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ATP= Most Commonly Used Energy in the Cell Mitochondria Convert Food

ATP= Most Commonly Used Energy in the Cell Mitochondria Convert Food

in the Cell

ATP= Most commonly used energy in the cell

Adenosine triphosphate - Adenosine with 3 phosphate attached

Origins of ATP

Mitochondria convert energy (i.e. ) to ATP

A working muscle cell spends and recycles up to 10 million ATP molecules per second ATP & Energy Energy is required to hold ATP molecules together – phosphate molecules are polar and are trying to repel one another

When ATP bonds are broken, energy is released

ATP energy is used for and all other bodily processes

Benefits of ATP • Cell does not need to store excess energy • As long as have phosphate, have unlimited energy • Energy is renewable in this case • In a pinch, ADP can be used for energy aka Introduction: Muscles are attached to bones. As your muscles contract they move the bones to which they are attached. This in turn allows your body to move and do work. Working your muscles requires energy. This energy is the result of cellular respiration and may lead to the build- up of , which in turn causes fatigue.

The muscles that open and close your hand are located in your forearm. The number of times you can open and close your hand indicates the amount of work these muscles can do Procedure: Trial # Ability to Do 1.Prepare a data table similar to the Work one shown. 1 2.Rest your elbow on the table. Open 2 and close your hand rapidly and 3 forcefully, counting the number of 4 times you can do this in 30 seconds. 5 Record your results in the space 6 provided. 7 3.Rest for 10 seconds. During this 8 time, record your results. 9 4.Repeat steps 2 and 3 nine more 10 times. Record each of your results in 5 Minute Rest the space provided. 11 5.Rest for five (5) minutes. Repeat 12 Steps 2 and 3 two more times and record your results. Analysis and Conclusion Questions 1. How did your results change over time? 2. What effect did repeating the exercise over time have on the muscle group? 3. As you repeated the exercise over time, how did your muscles feel? 4. What physiological factors are responsible for fatigue? 5. How well do you think your fatigued muscles would work after 30 minutes of rest? 6. Apply this concept to some other type of muscular work you do every day. Examples include tapping your foot to keep beat in band, lifting weights for football, or running for soccer. General Overview

Glucose (C6H12O6) is a product of Sunlight

6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Glucose is a basic food for all living things

Glucose contains so much energy, the cell would die if all the energy were released at one time General Overview

Cellular respiration is the release of this energy a little bit at a time

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

Energy Glucose Breaking of the glucose

Occurs in the cytoplasm Glycolosis

Converts the 6-carbon into two 3-carbon compounds called pyruvates

Anaerobic respiration (no )

Produces 2 energy molecules Glucose

Glycolosis

Aerobic

Occurs in the mitochondria Kreb Cycle Produces lots of Energy Requires oxygen

Electron Transport Chain Glucose

Glycolosis

Anaerobic No oxygen required

Organisms in low O2 environments Organisms low on O2 Produces small amounts of energy

Lactic Acid

Alcohol Glucose

Glycolosis

Aerobic Anaerobic

Kreb Cycle Fermentation

Lactic Acid Electron Transport Chain

aka Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Comparison of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Complementary Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration processes Chloroplast/Cytoplasm Mitochondria

Food accumulated Food broken down Both reactions Energy from light Energy from chemical bonds must occur for organisms to Stores energy Releases energy

have usable Reactants: CO , H O Reactants: Glucose and O energy 2 2 2

Products: Glucose, O2 Products: CO2, H2O

Only in presence of light Occurs day and night

Requires chlorophyll Occurs in all living cells

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