DOCSLIB.ORG

INSECTS of MICRONESIA Diptera: Phoridae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
INSECTS of MICRONESIA Diptera: Phoridae INSECTS OF MICRONESIA Diptera: Phoridae By ERWIN M. BEYER BONN, STIFTSGASSE 8, WEST GERMANY INTRODUCTION G. E. Bohart was the first to report on phorids of Micronesia. In his study on the Phoridae of Guam [1947, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. 96 (3205): 397-416, figs. 33-48] he dealt with five genera and 11 species; one genus (Para­ fannia Bohart) and nine species were described as new. C. N. Colyer [1957, Hawaiian Ent. Soc., Proc. 16 (2) : 232] synonymized Parafannia Bohart with Gymnoptera Lioy. In our recent study on the Phoridae of Hawaii (Insects of Hawaii 11, 1964) D. E. Hardy and I recognize M egaselia stuntzi Bohart as a synonym of M. setaria (Malloch). In this present study, Pulici­ phora nigriventris Bohart is shown to be a synonym of P. pulex Dahl. Bohart's descriptions of his new species are inadequate and not always based upon the most reliable characters; the illustrations are sometimes inac­ curate. I am unable, therefore, to include Chonocephalus species in this study. In the Micronesian material before me, three members of this genus are rep­ resented; none of these can, however, be identified as any of Bohart's species. M egaselia setifemur Bohart, which also needs redescription, is not repre­ sented in this material. At present, seven genera, two subgenera, and 24 named species of Phori­ dae, including the two species of ChonocephalusJ are known to occur in Micro­ nesia. Ten species are new to science, one tribe (Beckerinini) and five species are recorded for the first time in Micronesia. When considering the Micronesian phorid genera, it is evident that only genera of worldwide distribution are represented. On the other hand, the absence of some other genera widely distributed in Oriental and Pacific regions (for example, Conicem Meigen, Stichillus Enderlein of the Phorinae, Phalacrotophora Enderlein of the Metopininae) is fairly striking. No definite decision can be made as to the endemic character of the Micro­ nesian species. Two of the species, Diplonevra cornuta and M egaselia scalarisJ are cosmopolitan. Diplonevra peregrina is known in nearly all of eastern Asia, and in Pacific and Australian regions. M egaselia setaria, Puliciphora 33° Insects of Micronesia-VOl. 13, No.7, 1967 Distribution of Micronesian Phoridae MICRONESIAN ISLAND GROUPS Caroline os os ..."os os ~ 0 "C" .~" :;; os "'" .. ~ os os ::l :'::0"= "0; ::l I- Other " ~ ~ os o~ ..!< "os " ~ 7ii "E" ::l '" I- 0 "0" ~ :r< I- 0 ~ os os :9" Localities >Q .. (J " ~ ~ :> :i ui ll< >< Eo< ll< I:<i t5 1. Diplonevra cornuta X XXX X XX Almost worldwide 2. D. peregrina X Japan, Taiwan, Canton, Sumatra, Java, Hawaii 3. Gymnoptera XX X molluscovora 4. Megaselia setaria X X X X Hawaii 5. M.chrysophora* X 6. M. parabasiseta XX 7. M. seiuncta* X X 8. M. micronesiae* XX 9. M. boninensis* X 10. M. setifemur X 11. M. tenebricior* X 12. M. scalaris X XX X Almost worldwide, preferring trop- ical and sub- tropical regions 13. M. curtissima* XX 14. M. tetricifrons* X 15. M.suis X X X 16. M. heterochaeta* X X 17. M. palpella* X 18. M. gressitti* X 19. Metopina ventralis X Bismarck Archi- pelago, Hawaii 20. Puliciphora pulex X X Bismarck Archi- pelago, Sumatra 21. P.lucifera XX X Bismarck Archi- pelago, Fiji, Samoa, Hawaii 22. P. pallicauda X Java 23. P. wymani X X Hawaii 24. Chonocephalus X hirsutus 25. C. subglaber X • Described as new. Beyer-Phoridae 33 1 wymani, P. lucifera and M etopina ventralis are found in Hawaii, the latter two species being originally described from the Bismarck Archipelago. Pulici­ phora pulex is known from the Bismarcks and Sumatra, P. pallicauda from Java. The United States Office of Naval Research, the Pacific Science Board (National Research Council), the National Science Foundation, and Bernice P. Bishop Museum have made this survey and publication of the results pos­ sible. Field research was aided by a contract between the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, and the National Academy of Sciences, NR 160-175. This study is based upon material collected by P. A. Adams, G. E. Bohart, C. F. Clagg, J. F. G. Clarke, H. S. Dybas, J. L. Gressitt, N. L. H. Krauss, C. W. Sabrosky, F. M. Snyder, O. H. Swezey, and L. D. Tuthill. I am indebted to D. Elmo Hardy, Honolulu, for sending me paratypes of Mega­ selia suis Bohart, and to R. L. Coe, British Museum (Natural History), London, for lending me a paratype of M egaselia basiseta Malloch. The following symbols are used to designate institutions in which speci­ mens are deposited: Bishop Museum (BISHOP), Chicago Natural History Museum (CM), and United States National Museum (US). SYSTEMATICS KEy TO MICRONESIAN SUBFAMILIES, GENERA, AND SUBGENERA 1. Mid tibia with at least two bristles near base; supra-antennal bristles reclinate (Phorinae) 2 None of the tibiae clothed with bristles (Metopininae) 4 2(1). Radial sector forked (Diplonevra) 3 Radial sector unbranched Gymnoptera 3(2). Mesopleura hairy; hind tibia with only palisadelike row of hairs dorsally ........................................................................................................ subgenus Dohrniphora Mesopleura bare; hind tibia with two dorsal rows _ subgenus Diplonevra 4(1). Apterous (females only) 5 Winged 6 5(4). Head strongly produced; supra-antennal bristles absenL Chonocephalus Head not flattened or projected; supra-antennals present.. Puliciphora 6(4). Supra-antennal bristles reclinate Beckerina Supra-antennals proc1inate or absent.. 7 7(6). Radial sector branched (genus M egaselia) 8 Radial sector simple, unforked 9 8(7). Mesopleura hairy subgenus Aphiochaeta Mesopleura bare _ subgenus Megaselia 9(7). Veins M. and M. straight or slightly bent, not strongly curved together........IO Vein M, bent downward and M. bent upward so cell M. is hourglass-shaped; anterolateral bristles lacking Metopina 10(9). Vein R. incomplete, obsolete near wing margin; base of M. lacking; supra- antennals absent (males) Chonocephalus Veins R, and M. present and complete; four supra-antennal bristles present........11 332 Insects of Microne~VoI. 13, No.7, 1967 11 (10). Hind tibia with a dorsal hair seam and with posterodorsal cilia ... .................................................. m subgenus Megaselia, in part Hind tibia without dorsal hair seam or posterodorsal cilia (males) ......Puliciphora SUBFAMILY PHORINAE Genus Diplonevra Lioy Diplonevra Lioy, 1864, Istit. Veneto Sci., Atti III, 10: 77 (type species; Phora florea Fabricius, Europe). Subgenus Dohrniphora Dahl Dohrniphora Dahl, 1898, Sitz. Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr. 10: 188 (type species: Dohrniphora dohrni Dahl, Melanesia).-Schrnitz, 1949, In Lindner, Flieg. Palaearkt. Reg., Phoridae 33: 205. 1. Diplonevra (Dohrniphora) comuta (Bigot). Phora cornuta Bigot, 1857, In de la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. et Nat., Cuba, 827.-Schrnitz, 1951, In Lindner, Flieg. Palaearkt. Reg., Phoridae 33: 241 (type, Cuba, in Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris). Phora navigans Frauenfeld, 1867, Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, Verhandl. 17: 454. Phora cleghorni Bigot, 1890, Indian Mus., Notes 1 (4) : 191. Phora venusta Coquillett, 1895, Canadian Ent. 27: 107. Phora divaricata Aldrich, 1896, Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 3 : 437. Phora chlorogastra Becker, 1901, Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, Abhandl. 1: 32. ? Phora divaricata Aldrich var. perplexa Brues, 1903, Am. Ent. Soc., Trans. 29 : 350. Dohrniphora divaricata Aldrich var. basalis Santos, 1911, Ci. Art. Barce- lona, Mem. 3 (17) : 11. Dohrniphora divaricata Aldrich var. obscura Santos, ibid. Phora mordax Brues, 1911, Mus. Nat. Hungarici, Ann. 9: 531. Dohrniphora bequaerti Schmitz, 1914, Nat. Hist. Gen. Limburg, Jaarb., 105. Apocephalus flaviventris Silva, 1916, Mus. Nac. Chile, Bol. 9: 15. DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan. BONIN IS. CHICHI JrMA: Five males, female, Miyanohama, "Jack Wm.'s Beach," Apr. 1958; two males, female, Okumura, "Yankee Town," Apr. 1958; male, Omura, "Camp Beach," Apr. 1958; all by Snyder. S. MARIANA IS. SAIPAN: Two females, As Mahetog area, Mar. 1945, on Pandanus, Dybas. GUAM: Female, Nimitz Hill, May 1956, light trap, Clagg. PALAU. BABELTHUAP: Female, six males, Airai, Ngerimal R., May B eyer-Phoridae 333 1957, Sabrosky; five males, Ngaremlengui, June 1957, Sabrosky; male, Ngar­ malk (N. W. Auluptagel), 25 m., Dec. 1952, Gressitt. KOROR: Male, Apr. 1954, Beardsley; four males, Apr. 1957, Sabrosky; male, July 1956, Mc­ Daniels; four males, at light, May, June 1953, Beardsley. YAP. YAP: Female, Gagil Distr., July-Aug. 1950, Goss; three males, hill behind Yaptown, Berlese funnel and light trap, Nov. 1952, Gressitt; male, Kolonia, June 1957, Sabrosky; three males, hill behind Yaptown, 50 m., Ber­ lese funnel and light trap, Nov. 1952, Gressitt; Kolonia, June 1957, Sabrosky; female, Giliman, June 1957, Sabrosky. GAGII,: Female, July-Aug. 1950, Goss. MAP: Female, Chol, June 1957, Sabrosky. TRUK. TON (Tol): Male, Mt. Unibot, 200 m., Dec. 1952, light trap, Gressitt. KUSAIE. Male, Weye Cave, 1 m., Mar. 1953, light trap, Clarke. MARSHALL IS. ENIWETOK: Three males, Jobtan (Japton) 1., Aug. 1956, at light, Tuthill. LAE: Lae 1., Oct. 1953, Beardsley. GILBERT IS. TARAWA: Male, Bairiki 1., Nov. 1957, Krauss. D. cornuta, which was recorded from Guam by Bohart (1947) is not easily separated from its congeners, but in Micronesia it is the only species of the subgenus Dohrniphora Dahl. Subgenus Diplonevra Lioy Diplonevra Lioy, 1864, Istit. Veneto Sci., Atti III, 10: 77 (type species: Phora florea Fabricius, Europe).-Schmitz, 1949, In Lindner, Flieg. Pa­ laearkt. Reg., Phoridae 33: 205. Phorynchus Brunetti, 1912, Indian Mus., Rec. 7: 445. Pentagynoplax Enderlein, 1924, Ent. Mitteil. 13: 237. 2. Diplonevra (Diplonevra) peregrina (Wiedemann). Trineura peregrina Wiedemann, 1830, Aussereur. Zweifl. Ins. 2: 600 (type, China, Canton; location unknown). Phora sinensis Schiner, 1868, Reise Novara, Diptera, 223. Phora conventa Brues, 1911, Mus. Nat. Hungarici, Ann. 9: 537. Dohrniphora setitibia Malloch, 1925, Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Proc. 1 (4) : 333. DISTRIBUTION: Widespread throughout east Asia, southwest Pacific, and New South Wales; Japan, Taiwan, China (Canton), Sumatra, Java, Hawaii, Bonin Is. BONIN IS. CHICHI JIMA: Female, Omura, "Camp Beach," Apr. 1958, Snyder. D.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rediscovery and Reclassification of the Dipteran Taxon Nothomicrodon
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Rediscovery and reclassification of the dipteran taxon Nothomicrodon Wheeler, an exclusive Received: 07 November 2016 Accepted: 28 February 2017 endoparasitoid of gyne ant larvae Published: 31 March 2017 Gabriela Pérez-Lachaud1, Benoit J. B. Jahyny2,3, Gunilla Ståhls4, Graham Rotheray5, Jacques H. C. Delabie6 & Jean-Paul Lachaud1,7 The myrmecophile larva of the dipteran taxon Nothomicrodon Wheeler is rediscovered, almost a century after its original description and unique report. The systematic position of this dipteran has remained enigmatic due to the absence of reared imagos to confirm indentity. We also failed to rear imagos, but we scrutinized entire nests of the Brazilian arboreal dolichoderine ant Azteca chartifex which, combined with morphological and molecular studies, enabled us to establish beyond doubt that Nothomicrodon belongs to the Phoridae (Insecta: Diptera), not the Syrphidae where it was first placed, and that the species we studied is an endoparasitoid of the larvae of A. chartifex, exclusively attacking sexual female (gyne) larvae. Northomicrodon parasitism can exert high fitness costs to a host colony. Our discovery adds one more case to the growing number of phorid taxa known to parasitize ant larvae and suggests that many others remain to be discovered. Our findings and literature review confirm that the Phoridae is the only taxon known that parasitizes both adults and the immature stages of different castes of ants, thus threatening ants on all fronts. Ants are hosts to at least 17 orders of myrmecophilous arthropods (organisms dependent on ants), ranging from general scavengers to highly selective predators and parasitoids that attack either ants, their brood or other myr- mecophiles1–3.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera, Phoridae) from Iran
    Archive of SID J Insect Biodivers Syst 04(3): 147–155 ISSN: 2423-8112 JOURNAL OF INSECT BIODIVERSITY AND SYSTEMATICS Research Article http://jibs.modares.ac.ir http://zoobank.org/References/578CCEF1-37B7-45D3-9696-82B159F75BEB New records of the scuttle flies (Diptera, Phoridae) from Iran Roya Namaki Khameneh1, Samad Khaghaninia1*, R. Henry L. Disney2 1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, I.R. Iran. 2 Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K. ABSTRACT. The faunistic study of the family Phoridae carried out in northwestern of Iran during 2013–2017. Five species (Conicera tibialis Schmitz, Received: 1925, Dohrniphora cornuta (Bigot, 1857), Gymnophora arcuata (Meigen, 1830), 06 August, 2018 Metopina oligoneura (Mik, 1867) and Triphleba intermedia (Malloch, 1908)) are newly recorded from Iran. The genera Conicera Meigen, 1830, Dohrniphora Accepted: 14 November, 2018 Dahl, 1898, Gymnophora Macquart, 1835 and Triphleba Rondani, 1856 are reported for the first time from the country. Diagnostic characters of the Published: studied species along with their photographs are provided. 20 November, 2018 Subject Editor: Key words: Phoridae, Conicera, Dohrniphora, Gymnophora, Triphleba, Iran, New Farzaneh Kazerani records Citation: Namaki khameneh, R., Khaghaninia, S. & Disney, R.H.L. (2018) New records of the scuttle flies (Diptera, Phoridae) from Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 4 (3), 147–155. Introduction Phoridae with about 4,000 identified insect eggs, larvae, and pupae. The adults species in more than 260 genera, is usually feed on nectar, honeydew and the considered as one of the largest families of exudates of fresh carrion and dung, Diptera (Ament & Brown, 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Phora (Diptera, Phoridae) from Nepal, Taiwan and Neighbouring Countries
    Bull. Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist. Hum. Hist., Ser. A,4:9-38, March 31, 2006 The genus Phora (Diptera, Phoridae) from Nepal, Taiwan and Neighbouring Countries Tadao Gotoh Tohoku Research Center, Forestry andForest Products Research Institute, 92-25Shimokuriyagawa, Nabeyashiki, Morioka, 020-0123Japan (Received October 25, 2004; accepted August 30, 2005) ABSTRACT—A taxonomic study on the genus Phora from Nepal, Taiwan and neighbouring countries is reported. The following 15 species are described as new to science: Phora fulvipennis, P. nepalensis, P. acuminata, P. glebiata, R paricauda, P. salpana and P tenuifprceps from Nepal; P. fensestrata, P. shirozui, P. subconvaUium, P. taiwanaand P. tattakana from Taiwan; P. acerosa from Nepal and Taiwan; P. digitiformis from Nepal and Myanmar; and Phora orientis from Korea and China. The Chinese R capillosa Schmitz is redescribed and illustrated for male genitalia. A key to the males of the species in the present study is provided. INTRODUCTION based on the examination of a paratype as a voucher for identification of the species. A key to the males of the The genus Phora Latreille is a large taxonomic group species discussed in the present study is also provided. in the subfamily Phorinae, comprised of 57 living species The male genitalia are described using the same methods in the world. Most of them inhabit temperate to sub- and the same terminology as in Goto (1984). alpine zones mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. The The type specimens of new species, unless otherwise Palaearctic and Nearctic fauna of Phora have been stated, are deposited in the Entomological Collection of extensively studied by phorid taxonomists (Schmitz, 1953, the Kyushu University Museum in Fukuoka.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera, Phoridae)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys A512: new 89–108 species (2015) group in Megaselia, the lucifrons group, with description of a new species... 89 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.512.9494 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new species group in Megaselia, the lucifrons group, with description of a new species (Diptera, Phoridae) Sibylle Häggqvist1,2, Sven Olof Ulefors3, Fredrik Ronquist4 1 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden 2 Stockholm University, Department of Zoology, Svante Arrhenius väg 18A, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden 3 Färgerivägen 9, 38044 Alsterbro, Sweden 4 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Bioinfor- matics and Genetics, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden Corresponding author: Sibylle Häggqvist ([email protected]) Academic editor: Martin Hauser | Received 2 March 2015 | Accepted 24 June 2015 | Published 6 July 2015 http://zoobank.org/7F66197C-6E1E-4E0E-BD9D-7DED9922D9FF Citation: Häggqvist S, Ulefors SO, Ronquist F (2015) A new species group in Megaselia, the lucifrons group, with description of a new species (Diptera, Phoridae). ZooKeys 512: 89–108. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.512.9494 Abstract With 1,400 described species, Megaselia is one of the most species-rich genera in the animal kingdom, and at the same time one of the least studied. An important obstacle to taxonomic progress is the lack of knowledge concerning the phylogenetic structure within the genus. Classification of Megaselia at the level of subgenus is incomplete although Schmitz addressed several groups of species in a series of monographs published from 1956 to 1981.
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa, Diptera, Phoridae
    Zootaxa 554: 1–7 (2004) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 554 Copyright © 2004 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Two new genera of Phoridae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Neotropical Region BRIAN V. BROWN & GIAR-ANN KUNG Entomology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA. Email: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Two new genera and species, Tapantia bicasa and Tayrona nitifrons, are described from Tapanti National Park, Costa Rica, and Tayrona National Park, Colombia, respectively. Tapantia bicasa is a basal lineage phorid of uncertain relationships, as it structurally resembles the genus Triphleba Rondani, but has male terminalia extremely similar to those of Dohrniphora Dahl. Tayrona niti- frons is highly unusual in many aspects, but especially in frontal setation, leg structure, wing struc- ture, and male terminalia. It is classified in the subfamily Metopininae, although its precise relationships are unknown. Key words: Diptera, Phoridae, new genus, Neotropical Introduction The phorid fauna of the Neotropical Region is still poorly known, but presumably the most diverse in the world. Recent revisionary papers by Brown (e.g. 1996, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2004) have documented huge numbers of undescribed Neotropical species, with many more expected in nearly all groups. Even less well-described is the diversity at the genus level. This is in part because of difficulties in resolving the subfamily level classification of the family (Brown 1992; Dis- ney 2003) and classifying the genera of subfamily Metopininae. Especially problematic are the Metopina-group of genera (sensu Brown 1992) and the large, probably paraphyl- etic genus Megaselia Rondani and its relatives.
    [Show full text]
  • (Diptera: Phoridae) Associated with Leaf-Cutter Ants and Army Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Argentina by R
    95 New Species and Records of Scuttle Flies (Diptera: Phoridae) Associated with Leaf-cutter Ants and Army Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Argentina by R. Henry L. Disney1, Luciana Elizalde2 & Patricia J. Folgarait2 ABSTRACT Lucianaphora folgaraitae Disney n. gen., n. sp., Macrocerides attophilus n. sp. are described, both being collected over leaf-cutter ants and Cremersia crassicostalis n. sp. from females collected over army ants. Some species col- lected with army ants are given code letters until they are linked up with their unknown sex. Host records for previously known species were all from colonies of army ants, whose myrmecophiles are better documented than those recorded from the colonies of leaf-cutter ants. Key Words: Phoridae, Argentina, Leaf-cutter ants, Army ants INTRODUCTION The numerous myrmecophile and parasitoidscuttle flies (Phoridae) associ- ated with army ants (Ecitoninae) have been reviewed by Disney & Kistner (2003), recently augmented by Disney & Rettenmeyer (2007) and Disney & Berghoff (2007). The far fewer records of those associated with leaf-cutter ants (Myrmicinae) were last reviewed by Disney (1994), but since then knowledge of the parasitoid species has increased for phorids of the genera Apocephalus, Neodohrniphora, and Myrmosicarius (Braganca et al. 1998, 2002; Brown 1997, 2001, Disney 1996, Disney et al. 2006, Feener & Brown 1993; Feener & Moss 1990, Tonhasca 1996, Tonhasca et al. 2001). During a study of the parasitoid genus Myrmosicarius Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae), whose preferred hosts are leaf-cutter ants (Disney et al. 2006), other mymecophilous and parasitoid species of scuttle fly were also observed and collected from colonies of the same ants. In addition, some phorids 1 Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, ENGLAND Email: [email protected] 2 Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, R.S.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 a Checklist of Arthropods Associated with Rat Carrion in a Montane Locality
    1 A checklist of arthropods associated with rat carrion in a montane locality of northern Venezuela. Yelitza Velásquez Laboratorio de Biología de Organismos, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas. Apartado Postal 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela Tel.: +58-212-504.1052; fax: +58-212-504.1088; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract This is the first report of arthropods associated with carrion in Venezuela, using laboratory bred rats (Rattus norvegicus). Rat carcasses were exposed to colonization by arthropods in neighboring montane savanna and cloud forest habitats in the state of Miranda. The taxonomic composition of the arthropods varied between both ecosystems. Scarabaeidae, Silphidae, Micropezidae, Phoridae, Vespidae and one species of ant, were collected only in the cloud forest. Dermestes maculatus, Chrysomya albiceps, Termitidae and most species of ants, were found only in the savanna. Fourteen species were considered to be of primary forensic importance: Dermestes maculatus, Oxelytrum discicolle, Calliphora sp., Cochliomyia macellaria, Compsomyiops sp., Chrysomya albiceps, Phaenicia cuprina, P. sericata, P. eximia, Fannia sp., Puliciphora sp., Megaselia scalaris, Ravina sp. and Sarcophaga sp. Key words: Coleoptera, Diptera, Forensic entomology, Venezuela. Introduction There is relatively little information available regarding insects associated with animal carrion and human corpses in South America [1]. In Brazil, Moura et al. [2] made a preliminary analysis of the insects of medico-legal importance in Curitiba, in the state of 2 Paraná; Carvalho et al. [3] identified arthropods associated with pig carrion and human corpses in Campinas, in the state of São Paulo. Recently, forensic entomology was applied to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) in homicide investigations by the Rio de Janeiro Police Department, Brasil [4].
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera) Diversity in a Patch of Costa Rican Cloud Forest: Why Inventory Is a Vital Science
    Zootaxa 4402 (1): 053–090 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2FAF702-664B-4E21-B4AE-404F85210A12 Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science ART BORKENT1, BRIAN V. BROWN2, PETER H. ADLER3, DALTON DE SOUZA AMORIM4, KEVIN BARBER5, DANIEL BICKEL6, STEPHANIE BOUCHER7, SCOTT E. BROOKS8, JOHN BURGER9, Z.L. BURINGTON10, RENATO S. CAPELLARI11, DANIEL N.R. COSTA12, JEFFREY M. CUMMING8, GREG CURLER13, CARL W. DICK14, J.H. EPLER15, ERIC FISHER16, STEPHEN D. GAIMARI17, JON GELHAUS18, DAVID A. GRIMALDI19, JOHN HASH20, MARTIN HAUSER17, HEIKKI HIPPA21, SERGIO IBÁÑEZ- BERNAL22, MATHIAS JASCHHOF23, ELENA P. KAMENEVA24, PETER H. KERR17, VALERY KORNEYEV24, CHESLAVO A. KORYTKOWSKI†, GIAR-ANN KUNG2, GUNNAR MIKALSEN KVIFTE25, OWEN LONSDALE26, STEPHEN A. MARSHALL27, WAYNE N. MATHIS28, VERNER MICHELSEN29, STEFAN NAGLIS30, ALLEN L. NORRBOM31, STEVEN PAIERO27, THOMAS PAPE32, ALESSANDRE PEREIRA- COLAVITE33, MARC POLLET34, SABRINA ROCHEFORT7, ALESSANDRA RUNG17, JUSTIN B. RUNYON35, JADE SAVAGE36, VERA C. SILVA37, BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR38, JEFFREY H. SKEVINGTON8, JOHN O. STIREMAN III10, JOHN SWANN39, PEKKA VILKAMAA40, TERRY WHEELER††, TERRY WHITWORTH41, MARIA WONG2, D. MONTY WOOD8, NORMAN WOODLEY42, TIFFANY YAU27, THOMAS J. ZAVORTINK43 & MANUEL A. ZUMBADO44 †—deceased. Formerly with the Universidad de Panama ††—deceased. Formerly at McGill University, Canada 1. Research Associate, Royal British Columbia Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, 691-8th Ave. SE, Salmon Arm, BC, V1E 2C2, Canada. Email: [email protected] 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 13. Assessing Host Specificity and Field Release Potential of Fire Ant Decapitating Flies (Phoridae: Pseudacteon)
    ASSESSING HOST RANGES OF PARASITOIDS AND PREDATORS _________________________________ CHAPTER 13. ASSESSING HOST SPECIFICITY AND FIELD RELEASE POTENTIAL OF FIRE ANT DECAPITATING FLIES (PHORIDAE: PSEUDACTEON) S. D. Porter1 and L. E. Gilbert2 1USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, Florida 32604 USA [email protected] 2Brackenridge Field Laboratory and Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712 USA BACKGROUND OF SYSTEM Fire ant populations in their South American homeland are about 1/5 to 1/10 as dense as popu- lations in North America (Porter et al., 1992; Porter et al., 1997a). This intercontinental differ- ence in fire ant densities was not explained by differences in climate, habitat, soil type, land use, plant cover, or sampling protocols (Porter et al., 1997a). Escape from numerous natural en- emies left behind in South America is the most apparent explanation for the intercontinental population differences. Natural enemies left behind in South America include two species of microsporidian pathogens, three species of nematodes, about 20 species of phorid decapitating flies, a eucharitid wasp, a parasitic ant, and numerous other microbes and arthropods of uncer- tain relationship to fire ants (Porter et al., 1997a). Escape from coevolved ant communities may also have been important. Ants in Brazil and Argentina, however, do not appear to be any more abundant than those in the United States, at least as indicated by their ability to find and occupy baits (Porter et al., 1997a). Classical or self-sustaining biological control agents are currently the only potential means for achieving permanent regional control of fire ants.
    [Show full text]
  • Bee Viruses: Routes of Infection in Hymenoptera
    fmicb-11-00943 May 27, 2020 Time: 14:39 # 1 REVIEW published: 28 May 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00943 Bee Viruses: Routes of Infection in Hymenoptera Orlando Yañez1,2*, Niels Piot3, Anne Dalmon4, Joachim R. de Miranda5, Panuwan Chantawannakul6,7, Delphine Panziera8,9, Esmaeil Amiri10,11, Guy Smagghe3, Declan Schroeder12,13 and Nor Chejanovsky14* 1 Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 2 Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland, 3 Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 4 INRAE, Unité de Recherche Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France, 5 Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, 6 Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 7 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 8 General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany, 9 Halle-Jena-Leipzig, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany, 10 Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States, 11 Department Edited by: of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States, 12 Department of Veterinary Akio Adachi, Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States,
    [Show full text]
  • Development of a Forensically Important Fly, Megaselia Scalaris
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia 10 (2) 2012: 49-52 Komunikasi Pendek/Short Communication Development of a Forensically Important Fly, Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae) on Cow’s Liver and Various Agar-based Diets (Perkembangan Lalat Berkepentingan Forensik, Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae) Pada Hati Lembu dan Pelbagai Diet Berasaskan Agar) RAJA MUHAMMAD ZUHA, SUPRIYANI MUSTAMIN, BALKHIS BASHURI, NAZNI WASI AHMAD & BAHARUDIN OMAR ABSTRACT In forensic entomology practice, it is more common to use raw animal tissue to breed dipteran larvae and it often brings unpleasant odour in the laboratory. Few studies suggested the use of synthetic diets, mainly agar-based media, as alternatives to animal tissue but it is rarely being practiced in forensic entomology laboratory. The present study observed the growth of a forensically important fly, Megaselia scalaris (Loew) on raw cow’s liver, nutrient agar, casein agar and cow’s liver agar. A total of 100 M. scalaris eggs were transferred each into the different media and placed in an incubator at 30°C in a continuous dark condition. Data on length and developmental period were collected by randomly sampling three of the largest larvae from each rearing media, twice a day at 0900 and 1500 hours until pupariation. M. scalaris larvae reared on raw cow’s liver recorded the highest mean length (4.23 ± 1.96 mm) followed by cow’s liver agar (3.79 ± 1.62 mm), casein agar (3.14 ± 1.16 mm) and nutrient agar (3.09 ± 1.11 mm). Larval length in raw liver and liver agar were significantly different from those in nutrient and casein agar (p < 0.05).
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]