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L'astrofilo Gennaio-Febbraio 2019 cover IT.qxp_l'astrofilo 24/12/2018 15:04 Page 54 LA RIVISTA MULTIMEDIALE GRATUITA DI ASTRONOMIA CHE TI AGGIORNA SUGLI ULTIMI AVVENIMENTI EXTRATERRESTRI |’ 2 ASTROFILO PUNTO bimestrale di informazione scientifica e tecnica ● gennaio-febbraio 2019 ● € 0,00 0 Barnard’s Star b, la super-Terra più vicina Bennu, Didymooon ee llaa ddiiffeessaa ppllaanneettaarriiaa I pianeti di TRAPPIST-1 rilanciano la panspermia • Le osservazioni più dettagliate del materiale in orbita vicino a un buco nero • Due stelle quasi a contatto in una nebulosa planetaria • CERN, ALMA ed ESO lanciano il programma d’arte Symmetry • Hubble rivela una gigantesca “ombra di pipistrello” cosmica • Gaia scopre un evento nella formazione della Via Lattea www.astropublishing.com ✶✶www.facebook.com/astropublishing [email protected] colophon IT_l'astrofilo 24/12/2018 15:04 Page 2 Dall Kirkham 350 mm f/20 OSTRUZIONE 23% ottica in Supremax 33 di Schott Struttura in carbonio - Cella a 18 punti flottanti - Messa a fuoco motorizzata da 2,5" Feather Touch - Sistema di ventilazione e aspirazione dello strato limite Peso 34 kg. Disponibile anche nelle versioni Newton f/4.1 con correttore da 3" Ritchey Chrétien f/9 con correttore/riduttore Cassegrain Classico f/15 www.northek.it - www.facebook.com/northek.it - [email protected] - phone +39 01599521 colophon IT_l'astrofilo 24/12/2018 15:04 Page 3 l’ ASTROFILO S O M M A R I O bimestrale di informazione scientifica e tecnica Barnard’s Star b, la super-Terra più vicina Anno XII Numero 1 La Stella di Barnard, che da oltre un secolo detiene il record della stella con il più veloce moto proprio ap- Gennaio-Febbraio 2019 parente del cielo notturno, ospita una fredda super-Terra che potrebbe essere presto fotografata diretta- 4 mente. Questo pianeta è il secondo più vicino fra quelli extrasolari conosciuti e un giorno forse diventerà... Le osservazioni più dettagliate del materiale in orbita vicino a un buco nero Lo strumento GRAVITY dell’ESO, installato sul VLTI (l’interferometro del Very Large Telescope) è stato usato dai ricercatori di un consorzio di istituti europei, tra cui l’ESO, per osservare lampi di radiazione in- 12 frarossa provenienti dal disco di accrescimento intorno a Sagittarius A*, l’oggetto massiccio nel cuore... La mappa della temperatura di Europa La gelida luna di Giove Europa ha un terreno superficiale caotico, che appare fratturato e incrinato, sug- gerendo una lunga storia di attività geologica. Una nuova serie di quattro immagini di Europa riprese 16 con l’Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) ha aiutato gli astronomi a creare la prima... Due stelle quasi a contatto in una nebulosa planetaria Un gruppo internazionale di astronomi, guidato dall’Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) e dal ricer- Direttore Responsabile catore David Jones dell’Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), ha scoperto un sistema binario con un periodo Michele Ferrara 20 orbitale di poco più di tre ore. La scoperta, che ha coinvolto diversi anni di campagne di osservazione... Consulente Scientifico Prof. Enrico Maria Corsini Bennu, Didymoon e la difesa planetaria Editore La sonda OSIRIS-REx ha raggiunto la sua meta, l’asteroide Bennu, ed è entrata nella fase scientifica. Astro Publishing di Pirlo L. Questa missione, assieme a quella della sonda Hayabusa2 attorno all’asteroide Ryugu e ad altre in fase Via Bonomelli, 106 - 25049 Iseo - BS avanzata di progettazione sono espressione della volontà di difendere il nostro pianeta da possibili... email [email protected] 22 Distribuzione CERN, ALMA ed ESO lanciano il programma d’arte Symmetry Gratuita a mezzo Internet Il programma Symmetry è stato lanciato per favorire lo scambio interdisciplinare tra artisti e scienziati che Internet Service Provider lavorano o vivono in Cile e Svizzera. Unisce il soggiorno di due artisti in tre dei più affascinanti centri di Aruba S.p.A. 32 ricerca scientifica del mondo: il Large Hadron Collider del CERN, a Ginevra, in Svizzera, e gli osservatori... Via San Clemente, 53 24036 Ponte San Pietro - BG ALMA e MUSE scoprono una fontana galattica Registrazione Tribunale di Brescia A solo un miliardo di anni luce di distanza, nel vicino ammasso di galassie noto come Abell 2597, giace una gigantesca fontana galattica. Un massiccio buco nero nel cuore di una galassia lontana è stato osservato numero di registro 51 del 19/11/2008 36 mentre lancia nello spazio un ampio getto di gas molecolare freddo, che in seguito ricade sul buco nero... Copyright I diritti di proprietà intellettuale di tutti i testi, le immagini e altri mate- I pianeti di TRAPPIST-1 rilanciano la panspermia riali contenuti nella rivista sono di “Una volta che tutti i nostri tentativi di ottenere materia vivente da materia inanimata risultino vani, a me proprietà dell’editore o sono inclusi pare rientri in una procedura scientifica pienamente corretta il domandarsi se la vita abbia in realtà mai con il permesso del relativo proprieta- avuto un’origine, se non sia vecchia quanto la materia stessa, e se le spore non possano essere state tra... rio. Non è consentita la riproduzione 38 di nessuna parte della rivista, sotto nessuna forma, senza l’autorizzazione scritta dell’editore. L’editore si rende Hubble rivela una gigantesca “ombra di pipistrello” cosmica disponibile con gli aventi diritto per Il telescopio spaziale Hubble ha catturato parte della meravigliosa Nebulosa Serpente, illuminata dalla stella eventuale materiale non identificato. HBC 672. Questa giovane stella getta un’ombra sorprendente, soprannominata Ombra del Pipistrello, sulla nebulosa dietro di essa, mostrando segni rivelatori del suo altrimenti invisibile disco protoplanetario... The publisher makes available itself 46 with having rights for possible not characterized iconographic sources. Gaia scopre un evento nella formazione della Via Lattea Pubblicità - Advertising La missione Gaia dell’ESA ha fatto un grande passo avanti nel dipanare la storia della formazione della Via Astro Publishing di Pirlo L. Lattea. Invece di formarsi da sola, la nostra galassia si è fusa con un’altra grande galassia all’inizio della Via Bonomelli, 106 - 25049 Iseo - BS 48 sua vita, circa 10 miliardi di anni fa. Le prove sono disseminate nel cielo tutto intorno a noi, ma c’è... email [email protected] barnardstar IT_l'Astrofilo 24/12/2018 15:26 Page 4 4 PLANETOLOGIA Barnard’sStarb, la super-Terra più vicina di Michele Ferrara La Stella di Barnard, che da oltre un secolo detiene il record della stella con il più veloce moto pro- prio apparente del cielo notturno, ospita una fredda super-Terra che potrebbe essere presto fotogra- fata direttamente. Questo pianeta è il secondo più vicino fra quelli extrasolari conosciuti e un giorno forse diventerà la destinazione di una delle prime sonde interstellari. l’ASTROFILO GENNAIO-FEBBRAIO 2019 barnardstar IT_l'Astrofilo 24/12/2018 15:26 Page 5 PLANETOLOGIA 5 a stella singola più vicina oco più di un secolo fa, l’astronomo americano Edward Emerson Bar- L al Sole ospita un esopia- nard, già famoso per aver scoperto una quindicina di comete, misurò neta almeno 3,2 volte più il moto proprio di una stellina di magnitudine 9,5 nella costellazione massiccio della Terra, una P di Ofiuco, ottenendo un valore sorprendente: 10,3 arcosecondi per anno. cosiddetta super-Terra. Barnard aveva scoperto la stella più veloce di tutto il cielo notturno, così ve- Dati ottenuti da una serie di telescopi, tra cui lo strumento loce da coprire un angolo grande come la Luna piena in 180 anni. Solitamente, HARPS dell’ESO, hanno rive- più un oggetto appare muoversi rapidamente in cielo, più è vicino all’osser- lato questo mondo congelato vatore, e infatti quella stella è risultata distare appena 6 anni luce. Soltanto e scarsamente illuminato. le componenti del sistema triplo di Alfa Centauri sono più vicine al Sole. Il pianeta appena scoperto è il secondo esopianeta noto più vicino alla Terra e orbita attorno alla stella più veloce del cielo notturno. Questa immagine di fantasia mostra la superficie del pianeta. [ESO/M. Kornmesser] A destra, un video della serie ESOcast Light che presenta la scoperta di Barnard’s Star b. [ESO] GENNAIO-FEBBRAIO 2019 l’ASTROFILO barnardstar IT_l'Astrofilo 24/12/2018 15:26 Page 6 Il veloce moto proprio e la relativa vicinanza neta in orbita attorno alla Stella di Barnard. appresenta- di quella stella hanno reso ancor più celebre Esaminando lastre fotografiche prese fra il Rzione grafica Barnard, il cui nome fu da allora indissolubil- 1916 e il 1962, l’astronomo notò delle pic- delle distanze rela- mente legato a quell’astro. cole oscillazioni nel moto rettilineo della tive fra le stelle Oggi sappiamo che la Stella di Barnard è una stella, interpretabili con la presenza di un più vicine e il Sole. La stella di Barnard tipica nana rossa, sensibilmente più vecchia corpo 1,6 volte più massiccio di Giove, che da è il secondo siste- del Sole e quindi più tranquilla delle giovani una distanza di 4,4 UA tirava la stella verso ma stellare più vi- nane rosse sulla cui superficie si verificano di sé ruotandole attorno. L’annuncio della cino al Sole, e la non di rado brillamenti particolarmente in- scoperta ebbe una risonanza notevole, per- stella singola più tensi. L’ultimo di questi eventi sulla Stella di ché all’epoca gli unici pianeti conosciuti era- vicina alla Terra Barnard si verificò una ventina di anni fa e no quelli del nostro sistema solare, e a dir la (dopo il Sole). raddoppiò la temperatura superficiale. verità si sapeva poco anche di quelli. [IEEC/Science-Wave Nei decenni che seguirono la scoperta di Come consuetudine, altri astronomi si mi- – Guillem Ramisa] Barnard, l’astrometria continuò a essere fon- sero al lavoro per verificare la scoperta, e A sinistra, l’eleva- damentale nel lavoro di molti astronomi, che negli anni ‘70 divenne evidente che le ano- to moto proprio proseguirono nella misurazione delle posi- malie riscontrate da van de Kamp non erano della stella V2500 zioni della stella sulle dell’Ofiuco, o Stel- la di Barnard, dagli lastre fotografiche, al anni ‘50 al 2018.
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