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Organization and Development of Stock Enhancement in Japan Sugaya, Takuma Date Published: 2006 Organization and development of stock enhancement in Japan Sugaya, Takuma Date published: 2006 To cite this document : Sugaya, T. (2006). Organization and development of stock enhancement in Japan. In J. H. Primavera, E. T. Quinitio, & M. R. R. Eguia (Eds.), Proceedings of the Regional Technical Consultation on Stock Enhancement for Threatened Species of International Concern, Iloilo City, Philippines, 13-15 July 2005 (pp. 91-101). Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. To link to this document : http://hdl.handle.net/10862/2937 Share on : PLEASE SCROLL DOWN TO SEE THE FULL TEXT This content was downloaded from SEAFDEC/AQD Institutional Repository (SAIR) - the official digital repository of scholarly and research information of the department Downloaded by: [Anonymous] On: January 30, 2019 at 10:50 PM CST Follow us on: Facebook | Twitter | Google Plus | Instagram Library & Data Banking Services Section | Training & Information Division Aquaculture Department | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) Tigbauan, Iloilo 5021 Philippines | Tel: (63-33) 330 7088, (63-33) 330 7000 loc 1340 | Fax: (63-33) 330 7088 Website: www.seafdec.org.ph | Email: [email protected] Copyright © 2011-2015 SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department. Organization and Development of Stock Enhancement in Japan Takuma Sugaya National Stock Enhancement Center, Fisheries Research Agency Oita, Japan Introduction 80 species. Stock enhancement is undertaken by both the national government and local In the 1960s, the Japanese economy was governments together with conservation of starting to industrialize. The rapid increase fishing ground and regulation of fish catches in business investment in new factories and for resource management (Resource Asso- equipment stimulated a yearly economic ciation 1983a, Imamura 1999, Fishery Agency growth rate of approximately 12% (METI 2000, JASFA 2003a). This article reports the 1970). However, these developments have present status of stock enhancement in Japan from disrupted coastal landscapes through land the organizational and technical viewpoints. reclamation and industrial effluents (Fishery on January 30, 2019 at 10:50 PM CST Agency 1980a). Furthermore, overfishing Organizations has accelerated with increased consumer spending and demand for fish protein. Conse- At present, there are 16 national and 177 quently, coastal fish resources such as red local hatcheries operated by national and local sea bream (Pagrus major), kuruma prawn governments in Japan. The national hatcheries (Marsupenaeus japonicus) and swimming crab aim to develop stock enhancement tech- (Portunus trituberculatus) have been depleted niques, and mainly target migratory species and income of coastal fisherfolk has decreased which are chosen based on their resource http://repository.seafdec.org.ph (Fishery Agency 1980b). Under such condi- levels and local government requests (Fushimi tions, the Japanese government initiated 2001, JASFA 2003a). Local hatcheries carry out the Stock Enhancement Program in 1963 the stock enhancement programs for local (Fishery Agency 1980c, Imamura 1999). species using techniques developed by the national hatcheries (Imamura 1999). In some The program initially targetted red sea cases, national hatcheries and neighboring bream and kuruma prawn in the Seto Inland local hatcheries cooperate to evaluate the Sea in southern Japan which covers almost effectiveness of stock enhancement (Fishery 3,000 islands (Imamura 1999). Because the Agency 2002). Similarly, stock enhancement Downloaded by [Anonymous] from fundamental concept of stock enhancement of sedentary species has also been promoted programs was to compensate juvenile loss by the local hatcheries in response to requests caused by high larval mortality in the ocean, from regional fisherfolk (Agatsuma 2005, development of mass juvenile production Toba 2005, Maru and Kosaka 2005, Sasaki techniques was emphasized (Fishery Agency 1980a, Matsuoka 1989). Therefore, the release 2005). Consequently, such stock enhancement of juveniles became a typical form of stock programs have covered 36 fish species, 15 enhancement in Japan. crustacean species, and 20 mollusk species with annual releases of 80 million fish, 300 million The current number of target species for crustaceans, and 14 billion mollusks (Tables stock enhancement has increased to almost 1 and 2). 92 Stock Enhancement in Japan Table 1. Fish and crustaceans targeted in the stock enhancement programs of Japan. Family Scientific name Common name Fish Branchiostegidae Branchiostegus japonicus Japanese tilefish Carangidae Pseudocaranx dentex Striped jack Seriola quinqueradiata Yellowtail Clupeidae Clupea pallasii Pacific herring Gadidae Gadus macrocephalus Pacific cod Haemulidae Parapristipoma trilineatum Chicken grunt Lethrinidae Lethrinus nebulosus Spangled emperor Paralichthyidae Paralichthys olivaceus Japanese flounder Lateolabrax japonicus Japanese seaperch Platycephalidae Platycephalus indicus Bartail flathead Pleuronectidae Pleuronectes herzensteini Littlemouth flounder Pleuronectes schrenki Cresthead flounder Pleuronectes yokohamae Marbled flounder Tanakius kitaharae Willowy flounder on January 30, 2019 at 10:50 PM CST Verasper moseri Barfin flounder Verasper variegatus Spotted halibut Sciaenidae Nibea japonica Japanese meagre Scombridae Scomberomorus niphonius Japanese Spanish mackerel Thunnus orientalis Pacific bluefin tuna Scorpaenidae Sebastes inermis Black rockfish Sebastes oblongus Oblong rockfish http://repository.seafdec.org.ph Sebastes pachycephalus Spotbelly rockfish Sebastes schlegeli Korean rockfish Sebastes thompsoni Goldeye rockfish Sebastes vulpes Fox jacopever Sebastiscus marmoratus Japanese stingfish Serranidae Epinephelus akaara Hong Kong grouper Epinephelus bruneus Longtooth grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus Convict grouper Downloaded by [Anonymous] from Plectropomus leopardus Leopard coral grouper Sparidae Acanthopagrus australis Surf bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli Black porgy Pagrus major Red seabream Synanceiidae Inimicus japonicus Devil stinger Tetraodontidae Takifugu rubripes Ocellate puffer Trichodontidae Arctoscopus japonicus Sailfin sandfish Crustaceans Penaeidae Penaeus japonicus Kuruma prawn Penaeus semisulcatus Green tiger prawn Penaeus chinensis Fleshy prawn Metapenaeus ensis Greasyback shrimp Stock Enhancement in Japan 93 Table 1 (continued from p. 92) Family Scientific name Common name Pandalidae Pandalus kessleri Hokkai shrimp Pandalus hypsinotus Humpback shrimp Palinuridae Panulirus japonicus Japanese spiny lobster Lithodidae Paralithodes brevipes Spiny king crab Majidae Chionoecetes opilio Snow crab Cheiragonidae Erimacrus isenbeckii Hair crab Portunidae Scylla paramamosain Mud crab Scylla serrata Mangrove crab Portunus trituberculatus Swimming crab Portunus pelagicus Flower crab Grapsidae Eriocheir japonicus Mitten crab From Fishery Agency et al (1993-2003) on January 30, 2019 at 10:50 PM CST Fish and crustaceans prawn (Morikawa et al 2003). In addition, the swimming crab (P. trituberculatus) and Among 36 fish species, the major ones greasyback prawn (M. ensis) have been are the Japanese flounder (P. olivaceus) released by national and local hatcheries in and red sea bream (P. major) with annual the Seto Inland Sea and the Sea of Ariake releases of about 25 and 20 million seed- (Fishery Agency et al 1993-2003). lings, respectively (Fig. 1). Stock enhance- http://repository.seafdec.org.ph ment programs for these two species are Mollusks and other species mainly promoted by local hatcheries and have attained commercial success in limited Only local hatcheries promote the areas (Imai 1996, Fujita et al 1993). Besides, stock enhancement of mollusks. Among the stock enhancement effectiveness of 20 mollusk species, the numbers of indivi- those species has been jointly evaluated by duals released annually are huge for scallop the local hatcheries with the financial aid of (Patinopecten yessoensis) and Japanese little- the Japanese government (Imai 1996, Fishery neck clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) - 3 and Agency 2002). Recently, such joint evalua- 10 billion, respectively (Fig. 3). The scallops Downloaded by [Anonymous] from tion has been applied to the Pacific herring are released only in the coast of Hokkaido (C. pallasii), ocellate puffer (T. rubripes), and and in Mutsu Bay by local hatcheries, and Japanese Spanish mackerel (S. niphonius) the littlenecks mainly in Tokyo and Ise Bays (Fishery Agency 2002). by fisherfolk unions (Resource Association 1983b, 1983c, Maru and Kosaka 2005, Toba Among 15 crustacean species, the greatest 2005). These stock enhancement programs focus is on the kuruma prawn (M. japonicus). have been successful in each stocking region Over 200 million individuals are released (Maru and Kosaka 2005, Toba 2005). The annually mainly in southern Japan (Fig. littlenecks are sometimes released for recrea- 2). In particular, local institutions around tional shellfish gathering of visitors (Toba the Sea of Ariake have undertaken initia- 2005). Besides, six of the 20 mollusk species tives for the stock enhancement of the are abalones which have high market value 94 Stock Enhancement in Japan Table 2. Shellfi sh, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and cephalopod targeted in the stock enhancement programs of Japan. Family Scientific name Common name Shellfish Haliotidae Haliotis aquatilis Japanese abalone Haliotis diversicolor Variously colored abalone Haliotis discus discus Disk abalone Haliotis discus
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