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Checklist of the Grasses of India 1 Doi: 10.3897/Phytokeys.163.38393 CHECKLIST Launched to Accelerate Biodiversity Research A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Checklist of the grasses of India 1 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.163.38393 CHECKLIST http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Checklist of the grasses of India Elizabeth A. Kellogg1, J. Richard Abbott2,8, Kamaljit S. Bawa3, Kanchi N. Gandhi4, B. R. Kailash5, K.N. Ganeshaiah6, Uttam Babu Shrestha7, Peter Raven2 1 Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Rd., St. Louis, MO 63132, USA 2 Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA 3 University of Massachusetts Boston, Col- lege of Science and Mathematics, Boston, MA 02125, USA 4 Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 5 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur post, Bangalore-560094, India 6 University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India 7 Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Australia 8 School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, The University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR 71655, USA Corresponding author: Elizabeth A. Kellogg ([email protected]) Academic editor: Maria Vorontsova | Received 20 July 2019 | Accepted 22 January 2020 | Published 18 October 2020 Citation: Kellogg EA, Abbott JR, Bawa KS, Gandhi KN, Kailash BR, Ganeshaiah KN, Shrestha UB, Raven P (2020) Checklist of the grasses of India. PhytoKeys 163: 1–560. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.163.38393 Abstract A checklist of the grasses of India is presented, as compiled from survey of all available literature. Of the twelve subfamilies of grasses, ten are represented in India. Most subfamilies have been examined by taxonomic experts for up-to-date nomenclature. The list includes 1506 species plus infraspecific taxa and presents information on types, synonyms, distribution within India, and habit. Twelve new combinations are made, viz. Arctopoa tibetica (Munro ex Stapf) Prob. var. aristulata (Stapf) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Chimonocalamus nagalan- dianus (H.B. Naithani) L.G. Clark, comb. nov.; Chionachne digitata (L.f.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Chion- achne wallichiana (Nees) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Dinebra polystachyos (R. Br.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Moorochloa eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp var. divaricata (Basappa & Muniv.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Phyl- lostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro var. puberula (Miq.) Kailash, comb. & stat. nov.; Tzveleviochloa schmidii (Hook. f.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Urochloa lata (Schumach.) C.E. Hubb. var. pubescens (C.E. Hubb.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Urochloa ramosa (L.) T.Q. Nguyen var. pubescens (Basappa & Muniy.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Urochloa semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair var. intermedia (Basappa & Muniy.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. Keywords Poaceae, taxonomy, biodiversity, biogeography, south Asia Copyright Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Table of contents Introduction ............................................................................................................. 3 Background and methods ......................................................................................... 4 Checklist .................................................................................................................. 5 Poaceae Barnh., 1895, nom. cons. ........................................................................ 5 Subfamily Pharoideae L. G. Clark & Judz., 1996 ............................................. 6 Subfamily Bambusoideae Luerss., 1893 ............................................................ 7 Tribe Arundinarieae Asch. & Graebn., 1902 ............................................... 7 Tribe Bambuseae Kunth ex Dumort., 1829 ............................................... 22 Subfamily Oryzoideae Kunth x Beilschm. (1833) ........................................... 54 Tribe Ehrharteae Nevski, 1937 ................................................................... 54 Tribe Oryzeae Dumort. (1824) .................................................................. 57 Tribe Streptogyneae C.E. Hubb. ex C.E. Calderón & Soderstr. (1980) ...... 65 Subfamily Pooideae Benth., 1861 ................................................................... 65 Tribe Nardeae W. D. J. Koch, 1837 ........................................................... 66 Tribe Phaenospermateae Renvoize & Clayton, 1985 .................................. 66 Tribe Duthieeae Röser & Jul. Schneid., Syst. Biodivers. 9(1): 41. 2011. ..... 67 Tribe Meliceae Link ex Endl., 1830 ............................................................ 68 Tribe Stipeae Dumort., 1824 ..................................................................... 71 Tribe Brachypodieae Harz, 1880 ................................................................ 83 Tribe Bromeae Dumort., 1824 ................................................................... 85 Tribe Triticeae Dumort., 1824 ................................................................... 91 Tribe Poeae R. Br., 1814 .......................................................................... 111 Subfamily Aristidoideae Caro, 1982 ............................................................. 196 Subfamily Panicoideae A. Braun, 1864 ......................................................... 202 Incertae sedis: ........................................................................................... 203 Tribe Centotheceae Ridl., 1907 ................................................................ 203 Tribe Chasmanthieae W.V. Br. & B.N. Smith ex Sánchez-Ken & L.G. Clark, 2010 ........................................................................................................ 206 Tribe Paspaleae J. Presl, 1830 ................................................................... 207 Tribe Paniceae R. Br., 1814 ...................................................................... 217 Tribe Jansenelleae Voronts., 2020 ............................................................. 298 Tribe Andropogoneae Dumort., 1824 ...................................................... 299 Subfamily Danthonioideae N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder, 2001 ....................... 453 Subfamily Chloridoideae Kunth ex Beilschm., 1833 .................................... 456 Incertae sedis ............................................................................................ 456 Tribe Centropodieae P.M. Peterson, N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder, 2011 ..... 458 Tribe Triraphideae P.M. Peterson, 2010 .................................................... 459 Tribe Eragrostideae Stapf, 1898 ................................................................ 460 Tribe Zoysieae Benth., 1881 .................................................................... 479 Tribe Cynodonteae Dumort., 1824 .......................................................... 488 Subfamily Micrairoideae Pilg., 1956 ............................................................ 529 Checklist of the grasses of India 3 Subfamily Arundinoideae Kunth ex Beilschm., 1833 ................................... 543 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 546 References ............................................................................................................ 547 Index to Genera ................................................................................................... 557 Introduction The following is a checklist of the grasses of India, produced as part of the Plants of India project. The grass family has been the subject of two major new classifications, Kellogg (2015b) and Soreng et al. (2015, 2017), based on phylogenetic data. Even before these ap- peared, molecular phylogenies had resolved circumscription of the subfamilies and there has been general agreement for at least the last 15 years on the monophyly of the major subfamilies. Nearly all known genera have been firmly assigned to subfamily and a large majority to tribe. Division into subtribes remains an item of discussion in some groups. The two current classifications are quite similar, which is not surprising since they are based on the same underlying data and phylogenies. Many of the differences reflect simply different preferences for classification. Kellogg (2015b) generally avoids mono- generic tribes or subtribes on the grounds that they convey no phylogenetic informa- tion and are unnecessary. This means that, while all genera are assigned to subfamily, the smaller subfamilies (e.g. Pharoideae) are not divided into tribes. In contrast, Soreng et al. (2015, 2017) prefer consistency in the use of ranks throughout the classification, meaning that all subfamilies include tribes, even if or when the tribes are unnecessary from the point of view of identification or phylogeny. The same arguments apply to subtribes. The Soreng et al. (2015, 2017) classification is thus more split than Kellogg (2015b). In addition, there are a few differences in generic circumscription. Because Kellogg (2015b) appeared in book form, it really represents the state of data a couple of years earlier, whereas Soreng et al. (2017) includes more recent information. All grass
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