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Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Various Marble Stones of Mewar Region of Rajasthan at X-Band Microwave Frequencies Bapna P.C, Joshi S

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Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Various Marble Stones of Mewar Region of Rajasthan at X-Band Microwave Frequencies Bapna P.C, Joshi S ISSN: 2277-3754 ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 7, January 2013 Measurement of Dielectric Properties of various Marble Stones of Mewar Region of Rajasthan at X-band Microwave Frequencies Bapna P.C, Joshi S porosity and mineralogy [2]-[12]. Dielectric dispersion at low Abstract— The natural reservoirs of Marble stones in the frequency are useful to understand the behavior of induced Mewar region of Rajasthan, India has tremendous commercial polarization in the material while high frequency importance. These decorative stones prevail in wide variety of measurements are helpful in planning ground penetrating colours and textures. The present paper envisages the dielectric characteristics of such stones at X-band microwave frequencies. A radar surveys and microwave remote sensing of the Earth's measurement setup at X-band is described for the experimental geology of the minerals and rocks[9],[10]. The relative determination of relative dielectric constant of various marble permittivity is directly related to the electronic, atomic and stones. The regular pattern of the relative dielectric constant orientational polarization of the material. The first two of varying with microwave frequency is revealed. The Relative these are induced by the applied field, and are caused by dielectric constant and its correlation with the type; structure and displacement of the electrons within the atom, and atoms chemical composition of marble are described in the frequency within the molecule, respectively. The third only exists in range of 8.8 – 12.2 GHz. The real part of the relative dielectric polar materials, i.e. those with molecules having a permanent constant among the different type of marble change in the range of 9.5-1. The chemical composition gives somewhat complex dipole moment. Electronic and atomic polarization are relation as the impurities are different in varied colour marbles. temperature independent, but orientational polarization, The imaginary parts of relative dielectric constant shows that loss depending on the extent to which the applied field can order tangent decreases with increase in frequency in the range of the permanent dipoles against the disordering effect of the 0.00027 – 0.0688. The loss tangents are different for various types thermal energy of their environment, varies inversely with of marbles due to variation in the chemical composition. Further, absolute temperature[13]. In view of the growing importance the relative dielectric constants (both real and imaginary) are of laboratory measurements of electrical properties and also determined and reported for wet marbles in the paper. The measurement data may be of vital importance for microwave keeping in view the scarcity of such data on Indian rocks, we remote sensing applications. have carried out measurement of dielectric constant and loss tangent of some Marbles in the Microwave frequency range Index Terms— Dielectric Constant, Dielectric Loss Tangent, from 8.8 GHz to 12.2GHz using two point method of Marble, X-Band Frequency. rectangular waveguide. In the present paper, we have reported the measurement results of relative dielectric constant and I. INTRODUCTION loss tangent of four samples of marbles, Green marble of Microwave remote sensing techniques are now a day’s Keshriya ji (Sample G1), Pink marble of Babarmal (Sample widely adopted and used to estimate the presence of natural P1), White marble of medium to coarse grain of Rajnagar resources beneath the ground surface. The determination of (Sample W1) and White colour with black spots of fine grain electrical property of minerals and rocks plays a vital role in (Sample W2). Further we have studied the influence of developing electrical and e.m. modeling of the earth’s moisture content of the samples on these properties. forming minerals and rocks [1]. Considerable efforts have Petrographic study of the samples has also been made and it been made to study the effect of variation in bulk density, has been attempted to correlate the observed features with mineralogical composition and crystalline structure of rocks variations of the dielectric properties of measured samples. and minerals, their dielectric measurements over wide range of frequency. Dielectric properties of rocks and sediments are II. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS primarily a function of mineralogy, frequency, water A. Materials saturation, porosity, texture, component geometry and Marble samples of different colours and varieties were electrochemical interactions between rock components, it is obtained from the marble mines of Mewar region of Rajasthan primarily controlled by water saturation and secondarily by (India). White marbles from Rajsamand (W1, W2), Pink Table 1: Physical Characteristics [11] Stratigraphic Megascopic ample Place of Position with Characters/ Trade Place of occurrence Petrographic Characters no. occurrence alpha numeric name etc. map numbers 180 ISSN: 2277-3754 ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 7, January 2013 G1 Rikhabdeo Rikhabdeo Green Serpentine Rikhabdeo (Keshriya ji) Massive fine grained rock with criss (Keshriya ji) ultra mafic marble Udaipur District crosses mesh of antigorite, specks of Udaipur suite iron ore and irregular grains of District Σ pt1r dolomite. P1 Babarmal Aravali Pink Marble Babarmal -Devimata Fine to medium grained rock showing -Devimata Supergroup Udaipur District alternate chlorite, quartz, calcite and Udaipur Pt12ab felspar flaky mineral is muscovite District banded nature and flatening of grains banding is defined by quartz felspathic layers and carbonates. W1 Rajnagar-Ag Aravali W1: White with Rajnagar-Agaria Fine, Medium & coarse grained, aria Supergroup bands, and spider Kelwa inequigranular, granoblastic Kelwa W1: pt12ak web of honey Rajsamand District development of flaky minerals in the Rajsamand W2: pt12dg yellow and green interstices between two carbonate W2 District colour. grains, iron dust over carbonate grains. W2: White Kelwa – W1 : Fine Grained white with slight Blebs of smoky light greenish touch. quartz in white W2 : Medium to coarse grained white background. with black spots. Table 2: Chemical and Geotechnical Properties [11] Sample no. Chemical Composition Geotechnical Properties CaO MgO SiO2 Fe2O3 LOI S.G. W.A. U.C.S. Green (G1) 18.56 21.29 31.51 5.33 21.82 2.75 0.19 1279 Pink (P1) 20.79 2.21 14.35 0.28 24 2.74 0.07 548 White (W1) White (W2) 33 25 0.01 0.12 36 2.85 0.16 642 30 16 0.06 0.95 44 2.87 0.8 1118 181 ISSN: 2277-3754 ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 7, January 2013 Table 3: Comparison of Real Part of Relative Dielectric Green 6.59206 at 2.7611 at Constant (ϵ') For Dry Marbles (G1) 9.2GHz 4.74840 9.2GHz 12.2GHz Highest Lowest Average Types Resonance Relative Relative Relative Dielectri 2.742404 9.6 of Dielectric Dielectric Frequencie Pink 6.53969266 constant constant c Marble s (P1) at &11.4GH 4.335845 (ϵ') (ϵ') constant at 9.6GHz (ϵ') 11.4Ghz z 3.08872 9.4,10.6,11. 3.079047 Green 7.53698 White 6.957575 at 9.2,11.8G (G1) at 11.0 6 & 5.06878 at 5.183693 at 9.4 GHz (W1) 9.4GHz Hz GHz 12.0 GHz 12.0GHz 3.771358 Pink 9.673022 2.569849 8.8,9.8,10.6 White 9.260075 at (P1) 4.74840 at 8.8 GHz at 10.0GHz & 11.8 GHz (W2) at No peaks 5.362712 8.8GHz 12.2GHz 9.6, 10.2, White 6.855717 1.244868 Table 6: Imaginary Part of Relative Dielectric Loss Tangent (W1) 11.2&11.8 4.183437 (Tanδ) For Wet Marbles at 9.6 GHz at 9.0 GHz GHz Lowest Average Types Highest Resonance White 7.464399 3.06345 at 9.4, 10.4 & Loss Loss loss of Frequencie (W2) 5.099932 tangent at 9.4GHz 12.0GHz 11.0GHz tangent tangent Marble (tanδ) s (tanδ) (tanδ) Table 4: Imaginary Part of Relative Dielectric Loss Tangent (Tanδ) For Dry Marbles Lowest Average 0.00043198 Types Highest Green 0.04273329 9.0 Loss Loss Resonance loss (G1) 2 at 0.008630 of at9.0GHz &10.8GHz tangent tangent Frequencies tangent 11.0GHz Marble (tan δ) (tan δ) (tan δ) 0.00041805 Pink 0.00836 at 9.8 & 11.0 9.2,9.8,10.6, (P1) 9 at 0.006847 Green 0.0687796 0.0006495 9.8GHz GHZ (G1) 11.0,11.8 & 0.01880 10.0GHz at 10.4GHz at 9.2GHz 12.0GHz White 0.01279181 0.00079224 9.4 & 11.4 0.0002012 9.4,10.0,10. (W1) 0.005868 Pink 0.0236978 0.00684 at 9.6GHz at 11.6 GHz GHz (P1) 61 at 8,11.2, & at 10.0GHz 7 9.0GHz 12.0GHz 0.00011905 White 0.015863 at 11.0 & 0.006185 0.0144607 0.0006356 8.8,9.2,10.8, (W2) 5 at 12.2 White 0.00567 8.8 GHz 12.0GHz 19 (W1) 3 at 67 at 11.2 GHz 0 8.8GHz 11.4GHz &12.2GHz 0.0160519 0.0007229 8.8,9.8,10.6, White 0.00624 (W2) 8 at 7 at 11.4 & 3 11.4GHz 9.0GHz 12.0GHz Table 5: Real Part of Relative Dielectric Constant (ϵ') For Wet Marbles Highest Lowest Resonanc Average Types Relative Relative e Relative of Dielectric Dielectric constant constant Frequenci Dielectric Marble ' ' (ϵ) (ϵ) es constant (ϵ') Fig1 :( A) Measured Dielectric Constant of Dry Green Marble 182 ISSN: 2277-3754 ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 7, January 2013 Fig 1 :( B) Measured Loss Tangent of Dry Green Marble Fig 3 (B): Measured Loss Tangent of Dry Pink Marble Fig 4 (A): Measured Dielectric Constant of Wet Pink Marble Fig 2 (A): Measured Dielectric Constant of Wet Green Marble Fig 4 (B): Measured Loss Tangent of Wet Pink Marble Fig 2 (B): Measured Loss Tangent of Wet Green Marble Fig 5 (A): Measured Dielectric Constant of Dry Pure White Marble.
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