National Park Service Flagstaff Area National Monuments U.S. Department of the Interior

Ancient Times Park News 2003

Celebrating the CCC’s 70th Anniversary

“IF THEY ASKED ME TO GO, I’D GO TOMORROW,” character of a landscape, roads, trails and buildings were declares Albert Spudy, reminiscing about his days in the designed to blend with the natural setting. Construction Civilian Conservation Corps. Spudy and other men spent materials were quarried on-site. Native materials were used part of their youth working at , Wupatki, and to blend the new with the old. The built environment envi- Walnut Canyon as Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) sioned by National Park Service landscape architects and recruits. They left their mark on these monuments—in the implemented by the CCC shaped the visitor experience steps that wind their way to the Island Trail in Walnut throughout the park system and still does today. Large Canyon, in the first visitor center that blended impeccably parks and small monuments from Grand Canyon, Yosemite with its surroundings, in the ranger residence at Wupatki and Yellowstone to Sunset Crater, Walnut Canyon and that looks as if it belongs to the landscape. Spudy and two Wupatki all benefited from this great legacy. hundred other men were members of the Mount Elden CCC Camp located in Flagstaff. They were part of a nation- Two million men worked as CCC recruits in more than al effort to, among other things, assist the National Park 1,200 camps across the country between 1933 and 1942. Service in the development and improvement of roads, Initially known as the Emergency Conservation Work pro- trails, and facilities. gram, the CCC was created by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to provide impoverished youth of the Depression top of page: early visitors enjoy an outing to Walnut Canyon, circa 1895. The CCC provided a work force to implement the National the opportunity to improve their education and ability to Park Service’s Master Plan. In order to preserve the natural above: Walnut Canyon’s original CCC-built “CCC” continued on page 12 visitor center perched on the canyon rim. 4 Meet Your SCA 8 Beetlemania 9 New Beginnings Visitor Information…3 Ranger Programs…5 How do you recognize an SCA? Look Small in size, the pine bark beetle is After more than 30 years of service, for a smile—then ask about SCA’s 1.2 causing big problems in Flagstaff and exhibits in the visitor center museums Flagstaff Area Map…6-7 million hours of volunteer service yearly. western U.S. forests. are getting a much-needed overhaul. Park Safety…10 left: the sun rises on a wintery desert landscape near House Rules Sunset Crater.

front page: Visitors Northern is littered with archeological sites. to Walnut Canyon The dry climate of this region has allowed artifacts and enjoy an outing, sites of past human activity to survive decomposition circa 1895. and the forces of erosion for hundreds of years.

Our decisions and actions will determine whether these priceless and nonrenewable traces of the past will exist into the future.

As a guest in these homes, please remember these basic house rules:

By Invitation Only Visit only marked, well-known sites. These have been stabilized and reinforced and are better able to with- People & Parks stand visitation. Welcome Support Your Parks with WNPA Membership Interested in supporting the educational programs of the Use established, marked trails to and around sites. Welcome to the Flagstaff Area National Park Service? Consider buying a membership to Walking through and around sites is one of the most National Monuments! Walnut Western National Parks Association, the Flagstaff Area damaging impacts; it rapidly undermines wall founda- Canyon, Sunset Crater and Monuments’ nonprofit partner association. WNPA members tions and crushes fragile archeological objects and Wupatki National Monuments are enjoy a 15% discount on bookstore purchases, and deposits. special places that reveal a part of memberships are honored throughout the the rich history of the American National Park System. An annual individual Off-trail hiking is prohibited. Think of the cumula- Southwest. These monuments have membership costs $25. Memberships may tive impact created by judgements such as “it’s just a been preserved in perpetuity so that be purchased at park visitor centers, or call couple of us and it’s just this one time”. their cultural and natural histories 928 526-1157, extension 226. might be told. Keep Your Feet Off the Furniture Sitting, leaning, walking, or climbing on walls loosens Preserving the monuments is a part- mortar which erodes easily. Walls collapse. nership between the National Park Minimum fine: $50 Service and all visitors. We must all Are you a VIP? act as stewards of these irreplace- We’re looking for enthusiastic, friendly people committed to Don’t Take the Knickknacks able resources if we are to share assisting park employees in different areas of park management. Parks are not the place to collect rocks, fossils, animals, them with future generations. A variety of volunteer opportunities exist year-round at the mon- or plants. Imagine the result if each of the million visi- uments. Volunteers-In-Park (VIPs) can work full-time or part- tors a year to the Flagstaff Area National Monuments The mission of the National Park time. Housing or RV hook-ups are sometimes available. If you took something home. The parks would be stripped Service (NPS) is “to conserve the have a special interest or skill, chances are we could use your tal- bare. scenery and the natural and historic ents. For more information, contact: Minimum fine: $250 objects and the wildlife therein and to provide for the enjoyment of Flagstaff Area National Monuments Don’t Rearrange the Furniture future generations”. To meet this Attn: Volunteer Program Coordinator Left in place, pieces of pottery and artifacts are valu- legislative mandate, the NPS must 6400 N. Highway 89 able clues; rearranged in piles they mean nothing. This continually evaluate how to manage Flagstaff, AZ 86004 behavior deprives other visitors of the thrill of discover- these lands and resources. You, as ing artifacts where they were left generations ago. one of over 270 million visitors each Minimum fine: $250 year to the NPS system, must also Teachers! Make Your Science Curriculum Come Alive! make decisions about using and car- Sign the Register Not the Rocks Science in Our Parks is an in-depth, science-based curriculum for ing for these pieces of America’s Adding names or drawings to rock outcrops, rock art 4th through 6th grade educators and their students, focusing on heritage. Please begin by treating panels, or structures dishonors the timeless qualities of the natural and cultural history of the Colorado Plateau. the parks gently during your visit. these special places. All visitor centers have guest reg- Through classroom activities and field explorations in the isters where we invite you to leave your mark. Flagstaff Area National Monuments, students develop an under- Thanks for your assistance! Minimum fine: $250 standing of the scientific process and park management, while gaining a sense of resource stewardship. For more information, contact the Flag Areas Palma E. Wilson Education Coordinator at 928 526-3367. Superintendent

2 Ancient Times National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Catching Glimpses of the Past

Walnut Canyon. Sunset Crater adapting to an arid environment and Volcano. Wupatki. Three national learning new skills. When Sunset Flagstaff Area monuments with very different Crater Volcano erupted in the 1000s, National Monuments landscapes. As we look up at Sunset there were people here to see it; the Crater’s cinder cone, down into event changed their lives, and Superintendent Walnut Canyon, and out across the influenced settlement at Wupatki and Palma E. Wilson Wupatki grasslands to the Painted throughout the region. The pueblos of Desert, we wonder: how are these Wupatki and the cliff homes of Walnut Mailing Address places connected? Canyon contain information that fuels National Park Service archeological theories and confirms Flagstaff Areas NATURAL LEGACY 6400 N. Highway 89 the stories and traditions of present Flagstaff, Arizona 86004 At all three monuments, the earth’s day American Indian peoples, who still varied geologic past lies exposed have strong ties to these places. By Park Headquarters before us. These landscapes were visiting these sites, we can experience 928 526-1157 shaped by the violence of volcanic something of the lives of people here eruptions and by the slow erosion of before us—their migrations, living Fax Number older rock layers, which in turn reveal conditions, conflicts, cooperation, 928 526-4259 evidence of ancient seas and sand ingenuity, achievements, and failings. dunes. Within canyon walls and in What can we learn from them? E-mail broad scenic vistas, we glimpse [email protected] features from the distant past, and the FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS The National Park Service cares diversity of plants and animals that Some lessons of the past have not yet for the special places saved by the have adapted to live here today. been discovered. By preserving and American people so that all may protecting these landscapes, with their experience our heritage. GLIMPSES OF THE PAST variety of natural and cultural above: Sunset Crater Volcano, Wupatki and For thousands of years, people too components, we are saving information Walnut Canyon National Monuments protect a variety of natural and cultural landscapes. have found ways to live in these places, for future generations.

Visitor Information Entrance Fees Entrance for adults (17 and older) is $5.00 per person. Persons 16 and under are free. In Case of an Emergency Special fees are charged for commercial tours. In case of an emergency, contact a park ranger. If no ranger is available, from Walnut Passes Canyon and Sunset Crater Volcano call 911. From Wupatki, call the Coconino County The Flagstaff Area National Monuments honor National Park Passes and Golden Eagle, Sheriff’s Office at 928 774-4523. Golden Age, and Golden Access Passports. Passes may be purchased at park entrance stations and visitor centers. Dates and Hours of Operation The Flagstaff Area National Monuments are open every day except December 25. For Weather and Climate visitor center and park hours, please see the map on pages 6-7. Expect variable weather conditions throughout the parks. Short afternoon thunder- storms are common July through September. Expect high winds during March and Reaching the Parks April. At Wupatki, summer daytime temperatures can exceed 100 degrees. In winter Walnut Canyon months, heavy snowfall is not uncommon at Sunset Crater Volcano and Walnut Take I-40 exit 204, 7.5 miles (12 km) east of Flagstaff. Drive south 3 miles (5 km) to the Canyon. Walnut Canyon Visitor Center. Be advised that Walnut Canyon’s parking lot has a tight turn-around for towed vehicles. Vehicles longer than 40 feet (12 m) are not Pet Policy recommended. Pets are not allowed on trails or in buildings. Pets may be exercised in parking areas and must be leashed at all times. Do not leave pets unattended outside vehicles. Sunset Crater Volcano Summer temperatures may be fatal to pets left in vehicles. From Flagstaff, take US 89 north for 12 miles (19 km). Turn right at the sign for Sunset Crater Volcano-Wupatki National Monuments. Drive 2 miles (3 km) to the Sunset Crater Contacting the Parks Visitor Center. Walnut Canyon Visitor Center: 928 526-3367 Sunset Crater Volcano Visitor Center: 928 526-0502 Wupatki Wupatki Visitor Center: 928 679-2365 From Flagstaff, take US 89 north for 12 miles (19 km). Turn right at the sign for Sunset Visit us on the web at www.nps.gov/waca, www.nps.gov/sucr, and Crater Volcano-Wupatki National Monuments. Drive 22 miles (35 km) to the Wupatki www.nps.gov/wupa. Visitor Center.

Ancient Times 3 Getting to Know SCA Traveling in Mountain Lion Country Mountain lions live in these parks. Sightings are rare—an attack is an What to do if you see a extremely unlikely event. There is mountain lion: far greater risk, in fact, of being struck by lightning. Lions do, Do not run. Do not approach however, frequent Walnut Canyon it. Do not crouch down. and potential exists for a hazardous encounter. To avoid danger, it is Stop! Raise your arms and important for you to know how to back away slowly, facing the behave in mountain lion country. The lion. Leave the lion an escape following advice will allow you to route. more safely share these parks with a truly spectacular animal. Pick up small children. Their size and behavior make them These actions have resulted in vulnerable. mountain lion attacks:

If a lion is aggressive, wave People jogging or hiking alone. your hands slowly, speak firmly above: SCA intern Bennet VanOudenallen talks with a visiting school group. It is advisable to travel in groups. or shout.

PERHAPS YOU’VE COME INTO in all 50 states. Today, Children running or walking If attacked, remain standing contact with a member of the SCA SCA interns of all ages unattended by parents. Keep and fight back! during your travels through the contribute over 1.2 children close and within sight Flagstaff Area National Monuments. million hours of service at all times. You can tell you’ve run into an SCA by per year as interpreters, his or her smile and the yellow and researchers, backcoun- purple patch that adorns the SCA try patrollers, foresters, and educators. Exploring Northern Arizona uniform sleeve. These interns are some of the thousands of members of the The Flagstaff Area Monuments The Flagstaff area contains some of the most fascinating natural and cultural sites in the Southwest. From red rock canyons to Hopi’s high mesas, lush green Student Conservation Association who currently serve as a home base for 2 to forests to rugged desert, northern Arizona has something for everyone. assist the National Park Service and 6 interns a year, who take part in a other land management agencies in variety of activities, like coordinating Flagstaff Visitor 928 774-9541 Lodging, dining, events and area attractions. preserving and protecting our public school groups, giving educational talks, Center 800 842 7293 Open daily. lands. monitoring park resources, leading Area Organizations hikes and backpacking trips, staffing SCA started as a graduate thesis pro- the visitor centers, even writing and Coconino National 928 527-3600 Information on camping, hiking, fishing and Forest other recreational activities. Open weekdays. posed by a young college student editing this newspaper! named Elizabeth Titus in the late 1950s. Hopi Reservation 928 734-2411 Information on touring Hopiland. Liz thought there should be a way to Other SCA alumni also serve here in Hopi Tribal Council Open weekdays. blend the energy and adventuresome the Flagstaff Monuments. Diana Navajo Nation 928 871-6436 Information on visiting the Navajo reserva- spirit of young people with the Pennington, Interpretive Ranger and 928 871-7371 tion. Open weekdays. pressing needs of our national parks Education Coordinator at Walnut and forests. While developing her Canyon, started her National Park Museum of Northern 928 774-5213 Center for American Indian artifacts and Arizona natural history specimens from the Colorado thesis, Liz came into contact with Service career as an interpretive intern Plateau. Open daily. former National Park Service Director at the Grand Canyon. Originally from Horace Albright, who suggested that Indiana, Diana was directed towards The Arboretum 928 774-1442 Explore 200 acres of gardens and natural at Flagstaff habitats with over 2,500 plant species. Liz do more than simply write a thesis. SCA by an advisor after graduating Open daily. Albright set up some meetings and from college. Her desire to see the interviews, and in 1957, 53 student west, and her love of the outdoors, has Arizona Snowbowl 928 779-1951 From mid-June thru mid-October, ride the volunteers served at Olympic and kept her here ever since. Scenic Skyride to the top of the mountain for a view of alpine tundra and desert. Grand Teton National Parks. Open daily. In contrast to Diana, current SCA 45 years later, the SCA has placed over intern Emmeline Altschul came to For information about the Flagstaff Area National Monuments, call 928 526-1157. 40,000 volunteers in national parks, Walnut Canyon straight out of high forests, monuments, and historic sites school in Pittsburgh. Emmeline was Ancient Times is published by the Flagstaff Area National Monuments with funding from Western National Parks Association. “SCA” continued on page 12 Publications Coordinator: Naomi Shibata. Editor & Design: Daina Dajevskis. Contributors: Andy Heisinger, Carol Kruse, Jeanne Stevens, Ben VanOudenallen. Photographers: Steve Canipe, Dallas Larsen. Printed by Arizona Daily Sun on recycled paper, using by Ben VanOudenallen, Wupatki SCA soy inks. © 2002

4 Ancient Times Ranger Programs

Ranger programs are offered from Memorial Day through Labor Day and are subject to change. Programs may also be offered during winter months. Please inquire at the visitor centers for current program information.

Walnut Canyon

Program Day/Time Duration Description

above left: visitors stroll Sunset Crater’s Lava Coffee with a Saturday 30 minutes Join a ranger to talk informally Flow Trail on a ranger-guided walk. Ranger 8:00 am over coffee or hot chocolate. above right: SCA intern Candace Funk and hikers enjoy a Discovery Hike near Wupatki’s Ledge Hike* Saturday 3 hours Journey back in time to a historic Citadel Pueblo. 10:00 am ranger cabin then hike down a side canyon to the ledge. right: Visitors on a Ledge HIke pause to look out over Walnut Canyon. Cabin Walk* Thursday & Sunday 2 hours Stroll through ancient Sinagua 10:00 am farmland on your way to a his- toric ranger cabin.

Sunset Crater Volcano

Program Day/Time Duration Description Calling All Junior Rangers Coffee with a Saturday & Sunday 2 hours Join a ranger to talk informally Ranger 7:30 am over coffee or hot chocolate. Hey, Kid … Can you tell a mano from a metate? What does a ponderosa pine tree smell like? What would a story made from petroglyphs be about? Ranger’s Choice Daily 15 minutes Join a ranger for a discussion on 10:00 am a topic of his or her choice. If you’re 6 to 12 years old and think you might have an idea, Topics differ daily. then you’re the kind of kid we need as a Junior Ranger. Ask Lava Trail Walk Daily 40 minutes Meet at the Lava Flow Trail for a at any of the three parks for a Junior Ranger workbook—it’s 11:00 am ¼ mile walk through Bonito Lava full of activities that will help you have fun and learn about Flow’s squeeze-ups and more. nature and people from long ago. Seismograph Talk Daily 15 minutes Enjoy a talk on what an earth- 1:00 pm quake really is and how we When you’re done, bring it back to any visitor center. We’ll look it over, then swear you record and locate them. in as a Junior Park Ranger and give you an official badge. Collect a badge at each park! Lava Flow Daily 15 minutes Join a ranger at Bonito Lava Flow Overlook Talk 3:00 pm Pullout for a short talk on the It’s Not Easy Being Green eruption of Sunset Crater.

In April 1999, the Department of the Interior and the Department of Energy formed a partnership called Green Wupatki Energy Parks: Making the National Parks a Showcase for a Sustainable Energy Future. The partnership’s goal is to pro- Program Day/Time Duration Description mote the use of energy-efficient and renewable energy tech- nologies in our national parks, while educating the public Discovery Hike* Saturday 3 hours Hike to seldom seen archeologi- about these efforts. 8:30 am cal sites in the Wupatki back- country. Going Green The Flagstaff Area Parks are implementing environmentally friendly cleaning products Pueblo Overlook Daily 15 minutes Join a ranger for a look at the life Talk 11:00, 12:00, 1:00, of a Wupatki Puebloan in the and eliminating all toxic materials, such as chlorine bleach, from within the parks. 2:00, 3:00 1100s. We continue to fine-tune our recycling program. Ranger’s Choice Saturday & Sunday 30 minutes Join a ranger for a discussion on Taking Charge Times vary a topic of his or her choice. By being environmental leaders, the National Park Service hopes to educate park visi- Topics differ daily. tors, local residents, businesses, and schools about the impact of conventional energy use on natural and cultural resources. What can you do to reduce energy use and * – Reservations required. Please call the park visitor center for more information. adopt environmentally safe practices? Ancient Times 5 Can’t See the Forest for the Beetles turning brown? Some visitors to the cambium layer under the bark. The Flagstaff Area National Monuments eggs hatch into larvae and feed on the might attribute the problem to the live inner bark or cambium of the tree, drought conditions that plagued the killing the tree. Once the larvae turn

western pine beetle western U.S. in 2002. While drought into adults, they depart for a new tree has weakened trees in the region, the or another spot on the same tree and If you drive north on Highway 89 real culprit killing the trees is an the cycle starts all over again. between Flagstaff and Sunset Crater enemy small in size, at only about an Volcano/Wupatki National eighth of an inch long. This year, the Some bark beetles also carry spores of Monuments you will see many brown pine bark beetle has been making a specialized type of fungus in pouch- and dying trees in the stands of pon- headlines all around the southwestern like structures in their heads. The derosa pines along the side of the United States, and some experts pre- spores dislodge and germinate as bee- road. Why are these trees, as well as dict the problem these little guys cre- tles chew through the bark. The fun- others in northern Arizona and ate may be here for some time to gus then blocks conductive vessels of around the western United States, come. the inner bark, causing tree leaves and needles to fade in color. After as little as a year, trees begin to turn reddish brown as a result. This is often the first evidence of bark beetle damage to a tree.

PINE ENGRAVER The pine engraver beetle often attacks Pitch tubes made by western pine beetles. smaller trees and the tops of larger The tubes, made of resin and boring dust, are usually the first sign of infestation on a tree. trees. While their preferred host is fresh pine debris, pine engravers will top: an unsuccessful attack by a western pine beetle. The beetle is ejected by tree resin and also attack and kill living trees once remains stuck to underside of pitch tube. their populations build up in nearby bottom: a successful attack. Tube is reddish debris. brown with a clear opening. Photos courtesy USDA Forest Service Archives. In this species, it is the males who ini- tiate the attack and send out a chemi- Prior to mating, the pine beetle con- cal signal to call in other beetles. Adult structs maze-like galleries that do not engravers build galleries in trees, etch the wood. Unlike the engraver’s Want to Learn More? There are about a dozen beetle species which are excavated grooves that etch open galleries, those of pine beetles Check out these sources for that attack ponderosa pines. The two or engrave the sapwood under the are packed with boring dust. further reading on bark beetles: species killing most of the local trees bark. Pine engraver galleries are open, are the pine engraver or Ips pini (Say), relative to other species. These dis- WHY NOW? University of Arizona and the western pine beetle or tinctive “engraved” galleries are what Many local residents question why the Cooperative Extension Dendroctonus brevicomis. The bark give this particular beetle its name. bark beetles have suddenly become a http://ag.arizona.edu/extension/fh/ beetles affect trees in several ways. problem. The beetles are a natural bark_beetle.html Often, the pine engraver beetle attacks WESTERN PINE BEETLE part of the northern Interior West Bark Beetle Project the top half of the tree and the western In contrast, the western pine beetle Arizona ecosystem http://www.usu.edu/beetle pine beetle attacks the lower half. The attacks living trees that are larger than and have attack starts when an adult is success- six inches in diameter, often choosing evolved with The Bugwood Network ful at entering the tree through the large, old trees. Females carry out the ponderosa http://www.bugwood.org bark. The beetle then gives off chemi- initial attacks, usually at mid-trunk. pine for mil- cal signals called pheromones, causing Females signal an opportunity for lennia. Overall forest Ecological Restoration Institute large numbers of beetles to join the attack by sending out pheromone sig- health, however, has at Northern Arizona University attack on the tree. nals to nearby beetles. Pitch tubes, decreased in the last cen- http://www.eri.nau.edu which can be up to one inch in diame- tury. Fire suppression has led Once in the tree, adult beetles mate ter, are clear indicators of a successful to overcrowding in forests as well as Flagstaff Bark Beetle Task Force and lay large numbers of eggs in the pine beetle attack. Pitch tubes are drought. Under normal conditions, 928 774-1868 found in both bark and bark crevices. “Bark Beetles” continued on page 10 by Jeanne Stevens, Interpretive Park Ranger

8 Ancient Times Renovating the Visitor Center Exhibits

VISITORS TO THE MONUMENTS sion to renovate was the presence of have much to look forward to. Plans some inaccurate and potentially insen- are underway to accomplish a long sitive or culturally offensive material overdue upgrade of museum exhibits within some of the exhibits.” Fischer at Sunset Crater Volcano and Wupatki. also mentioned that new exhibits The new exhibits will allow visitors to would support an influx of new infor- choose from a variety of interpretive mation as discoveries are made. “Our media intended to aid self-discovery, knowledge of the area will change over educate visitors about resource fragili- time. With advances in computer ty, and allow visitors to experience the technology, we can achieve greater Flagstaff area’s cultural continuum exhibit flexibility, allowing us to rotate from past to present. new or different materials and infor- mation into the exhibit.” The long- term scope of the project is impressive. The new exhibits are expected to Exhibit retain relevance for at least twenty Specialist Sue years. Fischer is one of many experts working on the project. “The Consultations with a wide range of exhibits at Wupatki and at Sunset experts and American Indian tribes above: the Museum of Northern Arizona has partnered with the Flagstaff Area Monuments to produce the new exhibits. The museum houses much of the park collections. Crater are twenty to thirty years old, have been key to renovation planning. and many of them have become obso- An array of park exhibit and interpre- Museum of Northern Arizona will be Wupatki and Sunset Crater Volcano lete,” Fischer commented. “The tive specialists, rangers, archeologists, responsible for the design, fabrication patrons have become part of the plan- largest factors contributing to the deci- and curators has joined forces with a and installation of the new exhibits,” ning process as well. A visitor survey variety of partner organizations. “The Fischer explained. conducted in the summer of 1998 has by Andy Heisinger, WNPA served as an important resource for the exhibit planners. Surveys have provided invaluable insight into what motivates people to visit the monu- ments, what monument features create the most visitor interest, and what expectations visitors hold as they explore these sites. Evaluations of exhibit content will be conducted with monument visitors, providing more opportunities for public involvement in the renovation process.

Funding for the new exhibits is com- ing directly from visitor fees. Project directors have slated exhibit installa- tion at Sunset Crater Volcano for February 2004. Wupatki’s exhibits will be installed in the fall of 2004. The Walnut Canyon Visitor Center is to be renovated and new exhibits installed in 2008. Everyone involved with the project is excited about the enhanced experience that will be afforded by these sweeping changes.

above: This outdated museum exhibit from the 1960’s will under go renovation at Walnut Canyon National Monument. New exhibits will reflect updated research information on cultural, natural and historical resources.

Ancient Times 9 “Bark Beetles” ventative measures will help the most. Protect Your Park continued from page 8 Foresters recommend lowering tree density through thinning. Be sure to For your own safety, you are responsible for knowing and obeying park rules tion forces bark beetles out of trees. thin trees in late summer and fall in and regulations while visiting the Flagstaff Area National Monuments. If you Currently, though, trees are in a order to allow debris to dry. This have any questions, please contact a park ranger. Here are a few things to stressed state and sap production is makes tree material less attractive to remember: not at normal levels. Scientists from bark beetles. Consult with a certified Northern Arizona University in forester for appropriate thinning tech- Observe posted speed limits Park roads are not designed for speed. Drive slowly, enjoy the scenery and Flagstaff report that many trees have niques. watch for animals on the road. Be especially careful at dawn and dusk, stopped photosynthesizing and some when animals are most active. trees are no longer transpiring at all. At present, we are left with many more To transpire means to give off watery questions than answers about the Wear your seatbelt vapor, especially from the surface of effects of bark beetles on trees in Buckle up. Seat belts are required by law. leaves or needles. northern Arizona. Historically, wild- fires have naturally thinned forests in Vehicles and bicycles must remain on designated public roadways. The effects of the bark beetle infesta- Always use marked parking areas and never stop in the roadway. tion in northern Arizona are signifi- cant. Ponderosa and piñon pine trees “We know that bark beetle Hunting and the possession of firearms are prohibited are the main trees affected around the attacks will ultimately region. While it is difficult to know Do not approach or feed wildlife destroy many large forest- Within the parks, animals as diverse as javelinas, pronghorn antelope, exactly how many trees are affected, in ed areas in northern collared lizards and mountain lions make their homes. Park wildlife is some Flagstaff neighborhoods, there is Arizona.” protected by federal law. Remember, this is wildlife—keep a safe distance. 100% tree mortality. In addition, Avoid contact with rodents approximately 100,000 piñon pines The white-footed deer mouse is a carrier of hantavirus and prairie dogs can east of Flagstaff are dying. The brown, northern Arizona, leaving stands of carry plague. dead trees can remain standing for two pines and large open parks, or forest Use caution and common sense around skunks, bats and other known to fifteen years and are standing fuel— areas devoid of trees. We know that carriers of rabies. a hazard which increases the danger of bark beetle attacks will ultimately lightning strikes and wildland fire. destroy many large forested areas in Hydrate! northern Arizona and that the effects Heat kills. In summer months, prevent dehydration by drinking lots of water. Once a tree is infested, it cannot be will be ecological, social, economic Eat salty snacks. If you will be doing strenuous hiking, take one gallon of saved. While in many instances, only and more. It is difficult, however, to water per person, per day. the top half of the tree appears dead, predict the full range of impacts from Avoid lightning storms the lower half will be killed shortly the loss of large tracts of forested Lightning storms are common to northern Arizona in summer months. Avoid thereafter. Experts do not recom- areas. How do you think bark beetles danger by seeking shelter at the first indication of lightning. Avoid trees and mend trimming just the top of the tree will change our environment? How openareas. in such cases. For homeowners look- will the loss of forests affect our lives? ing to save trees, local experts say pre-

Park News In Brief Southern Colorado Plateau Learning Center Earthscope Project New on the Web Imagine living laboratories where science and education "From a distance the red cinders seem to be on fire," John Find in-depth combine to increase our knowledge and understanding Wesley Powell wrote of Sunset Crater while on a U.S. Geological nature and of the world and our relationship to it. Accomplish this Survey expedition in 1885. He named the volcano "Sunset science infor- not by new construction, but by organizing and sharing Peak." To the Hopi, Sunset Crater is "Red Hill" or Polotsmo, mation on the the talents and facilities already available through home of the Kana’a katsinas. Through history, Sunset Crater has Flagstaff Area national parks and their neighbors, including universi- been many things to many people. Now Sunset Crater Monuments ties, state agencies, and community organizations. To Volcano National Monument is poised to take on a new role with our new Natural Resource realize this vision of the future, the National Park at the forefront of research in the physical sciences. The Profile web pages! Search an Service is creating a network of 32 learning cen- monument has been designated a pilot park to host instrumen- online catalog of Walnut Canyon’s ters across the nation. tation and interpret geophysical and geological findings of the exhibit collections or take a virtual National Earthscope Project. This multidisciplinary, multi-partner trip on Bonito Lava The Southern Colorado Plateau Learning Center, research project will investigate the structure and evolution of Flow. From the park home page, hosted by the Flagstaff Area National Monuments and the North American continent and the physical processes con- follow the Nature & Science link Petrified Forest National Park, will be one of these. trolling earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. under Park Resources. Goals are to facilitate research and to share the resulting See www.earthscope.com for more details. scientific information with the public. Stay tuned for details. mullein 10 Ancient Times Western National Parks Association The Story of WNPA Bookstore Sales Western National Parks Association (formerly Southwest Parks Bookstore sales are WNPA’s primary source of income and sup- and Monuments Association) was founded in 1938 to aid and port the parks’ interpretive programs. The following publications, promote the educational and scientific activities of the National available from WNPA, are recommended for making the most of Park Service. As a nonprofit organization authorized by your visit to the Flagstaff Area National Monuments. Congress, we operate visitor center bookstores, produce publica- tions, and support educational programs at more than 63 parks For our full catalog, visit our visitor center bookstores, or browse in 11 western states. online at www.wnpa.org.

Introducing the Parks Volcanoes of Northern Arizona Maps Offical Map and Guides Wendell Duffield Guide to Indian Country Map Wupatki/Sunset Crater Volcano and Walnut Canyon An easy-to-understand guide to northern Arizona volcanoes Covers the Four Comers area outlin- Park maps, safety, regulations, general orientation and intro- with beautiful graphics and color aerial photographs. Includes ing Indian reservations, national parks duction to the natural and cultural history of the parks. $.25 several self-guided road tours. 68 pages. $14.95 and monuments, and geologic fea- each. tures. $3.95 Cultures of the Southwest Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument Those Who Came Before: Southwestern Archeology in Recreational Map of Arizona Rose Houk the National Park System Detailed travel map with A look at the youngest of over 600 volcanoes found in the Robert and Florence Lister more than 400 recre- San Francisco volcanic field. 16 pages. $3.95 This is an excellent and comprehensive overview of south- ational sites and 500 western archeological sites in the National Park System. 184 points of interest listed. Wupatki National Monument pages. $16.95 $3.95 Susan Lamb A companion video program is also available on VHS for An overview of the natural and human history of Wupatki, $19.95 Road Map of Navajo from past to present. 16 pages. $3.95 and Hopi Nations Prehistoric Cultures of the Southwest Series Includes detailed maps of Walnut Canyon Rose Houk Monument Valley, Chaco Culture, and Scott Thybony Each booklet in this five-part series provides an introduction to Canyon de Chelly. $2.95 Guide to the cultural and natural history of Walnut Canyon the evolution, achievements, and lasting legacy of a distinct National Monument. 16 pages. $3.95 ancient culture. Please specify Anasazi, Hohokam, Mogollon, Deutsch translation: $4.95 Salado, or Sinagua. 16 pages. $3.95 each. Hiking and Travel Guides Guide to Sunset Crater and Wupatki The Guide to National Parks of the Scott Thybony Field Guides Southwest An excellent road guide to the natural and cultural features of 50 Common Birds of the Southwest Nicki Leach both national monuments. 48 pages. $5.95 Richard Cunningham Authoritative interpretive guide to 52 An easy reference to the more commonly seen species of the National Park Service sites in Arizona, The Parks In-Depth Southwest. 64 pages. $7.95 Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Wupatki and Walnut Canyon: New Perspectives on Texas. Color. 80 pages. $9.95 History, Prehistory, and Rock Art 70 Common Cacti of the Southwest Fierre Fisher David Grant Noble The Back Roads This perennial best-seller describes and depicts 70 common Research and analysis has provided new insights presented This Arizona Highways book outlines cacti species of the Southwest deserts. 80 pages. $7.95 here in a concise overview. 40 pages. $8.95 20 exciting back road tours for the whole family. 137 pages. $12.95 Letters from Wupatki 50 Common Reptiles and Amphibians of the Southwest Courtney Reeder Jones Jonathan Hanson and Roseann Beggy Hanson A compilation of letters written to friends Excellent color photographs make identification easy. 64 Flagstaff Hikes and family by the wife of Park Service care- pages. $7.95 Richard and Sherry taker Davy Jones during the 1930s. A won- Mangum Roadside Geology of Arizona 146 day hikes derful glimpse into life at Wupatki in the Halka Chronic around Flagstaff, days before 240,000 visitors a year. 151 Explains the spectacular geology of Arizona as seen from a car Arizona. 288 pages. pages. $14.95 at specific points along highways throughout the state. 321 $16.95 pages. $18.00

By Mail Shipping Costs Placing Your Order Item Total Shipping Cost Add up the total amount of your order plus shipping cost (see Up to $4 $2.00 By Phone table at right). Include a check payable to WNPA, or credit $4.01 - $15 $4.00 We encourage you to order by phone to get the publications card number and expiration date. Visa and Mastercard $15.01 - $25 $5.00 $25.01 - $50 $6.00

best suited to your needs. To place an order, please call 928 accepted. Send orders to: WNPA, 6400 N. Highway 89, $50.01 - $100 $6.50

526-1157, extension 226. Flagstaff, AZ 86004. Prices and availability subject to change. Over $100 Actual postage + $1.00 International shipments, add $1.00.

Ancient Times 11 National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

Flagstaff Area National Monuments 6400 N. Highway 89 Flagstaff, AZ 86004

Western National Parks Association 12880 N. Vistoso Village Dr. Tucson, AZ 85737

EXPERIENCE YOUR AMERICA

“CCC” The United States entry into World War II foreshadowed the end of the continued from page 1 Civilian Conservation Corps. earn a living. It also realized Congress terminated the program on Roosevelt’s desire to conserve the July 2, 1942. The CCC legacy, however, human and natural resources of the lives on in the nation’s landscape and nation. Roosevelt’s hopes to assist the in the hearts of its members and their unemployed are echoed in the words descendants. There are CCC alumni of Albert Spudy. “Why did I go? I chapters throughout the country (see loved the work, and I thought I could www.cccalumni.org). And efforts make something better out of myself continue to preserve the physical evi- by going to the three Cs,” he remarks. dence of the program. The Flagstaff Area National Monuments and 11 Nationwide, the CCC accomplished other parks in the southwest have wonders: enrollees built 63,256 build- been awarded a Save America’s ings, 3,116 lookout towers and 28,087 Treasures Grant to conserve CCC above: CWA work camp in Deadman’s Wash, Wupatki, circa 1933. miles of trails; erected 405,037 signs, items, including furniture, light fix- markers, and monuments; planted 45 tures, signs, photographs, and person- “Getting to Know SCA” million trees; and fought countless al items. continued from page 4 fires. They developed more than 800 state parks. Thousands learned trades This year marks the 70th anniversary looking for an opportunity to Does an SCA internship sound like that lasted a lifetime. In addition, the of the Civilian Conservation Corps. explore career options and figure work you might also love? If you have CCC provided long-lasting friendships The “CCC boys” were 18 to 23 years out what she wanted to study in an interest in the Student and a sense of loyalty and pride. It old—most are now in their 80s. Please college. Emmeline happened Conservation Association or working seems Roosevelt’s program was a join the National Park Service in hon- across an SCA position listing, and with the parks, talk to one of those success. oring their hard work and their endur- serendipitously came into a posi- friendly SCA interns, or visit the SCA ing accomplishments. tion she “loves”. for information at www.theSCA.org. by Carol Kruse, Interpretive Specialist

12 Ancient Times