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Final NLX Phase I & II Architectural History Report

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Final NLX Phase I & II Architectural History Report PHASE I AND II ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY SURVEY FOR THE NORTHERN LIGHTS EXPRESS PROJECT, ANOKA, CARLTON, HENNEPIN, ISANTI, KANABEC, PINE, AND ST. LOUIS COUNTIES, MINNESOTA, AND DOUGLAS COUNTY, WISCONSIN VOLUME I Minnesota S.P. No. TCP-NLX-12A MnDOT Contract No. 99517 Minnesota SHPO File No. 2010-0080 Wisconsin SHPO File No. 12-0089/DG May 2013 PHASE I AND II ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY SURVEY FOR THE NORTHERN LIGHTS EXPRESS PROJECT, ANOKA, CARLTON, HENNEPIN, ISANTI, KANABEC, PINE, AND ST. LOUIS COUNTIES, MINNESOTA, AND DOUGLAS COUNTY, WISCONSIN VOLUME I Minnesota S.P. No. TCP-NLX-12A MnDOT Contract No. 99517 Minnesota SHPO File No. 2010-0080 Wisconsin SHPO File No. 12-0089/DG SRF Project No. 6894 (WI) The 106 Group Project No. 1226-1333 (MN) & 1226-1334 (WI) Submitted to: Minnesota Department of Transportation Passenger Rail Office, MS 480 395 John Ireland Blvd. St. Paul, MN 55155-1899 and SRF Consulting Group, Inc. One Carlson Parkway North Suite 150 Minneapolis, MN 55110-5108 Submitted by: The 106 Group Ltd. The Dacotah Building 370 Selby Avenue St. Paul, MN 55102 Principal Investigator: Saleh Miller, M.S. Report Authors: Saleh Miller, M.S. Kathryn Ohland, M.S. Katherine Scott, B.S. Kelli Andre Kellerhals, M.S. Neela Wickremesinghe, M.S. May 2013 Northern Lights Express Project Phase I and II Architectural History Survey Page i MANAGEMENT SUMMARY The Minneapolis-Duluth/Superior Passenger Rail Alliance (Alliance) is proposing to construct the Northern Lights Express (NLX) project, a high-speed passenger railroad from the Twin Cities to the Duluth/Superior area. The Alliance has identified a preferred route alternative which follows the existing Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway (BNSF) corridor from the station in Minneapolis (MTI) northeast to Union Depot in Duluth. Route No. 9, the preferred alternative, is a 151-mile corridor that roughly parallels State Highway 65 and 23 through Hennepin, Anoka, Isanti, Kanabec, Pine, Carlton, Douglas (Wisconsin), and St. Louis counties and terminates in Duluth. The proposed project is receiving funding from the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and therefore, must comply with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended (Section 106). The Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) is acting as the responsible government unit at the state level. In 2009-2010, The 106 Group Ltd. (106 Group) conducted a cultural resources literature review for the five proposed alternatives to aid in analyzing and selecting a preferred alternative. The cultural resources literature review consisted of a review of the Minnesota and Wisconsin State Historic Preservation Offices (SHPO) records to identify known archaeological sites and architecture history resources along each route alternative. Specifically, the review included those resources that are listed in or may be eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and known Native American mounds sites that will likely require additional cultural resources review and consultation, and may hinder the use of a particular route. In addition, a Phase I architectural history desktop review was completed of the historic railroad lines for each route alternative to determine if the they are potentially eligible for inclusion in the NRHP, as well as to identify possible railroad-related resources within the right-of-way (ROW) that may contribute to a line’s potential historical significance. In 2011, after the preferred alternative (Route No. 9) was selected, the 106 Group developed an area of potential effect (APE) in consultation with the MnDOT Cultural Resources Unit (CRU). The APE for architectural history resources accounts for any physical, auditory, or visual impacts to historic properties. The APE includes approximately 19,316.47 acres (7,817.11 hectares). This current investigation, which began in the fall of 2011, included a Phase I architectural history survey in order to identify all architectural history properties within the APE that are potentially eligible for inclusion in the NRHP. The architectural history survey was conducted under contract with MnDOT for the Minnesota portion of the route and SRF Consulting Group, Inc. for the Wisconsin portion of the route, on behalf of the Alliance. All architectural history resources constructed in 1966 or prior were documented during the survey. Saleh Miller, M.S., served as principal investigator for architectural history. Northern Lights Express Project Phase I and II Architectural History Survey Page ii During the Phase I architectural history survey, the 106 Group documented 1,823 properties within the APE for Route No. 9 (1,597 in Minnesota and 226 in Wisconsin). Of these 1,823 properties, 23 currently extant architectural history properties (21 in Minnesota and two in Wisconsin) located within the APE have been previously listed or determined eligible for listing in the NRHP by the SHPO’s. Eleven of these properties have been listed in the NRHP, including two historic districts which encompass 68 associated properties that are located within the APE. The 12 determined eligible properties consist of railroad corridors, bridges, and ore docks. Of the remaining 1,732 properties, 31 individual properties (six of which were also evaluated as part of a potential district), two non-railroad historic districts (encompassing 31 resources in total, one of which is also individually listed in the NRHP), seven railroad bridges that are associated with previously determined eligible railroad corridor historic districts, and five railroad corridor historic districts (encompassing 37 railroad-related resources in total) were recommended as potentially eligible during the Phase I survey and therefore a Phase II evaluation was conducted for these properties. The remaining 1,625 properties (1,409 in Minnesota and 216 in Wisconsin) were recommended as not eligible due to a lack of historical significance and/or a loss of integrity. Subsequently, in 2012-2013 a Phase II architectural history evaluation was conducted for all of the recommended potentially eligible properties that were identified in the Phase I survey that have potential for inclusion in the NRHP. The architectural history evaluation was conducted under contract with MnDOT for the Minnesota portion of the route and SRF Consulting Group, Inc. for the Wisconsin portion of the route, on behalf of the Alliance. During the Phase II architectural history evaluation, three railroad corridor historic districts (encompassing 33 railroad-related resources) and 11 individual properties (one of which is also a railroad-related resource within a recommended eligible railroad corridor historic district) were recommended as eligible for listing in the NRHP. Of the seven railroad bridges that are associated with previously determined eligible railroad corridor historic districts, six were recommended as contributing and one as non-contributing. The two non-railroad historic districts (encompassing 31 resources in total), two railroad corridor historic districts (encompassing four railroad-related resources in total), and 19 individual properties (five of which were also evaluated as a resource within one of the not eligible districts) were recommended as not eligible for listing in the NRHP. The individual eligibility of one property (PN-FNT-009) could not be determined due to a lack of access to the property. The Keeper of the NRHP considers linear resources such as railroads, pipelines, and highways to potentially be historic resources and has listed a number of railroads and highways in the NRHP. However, the SHPO in the two states through which the proposed project passes have varying approaches to documenting and considering linear resources such as railroads. The Minnesota SHPO considers railroads, as well as their associated above-ground features, to be architectural history resources. The Wisconsin SHPO does not consider railroads to be cultural resources and, therefore, does not include them in its state architectural history or archaeology databases. However, the Wisconsin SHPO does consider above-ground properties associated with railroads, such as depots or bridges as cultural resources and does include them in its state architectural history inventory. Therefore, in Northern Lights Express Project Phase I and II Architectural History Survey Page iii order to maintain consistency in reporting across all portions of this multi-state project and to ensure compliance with federal regulations, railroads have been included in this evaluation. Since the bulk of the proposed project area is located in Minnesota and the MnDOT is acting as the responsible government unit at the state level, the report structure follows the Minnesota SHPO guidelines by including all linear resources in sections relating to architectural history. In addition, railroad and rail-related resources were evaluated within the National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form: Railroads in Minnesota, 1862-1956 due to overlapping rail corridors in both states, with the majority located in Minnesota, and again to maintain consistency in reporting and evaluation of historic resources. Northern Lights Express Project Phase I and II Architectural History Survey Page iv TABLE OF CONTENTS MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... i LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................
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