DOCSLIB.ORG

WHEAT Ssrs PRIMERS SCREENING

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
WHEAT Ssrs PRIMERS SCREENING ABSTRACT WOOTEN, JR., DAVID RUDOLPH. New genetic tools for improving oat winter hardiness. (Under the direction of David P. Livingston, III and J. Paul Murphy). Winter hardiness is a complex trait, and poor winter hardiness limits commercial production of winter oat. The identification of new genetic tools to improve oat winter hardiness will allow for continued increases in oat winter hardiness. The objectives of this research were: identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for crown freeze tolerance in the ‘Kanota’ x ‘Ogle’ mapping population, evaluate the winter hardiness component traits winter field survival, crown freeze tolerance, heading date, plant height, and vernalization responses in a population derived from a cross of winter tender ‘Fulghum’ with winter hardy ‘Norline’, examine the relationships between winter hardiness component traits and a reciprocal intergenomic translocation between chromosomes 7C and 17 in the Fulghum x Norline population, develop a genetic linkage map in the Fulghum x Norline population using SSR markers and selected RFLP markers, and identify QTL for winter hardiness component traits in the Fulghum x Norline population. In the Kanota x Ogle population seven QTL and four complimentary epistatic interactions were identified that accounted for 56% of the phenotypic variation. Ogle contributed alleles for increase crown freeze tolerance at three loci, while Kanota contributed alleles for increase crown freeze tolerance at four loci. All loci where Kanota alleles increased crown freeze tolerance showed complementary epistasis for decreased crown freeze tolerance with the QTL near UMN13. Two of the major QTL identified were in the linkage groups associated with the 7C-17 translocation. In the Fulghum x Norline population, 7C-17 translocation did not segregate in the expected 1:1 ratio, and twice as many translocation types as non-translocation types were observed. The translocation was significantly correlated with crown freeze tolerance (r=0.72) and winter field survival (r=0.62). The heritability of crown freeze tolerance was 83% and the heritability of winter field survival was 76%. Field heading date was significantly correlated with translocation status (r=0.20). Plant height, vernalization response, and photoperiod response were not associated with the translocation. QTL were identified for winter field survival, crown freeze tolerance, vernalization response, plant height and heading date, and epistatic interactions were identified for all of these traits except plant height. Major QTL for winter field survival (R2=35%) and crown freeze tolerance (R2 =52%) were identified on linkage group FN3 which was associated with the 7C-7 translocation. In this research, QTL for freeze tolerance in known linkage groups were identified for the first time in oat and specific QTL for winter hardiness component traits were identified in winter oat for first time. The importance of the 7C-17 translocation to oat winter hardiness traits was confirmed. Comparison with previous results explained differential performance between the hardy winter oat cultivars Norline and Wintok. These results suggested how the 7C-17 translocation conferred increased biological fitness in most Avena germplasm. NEW GENETIC TOOLS FOR IMPROVING OAT WINTER HARDINESS by DAVID RUDOLPH WOOTEN, JR. A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy CROP SCIENCE Raleigh, North Carolina 2006 APPROVED BY: _____________________________ _____________________________ David A. Dickey James B. Holland _____________________________ _____________________________ David P. Livingston, III J. Paul Murphy Co-chair of Advisory Committee Co-chair of Advisory Committee DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my grandparents Harry and Fran Rouse. One of my earliest memories is of planting watermelons on their farm in western Illinois. They started me on this path many years ago. I am very happy where it has led me. ii BIOGRAPHY David Wooten was born in West Columbia, South Carolina. He was raised in Colorado Springs, Colorado, until moving to Houston, Texas just before high school. He graduated from Klein High School and attended both the University of Texas at Austin, and Texas A&M, College Station before graduation from Texas A&M with B.S. degrees in Genetics and Plant and Environmental Soil Science in 1999. He continued his studies at Texas A&M working in the sorghum breeding program under the direction of Dr. William Rooney. In 2001 he received a M.S. degree in Plant Breeding and left Texas to begin studies at North Carolina State University. Beginning in 2002, he worked in the small grains breeding program at NC State. His dissertation research examined genetic tools for improving oat winter hardiness, under the direction of David Livingston and Paul Murphy. He finished his PhD in Crop Science in 2006 and accepted a position as a soybean breeder for Monsanto in Stonington, Illinois. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank my committee members for there encouragement, assistance, and patience in the completion of this research. Sometimes things did not go well, or I did not do well, but they stuck with me and gave me the opportunity and the help I needed to make my time at NCSU a great success. My colleagues in the small grains breeding program provided me with incomparable assistance in my work, and were such good friends to me. I will always remember mi Jefecito, René Navarro, and my fellow students, Dr. Goran Srnić, Dr. Lilian Miranda, Hong Mia Jia, and Judd Maxwell. Sometimes it was tough harvesting oats when it was in the upper 90’s or keeping our hands in ice water for hours at a time, but working together we made it. I had some hard times in the lab, but I made it through thanks to the help of Dr. Jennifer Tarter, Dr. Steve Szalma, David Rhyne, Josie Bloom, and Jeanette Lyerly. Thanks to them, I got the data that I needed without going completely crazy or contaminating all of Williams Hall with radioactive isotopes. Finally I must thank my family for their love and support through the years. That has always meant the most to me, and helped me when I needed it most. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................x LITERATURE REVIEW ..............................................................................................................1 Introduction........................................................................................................................2 Oat usage and Production ..................................................................................................4 Origin.................................................................................................................................5 Cytogenetics ......................................................................................................................6 Winter Hardiness ...............................................................................................................7 Freeze Damage ............................................................................................................8 Intracellular Ice......................................................................................................8 Adhesion................................................................................................................9 Dehydration ..........................................................................................................9 Freeze Tolerance.........................................................................................................10 Freeze Testing.............................................................................................................13 Genetics of Winter Hardiness...........................................................................................15 Genetic Mapping ..............................................................................................................19 Quantitative Trait Loci .....................................................................................................21 References Cited...............................................................................................................24 Quantitative trait loci and epistasis for crown freeze tolerance in the Kanota x Ogle hexaploid oat mapping..................................................................................................................39 Abstract.............................................................................................................................40 Introduction.......................................................................................................................41 Materials and Methods .....................................................................................................43 Phenotypic Evaluation................................................................................................43 QTL Detection............................................................................................................45 Examination of Epistasis ............................................................................................46
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genome Size Variation in the Genus Avena
    Genome Genome size variation in the genus Avena Journal: Genome Manuscript ID gen-2015-0132.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 01-Dec-2015 Complete List of Authors: Yan, Honghai; Triticeae Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Martin, Sara; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Bekele, Wubishet; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Latta, Robert;Draft Dalhousie University, Department of Biology Diederichsen, Axel; Plant Gene Resources of Canada, Agriculture and Agri- Food Canada Peng, Yuanying; Triticeae Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University Tinker, Nicholas; Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre Keyword: Oat, flow cytometry, nucleus, polyploidy https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/genome-pubs Page 1 of 41 Genome Genome size variation in the genus Avena ab a a c d Honghai Yan , Sara L. Martin , Wubishet A. Bekele , Robert G. Latta , Axel Diederichsen , Yuanying Peng b, Nicholas A. Tinker a* *correspondence a Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 930 Carling Ave., Bldg. 50, C.E.F., Ottawa ON K1A0C6 Canada b Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China Draft c Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St. Halifax NS B3H4R2 Canada d Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Plant Gene Resources of Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon SK S7N0X2 Canada https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/genome-pubs Genome Page 2 of 41 Abstract Genome size is an indicator of evolutionary distance and a metric for genome characterization. Here, we report accurate estimates of genome size in 99 accessions from 26 species of Avena . We demonstrate that the average genome size of C genome diploid species (2C=10.26 pg) is 15% larger than that of A genome species (2C=8.95 pg) and that this difference likely accounts for a progression of size among tetraploid species, where AB < AC < CC (average 2C=16.76 pg, 18.60 pg, and 21.78 pg, respectively).
    [Show full text]
  • Avena Strigosa Schreb.) Germplasm
    EVALUATION OF BLACK OAT ( AVENA STRIGOSA SCHREB.) GERMPLASM Except where reference is made to the work of others, the work described in this thesis is my own or was done in collaboration with my advisory committee. This thesis does not include proprietary or classified information. ________________________________________ Thomas Antony Certificate of Approval: _________________________ _________________________ David B. Weaver Edzard van Santen, Chair Professor Professor Agronomy and Soils Agronomy and Soils _______________________ _________________________ Andrew J. Price Joe F. Pittman Assistant Professor Interim Dean Agronomy and Soils Graduate School EVALUATION OF BLACK OAT ( AVENA STRIGOSA SCHREB.) GERMPLASM Thomas Antony A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama December 17, 2007 EVALUATION OF BLACK OAT ( AVENA STRIGOSA SCHREB.) GERMPLASM Thomas Antony Permission is granted to Auburn University to make copies of this thesis at its discretion, upon the request of individuals or institutions and at their expense. The author reserves all publication rights. ___________________________________ Signature of Author ___________________________________ Date of Graduation iii THESIS ABSTRACT EVALUATION OF BLACK OAT ( AVENA STRIGOSA SCHREB.) GERMPLASM Thomas Antony Master of Science, December 17, 2007 (B.S. (Agriculture), Kerala Agricultural University, India, 2002) (B.S. (Botany), Mahatma Gandhi University, India, 1995) 156 Typed Pages Directed by Edzard van Santen Black oat has become an important winter cover crop in subtropical and temperate regions. Originating in the northern parts of Spain and Portugal, black oat cultivation has spread to different parts of the globe. Even though different in ploidy level, diploid black oat has been used in many hexaploid common oat ( A.
    [Show full text]
  • ITALY: COUNTRY REPORT to the FAO INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE on PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (Leipzig 1996)
    ITALY: COUNTRY REPORT TO THE FAO INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (Leipzig 1996) Prepared by: Minister of Agricultural, Food and Forestal Resources Collaborators: Carlo Fideghelli Rome, July 1995 ITALY country report 2 Note by FAO This Country Report has been prepared by the national authorities in the context of the preparatory process for the FAO International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources, Leipzig, Germany, 17-23 June 1996. The Report is being made available by FAO as requested by the International Technical Conference. However, the report is solely the responsibility of the national authorities. The information in this report has not been verified by FAO, and the opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views or policy of FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of the material and maps in this document do not imply the expression of any option whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ITALY country report 3 Table of contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO ITALY AND ITS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 5 1.1 FOREIGN TRADE 8 1.2 FARMS AND FARM AREA 9 CHAPTER 2 INDIGENOUS PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES 10 2.1 CEREALS 10 2.2 WOODY CROPS 13 2.3 CROPS FOR PROCESSING 15 2.4 VEGETABLE 16 2.5 ORNAMENTAL, AROMATIC, MEDICINAL 17 2.6 FORAGE PLANTS 18 CHAPTER 3 NATIONAL CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES 21 3.1 CEREALS 22 3.2 WOODY
    [Show full text]
  • The Naturalized Vascular Plants of Western Australia 1
    12 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.19(1) 2004 Distribution in IBRA Regions Western Australia is divided into 26 The naturalized vascular plants of Western Australia natural regions (Figure 1) that are used for 1: Checklist, environmental weeds and distribution in bioregional planning. Weeds are unevenly distributed in these regions, generally IBRA regions those with the greatest amount of land disturbance and population have the high- Greg Keighery and Vanda Longman, Department of Conservation and Land est number of weeds (Table 4). For exam- Management, WA Wildlife Research Centre, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western ple in the tropical Kimberley, VB, which Australia 6946, Australia. contains the Ord irrigation area, the major cropping area, has the greatest number of weeds. However, the ‘weediest regions’ are the Swan Coastal Plain (801) and the Abstract naturalized, but are no longer considered adjacent Jarrah Forest (705) which contain There are 1233 naturalized vascular plant naturalized and those taxa recorded as the capital Perth, several other large towns taxa recorded for Western Australia, com- garden escapes. and most of the intensive horticulture of posed of 12 Ferns, 15 Gymnosperms, 345 A second paper will rank the impor- the State. Monocotyledons and 861 Dicotyledons. tance of environmental weeds in each Most of the desert has low numbers of Of these, 677 taxa (55%) are environmen- IBRA region. weeds, ranging from five recorded for the tal weeds, recorded from natural bush- Gibson Desert to 135 for the Carnarvon land areas. Another 94 taxa are listed as Results (containing the horticultural centre of semi-naturalized garden escapes. Most Total naturalized flora Carnarvon).
    [Show full text]
  • C7 Grass.Ach-Ely
    GRAMINEAE Part One GRAMINEAE AL de Jussieu 1789 or POACEAE (R Brown) Barnhart 1895 GRASS FAMILY ACHNATHERUM to ELYTRIGIA Revised 13 July 2015 GRAMINEAE PART ONE BACK TO TOP Calamagrostis Achnatherum Calamovilfa Agropyron Cenchrus Agrostis Chasmanthium Alopecurus Cinna Ammophila Dactylis Andropogon Danthonia Anthoxanthum Deschampsia Aristida Diarrhena Arrhenatheum Dichanthelium Avena Digitaria Beckmannia Distichlis Bouteloua Echinochloa Brachyelytrum Eleusine Bromus Elymus Buchloë Elytrigia If it’s flat and smooth, it’s little bluestem If it’s flat and fuzzy, it’s big bluestem If it’s round and smooth, it’s switchgrass If it’s round and fuzzy, it’s Indian grass Ray Schulenberg Grasses are a family of annual or perennial herbs (with annual culms), or woody shrubs & trees in some bamboos (the culms perennial), with approximately 670 genera & 10,000 spp, cosmopolitan. Plants with cylindrical, jointed, & often hollow stems, & 2-ranked leaves, each with a sheath, ligule, & blade. Individual flowers inconspicuous, with 2-6 stamens, 1 pistil, & 1-3 small scalelike tepals, or lodicules, with each flower enclosed by bracts (lemma & palea), the whole called a floret. Single or several florets are attached to an axis subtended by 2 nonfertile bracts or glumes; each floret produces a 1-seeded, achenial fruit, a grain or caryopsis, occasionally achenes in some genera, the seed being encased in a ripened ovary. Largely wind pollinated. Some bamboos produce fleshy fruits. Primitive grasses may have evolved 89 million years before the present (mybp) (some suggest 100- 110 mybp), with conventional grasses known from the Paleocene-Eocene boundary, 55 mybp. Grasslike opal phytoliths are known from dinosaur coprolites from the Late Cretaceous (71-65 mybp) in India.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand Naturalised Vascular Plant Checklist
    NEW ZEALAND NATURALISED VASCULAR PLANT CHECKLIST Clayson Howell; ISBN 0-473-11306-6 John W.D. Sawyer New Zealand Plant Conservation Network November 2006 9 780473 113063 New Zealand naturalised vascular plant checklist November 2006 Clayson J. Howell, John W.D. Sawyer New Zealand Plant Conservation Network P.O. Box 16-102 Wellington New Zealand 6242 E-mail: [email protected] www.nzpcn.org.nz Cover photos (by Jeremy Rolfe): Selaginella kraussiana (Lycophytes), Cestrum elegans (Dicot. trees & shrubs), Cyperus eragrostis (Monocot. herbs: Sedges), Cerastium glomeratum (Dicot. herbs other than composites), Dipogon lignosus (Dicot lianes), Berberis darwinii (Dicot. trees & shrubs), Lonicera japonica (Dicot. lianes), Bomarea caldasii (Monocot. lianes), Pinus radiata (Gymnosperm trees & shrubs), Lilium formosanum (Monocot. herbs other than grasses, orchids, rushes, sedges), Poa annua (Monocot. herbs: Grasses), Clematis vitalba (Dicot. lianes), Adiantum raddianum (Ferns) Main photo: Senecio diaschides (Dicot herbs: Composites). Title page: Asparagus scandens seedling in kauri forest. © Clayson J. Howell, John W.D. Sawyer 2006 ISBN-10: 0-473-12300-2 ISBN-13: 978-0-473-12300-0 Published by: New Zealand Plant Conservation Network P.O. Box 16-102 Wellington 6242 New Zealand E-mail: [email protected] www.nzpcn.org.nz CONTENTS Introduction 1 New Zealand adventive flora – Summary statistics 2 Naturalised plant records in the Flora of New Zealand 2 Naturalised plant checklists in the New Zealand Journal of Botany 2 Species outside Flora or checklists 2 Acknowledgements 4 Bibliography 4 New Zealand naturalised vascular plant checklist – alphabetical 6 iii Cortaderia selloana, one of two species of pampas that are fully naturalised in New Zealand.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution Pattern of Rdna ITS in Avena and Phylogenetic Relationship of the Avena Species (Poaceae: Aveneae) YUAN-YING PENG1, 2 , BERNARD R
    Hereditas 147: 183–204 (2010) The evolution pattern of rDNA ITS in Avena and phylogenetic relationship of the Avena species (Poaceae: Aveneae) YUAN-YING PENG 1, 2 , BERNARD R. BAUM2 , CHANG-ZHONG REN 3 , QIAN-TAO JIANG 1 , GUO-YUE CHEN 1 , YOU-LIANG ZHENG4 and YU-MING WEI1 1Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya ’ an, Sichuan, PR China 2Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 3Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng, Jilin, PR China 4Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, PR China Peng, Y.-Y., Baum, B. R., Ren, C.-Z., Jiang, Q.-T., Chen, G.-Y., Zheng, Y.-L. and Wei, Y.-M. 2010. The evolution pattern of rDNA ITS in Avena and phylogenetic relationship of the Avena species (Poaceae: Aveneae). – Hereditas 147 : 183–204. Lund, Sweden. eISSN 1601-5223. Received 18 January 2010. Accepted 8 June 2010. Ribosomal ITS sequences are commonly used for phylogenetic reconstruction because they are included in rDNA repeats, and these repeats often undergo rapid concerted evolution within and between arrays. Therefore, the rDNA ITS copies appear to be virtually identical and can sometimes be treated as a single gene. In this paper we examined ITS polymorphism within and among 13 diploid (A and C genomes), seven tetraploid (AB, AC and CC genomes) and four hexaploid (ACD genome) to infer the extent and direction of concerted evolution, and to reveal the phylogenetic and genome relationship among species of Avena . A total of 170 clones of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 fragment were sequenced to carry out haplotype and phylogenetic analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of a Working Group on Avena (Third Meeting)
    CONTENTS iii CONTENTS Part I. Discussion and Recommendations Introduction 1 Information on ECP/GR 1 Chairperson’s report 3 The European Central Avena Database (EADB) Status of the EADB, adoption of IPGRI/FAO Multicrop passport list, Internet access, identification of duplicates, unique accessions and gaps in the collections 5 The Russian Avena database 7 EU rating of project EC 1467/94 and opportunities for resubmission to the third call 7 Opportunities to include characterization and evaluation data 7 Sharing responsibilities for conservation 9 The status of the Avena core collections Cultivars 10 Landraces 10 Weedy forms 10 The quality of national collections Cyprus 11 Czech Republic 11 Estonia 11 France 11 Germany 11 Israel 12 Latvia 12 Lithuania 12 The Netherlands 12 Nordic countries 12 Poland 13 Romania 13 Russia 13 Spain 13 Turkey 13 UK 13 Opportunities for a peer review of the quality of Avena European collections 15 Collecting activities Collecting wild germplasm in Spain 17 Recent collecting missions in Sicily 17 Research activities and other ongoing activities Report of a workshop on Avena genetic resources in Germany (January 1998) 18 Research on wild and cultivated oats at INIA, Spain 18 Ongoing research in the UK 18 Conclusion 19 Part II. Presented Papers The European Avena Database – state of the art S Bücken and L Frese 20 Database and taxonomy of VIR’s world collection of the genus Avena L. I.G.Loskutov 26 iv WORKING GROUP ON Avena: FIFTH MEETING Summary of the Moroccan oat germplasm evaluation S Saidi 32 The status of the Avena core collections Establishment of the core collection of Avena wild species I.G.
    [Show full text]
  • ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 6Th Edition
    ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 6th Edition ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema Published by All rights reserved. No part of this publication may The International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or Zürichstr. 50, CH-8303 Bassersdorf, Switzerland transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, ©2014 International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) without prior permission in writing from ISTA. ISBN 978-3-906549-77-4 ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 1st Edition 1966 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Prof. P. A. Linehan 2nd Edition 1983 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. H. Pirson 3rd Edition 1988 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. W. A. Brandenburg 4th Edition 2001 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 5th Edition 2007 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 6th Edition 2013 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema ii 6th Edition 2013 ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names Contents Contents Preface ...................................................... iv L ................................................................41 Acknowledgements .................................... v M ...............................................................46 Symbols and abbreviations ....................... vi N ...............................................................50 ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names ........... 1 O ...............................................................51
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Cereal Remains from Archaeological Sites 2Nd Edition 2006
    Identification of cereal remains from archaeological sites 2nd edition 2006 Spikelet fork of the “new glume wheat” (Jones et al. 2000) Stefanie JACOMET and collaborators Archaeobotany Lab IPAS, Basel University English translation partly by James Greig CEREALS: CEREALIA Fam. Poaceae /Gramineae (Grasses) Systematics and Taxonomy All cereal species belong botanically (taxonomically) to the large family of the Gramineae (Poaceae). This is one of the largest Angiosperm families with >10 000 different species. In the following the systematics for some of the most imporant taxa is shown: class: Monocotyledoneae order: Poales familiy: Poaceae (= Gramineae) (Süssgräser) subfamily: Pooideae Tribus: Triticeae Subtribus: Triticinae genera: Triticum (Weizen, wheat); Aegilops; Hordeum (Gerste; barley); Elymus; Hordelymus; Agropyron; Secale (Roggen, rye) Note: Avena and the millets belong to other Tribus. The identification of prehistoric cereal remains assumes understanding of different subject areas in botany. These are mainly morphology and anatomy, but also phylogeny and evolution (and today, also genetics). Since most of the cereal species are treated as domesticated plants, many different forms such as subspecies, varieties, and forms appear inside the genus and species (see table below). In domesticates the taxonomical category of variety is also called “sort” (lat. cultivar, abbreviated: cv.). This refers to a variety which evolved through breeding. Cultivar is the lowest taxonomic rank in the domesticated plants. Occasionally, cultivars are also called races: e.g. landraces evolved through genetic isolation, under local environmental conditions whereas „high-breed-races“ were breed by strong selection of humans. Anyhow: The morphological delimitation of cultivars is difficult, sometimes even impossible. It needs great experience and very detailed morphological knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Functional Genomic Resources in Oat for Identification of Genes Associated with Beta-Glucan
    DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL GENOMIC RESOURCES IN OAT FOR IDENTIFICATION OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH BETA-GLUCAN ANNIS FATMAWATI 260816959 DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCE, MACDONALD CAMPUS, MCGILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA NOVEMBER, 2020 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO MCGILL UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE © Annis Fatmawati 2020 I Table of content List of Figures ............................................................................................................................VI List of Table ................................................................................................................................ X Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... XI Resume..................................................................................................................................... XII Acknowledgment .................................................................................................................... XIII Preface ................................................................................................................................... XIV Contribution of Authors ......................................................................................................... XIV CHAPTER I: GENERAL INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Conservation of Crop Wild Relatives' Diversity in The
    CONSERVATION OF CROP WILD RELATIVES’ DIVERSITY IN THE FERTILE CRESCENT By Wathek Zair A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Supervisor Dr Nigel Maxted School of Biosciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Birmingham October 2019 1 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This thesis aims to enhance the conservation of CWR diversity in the Fertile Crescent. CWR are species of plants that are genetically close to cultivated crops. They are important sources of plant genetic materials that can be used for crop improvements. The Fertile Crescent is an important centre as it is a centre of crop domestication. Finding CWR in the Fertile Crescent region was carried out through creating a checklist of CWR, prioritisation, collecting passport data, ex-situ and in-situ gap analysis, climate change analysis, and threat analysis. A priority list of 220 CWR taxa was established following 12 prioritisation criteria. The priority list was revised and a new priority list consisted of 441 CWR were established. 23,878 occurrence records were collated.
    [Show full text]