Albert Jacka
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Significant People People Significant inAUSTRALIA’S HISTORY Contents in Significant People Significant People in Australia’s History profiles the people who brought HISTORY AUSTRALIA’S History makers 4 about important events or changes to Australian society through their in New nation 5 knowledge, actions or achievements. Explore the fascinating story of Australia, AUSTRALIA’S HISTORY A snapshot of history 6 Edmund Barton, Prime Minister 8 from its ancient Indigenous past to the present day, through the biographies of Miles Franklin, Writer 10 these significant people. Octavius Beale, Entrepreneur 11 Helena Rubinstein, Entrepreneur 12 Vol H. V. Mackay, Inventor 13 ume 5 William Farrer, Scientist 14 Each volume focuses on a particular Special features include: Vida Goldstein, Activist 16 Volume 5 Volume period in Australia’s history and includes: ‘life facts’ mini timeline Alfred Deakin, Prime Minister 18 background information about the of each person’s life Life Facts Chris Watson, Prime Minister 20 1580 Born in Holland 1901–1919 Judge 21 featured time period and achievements 1615 Becomes commander Henry Higgins, a timeline of main events of the Eendrach 1901 Edmund Banfield, Writer 22 1616 Lands on the western ‘more about …’ Morecoast about of Australia ... Dorothea Mackellar, Poet 23 illustrated biographies of a wide range – information boxes Dirk Hartog1618 Island Returns to the 1919 Andrew Fisher, Prime Minister 24 Netherlands on the of significant people Hartog had landed in an area that was about related Eendrach King O’Malley, Politician 25 home to the Malkana people, near New Nation a glossary of terms * modern-day Shark Bay in Western Australia. Nellie Melba, Singer 26 events and places New Nation The place where Hartog left the metal a comprehensive index. plate is now called Cape Inscription and Walter Burley Griffin, Architect 28 ‘see also’ the island is called Dirk Hartog Island. Fanny Durack, Sportsperson 29 Annette Kellerman, Film star 30 cross-references to John ‘Simpson’ Kirkpatrick, Soldier 31 The nine volumes in the series are: relevant information in other entries. Albert Jacka, Soldier 32 Lawrence Bragg, Scientist 33 Keith Murdoch, Journalist 34 Les Darcy, Sportsperson 35 Billy Hughes, Prime Minister 36 Daniel Mannix, Religious leader 38 Harry Chauvel, Military leader 39 John Monash, Military leader 40 Harry Thorpe, Soldier 42 Rees Barrett Rees Henry Handel Richardson, Writer 43 Norman Lindsay, Artist 44 May Gibbs, Artist 45 John Shaw Neilson, Poet 46 Glossary 47 Index 48 Glossary words When a word is written in bold, click on Rees Barrett it to find its meaning. History makers New nation Significant People in Australia’s History is about those men and women who have Volume 5: New Nation 1901–1919 consists of the biographies of those new contributed remarkably to Australia’s identity and heritage. They are significant Australians whose work in politics, business, science and war built the foundations because they were pioneers in their field or because their knowledge, actions or of the nation, as well as those who tried to capture what it is to be Australian. These achievements brought about important events or changes in Australian society. significant people include prime ministers,activists , entrepreneurs, military They represent the wide range of people who have contributed to the story leaders and soldiers, writers, artists and sportspeople. of Australia. This series describes the history A young nation grows up of Australia, from Indigenous Before 1901, the six colonies of Australia beginnings to modern-day acted separately, all governed by Britain. Australia, through the life On 1 January 1901, they formed a stories of these significant Federation, called the Commonwealth people. Each volume consists of Australia. The first 19 years in the new of biographies of people from nation’s history included much debate a particular period in Australia’s and hardship. At the end of this period, in history or descriptions of 1919, new Australians celebrated the end Indigenous Australian of their involvement in World War I. cultural groups. They mourned the people who were killed but were proud of Australia’s contribution. People celebrate the start of the Commonwealth of Australia at Centennial Park, Sydney, on 1 January 1901. 4 5 A snapshot of history 1901–1919 In 1901, the people of Australia were free to When World War I began, Australians were Anzac troops made elect Federal and State Parliaments to make deeply divided over the issue of conscription temporary shelters their own laws. These laws reflected the needs and sending their soldiers into a war on the in Gallipoli, Turkey, in 1915. and wishes of these new Australians, such as other side of the world. When the war ended, laws to protect local industry and to guarantee Australian society was changed forever by the fair wages for all. The new Australians started sacrifice of theAnzacs at Gallipoli and on the to build a fairer society – but only in some Western Front. ways. Women were given the vote in Federal elections, but the Federal Government also set up Protection Boards to control the travel, employment, property and children of Indigenous Australians. 1901–1919 1901 The six colonies of Australia are joined 1906 Australia takes over the administration of 1912 King O’Malley leads the building of the 1917 Archbishop of Melbourne, Daniel Mannix, in Federation and the Commonwealth British New Guinea, now part of Papua capital in Canberra. Walter Burley Griffin campaigns against conscription and a of Australia is declared. Edmund Barton New Guinea designs the city. Fanny Durack becomes second referendum fails. Harry Chauvel is appointed the first Prime Minister. The the first Australian woman to win an leads the Light Horse Brigade to victory 1907 Henry Higgins makes the Harvester Immigration Restriction Act, based on Olympic gold medal. in the Middle East. John Monash leads Judgement and establishes the basic a policy of ‘white Australia’, is passed. Australian soldiers such as Harry Thorpe on wage for Australian workers. 1914 Annette Kellerman stars in the Hollywood Women are given the right to vote in the Western Front, the zone of fighting in film Neptune’s Daughter. World War I federal elections. Miles Franklin publishes 1908 Edmund Banfield’s writings and Dorothea Western Europe. Trans-Australian Railway begins. her successful novel My Brilliant Career. Mackellar’s poems describe the beauty is completed between Kalgoorlie, in of Australia. Andrew Fisher becomes 1915 Australian and New Zealand troops Western Australia, and Port Augusta, in 1902 Entrepreneurs Octavius Beale and Helena Prime Minister. (Anzacs), including John ‘Simpson’ South Australia. Rubinstein build their businesses. Kirkpatrick and Albert Jacka, land at 1909 The opera singer Nellie Melba tours Ethel Richardson publishes Australia 1903 The High Court of Australia is established Gallipoli. Journalist Keith Murdoch writes a outback Australia. Felix under the name Henry Handel to interpret Australia’s new constitution. letter to Prime Minister Hughes, criticising Richardson. William Farrer releases a variety of 1911 The Northern Territory is separated the ‘pointless slaughter’ of Australian wheat called Federation. Suffragette from South Australia and comes under diggers at Gallipoli. Scientist Lawrence 1918 World War I ends. Norman Lindsay and Vida Goldstein stands for election to the control of the Commonwealth Bragg wins the Nobel Prize for Physics for May Gibbs write and illustrate their own the Senate. Alfred Deakin becomes the Government. The Federal Capital his work with X-rays. children’s books. second Prime Minister. Territory, later called the Australian 1916 Billy Hughes holds a referendum, called a 1919 Poet John Shaw Neilson publishes Heart Capital Territory, is created. 1904 H. V. McKay, inventor of the Sunshine plebiscite, to introduce conscription, but of Spring. Australia joins the League of Harvester, becomes Australia’s largest it fails. Boxer Les Darcy leaves Australia Nations, and Prime Minister Hughes signs manufacturing exporter. Chris Watson to avoid conscription. Australian troops the Treaty of Versailles in France. becomes the first Labor Prime Minister. arrive in France. 6 7 Edmund Barton Prime Minister Edmund Barton was a lawyer and John Forrest (Western Australia), Minister for High Court Judge Defence In 1903, Barton resigned as Prime Minister to politician who became Australia’s William Lyne (New South Wales), Minister become one of the judges of the new High first Prime Minister. for Home Affairs Court of Australia. The High Court settles any After leaving school, Charles Kingston (South Australia), Minister disputes about the Constitution. Life facts Barton trained to for Trade and Customs 18 January 1849 Born in be a lawyer. He James Drake (Queensland), Postmaster- More about ... Sydney was elected to the General The public service 1871 Becomes a lawyer New South Wales Richard O’Connor (New South Wales), Vice 1879 Elected to New South Parliament in 1879. Barton started the Australian Public Service. The Wales Parliament President of the Executive Council public service is made up of government workers, 1891 Helps Samuel Griffith The idea of Phillip Fysh (Tasmania), Honourary called public servants, who are responsible for draft Constitution carrying out the policies and laws made by the federating the Minister. Government. The public service is broken up into 1897 Leads Federal separate colonies departments, such as the Department of