Unca Don and Unca Scrooge's Guide to History

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Unca Don and Unca Scrooge's Guide to History UNIVERSITY OF TURKU Unca Don and Unca Scrooge’s Guide to History Representations of the Past in the Disney Comics of Don Rosa School of History, Culture and Arts Studies European Heritage, Digital Media and the Information Society Master’s Thesis Petra Kotro April 2011 UNIVERSITY OF TURKU Faculty of Humanities School of History, Culture and Arts Studies KOTRO, PETRA: Unca Don and Unca Scrooge’s Guide to History . Representations of the Past in the Disney Comics of Don Rosa. Master’s Thesis, 124 pages. European Heritage, Digital Media and the Information Society April 2011 This thesis studies the various forms and layers of representations of the past that can be found in the Disney comics of Don Rosa. To stay true to the legacy of renowned comic book artist Carl Barks, Rosa has stopped time in the duck universe to the 1950’s: the decade when Barks created his most noted stories. There is a special feel of historicalness in Rosa’s duck stories, as his characters recall events that occurred in both Rosa’s own stories as well as Barks’. Rosa has shed new light to the past of the characters by writing and illustrating the history of Scrooge McDuck, one of the most beloved Disney characters. Rosa is also adamant that the historical facts used in his stories are always correct and based on thorough research. The methodological tools used in the analysis of the comics come from the fields of comic book studies, film theory, and history culture. Film and comics are recognized by many scholars as very similar media, which share elements that make them comparable in many ways. This thesis utilizes studies on historical film, narrative and genre, which provide valuable insight and comparisons for analysis. The thesis consists of three main chapters, the first of which deconstructs the duck universe in the stories in order to understand how the historicalness in them is created, and which outside elements might affect them, including the genre of Disney comics, publishers, and the legacy of Barks. The next chapter focuses on The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck series, i.e. the stories which are located in the past. Such stories feature similar representations of history as for example Westerns. They also compress and alter history to meet the restrictions of the medium of comics. The last part focuses on the adventure stories which draw inspiration from for example mythology, and take the characters to strange and mystical, but yet historical worlds. Such treasure-hunting stories show similarity to the action-adventure genre in film and for example their stereotypical representations of foreign cultures. Finally, the chapter addresses the problematic of historical fiction and its capability to write history. Keywords: comics, comic books, Disney, historical fiction, historical culture, imaginary history, mythology. TURUN YLIOPISTO Humanistinen tiedekunta Historian, kulttuurin ja taiteiden tutkimuksen laitos KOTRO, PETRA: Unca Don and Unca Scrooge’s Guide to History . Representations of the Past in the Disney Comics of Don Rosa. Pro Gradu -tutkielma, 124 sivua. European Heritage, Digital Media and the Information Society Huhtikuu 2011 Tässä tutkielmassa analysoidaan menneisyyden representoinnin eri tasoja ja muotoja Don Rosan Disney-sarjakuvissa. Jatkaakseen tunnetun sarjakuvataiteilijan Carl Barksin perintöä, Rosa on pysäyttänyt ajan ankkojen maailmassa 1950-luvulle, aikaan, jolloin Barks kirjoitti tunnetuimmat tarinansa. Rosan ankkatarinoissa on omanlaisensa historiallisuuden tunne, sillä tämän ankat muun muassa muistavat tapahtumia niin Rosan omista, kuin Barksin tarinoista. Rosa on myös valottanut hahmojen menneisyyttä uudella tavalla kirjoittamalla Roope Ankan historian omiksi tarinoikseen. Rosa myös painottaa usein, kuinka hänen käyttämänsä historialliset faktat ovat aina tosia ja pohjautuvat perusteelliseen tutkimukseen. Tutkimuksen metodologiset keinot pohjautuvat sarjakuvan, elokuvan, ja historiakulttuurin tutkimukseen. Elokuva ja sarjakuva ovat monien tutkijoiden mukaan hyvin samankaltaisia medioita, ja niiden yhtäläisyydet tekevät niistä verrannollisia tutkimuskohteita monin tavoin. Tässä työssä analyysin apuna käytetään muun muassa historiallista elokuvaa, narratiiveja, ja genrejä käsitteleviä tutkimuksia. Tutkielma jakautuu kolmeen käsittelylukuun, joista ensimmäisessä pohditaan, mitkä tekijät vaikuttavat Rosan tarinoiden ankkamaailman ja sen historiallisuuden rakentumiseen. Näihin tekijöihin kuuluvat muun muassa kustantajat, Disney- sarjakuvien geneerinen luonne, ja Barksin tarinoista juontuva intertekstuaalisuus. Seuraava käsittelyluku keskittyy Roope Ankan elämä ja teot -sarjan analyysiin, eli tarinoihin, jotka sijoittuvat menneisyyteen myös ankkojen näkökulmasta. Kyseisissä tarinoissa on havaittavissa representaation muotoja, joita esiintyy esimerkiksi lännenelokuvissa. Tarinoissa myös tiivistetään ja muokataan historiallisia elementtejä, jotta tarinankulku sopisi paremmin sarjakuvan rajoittuneeseen esittämistapaan. Viimeinen osio käsittelee seikkailullisia tarinoita, joiden juonet pohjautuvat esimerkiksi mytologioihin. Näissä usein aarteenetsintään liittyvissä tarinoissa toistuvat esimerkiksi vieraiden kulttuurien representaatiot, joita esiintyy myös niin sanotuissa toimintaseikkailuelokuvissa. Lopuksi tutkielmassa pohditaan historiallisen fiktion problematiikkaa. Asiasanat: sarjakuvat, myytit, historiallinen fiktio, historiakulttuuri, Disney, kuviteltu historia. Table of Contents 1. IntroDUCKtion ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Don Rosa as comic book artist .................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Research questions and primary materials......................................................................... 3 1.3. Methodology and previous research ...................................................................................... 5 1.4. To be continued… The comic book as a medium ............................................................ 11 2. Deconstructing the duck universe in Don Rosa’s comics ................................ 16 2.1. From underground fanzines to major publishing house in Scandinavia............. 16 2.2. The legacy of Carl Barks ........................................................................................................... 19 2.2.1. Sequels or re-writes? ......................................................................................................................... 23 2.3. The Disney universe .................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.1. The nostalgia of the 1950’s in Duckburg, Calisota.............................................................. 32 3. The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck – Historical tales, truths, and memories .......................................................................................................................... 35 3.1. From westerns to Citizen Kane with the help of heirlooms & button-nosed presidents ................................................................................................................................................ 35 3.1.1. Family heritage as motif ................................................................................................................... 39 3.1.2. Western adventures ........................................................................................................................... 42 3.1.3. From a poor prospector to a wealthy land owner .............................................................. 45 3.2. The invention of history ............................................................................................................ 52 3.2.1. Alteration and compression in “The Cowboy Captain of the Cutty Sark”............... 55 3.3. The past as memories ................................................................................................................ 64 3.3.1. Experiencing the past in the dream world in “The Dream of a Lifetime” ............... 71 4. Treasure hunting and adventures: Indiana Jones meets the Junior Woodchucks ..................................................................................................................... 76 4.1. The action-adventure genre in historical fiction ........................................................... 76 4.2. Knowledge is power – legitimating historical ‘facts’ in the narration ................. 81 4.3. Mythological menagerie –European heritage and mythology in imaginary fantasies ................................................................................................................................................... 87 4.3.1. Mythology comes to life in “The Quest for Kalevala” ........................................................ 87 4.3.2. Travelling into the past in “The Once and Future Duck” ................................................. 95 4.4. The possibilities and pitfalls of historical fiction ......................................................... 102 6. To be concluded… .................................................................................................... 111 Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 115 List of Images ................................................................................................................. 123 1 “Wow!
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