Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4(Suppl 2): S575-S580 S575

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

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Document heading doi: 10.12980/APJTB.4.2014APJTB-2014-0199 2014 by the Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. All rights reserved. 襃 Laboratory based diagnosis of leishmaniasis in rodents as the reservoir hosts in southern Iran, 2012

1,2 1,2 3 4 4 Amin Masoumeh , Azizi Kourosh , Kalantari Mohsen *, Motazedian Mohammad Hossein , Asgari Qasem , 1,2 5 2 Moemenbellah-Fard Mohammad Djaefar , Najafi Mohammad Esmaeil , Dabaghmanesh Tahereh 1Research Centre for Health Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 3Department of Public Health, Mamasani Paramedical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 4Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 5Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article history: Objective: To examine the fauna of rodents as zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis reservoir hosts Received 21 Apr 2014 Methods:in Zarqan C ounty, Fars Province, south of Iran, during 2012. 2012 Received in revised form 22 May 2014 During , wild rodents from different parts of this region Leishmania were caught by Sherman Accepted 24 Jun 2014 traps and checked by the examination of liver and spleen smears, for infection, to see Available online 2 Jul 2014 which species were acting as reservoir hosts; the slides were then processed to extract DNA for PCR Results:molecular test using assay. Meriones 108 63 37 libycus From rodent species caught, % were male and % identified as female. (80 5 ) 5 7 was the Leishmania most abundant species caught . % and . % of Rattusthem were rattus found to be smear-Mus (14 8 ) musculuspositive for amastigotes. The other speciesLeishmania were . % and K (4 7%) Leishmaniaeywords: . , but none of them were found positive. infection wasLeishmania observed major in male and female samples microscopically. Moreover, molecular results revealed in G erbil threeConclusions: male and two female specimens. Meriones libycus PCR Leishmania Based major on our knowledge, is incriminated as the main reservoir Iran hosts of in the rural area of Zarqan.

1. Introduction Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a sand fly-borne skin Leishmania infection caused by the blood parasite [1]. It is

Leishmaniasis is a term allocated to a range of still a major public health issue in Iran, where most CL Leishmania infections caused by human pathogens like cases are zoonotic with rodents acting as reservoir hosts spp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). It is one of eight in many rural areas. Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis important neglected tropical diseases of World Health (ZCL) is essentially an infection of rodents with natural Leishmania major Organization. About two million people are annually foci. In Iran, the causative agent of ZCL, L. major exposed to this disease. ( ), is often transmitted to humans by the bites of Phlebotomus papatasi P. papatasi the female sand fly, ( ), *Corresponding author: Kalantari Mohsen, Mamasani Paramedical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran mostly from rodent hosts that act as reservoirs for the T +98 (0) 9177041090 el: [2] E-mail: [email protected] human infection . ZCL occurs in most rural areas of the Foundation Project: Supported by the Research Council of Shiraz University of arid and semi-arid regions but the northwest provinces Medical Sciences (No. 90-01-42-3034, 02/06/2012). P. papatasi of Iran. Definitely, is the main vector and Amin Masoumeh et al./Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4(Suppl 2): S575-S580 S576 various feral rodents, particularly but not exclusively reported in Kharameh, Fars Province, south of Iran[11]. A Leishmania those in the subfamily Gerbillinae (Rodentia: Muridae), are recent report on infection in Jahrom region of reservoir hosts. Rodents are the largest order of mammals Fars Province and closest focus to the studied area, found Marinobacter persicus T. indica with a population of more than any other mammal and are four and two infected Mus the reason of many health and economic losses. One of the and one infection in each of the two rodents of musculus M. musculus Rattus rattus R. rattus major health problems among these animals is their role ( ) and ( )[12]. Leishmania as reservoir hosts of zoonotic disease and one of the most Another report on infection in Larestan region important diseases is CL[3]. of Fars closest focused on the studied area and found T. indica So far, two species of parasites have been identified four cases of and two cases of infection in two Gerbillus as human pathogens. Among the four major forms of rodent samples of spp[13]. In addition, recently, Leishmania turanica Nesokia the diseases caused by different flagellated protozoan has been detected from Leishmania indica L. species of type, two forms of skin CL and in Kermanshah Province. Also for the first time, major Gerbillus nanus visceral leishmaniasis in Iran are endemic. There are two was separated from in Jask county Leishmania tropica L. tropica forms of CL caused by ( ) (dry in Hormozgan Province, south of Iran[14,15]. L. major or urban) and (wet or rural). In general, CL in A gerbil is a small mammal of the order Rodentia. “ ” recent decades has been expanding its geographic region Once known simply as desert rats , the gerbil subfamily and is endemic in 15 provinces of the country and there includes about 110 species of African, Indian, and Asian are sporadic cases in other regions as well. The annual rodents, including sand rats and jirds, all of which M. libycus registered number of cases in Iran is 20 000-30 000 and its are adapted to arid habitats. is a species of annual incidence is 28 per 100 000 individuals under risk[4]. rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Afghanistan, ZCL has high incidence in arid and semi-arid regions of Algeria, China, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, P. North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia, where Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, papatasi M. libycus is the main vector and various species of tailed Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. occupies desert rodents have been introduced as the main reservoirs. habitats, generally in areas with stabilized dunes (desert Rhombomys opimus R. opimus ( ) is the main reservoir in and semi-desert habitats). It is sometimes found in arable Psammomys obesus Central Asia and is the main reservoir land. It is a highly mobile species, frequently changing in North Africa. Despite all efforts by health authorities in burrows or even migrating should forage conditions controlling CL, unfortunately, the spread of the disease in deteriorate. different areas of country is evident in recent years. In the In recent years, in Zarqan County, the number of wet or ZCL form, tailed rodents in subfamily of Gerbillinae cases of ZCL has been increased. Considering that in the have been introduced as the main reservoirs in Iran and control of ZCL wild animals are involved, the control of the world[5]. In the central and north eastern foci of the this disease is complicated. So the only justified control R. opimus country and the south of Tehran, the species method is the identification of rodents and determination has been reported as proven and primary reservoir and of ZCL reservoirs around public settlements within a Meriones libycus M. libycus ( ) species has been reported as radius of 500 meters based on the flight range of vectors. the secondary reservoir of the disease. Recently, a group Considering that some 1 300 cases of ZCL were recorded R. opimus of researchers reported 37.5% infection in the in 2012 in Zarqan district, Fars Province, Iran, this species in Kalale, Golestan Province, Iran[6]. research was conducted. The present study was designed Tatera In West and South west regions of the country, to examine the fauna of rodents as ZCL reservoir hosts in indica T. indica Nesokia indica ( ) is the main reservoir and Zarqan county, Fars Province, south of Iran, during 2012. M. libycus and are introduced as the secondary reservoir Meriones of the disease[7]. In the southeast of the country, hurrianae 2. Materials and methods has been reported as proven and primary T. indica reservoir and is the secondary reservoir. In M. libycus 2.1. Study area rural areas of the cities Arsanjan and Neiriz, species plays the role of primary and proven reservoir of the disease[8,9]. The same species with 8.4% infection Fars Province placed in south of Iran covers an area of 2 has been reported in Marvdasht, Fars Province, south of about 122 400 km . Zarqan county is located 25 km to the T. indica L. major ° ′ Iran[10]. species infected with has been northeast of Shiraz, the capital city of Fars Province (29 46 Download English Version: https://daneshyari.com/en/article/2033248

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