The Turkish Foreign Policy Under the Justice and Development Party (AKP): a Paradigm Shift?
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Identity, Narrative and Frames: Assessing Turkey's Kurdish Initiatives
ARTICLE IDENTITY, NARRATIVE AND FRAMES: ASSESSING TURKEY’S KURDISH INITIATIVES Identity, Narrative and Frames: Assessing Turkey’s Kurdish Initiatives JOHANNA NYKÄNEN* ABSTRACT In 2009 the Turkish government launched a novel initiative to tackle the Kurdish question. The initiative soon ran into deadlock, only to be un- tangled towards the end of 2012 when a new policy was announced. This comparative paper adopts Michael Barnett’s trinity of identity, narratives and frames to show how a cultural space within which a peaceful engage- ment with the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) would be deemed legiti- mate and desirable was carved out. Comparisons between the two policies reveal that the framing of policy narratives can have a formative impact on their outcomes. The paper demonstrates how the governing quality of firmness fluctuated between different connotations and references, finally leading back to a deep-rooted tradition in Turkish governance. ince 1984 when the PKK commenced its armed struggle against the Turkish state, Turkish security policies have been framed around the SKurdish question with the PKK presented as the primary security threat to be tackled. Turkey’s Kurdish question has its roots in the founding of the republic in 1923, which saw Kurdish ethnicity assimilated with Turkishness. In accordance with the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), only three minorities were and continue to be officially recognized in Turkey: Armenians, Jews and Greeks. These three groups were granted minority status on the basis of their religion. Kurdish identity – whether national, racial or ethnic – was not recognized by the republic, resulting in decades of uprisings by the Kurds and oppressive and * Department assimilative politics by the state. -
Turkish-American Relations in the Post-Cold War Era, 1990-2005 Isa Afacan [email protected]
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 3-31-2011 Turkish-American Relations in the Post-Cold War Era, 1990-2005 Isa Afacan [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI11041509 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Afacan, Isa, "Turkish-American Relations in the Post-Cold War Era, 1990-2005" (2011). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 347. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/347 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida TURKISH-AMERICAN RELATIONS IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA, 1990-2005 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS by Isa Afacan 2011 To: Dean Kenneth Furton College of Arts and Sciences This dissertation, written by Isa Afacan, and entitled Turkish-American Relations in the post-Cold War Era, 1990-2005, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ Thomas Breslin _______________________________________ Aisha Musa _______________________________________ Charles MacDonald _______________________________________ Mohiaddin Mesbahi, Major Professor Date of Defense: March 31, 2011 The dissertation of Isa Afacan is approved. _______________________________________ Dean Kenneth Furton College of Arts and Sciences _______________________________________ Interim Dean Kevin O’Shea University Graduate School Florida International University, 2011 ii © Copyright 2011 by Isa Afacan All rights reserved. -
2018 YILI FAALİYET RAPORU.Pdf
SAKARYA İL TARIM ve ORMAN MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ 2018 YILI FAALİYET ÖZETİ SAKARYA ARALIK-2018 1 SAKARYA İL TARIM VE ORMAN MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ İl ve İlçe Müdürlükleri Personel Durumu Sakarya İl Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü 1 İl Müdürü, 3 İl Müdür Yardımcısı, 8 Şube Müdürü, 16 İlçe Müdürü yönetiminde toplam 516 personelle hizmetlerini yürütmektedir. Su Ürünleri SAKARYA İL TARIM VE ORMAN Ziraat Vet.Sağ. Ziraat Mühendisi Gıda Mühendisi Müh.- Balıkçılık Veteriner Hekim Teknis/Tekn. Tekns/Tekn. MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ Tek.Müh. Norm 4/A 4/B Norm 4/A 4/B Norm 4/A Norm 4/A 4/B Norm 4/A Norm 4/A ARAZİ TOP. VE TARIM.ALT YAPI ŞB.MD. 14 9 1 - 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 3 2 - 0 ÇAYIR, MERA VE YEM BİT.ŞB. 3 0 - 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 BİTKİSEL ÜRETİM VE SAĞ.ŞB.MD. 26 13 2 - 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 5 3 - 0 HAYVAN SAĞLIĞI YETİŞ.ŞB.MD. 4 0 0 - 0 0 - 0 19 8 6 - 0 5 3 BALIKÇILIK VE SU ÜRÜNLERİ ŞB.MD. - 0 0 - 0 0 8 7 1 0 0 - 0 - 0 KOORDİNASYON VE TAR.VER.ŞB.MD. 5 6 0 - 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 5 2 - 0 KIRSAL KALKINMA VE ÖRGÜT.ŞB.MD. 16 6 0 - 0 0 - 0 2 1 0 4 2 - 0 GIDA VE YEM ŞB.MD. 13 1 1 31 5 5 - 0 19 7 2 - 0 - 0 İL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ TOPLAMI 78 38 4 31 5 5 8 7 41 16 8 17 9 5 3 ADAPAZARI 16 8 3 6 5 1 1 0 19 11 1 6 2 4 2 AKYAZI 12 4 4 2 0 1 2 0 12 6 0 5 1 3 2 ARİFİYE 4 4 1 1 1 0 - 1 2 2 0 2 2 2 1 ERENLER 9 7 1 2 4 0 - 0 9 6 1 6 2 2 0 FERİZLİ 9 1 3 1 0 1 - 0 5 1 0 6 1 3 0 GEYVE 15 2 5 1 0 1 - 0 8 3 3 9 1 3 2 HENDEK 15 8 3 2 0 1 2 0 13 8 1 5 2 3 1 KARAPÜRÇEK 4 3 0 - 0 0 - 0 2 2 1 2 0 2 0 KARASU 19 4 3 2 1 1 3 2 9 5 2 7 1 3 2 KAYNARCA 12 6 3 - 0 0 1 1 11 5 2 7 0 3 2 KOCAALİ 18 3 4 1 0 0 1 0 4 2 1 5 1 2 2 PAMUKOVA 9 3 4 1 0 1 1 0 5 4 1 5 2 3 1 SAPANCA -
1944 Pan-Turanism Movements: from Cultural Nationalism to Political Nationalism
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATION TOM V (3) 2009 VOL. V (3) 2009 1944 PAN-TURANISM MOVEMENTS: FROM CULTURAL NATIONALISM TO POLITICAL NATIONALISM A. Baran Dural ДВИЖЕНИЕТО ПАН-ТУРАНИЗЪМ 1944 г.: ОТ КУЛТУРЕН НАЦИОНАЛИЗЪМ КЪМ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИ НАЦИОНАЛИЗЪМ А. Баран Дурал ABSTRACT: The trial of Turanism in 1944 has a historical importance in terms of nationalism being an ac- tionary movement in Turkish history. When socialism turned out to be a dreadful ideology by getting reactions all over the world, there would not be any more natural attitude than that intellectuals coming from an educa- tion system full of nationalist proposals conflicted with this movement. However, that the same intellectuals crashed the logic of the government saying “if needed, we bring communism, then we deal with it without the help of anyone” was really a dramatic paradox. Movements of Turkism on 3rd of May did not curb the movement of Turkism, on the contrary, the transformation the government avoided most happened and supporters of Turk- ism spread to all parts of the country by politicizing. While Nihal Atsız, one of the nationalist leaders of the time- was summarizing results taken out from the trial process by his ideology, he could not even be regarded unjust in his remarks saying “The 3rd of May became a turning point in the history of Turkism. Turkism, which was only a thought and emotion and which could not go beyond literary and scientific borders, became a movement sud- denly on the 3rd of May, 1944”. Keywords: Turanism Movements, Turk nationalism, one-party ideology, Nihal Atsız, socialism, racism. -
Global Turkey in Europe. Political, Economic, and Foreign Policy
ISSN 2239-2122 9 IAI Research Papers The EU is changing, Turkey too, and - above all - there is systemic change and crisis all G round, ranging from economics, the spread of democratic norms and foreign policy. LOBAL The IAI Research Papers are brief monographs written by one or N.1 European Security and the Future of Transatlantic Relations, This research paper explores how the EU and Turkey can enhance their cooperation in more authors (IAI or external experts) on current problems of inter- T edited by Riccardo Alcaro and Erik Jones, 2011 URKEY GLOBAL TURKEY national politics and international relations. The aim is to promote the political, economic, and foreign policy domains and how they can find a way out of the stalemate EU-Turkey relations have reached with the lack of progress in accession greater and more up to date knowledge of emerging issues and N. 2 Democracy in the EU after the Lisbon Treaty, IN trends and help prompt public debate. edited by Raaello Matarazzo, 2011 negotiations and the increasing uncertainty over both the future of the European project E after the Eurozone crisis and Turkey’s role in it. UROPE IN EUROPE N. 3 The Challenges of State Sustainability in the Mediterranean, edited by Silvia Colombo and Nathalie Tocci, 2011 A non-profit organization, IAI was founded in 1965 by Altiero Spinel- li, its first director. N. 4 Re-thinking Western Policies in Light of the Arab Uprisings, SENEM AYDIN-DÜZGIT is Assistant Professor at the Istanbul Bilgi University and Senior POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND FOREIGN POLICY edited by Riccardo Alcaro and Miguel Haubrich-Seco, 2012 Research Affiliate of the Istanbul Policy Centre (IPC). -
140 Hundert Zuweisen, Ist Also Mithin Nur Wenige Jahre Nach Der
140 LITERATUR hundert zuweisen,ist also mithin nur wenigeJahre nach der Abfassungdes Werkes ent- standen und vermutlich die zweitaltesteder erhaltenen Handschriften. Er ist reich voka- lisiert. Zwar bietet er im allgemeinenden Textus receptus, wie ihn die Wiener Handschrift aufweist,doch rucken ihn zahlreichegemeinsame Varianten in die Nahe des CodexMenzel. Er gehort also tatsachlich zu den "wichtigsten Textzeugen". Nicht allzu haufig sieht sich der mit der islamischen Geschichte befasste Historiker gleich drei verschiedenenTextver6ffentlichungen einer Grundquellegegeniiber. Mit dem Erscheinen des hier angezeigten Buches sind also besonders giinstige Voraussetzungen fur die historischeAuswertung der Chronik des Nesri geschaffen.Man kann daher hoffen, dass das Werk, dem schon öfter die Bemuhungenscharfsinniger Geister gegolten haben, bald neue Bearbeiter finden wird. Dabei konnte die Herausgabe der schon von Menzel vorbereiteten Ubersetzung wesentliche Anregungen geben. Hans Robert Roemer (Mainz) Sir Harry Luke: The Old Turkey and the New. From Byzantium to Ankara. London: Geoffrey Bles 1955. XII, 243 pp. 16 s. (First published in 1936 by MacMillan & Co. Ltd. under the title "The Making of Modern Turkey.") This new editionof Sir Harry's well-knowninterpretation of Ottoman and early republican Turkish history brings back into print a book replete with valuable insights. The author has added a new chapter of I pages to bring his account down to the end of 1954, and embellished this edition with ten illustrations. He has also substituted a dull portrait of sultan Abdul Medjidfor his originalfrontispiece showing "the Khalif Abdul Mejidreceiving homage on his assumption of office in 1922,in the presenceof Rafet [Refet Bele] Pasha, representing the Governmentof Angora" which has considerablymore historical import ance. -
Turkey's Deep State
#1.12 PERSPECTIVES Political analysis and commentary from Turkey FEATURE ARTICLES TURKEY’S DEEP STATE CULTURE INTERNATIONAL POLITICS ECOLOGY AKP’s Cultural Policy: Syria: The Case of the Seasonal Agricultural Arts and Censorship “Arab Spring” Workers in Turkey Pelin Başaran Transforming into the Sidar Çınar Page 28 “Arab Revolution” Page 32 Cengiz Çandar Page 35 TURKEY REPRESENTATION Content Editor’s note 3 ■ Feature articles: Turkey’s Deep State Tracing the Deep State, Ayşegül Sabuktay 4 The Deep State: Forms of Domination, Informal Institutions and Democracy, Mehtap Söyler 8 Ergenekon as an Illusion of Democratization, Ahmet Şık 12 Democratization, revanchism, or..., Aydın Engin 16 The Near Future of Turkey on the Axis of the AKP-Gülen Movement, Ruşen Çakır 18 Counter-Guerilla Becoming the State, the State Becoming the Counter-Guerilla, Ertuğrul Mavioğlu 22 Is the Ergenekon Case an Opportunity or a Handicap? Ali Koç 25 The Dink Murder and State Lies, Nedim Şener 28 ■ Culture Freedom of Expression in the Arts and the Current State of Censorship in Turkey, Pelin Başaran 31 ■ Ecology Solar Energy in Turkey: Challenges and Expectations, Ateş Uğurel 33 A Brief Evaluation of Seasonal Agricultural Workers in Turkey, Sidar Çınar 35 ■ International Politics Syria: The Case of the “Arab Spring” Transforming into the “Arab Revolution”, Cengiz Çandar 38 Turkey/Iran: A Critical Move in the Historical Competition, Mete Çubukçu 41 ■ Democracy 4+4+4: Turning the Education System Upside Down, Aytuğ Şaşmaz 43 “Health Transformation Program” and the 2012 Turkey Health Panorama, Mustafa Sütlaş 46 How Multi-Faceted are the Problems of Freedom of Opinion and Expression in Turkey?, Şanar Yurdatapan 48 Crimes against Humanity and Persistent Resistance against Cruel Policies, Nimet Tanrıkulu 49 ■ News from hbs 53 Heinrich Böll Stiftung – Turkey Representation The Heinrich Böll Stiftung, associated with the German Green Party, is a legally autonomous and intellectually open political foundation. -
A Constitution for the Ottoman Empire
COULD AND SHOULD AMERICA HAVE MADE AN OTTOMAN REPUBLIC IN 1919? PAUL D. CARRINGTON * Generations of American school children have memorized the words of Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence. Its evangelical spirit was echoed in Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address and scores of other presidential addresses. Partly on that account, numerous Americans, perhaps especially American lawyers, have since the 1780s presumed to tell other peoples how to govern themselves. In 2006, that persistent impulse was echoed once again in an address to the American Bar Association by a Justice of the United States Supreme Court. 1 The purpose of this Essay is to question the wisdom of this evangelical ambition. Sometimes cited as examples of successful political evangelism are the constitution of Japan and the Basic Law of Germany. 2 Both of those constitutions were for numerous reasons congenial to the existing local cultures and traditions. 3 The 2003 invasion of Iraq was in important respects a product of the notion that orderly democratic government can be imposed almost anywhere, an idea that seems to have had special appeal to the * Professor of Law, Duke University. This Essay draws passages from my book, SPREADING AMERICA ’S WORD : STORIES OF ITS LAWYER -M ISSIONARIES (2005). Kristin Seeger has provided very valuable assistance in assembling it. Portions of this Essay were published previously in Paul D. Carrington, Mandatory Constitutions , 1 BUCERIUS L.J. 31, 31-38 (2007), and are reprinted herein with grateful acknowledgment. 1. For a video of Justice Kennedy’s keynote address to the ABA, see Justice Kennedy Declares World Jury Still Out on Meaning of Freedom (Aug. -
Refet Bele'nin Askerî Ve Siyasi Hayati (1881–1963)
T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ TÜRK İNKILAP TARİHİ ENSTİTÜSÜ REFET BELE’NİN ASKERÎ VE SİYASİ HAYATI (1881–1963) Yüksek Lisans Tezi Halit KAYA Ankara - 2008 I T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ TÜRK İNKILAP TARİHİ ENSTİTÜSÜ REFET BELE’NİN ASKERÎ VE SİYASİ HAYATI (1881–1963) Yüksek Lisans Tezi Öğrencinin Adı Halit KAYA Tez Danışmanı Prof.Dr. Oğuz AYTEPE Ankara - 2008 II T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ TÜRK İNKILAP TARİHİ ENSTİTÜSÜ REFET BELE’NİN ASKERÎ VE SİYASİ HAYATI (1881–1963) Yüksek Lisans Tezi Tez Danışmanı : Prof.Dr. Oğuz AYTEPE Tez Jürisi Üyeleri Adı ve Soyadı İmzası Prof.Dr. İzzet ÖZTOPRAK ............................. Prof.Dr. Ş.Bige SÜKAN .............................. Prof.Dr. Oğuz AYTEPE ............................. Tez Sınavı Tarihi : 11 Temmuz 2008 Yukarıdaki sonucu onaylarım. Prof. Dr. Temuçin Faik ERTAN Enstitü Müdürü III ÖZET Refet Bele’nin askerî ve siyasi hayatını konu alan bu çalışmamızda amacımız, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluşunda ve sonrasında büyük hizmetleri olan bu şahsiyetin Cumhuriyet tarihindeki yerini ortaya koymaktır. Refet Bele Harp Okulu’ndan mezun olduktan sonra Makedonya’da çetelerle mücadele etmiş, Harp Akademisi’nde eğitimine devam ederken Çanakkale Ordusu ile İtalyan Seferberliği’ne ve daha sonra Balkan Savaşı’na iştirak etmiştir. Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Sina-Filistin Cephesinde, özellikle İkinci Gazze Muharebesi’nde büyük yararlıklar göstermiş ve Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın son günlerinde Jandarma Genel Komutanı olmuştur. Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın daveti üzerine Mustafa Kemal Paşa ile birlikte Samsun’a çıkanlar ve Milli Mücadele’ye ilk katılanlar arasında yerini almıştır. Amasya Tamimi’ni imzalamış ve Sivas Kongresi’nde Heyet-i Temsiliye üyeliğine seçilmiştir. 10 Aralık 1919’da Nazilli’de Aydın Kuvayı Milliye Komutanlığını üstlenmiş ve daha sonra iç isyanların bastırılmasında büyük yararlılıklar göstermiştir. -
The Anatomy of the Turkish Military's Political Autonomy Author(S): Ümit Cizre Sakallioğlu Source: Comparative Politics, Vol
The Anatomy of the Turkish Military's Political Autonomy Author(s): Ümit Cizre Sakallioğlu Source: Comparative Politics, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Jan., 1997), pp. 151-166 Published by: Comparative Politics, Ph.D. Programs in Political Science, City University of New York Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/422077 Accessed: 31-01-2019 14:30 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: https://www.jstor.org/stable/422077?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Comparative Politics, Ph.D. Programs in Political Science, City University of New York is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Comparative Politics This content downloaded from 139.179.72.51 on Thu, 31 Jan 2019 14:30:58 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms The Anatomy of the Turkish Military's Political Autonomy Umit Cizre Sakallioglu The most profound contradiction marking Turkish democracy in the 1990s is the demonstrated inability of civilian politicians to control the military. The Turkish military enjoys a strong degree of military autonomy. -
Turkey and the European Union: the Omesd Tic Politics of Negotiating Pre-Accession Kemal Kirisci Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
Macalester International Volume 15 Hybrid Geographies in the Eastern Article 10 Mediterranean: Views from the Bosphorus Winter 2005 Turkey and the European Union: The omesD tic Politics of Negotiating Pre-Accession Kemal Kirisci Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/macintl Recommended Citation Kirisci, Kemal (2005) "Turkey and the European Union: The omeD stic Politics of Negotiating Pre-Accession," Macalester International: Vol. 15, Article 10. Available at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/macintl/vol15/iss1/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Institute for Global Citizenship at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Macalester International by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Turkey and the European Union: The Domestic Politics of Negotiating Pre-Accession Kemal Kirisci I. Introduction In May 2004, ten countries joined the European Union (EU), to be followed by two more countries most probably in 2007. Turkey, together with Croatia, is the next country in line to enter the pre- accession process for membership. Turkey was given candidate status in December 1999 at the Helsinki European Council summit. How- ever, accession negotiations with Turkey will only start if the European Commission concludes that Turkey has indeed met the Copenhagen political criteria and EU member governments make a positive deci- sion at their European Council meeting in December 2004.1 Unlike the case of other candidate countries, the decision “to give or not to give” a negotiating date to Turkey stands as a very great challenge. -
China at the Gates a New Power Audit of Eu-China Relations
CHINA AT THE GATES A NEW POWER AUDIT OF EU-CHINA RELATIONS François Godement & Abigaël Vasselier ABOUT ECFR The European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) is the first pan-European think-tank. Launched in October 2007, its objective is to conduct research and promote informed debate across Europe on the development of coherent, effective and values- based European foreign policy. ECFR has developed a strategy with three distinctive elements that define its activities: • A pan-European Council. ECFR has brought together a distinguished Council of over two hundred Members - politicians, decision makers, thinkers and business people from the EU’s member states and candidate countries - which meets once a year as a full body. Through geographical and thematic task forces, members provide ECFR staff with advice and feedback on policy ideas and help with ECFR’s activities within their own countries. The Council is chaired by Carl Bildt, Emma Bonino and Mabel van Oranje. • A physical presence in the main EU member states. ECFR, uniquely among European think-tanks, has offices in Berlin, London, Madrid, Paris, Rome, Sofia and Warsaw. Our offices are platforms for research, debate, advocacy and communications. • Developing contagious ideas that get people talking. ECFR has brought together a team of distinguished researchers and practitioners from all over Europe to carry out innovative research and policy development projects with a pan-European focus. ECFR produces original research; publishes policy reports; hosts private meetings, public debates, and “friends of ECFR” gatherings in EU capitals; and reaches out to strategic media outlets. ECFR is a registered charity funded by the Open Society Foundations and other generous foundations, individuals and corporate entities.