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Rediscovery and Reclassification of the Dipteran Taxon Nothomicrodon
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Rediscovery and reclassification of the dipteran taxon Nothomicrodon Wheeler, an exclusive Received: 07 November 2016 Accepted: 28 February 2017 endoparasitoid of gyne ant larvae Published: 31 March 2017 Gabriela Pérez-Lachaud1, Benoit J. B. Jahyny2,3, Gunilla Ståhls4, Graham Rotheray5, Jacques H. C. Delabie6 & Jean-Paul Lachaud1,7 The myrmecophile larva of the dipteran taxon Nothomicrodon Wheeler is rediscovered, almost a century after its original description and unique report. The systematic position of this dipteran has remained enigmatic due to the absence of reared imagos to confirm indentity. We also failed to rear imagos, but we scrutinized entire nests of the Brazilian arboreal dolichoderine ant Azteca chartifex which, combined with morphological and molecular studies, enabled us to establish beyond doubt that Nothomicrodon belongs to the Phoridae (Insecta: Diptera), not the Syrphidae where it was first placed, and that the species we studied is an endoparasitoid of the larvae of A. chartifex, exclusively attacking sexual female (gyne) larvae. Northomicrodon parasitism can exert high fitness costs to a host colony. Our discovery adds one more case to the growing number of phorid taxa known to parasitize ant larvae and suggests that many others remain to be discovered. Our findings and literature review confirm that the Phoridae is the only taxon known that parasitizes both adults and the immature stages of different castes of ants, thus threatening ants on all fronts. Ants are hosts to at least 17 orders of myrmecophilous arthropods (organisms dependent on ants), ranging from general scavengers to highly selective predators and parasitoids that attack either ants, their brood or other myr- mecophiles1–3. -
Diptera, Phoridae) from Iran
Archive of SID J Insect Biodivers Syst 04(3): 147–155 ISSN: 2423-8112 JOURNAL OF INSECT BIODIVERSITY AND SYSTEMATICS Research Article http://jibs.modares.ac.ir http://zoobank.org/References/578CCEF1-37B7-45D3-9696-82B159F75BEB New records of the scuttle flies (Diptera, Phoridae) from Iran Roya Namaki Khameneh1, Samad Khaghaninia1*, R. Henry L. Disney2 1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. Iran. 2 Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K. ABSTRACT. The faunistic study of the family Phoridae carried out in northwestern of Iran during 2013–2017. Five species (Conicera tibialis Schmitz, Received: 1925, Dohrniphora cornuta (Bigot, 1857), Gymnophora arcuata (Meigen, 1830), 06 August, 2018 Metopina oligoneura (Mik, 1867) and Triphleba intermedia (Malloch, 1908)) are newly recorded from Iran. The genera Conicera Meigen, 1830, Dohrniphora Accepted: 14 November, 2018 Dahl, 1898, Gymnophora Macquart, 1835 and Triphleba Rondani, 1856 are reported for the first time from the country. Diagnostic characters of the Published: studied species along with their photographs are provided. 20 November, 2018 Subject Editor: Key words: Phoridae, Conicera, Dohrniphora, Gymnophora, Triphleba, Iran, New Farzaneh Kazerani records Citation: Namaki khameneh, R., Khaghaninia, S. & Disney, R.H.L. (2018) New records of the scuttle flies (Diptera, Phoridae) from Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 4 (3), 147–155. Introduction Phoridae with about 4,000 identified insect eggs, larvae, and pupae. The adults species in more than 260 genera, is usually feed on nectar, honeydew and the considered as one of the largest families of exudates of fresh carrion and dung, Diptera (Ament & Brown, 2016). -
Zootaxa, Diptera, Phoridae
Zootaxa 554: 1–7 (2004) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 554 Copyright © 2004 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Two new genera of Phoridae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Neotropical Region BRIAN V. BROWN & GIAR-ANN KUNG Entomology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA. Email: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Two new genera and species, Tapantia bicasa and Tayrona nitifrons, are described from Tapanti National Park, Costa Rica, and Tayrona National Park, Colombia, respectively. Tapantia bicasa is a basal lineage phorid of uncertain relationships, as it structurally resembles the genus Triphleba Rondani, but has male terminalia extremely similar to those of Dohrniphora Dahl. Tayrona niti- frons is highly unusual in many aspects, but especially in frontal setation, leg structure, wing struc- ture, and male terminalia. It is classified in the subfamily Metopininae, although its precise relationships are unknown. Key words: Diptera, Phoridae, new genus, Neotropical Introduction The phorid fauna of the Neotropical Region is still poorly known, but presumably the most diverse in the world. Recent revisionary papers by Brown (e.g. 1996, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2004) have documented huge numbers of undescribed Neotropical species, with many more expected in nearly all groups. Even less well-described is the diversity at the genus level. This is in part because of difficulties in resolving the subfamily level classification of the family (Brown 1992; Dis- ney 2003) and classifying the genera of subfamily Metopininae. Especially problematic are the Metopina-group of genera (sensu Brown 1992) and the large, probably paraphyl- etic genus Megaselia Rondani and its relatives. -
(Diptera: Phoridae) Associated with Leaf-Cutter Ants and Army Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Argentina by R
95 New Species and Records of Scuttle Flies (Diptera: Phoridae) Associated with Leaf-cutter Ants and Army Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Argentina by R. Henry L. Disney1, Luciana Elizalde2 & Patricia J. Folgarait2 ABSTRACT Lucianaphora folgaraitae Disney n. gen., n. sp., Macrocerides attophilus n. sp. are described, both being collected over leaf-cutter ants and Cremersia crassicostalis n. sp. from females collected over army ants. Some species col- lected with army ants are given code letters until they are linked up with their unknown sex. Host records for previously known species were all from colonies of army ants, whose myrmecophiles are better documented than those recorded from the colonies of leaf-cutter ants. Key Words: Phoridae, Argentina, Leaf-cutter ants, Army ants INTRODUCTION The numerous myrmecophile and parasitoidscuttle flies (Phoridae) associ- ated with army ants (Ecitoninae) have been reviewed by Disney & Kistner (2003), recently augmented by Disney & Rettenmeyer (2007) and Disney & Berghoff (2007). The far fewer records of those associated with leaf-cutter ants (Myrmicinae) were last reviewed by Disney (1994), but since then knowledge of the parasitoid species has increased for phorids of the genera Apocephalus, Neodohrniphora, and Myrmosicarius (Braganca et al. 1998, 2002; Brown 1997, 2001, Disney 1996, Disney et al. 2006, Feener & Brown 1993; Feener & Moss 1990, Tonhasca 1996, Tonhasca et al. 2001). During a study of the parasitoid genus Myrmosicarius Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae), whose preferred hosts are leaf-cutter ants (Disney et al. 2006), other mymecophilous and parasitoid species of scuttle fly were also observed and collected from colonies of the same ants. In addition, some phorids 1 Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, ENGLAND Email: [email protected] 2 Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, R.S. -
Diptera) Diversity in a Patch of Costa Rican Cloud Forest: Why Inventory Is a Vital Science
Zootaxa 4402 (1): 053–090 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2FAF702-664B-4E21-B4AE-404F85210A12 Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science ART BORKENT1, BRIAN V. BROWN2, PETER H. ADLER3, DALTON DE SOUZA AMORIM4, KEVIN BARBER5, DANIEL BICKEL6, STEPHANIE BOUCHER7, SCOTT E. BROOKS8, JOHN BURGER9, Z.L. BURINGTON10, RENATO S. CAPELLARI11, DANIEL N.R. COSTA12, JEFFREY M. CUMMING8, GREG CURLER13, CARL W. DICK14, J.H. EPLER15, ERIC FISHER16, STEPHEN D. GAIMARI17, JON GELHAUS18, DAVID A. GRIMALDI19, JOHN HASH20, MARTIN HAUSER17, HEIKKI HIPPA21, SERGIO IBÁÑEZ- BERNAL22, MATHIAS JASCHHOF23, ELENA P. KAMENEVA24, PETER H. KERR17, VALERY KORNEYEV24, CHESLAVO A. KORYTKOWSKI†, GIAR-ANN KUNG2, GUNNAR MIKALSEN KVIFTE25, OWEN LONSDALE26, STEPHEN A. MARSHALL27, WAYNE N. MATHIS28, VERNER MICHELSEN29, STEFAN NAGLIS30, ALLEN L. NORRBOM31, STEVEN PAIERO27, THOMAS PAPE32, ALESSANDRE PEREIRA- COLAVITE33, MARC POLLET34, SABRINA ROCHEFORT7, ALESSANDRA RUNG17, JUSTIN B. RUNYON35, JADE SAVAGE36, VERA C. SILVA37, BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR38, JEFFREY H. SKEVINGTON8, JOHN O. STIREMAN III10, JOHN SWANN39, PEKKA VILKAMAA40, TERRY WHEELER††, TERRY WHITWORTH41, MARIA WONG2, D. MONTY WOOD8, NORMAN WOODLEY42, TIFFANY YAU27, THOMAS J. ZAVORTINK43 & MANUEL A. ZUMBADO44 †—deceased. Formerly with the Universidad de Panama ††—deceased. Formerly at McGill University, Canada 1. Research Associate, Royal British Columbia Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, 691-8th Ave. SE, Salmon Arm, BC, V1E 2C2, Canada. Email: [email protected] 2. -
Chapter 13. Assessing Host Specificity and Field Release Potential of Fire Ant Decapitating Flies (Phoridae: Pseudacteon)
ASSESSING HOST RANGES OF PARASITOIDS AND PREDATORS _________________________________ CHAPTER 13. ASSESSING HOST SPECIFICITY AND FIELD RELEASE POTENTIAL OF FIRE ANT DECAPITATING FLIES (PHORIDAE: PSEUDACTEON) S. D. Porter1 and L. E. Gilbert2 1USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, Florida 32604 USA [email protected] 2Brackenridge Field Laboratory and Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712 USA BACKGROUND OF SYSTEM Fire ant populations in their South American homeland are about 1/5 to 1/10 as dense as popu- lations in North America (Porter et al., 1992; Porter et al., 1997a). This intercontinental differ- ence in fire ant densities was not explained by differences in climate, habitat, soil type, land use, plant cover, or sampling protocols (Porter et al., 1997a). Escape from numerous natural en- emies left behind in South America is the most apparent explanation for the intercontinental population differences. Natural enemies left behind in South America include two species of microsporidian pathogens, three species of nematodes, about 20 species of phorid decapitating flies, a eucharitid wasp, a parasitic ant, and numerous other microbes and arthropods of uncer- tain relationship to fire ants (Porter et al., 1997a). Escape from coevolved ant communities may also have been important. Ants in Brazil and Argentina, however, do not appear to be any more abundant than those in the United States, at least as indicated by their ability to find and occupy baits (Porter et al., 1997a). Classical or self-sustaining biological control agents are currently the only potential means for achieving permanent regional control of fire ants. -
Bee Viruses: Routes of Infection in Hymenoptera
fmicb-11-00943 May 27, 2020 Time: 14:39 # 1 REVIEW published: 28 May 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00943 Bee Viruses: Routes of Infection in Hymenoptera Orlando Yañez1,2*, Niels Piot3, Anne Dalmon4, Joachim R. de Miranda5, Panuwan Chantawannakul6,7, Delphine Panziera8,9, Esmaeil Amiri10,11, Guy Smagghe3, Declan Schroeder12,13 and Nor Chejanovsky14* 1 Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 2 Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland, 3 Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 4 INRAE, Unité de Recherche Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France, 5 Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, 6 Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 7 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 8 General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany, 9 Halle-Jena-Leipzig, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany, 10 Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States, 11 Department Edited by: of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States, 12 Department of Veterinary Akio Adachi, Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States, -
A Molecular Diagnostic Survey of Pathogens and Parasites of Honey Bees, Apis Mellifera L., from Arkansas and Oklahoma
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 12-2017 A Molecular Diagnostic Survey of Pathogens and Parasites of Honey Bees, Apis mellifera L., From Arkansas and Oklahoma Dylan Cleary University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Entomology Commons, and the Parasitology Commons Recommended Citation Cleary, Dylan, "A Molecular Diagnostic Survey of Pathogens and Parasites of Honey Bees, Apis mellifera L., From Arkansas and Oklahoma" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 2554. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2554 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. A Molecular Diagnostic Survey of Pathogens and Parasites of Honey Bees, Apis mellifera L., From Arkansas and Oklahoma A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology by Dylan Alexandra Cleary Oklahoma State University Bachelor of Science in Natural Resources, Ecology and Management, 2013 December 2017 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council _____________________________ Allen L. Szalanski, Ph.D Thesis Director _____________________________ _____________________________ Donald Steinkraus, Ph.D Jackie Lee, Ph.D Co-Advisor Committee Member Abstract The health and viability of colonies of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, in the United States have fluctuated dramatically over the past decade. This poses a substantial threat to agricultural production in this country. Currently, no single factor has been identified for this decline. -
INSECTS of MICRONESIA Diptera: Phoridae
INSECTS OF MICRONESIA Diptera: Phoridae By ERWIN M. BEYER BONN, STIFTSGASSE 8, WEST GERMANY INTRODUCTION G. E. Bohart was the first to report on phorids of Micronesia. In his study on the Phoridae of Guam [1947, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. 96 (3205): 397-416, figs. 33-48] he dealt with five genera and 11 species; one genus (Para fannia Bohart) and nine species were described as new. C. N. Colyer [1957, Hawaiian Ent. Soc., Proc. 16 (2) : 232] synonymized Parafannia Bohart with Gymnoptera Lioy. In our recent study on the Phoridae of Hawaii (Insects of Hawaii 11, 1964) D. E. Hardy and I recognize M egaselia stuntzi Bohart as a synonym of M. setaria (Malloch). In this present study, Pulici phora nigriventris Bohart is shown to be a synonym of P. pulex Dahl. Bohart's descriptions of his new species are inadequate and not always based upon the most reliable characters; the illustrations are sometimes inac curate. I am unable, therefore, to include Chonocephalus species in this study. In the Micronesian material before me, three members of this genus are rep resented; none of these can, however, be identified as any of Bohart's species. M egaselia setifemur Bohart, which also needs redescription, is not repre sented in this material. At present, seven genera, two subgenera, and 24 named species of Phori dae, including the two species of ChonocephalusJ are known to occur in Micro nesia. Ten species are new to science, one tribe (Beckerinini) and five species are recorded for the first time in Micronesia. When considering the Micronesian phorid genera, it is evident that only genera of worldwide distribution are represented. -
Distribución Y Abundancia De La Hormiga Colorada Solenopsis Invicta En Argentina: Sus Interacciones Con Hormigas Competidoras Y Moscas Parasitoides (Pseudacteon SPP.)
Tesis Doctoral Distribución y abundancia de la hormiga colorada Solenopsis invicta en Argentina: sus interacciones con hormigas competidoras y moscas parasitoides (Pseudacteon SPP.) Calcaterra, Luis Alberto 2010 Este documento forma parte de la colección de tesis doctorales y de maestría de la Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. Su utilización debe ser acompañada por la cita bibliográfica con reconocimiento de la fuente. This document is part of the doctoral theses collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, available in digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the corresponding citation acknowledging the source. Cita tipo APA: Calcaterra, Luis Alberto. (2010). Distribución y abundancia de la hormiga colorada Solenopsis invicta en Argentina: sus interacciones con hormigas competidoras y moscas parasitoides (Pseudacteon SPP.). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cita tipo Chicago: Calcaterra, Luis Alberto. "Distribución y abundancia de la hormiga colorada Solenopsis invicta en Argentina: sus interacciones con hormigas competidoras y moscas parasitoides (Pseudacteon SPP.)". Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 2010. Dirección: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Contacto: [email protected] Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293 UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución DISTRIBUCIÓN Y ABUNDANCIA DE LA HORMIGA COLORADA SOLENOPSIS INVICTA EN ARGENTINA: SUS INTERACCIONES CON HORMIGAS COMPETIDORAS Y MOSCAS PARASITOIDES (PSEUDACTEON SPP.) Tesis presentada para optar al título de Doctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en el área de Ciencias Biológicas Luis Alberto Calcaterra Director de tesis: Juan A. -
94: Frank & Mccoy Intro. 1 INTRODUCTION to INSECT
Behavioral Ecology Symposium ’94: Frank & McCoy Intro. 1 INTRODUCTION TO INSECT BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY : THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE BEAUTIFUL: NON-INDIGENOUS SPECIES IN FLORIDA INVASIVE ADVENTIVE INSECTS AND OTHER ORGANISMS IN FLORIDA. J. H. FRANK1 AND E. D. MCCOY2 1Entomology & Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 2Biology Department and Center for Urban Ecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5150 ABSTRACT An excessive proportion of adventive (= “non-indigenous”) species in a community has been called “biological pollution.” Proportions of adventive species of fishes, am- phibia, reptiles, birds and mammals in southern Florida range from 16% to more than 42%. In Florida as a whole, the proportion of adventive plants is about 26%, but of in- sects is only about 8%. Almost all of the vertebrates were introduced as captive pets, but escaped or were released into the wild, and established breeding populations; few arrived as immigrants (= “of their own volition”). Almost all of the plants also were in- troduced, a few arrived as immigrants (as contaminants of shipments of seeds or other cargoes). In contrast, only 42 insect species (0.3%) were introduced (all for bio- logical control of pests, including weeds). The remainder (about 946 species, or 7.6%) arrived as undocumented immigrants, some of them as fly-ins, but many as contami- nants of cargoes. Most of the major insect pests of agriculture, horticulture, human- made structures, and the environment, arrived as hitchhikers (contaminants of, and stowaways in, cargoes, especially cargoes of plants). No adventive insect species caus- ing problems in Florida was introduced (deliberately) as far as is known. -
Parasite Interactions in Urban Gardens
Environmental Entomology, XX(X), 2017, 1–9 doi: 10.1093/ee/nvx155 Research Pollinator Ecology and Management Vegetation Management and Host Density Influence Bee– Parasite Interactions in Urban Gardens Hamutahl Cohen,1,2,3 Robyn D. Quistberg,1 and Stacy M. Philpott1 1Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, 2Environmental Studies Department, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, and 3Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman Received 17 April 2017; Editorial decision 28 August 2017 Abstract Apocephalus borealis phorid flies, a parasitoid of bumble bees and yellow jacket wasps in North America, was recently reported as a novel parasitoid of the honey bee Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Little is known about the ecology of this interaction, including phorid fecundity on bee hosts, whether phorid-bee parasitism is density dependent, and which local habitat and landscape features may correlate with changes in parasitism rates for either bumble or honey bees. We examined the impact of local and landscape drivers and host abundance on phorid parasitism of A. mellifera and the bumble bee Bombus vosnesenskii Radoszkowski (Hymenoptera: Apidae). We worked in 19 urban gardens along the North-Central Coast of California, where phorid parasitism of honey bees was first reported in 2012. We collected and incubated bees for phorid emergence, and surveyed local vegetation, ground cover, and floral characteristics as well as land cover types surrounding gardens. We found that phorid parasitism was higher on bumble bees than on honey bees, and phorids produced nearly twice as many pupae on individual bumble bee hosts than on honey bee hosts.