La Poesia in Europa : Novalis, Dagli Inni Alla Notte, Primo Inno Alla Notte

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La Poesia in Europa : Novalis, Dagli Inni Alla Notte, Primo Inno Alla Notte Anno Scolastico 2019-2020 Programma classe 5 sezione I Prof.ssa Rosaria Maria Tozzi Testi in adozione: G. Baldi, S. Giusso, M. Razetti, G. Zaccaria, I classici nostri contemporanei voll.4,5.1,5.2 , Paravia ● L’ETA’ DEL ROMANTICISMO 1816 - 1860 Origine del termine Romanticismo Le principali radici storiche e culturali del Romanticismo Aspetti generali del Romanticismo europeo: il ruolo dell’intellettuale e dell’artista e la mercificazione dell’arte – il rifiuto della ragione e l’irrazionale – inquietudine e fuga dalla realtà presente. Autori e opere del Romanticismo europeo Peculiarità del Romanticismo italiano: Romanticismo italiano e Romanticismo europeo – Romanticismo italiano e Illuminismo - fisionomia e ruolo sociale degli intellettuali – pubblico e produzione letteraria. La concezione dell’arte e della letteratura nel romanticismo europeo : la poetica classicistica e la poetica romantica La poesia in Europa : Novalis, dagli Inni alla notte, Primo inno alla notte Il romanzo realista di ambiente contemporaneo: Honoré de Balzac: lettura integrale del romanzo Papa Goriot Il Romanticismo in Italia : la polemica coi classicisti – la poetica dei romantici italiani Madame de Stael: Sulla maniera e l’utilità delle traduzioni (passi antologizzati sul manuale) La poesia in Italia: i principali filoni della poesia romantica in Italia Il romanzo in Italia: l’affermazione del genere, la fioritura del romanzo storico, il romanzo sociale e psicologico . Alessandro Manzoni: la biografia – la concezione della storia e della letteratura nelle opere prima della conversione e dopo la conversione . Il problema del romanzo: l’ideale manzoniano di società; l’intreccio del romanzo e la formazione di Renzo e Lucia ; la concezione manzoniana della Provvidenza; il problema della lingua ; le principali differenze tra le diverse redazioni del romanzo. ñ Lettera sul Romanticismo: L’utile, il vero, l’interessante ñ Il cinque maggio ñ Coro dell’atto III dall’Adelchi ñ Fermo e Lucia, tomo II, cap. V La seduzione di Geltrude – confronto con il cap.X de I promessi sposi (passi antologizzati sul manuale) ñ I promessi sposi, cap. XIX - L’innominato: dalla storia al mito (passo antologizzato sul manuale) ñ I promessi sposi, cap. XXXVIII – La conclusione del romanzo (passi antologizzati sul manuale). Giacomo Leopardi : la biografia - i rapporti con il Romanticismo italiano e il Romanticismo europeo - l’evoluzione del pensiero e della poetica - le opere. I Canti: temi e stile ñ L’infinito ñ A Silvia ñ Canto notturno di un pastore errante dell’Asia ñ A se stesso ñ La ginestra : impianto strutturale e tematico della lirica – vv.1-86; vv.158 – 201; 237 - 317. Operette morali: ñ Dialogo della Natura e di un islandese L’ETA’ POSTUNITARIA 1861 – 1900 Il conflitto tra intellettuali e società – La posizione sociale degli intellettuali - Le nuove tendenze poetiche – Il trionfo del romanzo – La Scapigliatura ñ I. U.Tarchetti – Fosca, cap. XV, XXXII,XXXIII - L’attrazione della morte (passi antologizzati sul manuale). Il Naturalismo francese: I fondamenti teorici - I precursori – La poetica di Zola ñ Emile Zola – L’Assomoir, cap. II – L’alcool inonda Parigi. Il romanzo inglese e il romanzo russo (cenni). La diffusione del modello naturalista in Italia – la poetica di Verga e Capuana. ñ L. Capuana - da Recensione a I Malavoglia : Scienza e forma letteraria l’impersonalità Giovanni Verga: la biografia – la produzione preverista – la svolta verista: poetica e tecnica narrativa – il verismo di Verga e il naturalismo zoliano: tecnica narrativa e ideologia. I Malavoglia: le tecniche narrative – la costruzione bipolare – i caratteri dei romanzo. Mastro –don Gesualdo : l’intreccio – l’impianto narrativo – l’interiorizzarsi del conflitto valori- economicità - la critica alla “religione” della roba. ñ Vita dei campi: lettura integrale dell’opera ñ Novelle rusticane: La roba ñ I Malavoglia : Il mondo arcaico e l’irruzione della storia, passo antologizzato dal cap I L’addio di ‘Ntoni, passo antologizzato dal cap. XV ñ Mastro-don Gesualdo : La morte di Mastro-don Gesualdo, IV, cap.V (passi antologizzati sul manuale). IL DECADENTISMO L’origine del termine – la visione del mondo decadente – la poetica del Decadentismo – vitalismo e superomismo – gli eroi decadenti – la crisi del ruolo degli intellettuali – Decadentismo e Romanticismo Baudelaire tra Romanticismo e Decadentismo ñ Charles Baudelaire, Perdita d’aureola, Corrispondenze, L’albatro La poesia simbolista: la lezione di Baudelaire, i poeti simbolisti. Il romanzo decadente in Europa : ñ Joris-Karl Huysmans – La realtà sostitutiva da Controcorrente. ñ Oscar Wilde – Prefazione da Il ritratto di Dorian Gray La narrativa decadente in Italia Gabriele D’annunzio: la biografia – l’estetismo e la sua crisi – la fase della “bontà” - I romanzi del superuomo – il progetto delle Laudi . ñ Una fantasia” in bianco maggiore” da Il piacere, libro III, cap.III ñ Alcyone : La sera fiesolana ñ La sera fiesolana ñ La pioggia nel pineto Giovanni Pascoli : la biografia – la visione del mondo tra crisi della matrice positivistica e simbolismo – la poetica – le soluzioni formali del linguaggio poetico pascoliano: sintassi, lessico, metrica e figure retoriche. Da Myricae ñ Lavandare ñ L’assiuolo Da I canti di Castelvecchio ñ Il gelsomino notturno IL PRIMO NOVECENTO 1900 – 1918 La crisi del Positivismo: il pensiero di A. Einstein, S. Freud, F. Nietzsche e Bergson. Gli intellettuali protagonisti della vita nazionale. La stagione delle avanguardie: Il Futurismo. F.T.Marinetti : Manifesto del futurismo La lirica del primo Novecento in Italia : crepuscolari e vociani Italo Svevo La biografia e le tappe della formazione culturale – la lingua. La figura dell’inetto in Una vita e Senilità. La coscienza di Zeno: il nuovo impianto narrativo – il trattamento del tempo – l’inattendibilità di Zeno narratore il protagonista – il valore straniante della diversità – “salute” e “malattia”. ñ La Prefazione del dottor S ñ La morte del padre ñ La “guarigione” di Zeno; La profezia di un’apocalisse cosmica (passi antologizzati Dal cap.VIII) Luigi Pirandello La biografia La visione del mondo: il vitalismo. la critica dell’identità individuale, la “trappola” sociale, il rifiuto della socialità, il relativismo conoscitivo. La poetica dell’ umorismo” – la produzione novellistica – i romanzi – La rivoluzione teatrale di Pirandello ñ Il treno ha fischiato – La trappola da Novelle per un anno ñ Il fu Mattia Pascal - lettura integrale del romanzo ñ Nessun nome da Uno, nessuno e centomila * ñ Sei personaggi in cerca d’autore : la rappresentazione teatrale tradisce il personaggio* La guerra immaginata e la guerra vissuta: ● Clemente M. Rebora :Viatico; Voce di vedetta morta ● Giuseppe Ungaretti: Veglia ; Fratelli* ● Eugenio Montale: Valmorbia ● E.Lussu: Un anno sull’altopiano (lettura integrale) Giuseppe Ungaretti* La vita – il pensiero – la poetica – le opere Da L’Allegria: oltre alle liriche Veglia e Fratelli ● Sono una creatura ● San Martino del Carso Eugenio Montale* La vita – il pensiero – la poetica – le opere Da Ossi di seppia: oltre alla lirica Valmorbia ● Non chiederci la parola ● Spesso il male di vivere ho incontrato Da Le Occasioni: ● La casa dei doganieri Dante Alighieri Il Paradiso: Struttura del Paradiso dantesco - Caratteri tematici e stilistici della cantica : ● Canto I, III, VI (con riferimenti al canto VI dell’ Inferno e al canto VI del Purgatorio), XVII, XXXIII* Gli alunni hanno letto almeno tre tra i seguenti romanzi: H.de Balzac, Papà Goriot G.Verga, Vita dei campi I.Svevo, La coscienza di Zeno L.Pirandello, Il fu Mattia Pascal E.Lussu, Un anno sull’altopiano Alla data di redazione del presente programma gli argomenti contrassegnati con gli asterischi devono ancora essere trattati. Roma 22/05/2020 Gli alunni L ’insegnante Prof.ssa Rosaria Maria Tozzi MATERIA Anno Scolastico 2019-2020 Programma classe 5 sezione I Prof.ssa Rosaria Maria Tozzi Testi in adozione: M. Mortarino, M. Reali, G. Turazza, Nuovo genius loci, Loescher vol.3 L’ETA’ GIULIO-CLAUDIA Gli imperatori della dinastia giulio-claudia Il clima culturale dell’età e i principali generi letterari Lucio Anneo Seneca La biografia – Le opere I temi: una filosofia pratica tra stoicismo ed eclettismo – otium e negotium - il tempo e la morte – le passioni come malattie dell’anima. La lingua e lo stile . ñ De brevitate vitae 1 ñ Epistulae 1 ñ Epistulae 47, 1-4; 10-21 (in traduzione) La schiavitù antica tra comprensione umanitaria e legittimazione giuridica ñ De providentia 2, 1- 4. Petronio Il problema dell’identificazione dell’autore del Satyricon con Petronio Arbitro; i richiami presenti nell’opera alla vita politica, sociale e culturale dell’età di Nerone; l’impossibilità di una definizione sicura del genere letterario dell’opera La “Cena Trimalchionis”: i modelli, i temi, la lingua e lo stile. Satyricon : ñ Trimalchione giunge a tavola 31 – 33 (in traduzione) ñ La matrona di Efeso 111-112 (in traduzione). Intersezione tematica: Petronio, autore prediletto dall’esteta Des Esseintes Marco Anneo Lucano La biografia. I personaggi e i temi della Pharsalia; il rapporto con il modello virgiliano; la lingua e lo stile. ñ Pharsalia: ñ Il proemio 1,1-12 ñ Presentazione di Cesare e Pompeo 1,125 – 157 (in traduzione) . ñ La figura di Catone 2, 372-391 (in traduzione) Intersezione tematica : la figura di Catone in Seneca, De providentia 9-11(in traduzione). Aulo Persio Flacco La biografia. La struttura e i modelli delle Satire; la lingua e lo stile. Satire : ñ Il saggio e il crapulone 3,60 - 118 (in traduzione). L’ETA’ FLAVIA Gli imperatori della dinastia flavia; il clima culturale dell’età tra consenso e opposizione. Sviluppi del genere epico in età flavia . Plinio il Vecchio La biografia, le opere. La Naturalis historia: struttura dell’opera, il metodo, le finalità, la lingua e lo stile. Naturalis historia: ñ La natura matrigna 7, 1-5 (in traduzione) Quintiliano La biografia, le opere. Institutio oratoria: i temi, la lingua e lo stile. ñ L’oratore secondo l’ideale catoniano 12, 1, 1 – 3 Marziale La biografia, le opere. Gli Epigrammi: la scelta del genere, le tematiche, la lingua e lo stile: ñ Una boria ingiustificata 3,26.
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