LP3LP Landscape Policy for the Three Countries Park Targeted Analysis 2013/2/21 Annexes to the (Draft) Final Report | 14/10/2013 ESPON 2013 1 1. This report presents the draft final results of a Targeted Analysis conducted within the framework of the ESPON 2013 Programme, partly financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The partnership behind the ESPON Programme consists of the EU Commission and the Member States of the EU27, plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Each partner is represented in the ESPON Monitoring Committee. This report does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the members of the Monitoring Committee. Information on the ESPON Programme and projects can be found on www.espon.eu The web site provides the possibility to download and examine the most recent documents produced by finalised and ongoing ESPON projects. This basic report exists only in an electronic version. © ESPON & the LP3LP TPG, 2013. Printing, reproduction or quotation is authorised provided the source is acknowledged and a copy is forwarded to the ESPON Coordination Unit in Luxembourg. ESPON 2013 2 List of authors Prof. Dr. Frank Lohrberg Timo Matti Wirth Anja Brüll RWTH Aachen University (Lead Partner) Chair of landscape architecture Jakobstraße 2 52056 Aachen Germany Marc Nielsen Alain Coppens Prof. Marie-Françoise Godart Université libre de Bruxelles (Project Partner) 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt CP 130/02 B-1050 Brussels Belgium Annet Kempenaar Dr. Marlies Brinkhuijsen Wageningen Universiteit (Project Partner) Droevendaalsesteeg 36708 PB Wageningen Netherlands ESPON 2013 3 Table of contents I. Defining the European identity of 3LP .................................................. 8 I.1. Questions to be addressed .............................................................. 8 I.2. European identity of the 3LP: defining the concept ......................... 8 I.3. Identity of 3LP in regard to its polycentric metropolitan situation as well as territorial capital and potentials within a European context ....................................................................... 13 I.4. European cross border regions having an identity comparable with the identity of 3LP in a European context ............................... 58 I.5. Bibliography ................................................................................... 83 II. Landscape perspective for the 3 Countries Park ............................... 86 II.1. Description of the core qualities in the 3 Countries Park landscape types ............................................................................. 86 II.2. Objectives in previous landscape studies on parts of the 3LP landscape ...................................................................................... 89 II.3. Guiding principles contributing to landscape services ................... 95 II.4. Maps of the 3LP Landscape Perspective ...................................... 96 II.5. Example locations ....................................................................... 103 II.6. Examples of local application of the guiding principles - student designs for the Geul/Gulp area ..................................... 109 II.7. Comparing the Guiding Principles with Existing Cases ............... 124 III. Policy analysis ..................................................................................... 133 III.1. Landscape demands ................................................................... 133 III.2. European thematic objectives and investment priorities for regional and rural development ................................................... 137 III.3. 3LP Landscape value chain ........................................................ 140 III.4. Regional policy initiatives ............................................................ 141 IV. Recommendations at regional cross-border level ........................... 145 IV.1. The 3LP as a future European cross-border partnership for high quality and innovative landscapes - linkages with regional and EU policy objectives and initiatives ....................................... 145 IV.2. Green infrastructure strategy – linkages with regional and EU policy objectives and initiatives .............................................. 147 IV.3. Cultural heritage and access strategy - linkages with regional and EU policy objectives and initiatives ....................................... 149 IV.4. Complementary biomass strategy – linkages with regional and EU policy objectives and initiatives ....................................... 151 IV.5. Quality production strategy – linkages with regional and EU policy objectives and initiatives .................................................... 153 IV.6. Inputs from the 2nd LP3LP expert meeting (“Potential 3 Countries Park policy initiatives”) ................................................................. 155 V. Recommendations at European level ................................................ 160 V.1. Inputs from the 3rd LP3LP expert meeting (“Cross-border regional landscapes and EU policy”) ........................................... 160 ESPON 2013 4 List of Figures Figure 1 Elements contributing to landscape identity ................ 12 Figure 2 the Geomorphological structure of the 3LP landscape .. 13 Figure 3 Schematic cross-section of the plateau landscape and the ridge landscape ........................................... 14 Figure 4 Diagrams representing the four categories ................. 32 Figure 5 Types of cross border polycentric metropolitan areas ... 60 Figure 6 Definition of each type of transborder FUA ................. 61 Figure 7 Perimeter of the Eurodistrict Saar Moselle. ................. 72 Figure 8 Masterplan public transport up to 2020 ...................... 74 Figure 9 Pictures of the 3LP core qualities ............................... 87 Figure 10 Principles of the Green-blue framework ................. 100 Figure 11 Principles of the urban-open space framework ....... 102 Figure 12 Example locations in the landscape structure. ........ 103 Figure 13 Example locations in the Cultural Identities map. .... 104 Figure 14 Topographical map Thimister Clermont ................. 105 Figure 15 Example Thimister-Clermont ................................ 106 Figure 16 Topographical map Wurm location ........................ 107 Figure 17 Example Wurm ................................................... 108 Figure 18 Visualisation of the water channels and willow planting around the car parks – one of several water storage solutions for the site. ...................... 109 Figure 19 Visualisation of the water channels connecting the park with Wijlre and local heritage sites. ............... 109 Figure 20 Masterplan for Wijlre sports park .......................... 111 Figure 21 Three key points raised by the analysis. ................ 112 Figure 22 The foresting of steep slopes, springs, and watercourses. .................................................... 113 Figure 23 The view from a valley showing the existing situation and the proposed situation ..................... 113 Figure 24 Proposed new woodland between Vaal, Wolfhaag and Raren.......................................................... 115 Figure 25 A mirroring pond in front of the country house “An der Esch” .......................................... 116 Figure 26 Design approaches used ...................................... 116 Figure 27 Southerly entrance to Stokhem ............................ 118 Figure 28 Eastern entrance to Stokhem ............................... 118 Figure 29 Plans, with visualisations below, of the main design foci ................................................. 120 Figure 30 Visualisations and cross-sections of the children’s centre ................................................. 122 Figure 31 Testing placement principles for buildings in hilly 3LP terrain ......................................................... 122 Figure 32 Visualisations of the new walking routes, and cross-section of the interactive stream-crossing. .... 123 ESPON 2013 5 Figure 33 Map view of the new walking routes and their planned views, cross-section of the old and proposed walking routes alongside roads. .............. 123 Figure 34 Plan of the Richtericher Dell development ................ 125 Figure 35 Existing Situation – Herkenrader Grub, Provincie Limburg ............................................................ 127 Figure 36 Proposed Situation – Herkenrader Grub, Provincie Limburg ............................................................ 127 Figure 37 Focus areas for the case study of the water courses in the Aachen city region ........................................ 130 Figure 38 3LP landscape value chain ................................... 140 Figure 39 The territories of the regional policy initiatives. ...... 143 List of Maps Map 1 Showing the historical/geopolitical context of the 3LP ..... 17 Map 2 Showing Landscape Structure Index (LUCAS) ................ 19 Map 3 Landscape policies in Europe ....................................... 22 Map 4 Prevailing characteristics of land use in Europe .............. 35 Map 5 Structural types of the Intermediate and predominantly rural NUTS 3 regions .................................................. 35 Map 6 Land use change typologies (1990-2006) ..................... 37 Map 7 Potential vulnerability of European regions to climate change ..................................................................... 42 Map 8 Regional typologies of Energy poverty .........................