Irak, En Russie Et Dans Le Caucase

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Irak, En Russie Et Dans Le Caucase INSTITUT . I I I URD DE PARIS Bulletin de liaison et d'information I Wl68-169 I MARs-Avm 1999 Ce bulletin paraît en français et anglais Prix au numéro: France: 30 FF - Etranger: 35 FF Abonnement annuel (I2 numéros) France: 300 FF - Etranger: 350 FF Périodique mensuel Directeur de la publication: Mohamad HASSAN Numéro de la Commission Paritaire: 659 15 AS ISBN 0761 1285 INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fayette - 75010 PARIS Tél. : 01-48246464 - Fax: 01-47 70 99 04 Sommaire • Élections: FORTE POUSSÉE DES ULTRANATIONALISTES TURCS, SUCCÈS DU HADEP DANS LE KURDISTAN OÙ IL REMPORTE UNE QUARANTAINE DE MAIRIES • Strasbourg: AU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN UNE RÉUNION SUR LA QUESTION KURDE EN TURQUIE • Londres: CÉDANT AUX PRESSIONS TURQUES LA GRANDE BRETAGNE SUSPEND LA LICENSE D'ÉMETTRE DE LA CHAINE DE TÉLÉVISION KURDE MEl)..TV • Paris: LA COMMUNAUTÉ KURDE DE FRANCE INTERPELLE FRANÇOIS HOLLANDE • Ankara: LE PRÉSIDENT DE LA COUR CONSTITUTIONNELLE TURQUE CRITIQUE LA CONSTITUTION TURQUE ET DEMANDE SA REFONTE • LE 6ÈME CONGRES DU PKK DÉCIDE D'ÉTENDRE LA GUERRE À TOUTE LA TURQUIE • AINSI QUE.... • EN BREF, LA REWE DE PRESSE ELECTIONS: FORTE POUSSÉE DES ULTRANATIONALISTES TURCS, nationaliste traditionnelle -le Parti de la Mère-Patrie, ANAp, de M. Mesut Yilmaz, SUCCÈS DU HADEP DANS LE KURDISTAN OÙ IL REMPORTE UNE et le Parti de la Juste voie (OYP)- QUARANTAINE DE MAIRIES s'effondrent tandis que le Parti républicain du Peuple (eHP), créé en 1923 par Ataturk et qui se revendiquait comme .t. ...... E 18 avrill999 plus de35 millions en lice, se sont déroulées sous haute social-démocrate ne franchissant pas la •••• . électeurs étaient appelés à se rendre surveillance des forces de sécurité. Elles barre fatidique des 10% des suffrages ne .•... aux urnes pour élire les 550 ont été marquées par la fone poussée des sera pas représenté au Parlement pour la .'. ..... députés de l'Assemblée Nationale, partis turcs ultranationalistes de "gauche" première fois de son histoire. mais aussi renouveler les conseils des 80 (le Parti de la gauche démocratique, OSP, départements, 921 sous-préfectures, 2 270 de M. Bulent Ecevit, 22,6% des voix) et Les islamistes du parti de la Vertu présidents des conseils municipaux, 3 778 d'extrême droite (le Parti de l'Action (Fazilet), successeur du parti Refah, conseillersmunicipaux et 49 580 maires. nationaliste, MHP de M. Oevlet Bahçeli, affectés par l'élimination récente de leurs 18,6% des voix). leaders charismatiques, M. Erbakan et Les élections législatives et municipales l'ex-maire d'Istanbul T. Erdogan, avec un pour lesquelles 21 partis politiques étaient Les deux formations de la droite score de 15,1% perdent plus de 6 points • :} • 111/111'/11/ (II' IlliN/I/ 1'/ (l'IIIFII II/iiI/ii Il nO 1(,R-] (,9. mars-avril 1999 par rapport aux. élections législatives ae tmaïs que l'impOriant élecrorat kurde de . menace-là beaucoup d'habitants des 1995 tout en parvenant à préserver l'Ouest, conscient de l'impossibilité de villageskurdes non encore rayésde la carte l'essentiel de leur influence locale en faire élire un maire ou un député du l'ont entendu de la part des officiers des conservant les municipalités des grandes HADEP dans lesvillescomme Istanbul ou forces spéciales turques venant les avertir villes comme Istanbul, Ankara, Kayseri, Izmir, à farre population immigrée kurde, avant les élections. Et sachant qu'on ne etc... semble avoir préféré voter utile contre le plaisante pas avec les militaires turcs, pour 1 nationalisme turc en votant pour les lisres assurer la survie de leur village et leur .' Au Kurdistan, en dépit d'une fraude du parti de la Vertu. On relève cependant propre survie physique, les uns ont voté en importante pratiquée dans les zones rurales que certains arrondissements kurdes faveur des candidats soutenus par l'armée et dans nombre de districts des provinces d'Izmir, Asarlik, et d'Adana, Kuçukdili, sous des étiquettes politiques variées de Sirnak, Mardin, Urfa, Mus et Batman, ont élu des maires HADEP. (ANAP, MHp, voire DYP), d'autres plus malgré l'incarcération de ses principaux téméraires, en mettant un bulletin blanc dirigeants, les harcèlements policiers, A Mersin, imporrant port de la côte dans l'urne ou en boycottant le scrutin. l'interdiction de ses meetings et la pression méditerranéenne qui a vu sa démographie médiatique hostile, le parti pro-kurde bouleversée au cours de la dernière Un exemple parmi tant de témoignagessur Hadep fait un bon score en obtenant en décennie, à la suite de l'affiux des Kurdes ces drôles d'élections: le village de Sincik, moyenne 30% des suffrages et remporte contraints à l'exode par la guerre, et est du district d'Ergani, dans la province de une quarantaine de municipalités dont progressivement devenue une ville à forte Diyarbakir compte environ 400 électeurs celles de Diyarbakir, Batman, Bingoi, population, probablement à majorité inscrits. Deux urnes y sont installées sous Hakkari, Siirt, Agri, Van. Les villes de kurde, le discours revendicatif du HADEP l'étroite surveillance militaire. Les Dersim (Tunceli) et Mardin ne lui ont a trouvé un large écho. Au point où la liste habitants se présentent pour voter mais le échappé qu'officiellement de quelques du HADEP avait toutes les chances de sergent-chef les avertit d'emblée: chacun dizaines de voix, en raison des bourrages conquérir la mairie. Le dépouillement du doit voter publiquement et montrer le d'urnes lors des opérations de scrutin donnait d'ailleurs au HADEp, une bulletin qu'il met dans l'urne. "Je ne veux dépouillement pratiquées dans les nette avance. Dans la nuit du 19 au 20 pas de voix pour les traîtres du HADEP, commissariats de police. Dans certaines avril, vers 3hOO du matin avec 41 000 sinon votre village sera détruit" tonne-t-il. villes les municipalités ont été attribuées voix, le HADEP était en tête et le DSP de Face à cette terrible menace, les paysans d'office aux candidats des partis arrivés en M. Ecevit avait environ 38 000 voix. Sur refusent de voter. Le dépouillement du second, car le Hadep, arrivé premier, avait intervention du ministre turc de la culture, scrutin donne 4 voix, celles des officiers dû, sous la menace d'assassinat de ses Istemihan Talay,de DSp, présent à Mersin, chargés de ce bureau de vote! édiles, renoncer à y présenter des listes le dépouillement est suspendu pour une municipales ou même tenir le moindre durée de sept heures. Le lendemain, la Ce contexte particulier explique sans meeting électoral. À Sirnak, le candidat suite du dépouillement donne le DSP doute en grande partie le décalageentre le indépendant, Me Hasip Kaplan, soutenu vainqueur et relègue le HADEP en vote urbain et le vote rural au Kurdistan. par le HADEp, n'a même pas été autorisé quatrième position! Pour le HADEp, il ne Ainsi, la liste du HADEP a obtenu 64% par l'armée à mettre les pieds dans sa fait aucun doute que durant la suspension suffragesdans la ville de Diyarbakir tandis circonscription pour déposer sa de sept heures les autorités turques ont qu'elle n'obtenait que 39,9% dans candidature. Il avait- été obligé de remplacé les urnes restant à dépouiller par l'ensemble du département de Diyarbakir s'acquitter par fax de cette formalité. des urnes bourrées de voix DSP. Il y a où les fortes pressions de l'armée ont fraude, et même fraude grossière, clament favorisé les listes des partis turcs. Au final Ses principaux dirigeants nationaux et les dirigeants de ce parti qui ont introduit ce sont d'ailleurs ces partis qui se sont ~ régionaux étant en prison, certains depuis un recours en annulation devant le Haut adjuger tous les siègesde députés. près de deux ans, le HADEP, sous la conseil des élections. Sans illusion menace d'une interdiction imminente de toutefois, car on voit mal l'État turc laisser Autre scène singulière: dans la ville de ~ la Cour constitutionnelle turque, avait dû la mairie d'une ville portuaire stratégique Lice, située à 70 km au nord-est de I I présenter des candidats disponibles, pour aux mains d'une équipe kurde. Diyarbakir, qui avait été en grande partie I la plupart inconnus du public, afin d'offrir détruite par l'armée turque en 1993, et qui à la population la possibilité de ne pas La fraude, courante à l'Ouest, a été depuis étant devenue "une ville interdite voter pour les partis nationalistes turcs. systématique au Kurdistan, notamment aux non habitants", le candidat du Cette politique a reçu une assez large dans les campagnes. "Si vous votezpour le HADEP à la mairie, Zeynel Bagir, a été approbation des électeurs du Kurdistan HADEP, votre village sera détruit": cette triomphalement élu maire alors que même pendant la campagne électorale, il n'avait Diba ERGUN, 31 ans, élue maire de maire une personnalité, Huseyin Yilmaz, pas été autorisé à mettre le pied dans cette Diyadin, dans le département d'Agri, au détenu sans jugement depuis 7 mois pour ville, qui est sa ville natale. Lice est aussi la pied du mont Ararat, et toujours dans le délit d'opinion. Son prédécesseur Zeki ville natale de M. Hikmet çetin, président même département, à quelques kms de la Basaran avait été destitué par le ministre sortant de l'Assemblée Nationale turque République islamique d'Iran, Mme de l'intérieur pour "insult( à Ataturk". qui, quoique d'origine kurde, n'a jamais Mukkades KUBILAY, 44 ans, élue maire été élu député dans une circonscription de Dogubeyazit; Mme Cihan SIN CAR, Le HADEP avec un score national de kurde car pour la plupart, les Kurdes le veuve du député Mehmet Sincar, assassiné 4,7% des voix dans l'ensemble de la considèrent comme un Kurde de service, en 1993, élue maire de Kiziltepe dans le Turquie n'aura pas d'élus au Parlement ou un Kurde alibi du pouvoir turc.
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