PS – is a prospective site in an area with productive horizons, possible well general geological structure and the reference sites are transferred LSп – licensed site with structures prepared for в n exploratory drilling; probable oil and gas potential flow rates, etc. oil and gas conditions; to the prospective (design) site,

58 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 59 MARKET MARKET

and as a result, the amount of development at various price levels, The following types of investment FIG. 4. A schematic diagram of the ratio of risks and the scale of investment losses at different • Method of introducing a risk resources, the depth of productive from the lowest possible to the risks are the most significant for stages of the process of exploration and development of hydrocarbon resources premium to the base discount rate; horizons and a number of other maximum. the development of hydrocarbon • Method of stability testing (project parameters necessary for geological deposits: The graph-analytical model of sensitivity analysis); and economic calculations can the condition of the hydrocarbon • Geological risk – is due to • Method of analysis of scenario be determined on the basis of the resource base, proposed for solving the possibility of unsuccessful approaches; design site. prospecting or unconfirmed this problem and widely used in the • Method of simulation; The basic calculated formula for any US, allows us to clearly trace the assessment of recoverable oil • Real options method. geological method in the analogy dependence of the cost-effective (gas) reserves, is minimized in the method is as follows: volumes of oil and gas resources process of additional exploration When choosing methods for on the price level (Fig. 3). At their and pilot operation; accounting for investment risks, it maximum value, the volume of • Technological risk – is associated is necessary to take into account , profitable resources is close to with the mismatch of the technical that the degree of their influence where: – density of resources in the amount of resources that can parameters to the actual conditions decreases with the increase of the design site, be extracted from the subsoil with of development of deposits and exploration degree of oil and existing technical capabilities. In the possibility of emergence of gas facilities. However, at the is the density of the reserves in case of price reduction, the volume emergency situations for this later stages, the volume of risk the reference site, of profitable recoverable resources reason; investments increases. – varying parameters in the will be significantly lower than the • Economic risk – associated Recommendations on the choice design site, amount of technically available with the instability of economic of the method of accounting for the – varying parameters on the resources. legislation, investment conditions impact of investment risks at various reference site. and inflation, fluctuations in market The use of this model allows us to factors. Objective risks cannot be stages of the process of exploration stages of development of oil and gas conditions, prices, exchange rates, However, it must be taken into quickly determine the volume of regulated, but can be forecast. and development of hydrocarbon projects are presented in Table 3. account that this method should profitable oil and gas resources in uncertainty of terms of sale and Accounting for their impact is resources is shown in Fig. 4. The most simple and convenient be used for sites having a certain the price range – from the minimum transport of hydrocarbons, etc.; possible at the level of expert for calculations is the method of geological commonality or to the maximum possible. The model • Political risk – arises in The greatest degree of risk is assessments and long-term accounting for investment risks by compliance. The legality of its can be constructed for facilities of connection with the uncertainty of characteristic for the initial stages forecasts. introducing a risk premium to the application for determining the different levels, including the local the political situation (the possibility of exploration. At the same time, base discount rate. This method characteristics of prospective sites HC facility, the licensed site, the of adverse socio-political changes Managed or subjective risks should since the volumes of geophysical is recommended to be used in should be confirmed by special OGA, the OGR, the OGP, and the in the country or region, the include the geological, technological and drilling operations are limited, the economic evaluation of the studies. country as a whole. imposition of trade sanctions, the types of risks and part of the the scale of possible losses at resources of licensed areas, projects closure of borders, etc.). economic risk associated with the these stages is small. As the flow The most important condition for for prospecting, exploration and Accounting for price volatility geographical location of the region, of geological and other information making effective management The economic and political types natural and climatic conditions and increases in the subsequent stages development. and risks in geological and decisions on prospecting and of risks, based on the possibilities the development of industrial and of work, the share of risk is reduced, When using this method, risk exploration of deposits is the of influence in the oil and gas economic evaluation of oil transport infrastructure. Subjective but the increasing volumes of work accounting is provided by consideration of the probabilistic production sector, are mostly and gas resources risks, in particular, the risk of non- and the associated investment may introducing in the calculation of the nature of information, risks and uncontrollable or objective, since confirmation of reserves, in contrast increase the scale of losses. The unfavorable situation in the net present value (NPV) of the risk uncertainty. they are determined by external to objective ones, can be directly oil markets that has developed in So, at the stage of search of a premium to the base discount rate. regulated, although not fully, by the recent years leads to strong volatility deposit, these losses can reach The estimated value of this rate participants of the investment project in oil and gas prices. Reduction of 1.0 billion rubles, at the exploration РИС. 3. Graphical model of calculating the cost-effective part of the forecast resource base (for example, by increasing the costs these prices reduces the value of stage – 4.0 billion rubles. The depending on the prices for oil and gas of prospecting and exploration of the industrially significant resource most significant volumes of risky deposits). base of hydrocarbons and the investments in calculation, for inflow of investments into geological At different stages of the process example, for a relatively large exploration. of exploration and developing of offshore oil or gas deposit, may HC resources, the influence of reach 25 – 85 billion rubles, although Russia has a negative experience managed risks on the efficiency of the value of the geological risk at of the impact of low oil prices on management decisions is not the this stage is minimal. the hydrocarbon resource base. same. For example, in 1998, when they In the calculations of the geological fell to 7 – 8 dollars per barrel. Uncertainty of work performance and economic evaluation, The oil companies said they had conditions is not specified. As the following methodological no resource base and had to exploration and prospecting approaches can be used to account conserve thousands of wells due to progress, additional information is for investment risks: unprofitable operation. received on the parameters of the forecast deposits, and the previously In this regard, it is reasonable to existing uncertainty is reducing. take into account the influence of the price factor on the value of A schematic diagram of the ratio the forecast hydrocarbon base of managed risks and the scale to estimate the profitability of its of investment losses at different

60 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 61 MARKET MARKET

TABLE 3. Methods of accounting for the impact of investment risks on the economic – sum of the forthcoming costs in TABLE 4. Risk premiums to the base discount rate evaluation of oil and gas facilities the t-th year for the extraction of oil (gas), environmental protection; The premium for geographic and Final Methods of accounting for investment risks Premium for geological risk, % Total risk Degree of economic risk, % discount – amount of expenses for inter- premium, field and main transport forthcoming risk Exploration of development rate, Project Territories, water areas Premium Premium % in the t-th year; facilities % implementation stage – amount of costs for creation The old developed regions Prepared resources cat. D0 4 – 5 4 – 5 14 – 15 of an industrial infrastructure in the (the Ural-Volga region, the t-th year; Northern Caucasus, West Localized resources cat. Dл 6 – 8 6 – 8 16 – 18 The introduction of a risk premium to the base discount rate of Verification the sustainability of economic evaluation Analysis of scenario approaches Simulation modeling Real Options – Basic discount rate; Low Siberia, the Kaliningrad 0 1. Economic Perspective resources cat. D1 9 – 10 9 – 10 19 – 20 – Risk premium; region, the Komi Republic, evaluation of the + - - + + Sakhalin), the shelf of the Forecasting resources cat. D 11 – 12 11 – 12 21 – 22 HC LS – The estimated period of cost- Baltic Sea 2 effective development of the 2. Economic resources of the evaluation of local Prepared resources cat. D0 4 – 5 5 – 7 15 – 17 evaluation of the New regions bordering facility, years. deposit prospecting + + + + - with the developed regions Localized resources cat. Dл 6 – 8 7 – 10 17 – 20 The discounting rate is chosen Mid 1 – 2 program (Nenets AO), the shelf of Perspective resources cat. D1 9 – 10 10 – 12 20 – 22 with taking into account the risks the Caspian Sea 3. Economic in the early stages of geological Forecasting resources cat. D2 11 – 12 12 – 14 22 – 24 evaluation of the exploration. New regions without Prepared resources cat. D 4 – 5 7 – 9 17 – 19 deposit exploration + + + + - 0 developed infrastructure program As a method of accounting for Localized resources cat. Dл 6 – 8 9 – 12 19 – 22 (East Siberia, Chukotka investment risks in the geological High 3 – 4 4. Economic and economic evaluation of oil, gas Autonomous District), the Perspective resources cat. D1 9 – 10 12 – 14 22 – 24 evaluation of the and condensate resources, it is shelf of the Okhotsk and Forecasting resources cat. D 11 – 12 14 – 16 24 – 26 project of industrial - + + - + recommended to use the method Bering seas 2 development of the of introducing a risk premium to the Prepared resources cat. D0 4 – 5 9 – 12 19 – 22 deposit base discount rate in the calculation of the NPV. Very Localized resources cat. Dл 6 – 8 11 – 15 21 – 25 5. Economic Arctic water areas 5 – 7 high evaluation of the The estimated value of this Perspective resources cat. D1 9 – 10 14 – 17 24 – 27 residual reserves of - + - - + rate increases for a certain, Forecasting resources cat. D2 11 – 12 16 – 19 26 – 29 the deposit differentiated premium for geological and geographic- economic risks. As the base discount rate, depending on the increases for a certain, differentiated the discount rate. The size of the conclusions and recommendations ensure an acceptable level of of investment risks, it is necessary problem to be solved, we should premium for geological and discount rate is one of the regulators can be made: profitability for oil companies. to abandon the deterministic geographic-economic risks. of the estimation of the industrial consider the average rate of 1. The current stage of 3. To comply with this condition, it is geological assessment of reserves importance of the resource base. return on capital accepted in this In the early stages of geological development and regeneration of necessary to conduct geological and and resources and move to interval- Its scales increase or decrease, industry, the long-term deposit rate, exploration, the profitability of the hydrocarbon resource base economic evaluation of resources probabilistic. depending on the decrease or the foreign bank's credit rate, the the preparation of hydrocarbon occurs in unfavorable market already at the early stages of increase in the chosen value of the Central Bank of Russia's refinancing resources is heavily influenced by conditions caused by a significant geological exploration, which can References discount rate. rate, with taking into account the investment risks associated with provide the selection of the most 1. Classification of reserves and resources of oil margin of commercial banks. excess of oil supply in world and combustible gases. Approved by the Order of the deployment of HC resources The possible profitability of markets over demand and, as economically viable directions the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia from in hard-to-reach, industrially developing the forecasting In practical calculations it is a consequence, a drop in world and facilities for prospecting and 01.11.2003 № 477. undeveloped areas, and also with a hydrocarbon facilities, taking into recommended to use the base prices for oil and gas. exploration of deposits and the 2. Methodical recommendations on the application low exploration degree. account the receipt of additional discount rate equal to 10%. rejection of facilities technically of classification of reserves and resources of oil 2. Thanks to the success in the and combustible gases. Approved by the Order of income necessary to cover inaccessible and obviously The impact of geological and The approximate values of the development of non-traditional the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia from investment risks, is recommended to unprofitable to be developed. 01.02.2016. No. 3-p. geographical factors increases risk premiums to the discount sources of hydrocarbon resources, calculate by the formula: 3. Methodological guidelines for the quantitative investment risks and in order to rate, depending on the exploration the resource base of the oil and gas 4. For Russia, taking into account assessment of the forecasting oil, gas and cover these risks it is necessary to degree and the economic- producing industry has significantly the degree of geological exploration condensate resources of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 2014 (draft). increase the level of profitability of geographical location of the forecast increased and its production of the main oil and gas producing resources of the valuation facilities, regions, the geological and economic 4. Methodical recommendations for the application development of oil and gas facilities. potential has increased. Oil lost of the "Temporary Methodology for the Economic are given in Table 4. the status of a strategic resource evaluation of resources should be Evaluation of Forecast and Prospective Oil The investment attractiveness of where: – absolute value of the Concluding the discussion of and is seen as a commodity, the carried out not only in oil and gas Resources". – L., VNIGRI, 1988. the hydrocarbon resource base monetary estimate; methodological and practical profitability of which depends on provinces and regions, but also on 5. Methodical recommendations for geological and is determined by the level of economic evaluation of oil, gas and condensate problems of geological and the level of current market prices. existing and promising subsoil use profitability of their development. – value of products produced in resources. – Novosibirsk, Moscow, 2015. economic evaluation of oil and Under these conditions, exploration sites – licensed areas and prospective 6. Nazarov V.I. The concept of a methodology for the t-th year (oil, gas, condensate); In practical GEE calculations of gas resources as a basis for costs will be justified only if such oil oil and gas bearing areas. geological and economic evaluation of oil and gas resources // Neftegazovaya Geologiya. Theory and oil and gas facilities, the level of – amount of the forthcoming increasing the efficiency of and gas deposits are discovered, 5. To increase the reliability of practice. – 2017. – Т.12. – №1. – http://www.ngtp.ru/ return on investment is set through exploration costs in the t-th year; geological exploration, the following the development of which will geological and economic evaluation rub/3/12_2017.pdf.

62 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 63 HUMAN RESOURCES Neftegaz.RU # 6/2017 ACCENT ACCENT It is common knowledge: any company’s success is based on the company’s high professional staff. For the management of SSC JSK – leading Russian oil service company successfully BUSINESS - BUSINESS - EFFICIENCY operating on the market since 2000 – this is a top priority and therefore the company strives to create extremely comfortable conditions for OF SOCIAL effective work. Human resources is a key factor in oil and gas producing industry. In well drilling works preliminary operations take up to 60% of the whole process time. That is why the efficiency of TECHNOLOGIES final results depend on the speed and the quality of preliminary operations. Only high experienced professionals can manage heavy workloads and meet the requirements of the customers at the provides young specialists with all SSC: TARGET same time. FACTS facilities so that they will develop When working in industrial hazardous areas, successfully. Education programs, sometimes even in extreme conditions, social social and material benefits, IS CONTINUITY support of the personnel is considered to be professional competitions are of strategic importance which determines the carried out to ensure enhancing development of the entire company. However, 60 % their skills" continuously. Practical the teams of Siberian Service Company are of time is taken by training starts even before the among the best ones in Russia! The collectives the preparatory process specialists have been employed in drilling AT THE MOMENT IS CONTRACTING WITH THREE have been repeatedly awarded with prizes and in the company and includes DRILLING COMPANIES SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH certificates of honors by the customers. practical work at the company’s

UDC 331 branches, internships. SSC ONE OF THEM BEING SIBERIAN SERVICE COMPANY JSC actively employs graduates JSC. WHY LEADING OIL AND GAS PRODUCING For instance, in late 2016 well coordinated and professional from the best specialized ENTERPRISES CHOOSE ON SIBERIAN SERVICE education institutions of Moscow, COMPANY (SSC)? operation of the employees of Directional Drilling & St. Petersburg, the Urals, Ufa, Telemetry branch of SSC-Technology were acknowledged: Tomsk, Tyumen and other Keywords: drilling contractors, Gazpromneft-Khantos, thanks to the professionalism demonstrated by the cities. The best graduates from Siberian Service Company, personnel, scientific-technical Nefteyugansky Industrial College conference. contractors which performed operations at the wells of Ombinskoye field of the Nefteyugansky region as well as also work on probation at the company. due to perfect equipment functioning, several records of Alyona V. Yatsenko, commercial speed and daily drilling were broken The status of young specialists is PhD in Economics assigned to newcomers for five Siberian Service Company JSC years. The status ensures the rights to enjoy certain benefits It's impossible not to mention the fact that SSC and guarantees. An experienced JSC has been drilling wells at one of the largest professional is attached to every oil field of Gazpromneft-Khantos - Priobskoye young specialist to adapt him/her field – for 11 years. On average, the drilling team to working conditions, train him/her drills one directional well for 10 to 12 days which the best way to use knowledge, fact can also be obvious cause for pride. However, experience, and skills gain during record 8 days have been fixed in the history of the company. At the moment Siberian Service Company JSC This June one of drilling teams of actively develop slant-hole directional drilling. This Nefteyugansky branch working together with technology requires radically new knowledge, skill, and experience. However, even now it can be seen contracted organizations of Gazpromneft- that the professionals of SSC JSC successfully Khantos completed drilling of horizontal well manage this task. with factual term of construction works equal SSC JSC grows new generation of drillers to to 28.21 days while planned term amounted assist the company’s veterans. The company to 32.5 days. This is a very good figure

64 65 HUMAN RESOURCES SPECIAL SECTION Classifier

the course of education. An individual development ACCENT plan is designed for each young specialist. HARDWARE-SOFTWARE Siberian Service Company JSC holds scientific and technical conferences regularly. The BUSINESS - conferences serve as venues where young COMPLEX FOR ELECTRICAL specialist from all company’s branches can present their innovative solutions. The initiatives and proposals of the young specialists related EXPLORATION to improvement of production and management activities of the company’s branches are always met with great interest by the company’s management. 1.5 Devices, systems Director of Tomsk branch Andrey and means of Koshelev: “Young specialists is our automation future. The scientific and technical 1.5.2 Control and measuring conference is held with the expectation instruments that young specialists will invent some young specialists witness the 1.5.2.8 Geophysical equipment solutions applicable in our industry of ФАКТЫ importance of the programs. drilling and construction of wells. The most promising projects will be realized Since For instance, in 2016 BIRC together with SSC JSC developed for the benefit of the company” The hardware and software complex for specialized education course carrying out electrical exploration with use of for young specialists to improve resistance method, method of natural field, Director of Yamal branch Yevgeny key qualities: forming team induced polarization, pipeline diagnostics, Guzeyev: “Our management is always 2000 targets when working in teams, electrochemical protection studies, etc. This supports conferences. This is one of SSC SKC has been development of abilities to is a hardware-software complex that allows working on oil service coordinate actions in the process our good traditions in Siberian Service market conducting electrical exploration with use of SPECIFICATIONS of solving problems, leadership in several methods. Company: obligatory annual event teams. Generator: where young specialists can present From the very moment of its Features: Output voltage up to 200V their ideas in the form of research foundation Siberian Service • Communication between the generator and Output current range 0.5 – 100 мА papers. No doubt, both the company Company JSC pursue the policy the measuring device on the radio channel Frequency range 0 – 2500 Hz of continuity: purposeful activities (starting at the beginning and at the end and the young specialists benefit from Generation started manually or via radio the event. While the company has aimed at personnel development of generation, setting up of the generator’s channel from a measuring device is a necessary condition for frequency and current) Stabilization error 1% opportunity to implement the ideas successful operation now and • Light kit weight – about 1.1 kg Protection degree IP65 into production, the young specialists in the future. Respect, fairness, possess chances to demonstrate their social partnership, continuity of • Long battery life (up to 5 – 7 days) Operating temperature range from -30 to +50°С abilities. The conference may serve as experience and traditions present • Dust-moisture-shock-proof according to Dimensions 160 * 80 * 55 mm values SSC JSK bases its work the impetus for their further professional IP‑65 protection class Weight 0.6 kg on to offer high quality services • Screen heating (for operation at low development in SSC JSK” performed by experienced Measuring device: temperatures) professionals using advance Frequency range 0 – 2500 Hz equipment and up-to-date • Conversion of dU to Rk IThe examples of the most successful projects Measuring range -5 - + 5V techniques. • Saving of results in the memory of the in this year: “Equipment Modernization ADC resolution 24 bit device, with the possibility of further during Carrying out Tests” (Tomsk branch), transmission to the PC via USB-interface in Memory capacity 2MB “Development and Application of Epoxy Polymer Nowadays Siberian Service Company JSC the format of "ZOND” software Communication interface with PC USB Compositions as Modern Way of Finding is a leading company in its segment on Solutions to Interlayer Crossflows when Building • Accounting of the methodology of fieldwork Synchronization with the generator Radio channel 433MHz domestic market. Market share of SSC JSC Oil and Gas Wells” (Yamal branch). – reeling – unwinding, numbering of survey Protection degree IP65 amounts to approximately 7% of annual stakes, of the sizes of the intake lines and A number of corporate education programs drilling works performed in Russia. That long-line currents, etc. Operating temperature range from -30 to +50°С to support effective development of the future Dimensions 180 * 130 * 35 mm professionals have been designed in the means more than 4.5 thousand workplaces • Drawing of probing graphs on the screen company. Both experienced professionals and in several regions of Russia of the measuring device, both during Weight 0.55kg measurements and for archival data.

66 [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 67 GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION

FIGURE 2. Operational diagram of the system process can be analyzed in different sections: For technical INFORMATION MONITORING and economic indicators, chisel, core, sludge, perforations. OF WELL DRILLING AND The module of keeping GTP is independent, to work with which it is enough to install Microsoft GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION Office Access, that allows to use it without additional expenses. Information coming from daily WHEN DRILLING IT IS NECESSARY TO CONSTANTLY MONITOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DESIGN reports on the intervals of SOLUTIONS, AND IN SOME CASES, THEIR PROMPT ADJUSTMENT. AFTER ALL, IT IS POSSIBLE TO OBTAIN perforation of the formation,

HIGH-QUALITY GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION AND MINIMIZE ACCIDENTS WHILE DRILLING WELLS ONLY WHEN UDC 550.8 test intervals in the open shaft, ALL DESIGN SOLUTIONS ARE IMPLEMENTED. ACCESS TO DRILLING MATERIALS AT ANALOGUE FACILITIES well design is visually displayed CAN IMPROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PREVENTING COMPLICATIONS AND ACCIDENTS. ALL THIS MAKES in comparison with the design THE METHODS OF PROCESSING AND STORING OF THE OBTAINED INFORMATION EXTREMELY IMPORTANT parameters. FOR CONDUCTING DRILLING OPERATIONS. HOW IS INFORMATION MONITORING CARRIED OUT IN MODERN The developed system provides ENTERPRISES TODAY? on-line access to all the accumulated information on Keywords: the exploration, drilling, information monitoring, drilling, oil production. geological exploration, keeping of electronic design documents for drilling, on-line monitoring of the performance of physical volumes In SibGeoProekt LLC, a computer values of the duration and interval of work, compliance with deadlines Andrey Viktorovich The implementation of all design In this regard, it is relevant to technology for monitoring of of the operation, which allows you solutions allows to obtain high- use the information environment and technological parameters, Shpilman, geological exploration has been to quickly analyze and control the automation of the formation of Director General, quality geological and field both for drilling monitoring and developed, which allows to unite processes of carrying out various regulated and analytical reporting SibGeoProject LLC information and to minimize for systematizing of the actual in one information environment technological operations both on a (Figure 3). accidents during well drilling. material for geological study of design solutions and their current separate well and on the scale of Oksana Spirina, Therefore, when drilling it is subsoil resources, determining implementation, taking into account the entire deposit. Candidate of Technical necessary to constantly monitor of the priority directions for the accumulated experience of A distinctive feature of the FIGURE 3. Analytical block of Sciences, the implementation of design further geological exploration of geological exploration in the area of developed information system is the information system Deputy Director of the solutions, and in some cases, their oil and gas, as well as for using interest. The exploration monitoring Department of Geological the ability not only to monitor the prompt adjustment. Possibility it to calculate the reserves, to technology is a way of tracking the and Field Work of current parameters of well drilling, of access to drilling materials at create pilot projects, and for the progress of operations, their control SibGeoProject LLC but to conduct their comparative analogue facilities can improve development. Such a system and regulation. A set of parameters analysis with design parameters, the effectiveness of preventing will ensure the convenience and was determined that allow the most and, if necessary, with the data complications and accidents. efficiency of using the entire accurate and complete tracking obtained when drilling analogue All this makes the methods of amount of information. One of the tasks and objectives of wells. processing and storing of the of the most important tasks is geological exploration (Figure 1). obtained information important for the maintenance of geological The interface used is developed in The system consists of modules conducting drilling operations. information in the actual state. analogy with supervisory reporting, that are logically interconnected which makes it possible to use this and complementary in terms of system without additional training information. The system allows for company employees. FIGURE 1. Planning, organization and control of geological exploration, input data and results of implementation obtaining information in real-time mode from a monitoring facility, The collection of electronic generating and processing daily forms of daily reports on drilling and analytical reporting. and testing of wells is carried out in automatic mode via A tool has been developed that communication channels to allows analyzing the indicators The system allows to collect, the company's server in real- both by year and by depth. The structure and generalize the results time mode. You can generate ability of the system to use the of drilling of exploration wells, to a summary on daily reports on accumulated information on the conduct a comprehensive analysis drilling and testing, in a tabular study of the territory allows to of ongoing work. It is a prompt form for the selected period, as improve the quality of work on the delivery of information from drilling well as to make up a time balance design of new wells. Aggregation sites to the subsoil user level that chart. consists in transferring the time/ makes it possible to make quick depth/operation values from the With the help of the developed and correct decisions on the discrete values to the integral system, the drilling and testing performance of work.

68 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 69 OIL RELATED SERVICES OIL RELATED SERVICES

300 million tons). They provide a a significant factor is the poor use occluded fluid phases not only in third of the national oil production. of new knowledge gained in recent the borehole zones, but also in the INCREASE IN OIL RECOVERY FACTOR At the same time, many of them decades. interwell spaces, (IOGP RAS). (Samotlor, Romashkinskoe, Existing diverse methods of active • A computer program has been Mamontovskoe, Fedorovskoe, IN TERMS OF NEW ACHIEVEMENTS influence on the layer are unified developed to manage the created etc.) are in the late stages of their from the hydro-dynamic point of database and to calcu-late the development. They are depleted view and are based on the theory physico-mechanical properties and heavily watered. Several more OF THE ACADEMIC SCIENCE of multiphase multicomponent of reservoir rocks of oil fields giant deposits have reached a stable filtration, equipped with modern according to seismic ex-ploration development maximum. RUSSIA HAS A RICH RAW MATERIAL BASE OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS: RECOVERABLE RESERVES OF information and software products and GIS data (Institute of Physics A + B + C1 + C2 CATEGORIES OF OIL ACCORDING TO THE RUSSIAN CLASSIFICATION EXCEED 29 BILLION At the same time, according to (mainly of foreign origin). An im- of the Earth RAS, IPE RAS). the RF Ministry of Energy, 2/3 of portant part of these methods is TONS, CONDENSATE RESERVES – 3.5 BILLION TONS. HOWEVER, ACCORDING TO THE ESTIMATION OF SPE • A domestic simulator for modeling UDC 622.276 the explored reserves are hard to the classical theory of fluid filtration CLASSIFICATION OF RESERVES ADOPTED ABROAD AND TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ECONOMIC COMPO- hydraulic fracturing of a layer recover, including 13% of high- in an isotropic medium, which is NENT OF OPERATION, THE PROVEN RESERVES OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS IN RUSSIA DO NOT EXCEED was developed in an expanded viscosity oil, 36% of low-permeability based on the Darcy law and the APPROXIMATELY 11 BILLION TONS. ACCORDING TO THESE CALCULATIONS, RUSSIA RANKS EIGHTH IN THE formulation, taking into account reservoirs, 14% of sub-gas zones hypothesis of capillary pressure the effects of reorientation of the WORLD RANKING OF OIL PRODUCING COUNTRIES AFTER VENEZUELA, SAUDI ARABIA AND CANADA, IRAN, (oil rims), 4% of small thickness and relative phase permeabilities formation stress fields (Institute of IRAQ, KUWAIT AND THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES. WHAT ARE THE PROSPECTS FOR INCREASING OF THE RAW of the layers. It turns out that in (RPP) as universal equilibrium Applied Mathematics RAS – IAM MATERIAL BASE AND WHAT THE RUSSIAN ACADEMIC SCIENCE OFFERS FOR THIS? mod-ern conditions only a third of functions of local saturation. It RAS). Russian oil reserves are suitable for should be noted that the RPPs cost-effective development. make a significant contribution to • A software package was Keywords: the increase in oil recovery, natural resources, new developments, oil & gas, oil recovery factor. the oil and gas recovery factor, and developed for modeling the Almost half of the undeveloped oil the cor-rect determination thereof is processes of heat and mass reserves are in small and medium- of fundamentally important. trans-fer and non-isothermal sized deposits, they are more than Vyacheslav Maksimov, According to the Ministry of Natural 40% of prospective oil reserves. multicomponent filtration, taking 1,000. Many of them are remote Thus, over the past 40-60 years, Doctor of Technical Science, Resources and Ecology of the The basin oil has good qualitative into account the kinetics of from the infrastructure, expensive there has been no ideological Professor, Russian Federa-tion, the prospects characteristics, it is mostly light liquid hydrocarbon oxidation and difficult to develop, so the advancement in the the-ory of Institute of Oil and Gas for increasing the raw material and medium in density, small in productive reservoir layers prospects for such deposits are very hydrocarbon field development. At Problems of RAS base of traditional oil in Russia are and medium-sulfur oil. But the oil (Institute of Control Sciences of ambiguous. the same time, in recent decades very significant – the most reliable recovery factor in the basin varies RAS – ICS RAS). new scientific re-sults have resources of category C3 exceed in a wide range. Low-permeability Factors restraining the appeared that show that the main 12.5 billion tons, and the fore- reservoirs contain more than half of • They gave a scientific increase in the oil recovery assumptions of the classical theory cast resources of lower reliability the basin's reserves, accumulating substantiation and are not ful-filled in many practically (categories D1 + D2) are estimated high-quality oil. factor recommendations on the practical important cases, and the results application of the technology of at more than 47 billion tons. The Completeness of oil recovery Stabilization and growth of the themselves are far from being used directed relief of the formation to basis of the Russian raw material is measured by parameters Russian economy are largely in real projects. First of all, this increase the productivity of the base of liquid hydrocarbons is the characterizing the impact on the determined by the effi-cient and applies to the deposits with falling wells. A numerical model of the West Siberian oil and gas basin, layer at the micro- and macro scale. sustainable operation of the oil production, with a high degree change in the filtration-capacitance which accumulates two thirds of The integral characteristic of the industry, which along with the gas of water cut, to hard-to-recover properties of the nearfield reserves, half of the forecast and efficiency of oil production is the oil industry can meet not only domestic reserves in low-permeability, was developed with using this recovery factor (ORF). The level needs but also needs of the external heterogeneous, aniso-tropic technology (Institute of Problems in of oil recovery is considered to market. reservoirs, to high-viscosity heavy Mechanics of RAS – IPMech RAS). be the main criterion for a rational oil, layers changed due to man’s Today's achievements of the oil field development system. The • Scientific substantiation of activity, deep de-posits etc. industry in Russia were largely higher the ORF, the more the field methodological approaches to the result of the use of capacities development system meets the Will the science be welcome the localization of oil re-serves of formed during the Soviet era. criteria of rationality. The basics marginal and underlying oil rims However, over 60 years of industrial of the rational field development, to increase ORF? in oil and gas condensate fields development of oil fields, their main formed during the Soviet era, We will note only some of the new under the long-term development operational facilities are in the late ensured the achievement of ORF scientific results and technologies in the gas condensate cap stage of development, which is close to 50% already in the 1960s, obtained by the staff of the RAS depletion regime (IOGP RAS, char-acterized by high depletion of while at present it hardly reaches institutes, which should be taken CEMI RAS). oil deposits and significant water 33%. into account when planning the cut of the borehole. There is a • They gave the substantiation The tendency towards a decrease ex-ploration and exploitation of clear negative trend: The depletion of new technologies for the in ORF is due to both geological deposits. of traditional oil reserves and the application of the method and technological factors (an slowing of the growth rate of its • Research of man-induced of volumetric interpretation increase in the share of hard-to- production. changes in the properties, of gravitational fields during recover reserves, high water cut, structure, organization of the the operation of oil and gas Two dozen Russian oil fields are man-induced changes in the layer, pore space and composition of condensate fields (IPE RAS, IOGP unique (with reserves of more than etc.). In addition to these reasons, formation fluids, the formation of RAS).

70 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 71 OIL RELATED SERVICES OIL RELATED SERVICES

• Technologies were developed the Northern Sea Route are recog- There will appear a necessity for multi-disciplinary, based on modern for monitoring of geomechanical nized as key strategic resources, new solutions and technologies methods of geophysical research, and thermodynamic processes the exploration of which is a task of for physico-chemical monitoring underground hydromechanics in the development of oil and gas national importance. of water areas, where oil and and formation physics, on condensate fields (IOGP RAS, gas extraction takes place, physical chemistry, mechanics of The creation of new technologies IPMech RAS, ICS RAS). hydroacoustic monitoring of the heterogeneous media, multiphase before the active development of shelf, and technologies for mobile multicompo-nent filtration theory, • Methods for controlling the Arctic deposits is fundamentally monitoring of the condition of thermodynamics and the theory of properties of clays in the process important. An important direction of exploitation of oil de-posits underwater pipeline. The task phase transformations, fluid and may be the use of underwater of scientists should also be the gas dynamics, theory of elasticity were developed on the basis of modules for the development of research of the insulating and development of a system for and plasticity, on the exploration of offshore deposits on the continental monitoring of emergen-cy situations hydrocarbon systems in near- and capacitive properties of clays and shelf. It should be noted that the their changes during lithogenesis (in particular, oil spills) and above-critical conditions. in-dustrial exploitation of unique assessing environmental threats. (Institute of Geoecology of RAS). The current stage of development underwater compressor stations Neither Russia nor anybody in the of oil and gas science is going • They developed recommendations on the shelves of the Norwe- world has a technology to eliminate through a turning point. It is caused for identifying promising oil and gian and Northern Seas began spills in arctic conditions. gas facilities in deep-lying pre- in 2015. The development of by the unprecedented spread of Jurassic formations of deposits in this direction in Russia will pro- In the context of a significantly computerization and informatization the north of West Siberia on the vide significant economic and more complicated structure of of the entire infrastructure related basis of a complex of geological environmental advantages over hydrocarbon reserves and the to the search, exploration and and geophysical research existing technologies (con-struction geological conditions of their development of oil and gas methods, fundamental studies of of capital-intensive above-water occurrence, one of the main multi- fields, the implementation of the endogenous energy processes, offshore structures with personnel parameter scientific priorities in achievements of fundamental models, and for arranging of implementation the tech-nology fluid dynamics and degassing accommodation, power installations the field of oil and gas problems scientific research into the horizontal wells and estimating of of minimizing of sand recovery to (IOGP RAS). and other equipment). is the development of innovative techniques and technology of oil reserves (IOGP RAS). the oil wells in fields with falling technologies for increasing of ORFs and gas production, transport and • Theoretically and experimentally, production based on the creation • A modern method for the It is necessary to implement the based on the use of new knowledge refining, which makes it possible to there were substantiated new of a polymer-gel rock-forming comprehensive research of project of “selective” geological and in various fields of science. And move to an innovative stage in the ideas about the nature of the filter in the borehole zones, which an anisotropic core material geophysical field studies before the the theory of hydrocarbon field development of oil and gas industry dependence between the absolute retains me-chanical impurities with (terrigenous and carbonaceous) drilling of offshore boreholes. development planning is becoming in Russia. and phase permeabilities in the preservation of conductivity for oil has been developed, which processes of two-phase expulsion (IOGP RAS). makes it possible to determine of fluids. It is proved that the the absolute permeability, • They gave a scientific relative phase permeability (RPP) RPP, capillary pressure, elastic substantiation of the technology in anisotropic media depends not constants of the rock sample for of water shut-off of wells with only on the saturation, but also various types of anisotropy (IOGP the help of coiled tubing without on the expulsion direction. In field RAS, IPMekh RAS). lifting equipment based on the explora-tion planning practice, the mathematical model (IOGP RAS). absolute permeability anisotropy is • The scientific fundamentals of new taken into account only indi-rectly integrated technologies have been • A new physico-chemical effect of by setting its vertical component developed to ensure the effective the decomposition of gas hydrates 10-2-10-3 times smaller than the development of hydrocarbon by injecting of carbon dioxide has measured permeability values deposits with hard-to-recover been discovered, which can be along the axis of symmetry of the reserves based on new physical the basis of the technology for core sample. The RPPs are always and mathematical models and developing gas hydrate deposits specified as scalar functions of adequate numerical algorithms for (IOGP RAS). saturation for a given reservoir studying of the mechanisms for • The features of the phase behavior rock and filterable liquids. A similar managing the field's energy and for of multicomponent hydrocarbon result of the dependence on the calculating of multiphase filtration mixtures in the vi-cinity of critical flow direction was established flows (IAM RAS, IOGP RAS). points have been experimentally experimentally for capillary • They created a new generation established; the results can be pressure. This drastically changes of polymer-gel reagents with used to de-termine the type our understanding of capillary predetermined prop-erties and of deposit and the regime and effects and their connection such technologies on their basis technology selected for the with the chang-ing wettability that allow to control fluid flows and development of oil and gas fields of the solid matrix material in increase the oil recovery of layers (IOGP RAS). the process of oil recovery. The with a high degree of water cut obtained results are important A special strategic emphasis should (IOGP RAS). both for increasing the reliability be made on the development of the and completeness of the initial • They have scientifically Arctic shelf. Reserves of the Arctic information for the hydrodynamic substantiated and prepared for shelf and transit opportunities of

72 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] ECOLOGY ECOLOGY

horizons which have come to a day 23 MPC [6]. Meanwhile in the also as material for synthesis of RISK MANAGEMENT OF SOIL surface, and, therefore, the oil which Komi Republic as the result of structural components of a cell [4]. is not protected from migration on a depreservation of ownerless wells Nitrogen-phosphorus compounds soil profile. Similar physical violation there was an emission of oil and for stimulation of growth of number AND WATER POLLUTION DURING of the soil usually happens when pollution of the Izhma river (the of microorganisms, and also the constructing facilities on production Pechora river basin) up to 82 MPC. neutral sorbent having buoyancy and transportation of oil, in particular, In the Sakhalin region there was an for keeping of bacteria on a surface OIL PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT on boring platforms and on routes oil flood on the soil surface (550 m2) of a hydrocarbonic film are the of the roads and pipelines laid at of 2.8 t from an oil collector [7]. In important part of these preparations. THE ANALYSIS, SYSTEMATIZATION AND GENERALIZATION OF the device of wells. In the absence inflow of the Amur river – the Bureya The mentioned preparations usually of the top, most biologically active river (the Amur region) an oil slick apply at the water pollution level by INFORMATION CONCERNING A PROBLEM OF SOIL AND WATER layer of soil, soil self-cleaning 25 km long has been noted, and the oil which is not allowing to use water PROTECTION AGAINST OIL POLLUTION ARE CARRIED OUT. EXAMPLES from oil, usually carried out by content of oil in water was more than objects for the economic-drinking OF THE MOST CONSIDERABLE EMERGENCY OIL FLOODS TO SOIL AND various hydrocarbons-oxidizing 100 MPC [8]. In the Samara region purposes, i.e. corresponding to an oil

SURFACE WATERS DURING ITS PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT ARE UDC 502.7:547.912 microorganisms (bacteria, yeast and an unauthorized (criminal) insert in film on a water surface up to 1 mm PRESENTED. THE MEASURES FOR A REMEDIATION OF THE SURFACE fungi) is practically not observed [4]. the pipeline was resulted by oil spill thick. WATERS POLLUTED BY OIL ARE DESCRIBED. THE SPECIAL ATTENTION IS Therefore, high risk of migration of on soil surface (600 m2), and in the PAID TO A REMEDIATION OF SOIL POLLUTED BY OIL AS A SOURCE OF ITS oil into underground waters on a soil Sakhalin region pollution of water of Risk of Oil Migration in profile arises. the Okhinka river by oil in content ENTERING IN GROUND WATERS, BY MIGRATION ON A SOIL PROFILE. THE Underground Waters From of more than 100 MPC has been The purpose of this work is the Rauf V. Galiulin ESSENCE OF THIS REMEDIATION CONSISTS IN SOIL CLEANING BY MEANS registered [9, 10]. Polluted Soil on its Profile analysis, systematization and Doctor of Science (Geography), BIOCOMPOST FOR THE ACCELERATED MICROBIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION According to [12], the share of generalization of information As it is well known the quantity of Leading Scientific Worker of OF OIL HYDROCARBONS. RESEARCHES SHOWED THAT ENTERING VARIOUS underground waters in water supply concerning a problem of protection of similar emergency floods cannot Institute of Basic Biological of the population of the Russian DOSES OF BIOCOMPOST (50 AND 100 G/KG) INTO THE SOIL REDUCE soil, surface and underground waters be planned, and it is impossible to Problems of Russian Academy Federation is quite considerable of Sciences TIME OF ALMOST FULL DEGRADATION OF OIL HYDROCARBONS AT against pollution by oil. The logic of avoid them almost completely and and makes 46%. And in this regard CONCENTRATION IN 50 G/KG BY 1.8 – 4.8 TIMES, AT CONCENTRATION OF the specified problem demanded a therefore naturally a problem of the importance is attached to 100 G/KG – 1.7 – 4.0 TIMES statement of this information in the a remediation in particular of the protection of underground waters following sequence: surface waters polluted by oil is against pollution by oil in areas of Keywords: arising. oil, pollution, soil, surface waters, ground waters, protection, remediation, 1) Examples of risky emergency oil its production and transportation, biocompost, oil hydrocarbons degradation. spills in soil and surface waters; Remediation of Surface as there is a risk of migration of oil into underground waters from the 2) Remediation of surface waters Waters Polluted by Oil polluted by oil; polluted soil on its profile. To number of basic measures for a It is known that the most serious Meanwhile, the main source of 3) Risk of oil migration in The real intake of oil from the remediation of the surface waters pollution of soil, surface and intake of oil in underground waters underground waters from polluted polluted soil in underground waters polluted by oil the following is underground waters by such fossil is the soil, which becomes polluted soil on its profile; is demonstrated by a number of the fuel as oil happens at its emergency at the accidents arising by search carried: works performed in the conditions of Vladimir N. Bashkin flood. At the same time oil, coming in and investigation, production and 4) Remediation of polluted soil 1) Installation the booms (floating) in situ. So, in the experiment on the Doctor of Science (Biology) of particularly to various water objects transportation of oil. Besides, as source of oil entering in obstacles having various podzol illuvial-humus soil (the Middle Chief Scientific Worker of (lakes, rivers and seas), forms the in the course of drilling and underground waters. modifications (fixed buoyancy, «Gazprom VNIIGAZ» LLC film floating on water, the dissolved operation of wells tightness of the inflatable, tidal and emerging) and Institute of or emulsified forms, and its heavy underground water-bearing horizons Examples of Risky made of the special fabric having Physicochemical and fractions settle on a bottom and is disturbed, their hydrodynamic Emergency Oil Spills in Soil the high durability and resistance Biological Problems of Soil are adsorbed by bottom sediments and hydrochemical mode changes Science of Russian Academy and Surface Waters to oil impact and employees for as a source of secondary pollution and as a result oil gets to these of Sciences restriction of distribution of its film of water mass [1]. The last occurs horizons or which are already used Concrete examples of quite recent on a water surface and promoting at a stirring up of surface layers of by the population for the drinking pollution of soils and surface waters its concentrated collection and also bottom sediments at wind influence, purposes, or subject to use in the by emergency oil spills are given use of the sorbents (peat bertinate, sharp increase in speed of a stream, long term [3]. Migration of oil from a below. So, by data [5], the pollution i.e. the dehydrated peat, aerosil dredging, i.e. withdrawal of bottom soil in underground waters comes on of water of the Irtysh river (the – pyrogenic silicon dioxide and sediments during the dredging works. pores of the horizons (on emptiness, Tyumen region) by oil made 57 butadienestyrene rubber) simplifying Oil in the water environment makes cracks and cavities) composing a maximum permissible concentration and accelerating the procedure of direct or indirect negative impact on soil profile. Oil is besieged in zones (MPC). In the Orenburg region in mechanical removal of oil from a the organisms (hydrobionts) living of a capillary border and seasonal one case an oil spill from an oil- water mirror [11]. in its. So, at a flood of 1 t of oil can raising of underground waters, gathering collector was found that be formed the film capable to cover and also spreads on their surface. led to pollution of the soil site, and 2) Application for water purification up to 12 km2 of a water mirror Furthermore, time achievement also a water surface (500 m2) up of the hydrocarbons-oxidizing Roza А. Galiulina that leads to violation of the vital time by an oil stream of a mirror of to 46 MPC of the brook flow into microorganisms preparations Scientific Worker of exchange processes between an underground waters is considerably tributary of the Samara river (the representing dried up by Institute of Basic Biological atmosphere and a hydrosphere, to reduced in the conditions of the Volga river basin), and in other lyophilization (at a low temperature Problems of Russian temperature increase of a surface so-called physically disturbed soil case of the depressurization of the and in vacuum) biomass of active Academy of Sciences layer of water, deterioration in gas i.e. deprived of a vegetable cover pipeline led to oil spill and pollution strains, mainly the bacteria using exchange and eventually, to death and the top organogenic layer and of the brook flow into the Kindelka oil hydrocarbons as the only of hydrobionts [2]. presented by the underlying mineral river (the Urals river basin) up to source of carbon and energy, and

74 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 75 ECOLOGY ECOLOGY

Ob river) it has been established containing hydrocarbons-oxidizing of oil and biocompost colorings are TABLE 1. Time of practically full degradation (Т99) of oil hydrocarbons in a simultaneously 7. E.S. Dmitrevskaya, T.A. Krasilnikova, O.A. that the oil brought in soil surface microorganisms. At the same presented. Meanwhile pollution of physically disturbed and oil polluted soil under biocompost action Markova. About pollution of environment and a radiation situation in the territory of the Russian 2 at the dose of 22 l/m in 1 year was time it is reasonable to carry out the soil was imitated by processing Federation in August, 2016 // Meteorology and frontally filtered up to the depth an efficiency evaluation of use of of its separate samples by oil in Variant Т99, day Variant Т99, day Hydrology. – 2016. – No. 11. – P. 96 – 103. of 50 cm, that reaching a biological means originally in the doses of 50 and 100 g/kg in which 8. E.S. Dmitrevskaya, T.A. Krasilnikova, O.A. underground waters mirror causing conditions of in vitro that allows then brought biocompost in doses of Oil, 50 g/kg, control 329 Oil, 100 g/kg, control 1150 Markova. About pollution of environment and a their pollution [13]. to model action of various factors 50 and 100 g/kg. radiation situation in the territory of the Russian Oil, 50 g/kg + biocompost, Oil, 100 g/kg + biocompost, Federation in October, 2016 // Meteorology and (dose of substance, soil temperature 184 658 On observations [14], in the It should be noted that the 50 g/kg 50 g/kg Hydrology. – 2017. – No. 1. – P. 124 – 131. and humidity) on degradation of conditions of the earth barn peat which is a base part of 9. E.S. Dmitrevskaya, T.A. Krasilnikova, O.A. oil hydrocarbons and to quickly Markova. About pollution of environment and a intended for burial of spilled oil in biocompost slows down migration Oil, 50 g/kg + biocompost, Oil, 100 g/kg + biocompost, obtain necessary information for an 69 288 radiation situation in the territory of the Russian a profile of the silty-gley soil (zone of oil in underground waters that 100 g/kg 100 g/kg evidence-based remediation in the Federation in January, 2016 // Meteorology and of humid subtropics) emergence is connected with its high sorption Hydrology. – 2017. – No. 4. – P. 124-129. conditions of in situ. of the powerful intra soil flow of oil capacity reaching 10 g of oil on 10. I.Iu. Kulikova, I.S. Dserzhinskaya. Modern moving to the place of unloading So, in our works [18 – 20] efficiency 1 g of dry peat and accelerates oil technologies of cleaning of soil territories and natural logarithm; k – constant benz( )pyrene, consists in their water areas of oil pollution // Environment of underground waters was noted. of cleaning with simultaneously degradation process as number Protection in an Oil and Gas Complex. – 2008. – At the same time the upper bound physically disturbed and oil polluted the hydrocarbons-oxidizing of speed of degradation of remediation. So, for effective No. 5. – P. 72 – 75. of oil flow was traced at a depth of soil by means of biocompost microorganisms in peat by 4 – 5 hydrocarbons. The corresponding remediation of the surface waters 11. T.V. Koronelly. The principles and methods of 50 – 60 cm, and lower bound was representing the fermented times exceeds a similar indicator for formula for calculation looks as: polluted as a result of emergency an intensification of biological degradation of closed with a underground waters peat-manure mixture enriched the soil [21]. T99 = ln 100/k, where k = ln(y0 /y)/t. oil spills the boom obstacles hydrocarbons in environment (review) // Applied serving for restriction of distribution Biochemistry and Microbiology. – 1996. – No. mirror. with hydrocarbons-oxidizing The contents of oil hydrocarbons 6(32). – P. 579 – 585. Researches on degradation of oil of its film on a water surface In other work [15], the content of oil microorganisms in number of noted in the course of the 12. L.I. Elpiner. Modern medico-ecological doctrines 6 hydrocarbons under the influence of and promoting the concentrated around an earth barn with a total 10 cell/g and also nutrients experiment a decrease under the about underground waters // Hygiene and biocompost have shown that when oil collection. Other means for Sanitation. – 2015. – No. 6. – P. 39 – 46. 2 was estimated. Such quantity of influence of biocompost confirm area of 3000 m (the Krasnodar entering its various doses (50 and this purpose are the sorbents microorganisms is considered the microbiological nature of 13. I.G. Kalachnikova, T.A. Maslivets, A.A. Oborin, region) used for collection of the 100 g/kg) into the soil time of almost simplifying and accelerating the A.I. Ogloblina, Iu.I. Pikovsky. Transformation sufficient for self-reproduction of degradation of these substances. oil spreading around a well was full degradation of hydrocarbons procedure of mechanical removal of oil in podsolic soils of Middle Ob river their population as one of conditions The mechanism of observed // Migration of the Polluting Substances in determined. It was as a result at concentration of oil in 50 g/kg of oil from a water surface and established that oil pollution of a soil of effective cleaning of polluted oil process consists, first of all, in Soils and Adjacent Environments. Leningrad: is reduced rather control option by also preparations of hydrocarbons- Gidrometeoizdat Publishing House, 1985. – P. soil [4]. Physically disturbed soil absorption of hydrocarbons by profile extended up to the depth of 1.8 – 4.8 times, and at concentration oxidizing microorganisms for 74 – 80. representing the naked sandy loam means of a hydrophobization of the 120 – 130 cm. of 100 g/kg – 1.7 – 4.0 times cardinal water purification of in 14. Iu.I. Pikovsky, V.A. Veselovsky, V.S. Vshivtsev, lower illuvial horizon of the gray cell wall of microorganisms realized Meanwhile, at intake of oil in (Table 1). situ are used. Remediation of L.S. Ernestova, L.A. Biya. Geochemical and forest soil 50 – 90 cm thick served as through biosynthesis of specific ecological studying of oil streams in a zone of underground waters, tastes of the polluted soil as main source an object of a research (Fig. 1). Here Here calculation of time of almost compounds – lipophil glicol-, humid subtropics // Migration of the Polluting drinking water spoil already at of intake of oil in underground Substances in Soils and Adjacent Environments. the illuvial horizon is understood full degradation of hydrocarbons, peptide- and peptideglicollipids content >0.1 mg/l. This value waters can be carried out only by Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat Publishing House, as the soil layer which is transition i.e. for 99% (T99) was carried out on [4]. In case of a direct contact represents MPC in water, in its degradation by hydrocarbons- 1985. – P. 64 – 69. from the overlying horizons to parent results of the analysis of content of of bacteria with a hydrocarbon particular, of the multisulphurous oxidizing microorganisms 15. A.P. Maksimenko, V.A. Gersh. Assessment of rook. It should be noted that coloring hydrocarbons in dynamics, using film the latter penetrate into pollutants of the soil – sludge depots // AgroXXI. oil established on the so-called -kt preparations that the risk of of this soil is the most available, and exponential dependence: y = e , the cell by passive diffusion – – 2006. – No. 7-9. – P. 47 – 48. organoleptic limiting harm indicator pollution of these waters by this first of all, the evident morphological where y – the residual content of gradual penetration into the cell 16. G.S. Serkovskaya. Content of benz- -pyrene characterizing change of a smell substance will be avoided. in samples of commodity oils // Chemistry and feature characterizing its physical hydrocarbons for the period of t wall – and reach enzymes on and taste of water in the presence Technology of Fuels and Oils. – 2011. – No. 3. – disturbance. Here for comparison carried to initial y0; e – basis of a membranes, which are carrying out of this substance. However water P. 56. hydrocarbons degradation. Along becomes soiled not only by oil, but References 17. T.M. Belyakova, T.M. Dianova, N.Ya. Trefilova. with molecular-diffuse penetration of 1. L.I. Sverlova, N.V. Voronina. Pollution of Geoecological studying of landscapes of also by the cancerogenic substance a river basin the Urals in connection with FIG. 1. Coloring of the natural soil (1), physically disturbed soil (2), oil (3) and hydrocarbons through the surface Environment and Ecological Pathology of the benz( )pyrene (C20H12) which Human. Khabarovsk: OOP KKGS Publishing population morbidity by cancer // Problems of biocompost (4) of the cell wall, they can penetrate quantity depending on the oil field House, 2001. – 216 p. Biogeochemistry and Geochemical Ecology. – through special ultra-microscopic 2006. – No. 1. – P. 183 – 191. can fluctuate within 240 – 8050 2. T.A. Alekseeva, L.M. Masaeva. Problems of pores as well. Such channels filled mkg/kg that is fraught with grave protection of the water environment against 18. V.A. Markelov, O.P. Andreev, D.N. Kobylkin, with electron-dense (granular) pollution by oil and oil products // Environment A.K. Arabsky, O.B. Arno, P.G. Tsybulsky, V.N. consequences for the person health substances were first found in Protection in an Oil and Gas Complex. – 2008. – Bashkin, A.S. Kazak, R.V. Galiulin. Gas Industry [16]. So, in researches [17], direct Sustainable Development. Moscow: LLC yeasts. It is known that oxidation of No. 5. – P. 21 – 24. correlation between pollution of 3. Z.I. Zholdakova, N.I. Belyaeva. Danger of water «Publishing House Nedra», 2013. – 211 p. oil hydrocarbons occur by majority drinking water by benz( )pyrene objects pollution at oil production // Hygiene and 19. R.V. Galiulin, R.A. Galiulina. Remediation of of microorganisms happens to the polar ecosystems polluted by gas condensate of an oil origin and incidence of Sanitation. – 2015. – No. 1(94). – P. 28 – 31. help of so-called adaptive enzymes. and oil hydrocarbons by biological preparations gullet cancer in local population in 4. E.S. Dmitrevskaya, T.A. Krasilnikova, O.A. The end products of oxidation of Markova. About pollution of environment and a // The Open Ecology Journal. – 2015. – V. 8 the basin of the Urals River was (Suppl 1-M5). – P. 40 – 43. 1 2 hydrocarbons are carbonic acid radiation situation in the territory of the Russian established. Federation in March, 2016 // Meteorology and 20. R.V. Galiulin, V.N. Bashkin. Biogeochemical and water, however as intermediate Hydrology. – 2016. – No. 6. – P. 103 – 110. approaches for managing geoenvironmental risk Remediation of Polluted Soil products alcohols, organic acids 5. E.S. Dmitrevskaya, T.A. Krasilnikova, O.A. of hydrocarbons pollution in disturbed soils // and ester are found. Markova. About pollution of environment and a In: Biogeochemical Technologies for Managing as Source of Oil Entering in radiation situation in the territory of the Russian Pollution in Polar Ecosystems. Environmental Federation in April, 2016 // Meteorology and Pollution. Springer International Publishing Underground Waters Conclusion Hydrology. – 2016. – No. 7. – P. 103 – 111. Switzerland, 2017. – V. 26. – P. 185 – 192. Remediation of the polluted soil Thus, protection of soil, surface 6. E.S. Dmitrevskaya, T.A. Krasilnikova, O.A. 21. T.P. Alekseeva, T.I. Burmistrova, N.N. as a source of oil entering in and underground waters against Markova. About pollution of environment and a Tereshchenko, L.D. Stakhina, I.I. Panova. radiation situation in the territory of the Russian Prospects of peat use for cleaning of the underground waters includes pollution by oil as the substance Federation in May, 2016 // Meteorology and petropolluted soils // Biotechnology. – 2000. – soil cleaning by biological means 3 4 containing cancerogenic Hydrology. – 2016. – No. 8. – P. 100 – 106. No. 1. – P. 58 – 64.

76 ~ Neftegaz.RU [6] [6] Neftegaz.RU ~ 77 NEFTEGAZ

A. Seminikhin A. Novak, M. Barkindo B. Gaevsky

D. Meller, Yu. Karpov V. Maryev

V. Tsvetkov

S.Rudnitskiy, A.Karaoglanov, S.Smirnov

S. Rudnitsky, A. Karaoglanov, S. Smirnov M. Mansurov

Participants of the 5th International Conference CIS Base Oils and Lubricants-2017 V. Tumanov

The 6th meeting of Russia-OPEC Energy Dialogue

A. Shadrin Participants of Russia and CIS shelf development conference-2017

H. Al-Falih, M. Barkindo, A. Shokhin

Participants of the conference A. Ivantsov, V. Zavershinsky Polyurethanes-2017 Speakers of the Russian Oil and Gas Summit A. Dmitrov

Participants of NDExpo-2017

M. Dubinina

K. Nizhegorodov 80 ~ “ “ “

and energy sector” special pageinthefuel rails. Minersare a on theroad oronthe production limit” we haveafairlyhigh this stepconsciously, production? We took to thereduction inoil A. Siluanov V. Putin V. Kalyuzhny which iscriticalnow” matter ofcompetition, privatization isa state sectorthrough reduction ofthe and thepublicsector, owned companies Neftegaz.RU [6] dividends ofstate- The issueof QUOTES never layhishead The oilmanwill economy react How willour “ “ “ 400 thousandbarrels” Russia hasincreased by A. Novak A.Kudrin next 7 background” gas willgotothe G. Gref oil production in For thelasttwoyears, be privatizedinthe The oilsectorshould sources, oiland As themainfuel

–

8 years” “ “ “ ruble” the strengthening ofthe of higheroilpricesand many respects, theresult E. Nabiullina converse iswrong” there isoil;the human capital” and developmentof investment support basic elementsare with them.Two such and weneedtowork potential growth, Ch. Issawi M. Oreshkin inflation nowis,in They saythatlow are Muslims, There where there restrictions for There are serious

ADS ADS