DOCSLIB.ORG

Stichopus Japonicus): a Review Gun-Woo Oh1,2, Seok-Chun Ko2, Dong Hee Lee3, Soo-Jin Heo4 and Won-Kyo Jung1,2*

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Stichopus Japonicus): a Review Gun-Woo Oh1,2, Seok-Chun Ko2, Dong Hee Lee3, Soo-Jin Heo4 and Won-Kyo Jung1,2* Oh et al. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (2017) 20:28 DOI 10.1186/s41240-017-0071-y REVIEW Open Access Biological activities and biomedical potential of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus): a review Gun-Woo Oh1,2, Seok-Chun Ko2, Dong Hee Lee3, Soo-Jin Heo4 and Won-Kyo Jung1,2* Abstract Members of the phylum Echinodermata, commonly known as echinoderms, are exclusively marine invertebrates. Among the Echinodermata, sea cucumber belongs to the family Holothuroidea. The sea cucumber Stichopus (Apostichous) japonicus (Selenka) is an invertebrate animal inhabiting the coastal sea around Korean, Japan, China, and Russia. Sea cucumber has a significant commercial value, because it contains valuable nutrients such as vitamins and minerals. They possess a number of distinctive biologically and pharmacologically important compounds. In particular, the body wall of sea cucumber is a major edible part. It consists of peptide, collagen, gelatin, polysaccharide, and saponin, which possess several biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-coagulation, anti-oxidation, and anti- osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, the regenerative capacity of sea cucumber makes it a medically important organism. This review presents the various biological activities and biomedical potential of sea cucumber S. japonicus. Keywords: Biomedical potential, Biological activities, Marine invertebrate, Sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus Background In particular, the sea cucumber Stichopus (Aposti- Members of the phylum Echinodermata, commonly chous) japonicus (Selenka) is an invertebrate animal known as echinoderms, are exclusively marine inverte- inhabiting the coastal sea around Korean, Japan, China, brates. There are about 7000 species of echinoderms and Russia from a latitude of 35° N to at least 44° N worldwide and are divided into five classes including cri- (Kan-no and Kijima 2003; Bai et al. 2015). It is one of noids, asteroids, ophiuroids, echinoids and holothuroids the highest commercially valuable species as seafood, (Dupont et al. 2010). Echinoderms occupy an important and based on its color, it is divided into three groups evolutionary position in understanding the origin and such as red, green, and black. The color variation affects evolution of vertebrates (Du et al. 2012). Sea cucumber the price and taste of the sea cucumber products; the belongs to the family Holothuroidea. The majority of sea red sea cucumber is more expensive than the green or cucumber are deposit feeders and, play important roles black one (Li and Li 2010). The body wall of the sea cu- in aquaculture system as environmental cleaners because cumber is a major edible part and consists mainly of col- they swallow the sediments, organic matter extracts, lagen and mucopolysaccharides (Duan et al. 2010). In protozoa, benthic microalgae, and detritus of macroalgae addition, the body wall with peptide, collagen, gelatin, (Gao et al. 2011b; Yang et al. 2006). Approximately polysaccharide, and saponin has several biological activ- 1250 species of sea cucumber have been identified on ities such as anticancer, anticoagulation, anti-oxidation, the sea floor worldwide, of which about 20 species and anti-osteoclastogenesis (Kariya et al. 2004; Lu et al. are edible (Jo et al. 2016). 2010; Zhou et al. 2012; Yang et al. 2015a). Furthermore, sea cucumbers have high applications in the biomedical * Correspondence: [email protected] field because of their regenerative capacities as they can 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated regenerate tissues and organs within a few months Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea (Zohdi et al. 2011). 2Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Oh et al. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (2017) 20:28 Page 2 of 17 Food industrial importance of sea cucumber cucumbers are one of the potential high food and medi- Sea cucumber fisheries have rapidly expanded worldwide cinal in Asia and reported with relatively high economic in the catch and value over the past two to three decades and food value. They have been recognized in folk medi- (Anderson et al. 2011). It has a significant commercial cine systems of Asian countries and as having an im- value because it has high valuable nutrient content of vi- pressive range of medicinal health functions for tamins and minerals, and a number of distinctive bio- nourishing the body, detoxifying the kidneys, moistening logically and pharmacologically bioactive compounds. dryness of the intestines, treatment of stomach ulcers, Sea cucumber provides a source of nutrition to perhaps asthma, antihypertension, rheumatism and wound heal- more than one billion Asian consumers and around ing (Alves RRN, and Rosa IL 2012). The therapeutic 10,000 t of dried sea cucumber is traded internationally properties and medicinal benefits of sea cucumbers can per annum (Purcell et al. 2016). They are usually proc- be linked to the presence of a wide array of bioactive essed into a frozen, cooked-dried, cooked-salted, and (Bordbar et al. 2011). Nutritionally, a number of unique cooked-salted-dried products (Aydin et al. 2011). How- biological and pharmacological activities and have vari- ever, almost sea cucumber exported in dried products ous bioactive components such as peptides, fatty acids, form and a small quantity of fresh and frozen products glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin/fucan sulfates), nor- form. Nearly 90% of this trade takes place in the Asian triterpene/triterpene glycosides, other extracts, and hy- Far East where China Hong Kong SAR and Singapore drolysates (Table 2). A number of important bioactive dominate the business and China PR remains the main compounds identified in S. japonicus are listed in consuming country (Ferdouse 2004). Table 3. The proximate composition of sea cucumbers differs depending upon the seasonal variations, geographical lo- Biological activities cation, and feeding regimes. Table 1 shows that moisture α-Glucosidase inhibition of wet sea cucumber and protein, ash, and fat contents Diabetes is one of the most serious, chronic disease and of dried sea cucumber vary from 90.8 to 93.4, 29.9 to causes enormous human suffering in the form of blind- 48.1, 18.4 to 47.8, and 1.3 to 7.0%, respectively. In ness, kidney failure, amputations, and increased risk of addition, proximate composition of wet matter showed coronary artery disease and stroke (Taylor 1999). There that moisture, protein, ash, fat, and carbohydrates con- are two common forms of diabetes: type 1 diabetes, tents of dried sea cucumber vary from 80.2 to 93, 1.1 to which is insulin dependent, and type 2, which is non- 5.4, 2.4 to 6.9, 0.1 to 2.2 and 0.2 to 0.6%, respectively. insulin dependent. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form, accounting for 90–95% of all cases of diabetes (Moller 2001). In type 2 diabetes, control of glucose level Bioactive components and pharmaceutical industrial is a major focus in disease management. α-Glucosidase importance of sea cucumber is a key carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes involved in Many marines derived naturally compounds are of great carbohydrate breakdown and absorption in the digestive interest for a potential new ingredient for various indus- tract (Heo et al. 2009). Therefore, α-glucosidase inhibitor trial applications. Among the marine invertebrate, sea such as acarbose, miglitol, and voglibose are widely used Table 1 Proximate composition of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus in the various papers Water (%) Protein (%) Ash (%) Lipid (%) Carbohydrate (%) Ref. 92 – 93a 2.2–3.4a 2.7–3.4a 0.1–0.4a – (Dong et al. 2006) 92.1–93.4a 30.0–37.9b 38.7–44.2b 2.9–7.0b – (Okorie et al. 2008) 92.1–92.9a 29.9–32.8b 39.5–47.8b 2.8–5.4b – (Ko et al. 2009) 92.3a 3.1a 3.6a 0.3a – (Choi et al. 2009) – 32 – 33b 45 – 46b 1.3–2.1b – (Seo et al. 2011) 90.5–91.7a 4.1–4.6a 2.4–2.6a 0.2a 0.2a (Jiang et al. 2013) 80.2–91.5a 1.1–4.0a 2.5–6.9a 0.1–2.2a – (Lee et al. 2012) 89.0–91.9a 3.5–5.4a 2.9–3.4a 0.1–0.5a 0.2–0.6a (Gao et al. 2011a) 90.8–91.2a 45.1–46.1b 32.2–33.9b 4.3–5.2b – (Wu et al. 2015) 93.2–93.3a 44.9–48.1b 18.4–26.5b 3.4–4.1b – (Yu al. 2015a) 90.1–91.6a 4.3–4.6a 2.4–2.7a 0.1–0.3a – (Xia et al. 2015) awet matter bdry matter Oh et al. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (2017) 20:28 Page 3 of 17 Table 2 Various biological activities of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus component Activities Extraction methods Active compounds Color Ref. α-Glucosidase Organic solvent (80% MeOH) n-Hexane fraction – (Nguyen et al. 2011) (Unsaturated fatty acids) Anti-coagulation Hydrolysis (Diastase vera) Glycosaminoglycan – (Yang et al. 2015b) Hydrolysis (Diastase vera) Glycosaminoglycan – (Yang et al. 2015a) Anti-cancer – Acid mucopolysaccharide – (Lu et al. 2010) Organic solvent (80% EtOH) CH2Cl2/EtOAc fraction Red (Park et al. 2011) Organic solvent (70% EtOH) Extracts – (Kim et al. 2017) Anti-fungal activity Organic solvent (60% EtOH) n-BuoH fraction – (Wang et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Parameterisation and Application of Dynamic Energy Budget Model to Sea Cucumber Apostichopus Japonicus
    Vol. 9: 1–8, 2017 AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS Published January 10 doi: 10.3354/aei00210 Aquacult Environ Interact OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Parameterisation and application of dynamic energy budget model to sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Jeffrey S. Ren1, Jeanie Stenton-Dozey1, Jihong Zhang2,3,* 1National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, 10 Kyle Street, PO Box 8602, Christchurch 8440, New Zealand 2Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China 3Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao 266200, PR China ABSTRACT: The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is an important aquaculture species in China. As global interest in sustainable aquaculture grows, the species has increasingly been used for co-culture in integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA). To provide a basis for opti - mising stocking density in IMTA systems, we parameterised and validated a standard dynamic energy budget (DEB) model for the sea cucumber. The covariation method was used to estimate parameters of the model with the DEBtool package. The method is based on minimisation of the weighted sum of squared deviation for datasets and model predictions in one single-step pro- cedure. Implementation of the package requires meaningful initial values of parameters, which were estimated using non-linear regression. Parameterisation of the model suggested that the accuracy of the lower (TL) and upper (TH) boundaries of tolerance temperatures are particularly important, as these would trigger the unique behaviour of the sea cucumber for hibernation and aestivation. After parameterisation, the model was validated with datasets from a shellfish aqua- culture environment in which sea cucumbers were co-cultured with the scallop Chlamys farreri and Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas at various combinations of density.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Insights of Body Plan Transitions from Bilateral to Pentameral Symmetry in Echinoderms
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-1091-1 OPEN Genomic insights of body plan transitions from bilateral to pentameral symmetry in Echinoderms Yongxin Li1, Akihito Omori 2, Rachel L. Flores3, Sheri Satterfield3, Christine Nguyen3, Tatsuya Ota 4, Toko Tsurugaya5, Tetsuro Ikuta6,7, Kazuho Ikeo4, Mani Kikuchi8, Jason C. K. Leong9, Adrian Reich 10, Meng Hao1, Wenting Wan1, Yang Dong 11, Yaondong Ren1, Si Zhang12, Tao Zeng 12, Masahiro Uesaka13, 1234567890():,; Yui Uchida9,14, Xueyan Li 1, Tomoko F. Shibata9, Takahiro Bino15, Kota Ogawa16, Shuji Shigenobu 15, Mariko Kondo 9, Fayou Wang12, Luonan Chen 12,17, Gary Wessel10, Hidetoshi Saiga7,9,18, ✉ ✉ R. Andrew Cameron 19, Brian Livingston3, Cynthia Bradham20, Wen Wang 1,21,22 & Naoki Irie 9,14,22 Echinoderms are an exceptional group of bilaterians that develop pentameral adult symmetry from a bilaterally symmetric larva. However, the genetic basis in evolution and development of this unique transformation remains to be clarified. Here we report newly sequenced genomes, developmental transcriptomes, and proteomes of diverse echinoderms including the green sea urchin (L. variegatus), a sea cucumber (A. japonicus), and with particular emphasis on a sister group of the earliest-diverged echinoderms, the feather star (A. japo- nica). We learned that the last common ancestor of echinoderms retained a well-organized Hox cluster reminiscent of the hemichordate, and had gene sets involved in endoskeleton development. Further, unlike in other animal groups, the most conserved developmental stages were not at the body plan establishing phase, and genes normally involved in bila- terality appear to function in pentameric axis development. These results enhance our understanding of the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes almost 500 Mya.
    [Show full text]
  • SPC Beche-De-Mer Information Bulletin #39 – March 2019
    ISSN 1025-4943 Issue 39 – March 2019 BECHE-DE-MER information bulletin v Inside this issue Editorial Towards producing a standard grade identification guide for bêche-de-mer in This issue of the Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin is well supplied with Solomon Islands 15 articles that address various aspects of the biology, fisheries and S. Lee et al. p. 3 aquaculture of sea cucumbers from three major oceans. An assessment of commercial sea cu- cumber populations in French Polynesia Lee and colleagues propose a procedure for writing guidelines for just after the 2012 moratorium the standard identification of beche-de-mer in Solomon Islands. S. Andréfouët et al. p. 8 Andréfouët and colleagues assess commercial sea cucumber Size at sexual maturity of the flower populations in French Polynesia and discuss several recommendations teatfish Holothuria (Microthele) sp. in the specific to the different archipelagos and islands, in the view of new Seychelles management decisions. Cahuzac and others studied the reproductive S. Cahuzac et al. p. 19 biology of Holothuria species on the Mahé and Amirantes plateaux Contribution to the knowledge of holo- in the Seychelles during the 2018 northwest monsoon season. thurian biodiversity at Reunion Island: Two previously unrecorded dendrochi- Bourjon and Quod provide a new contribution to the knowledge of rotid sea cucumbers species (Echinoder- holothurian biodiversity on La Réunion, with observations on two mata: Holothuroidea). species that are previously undescribed. Eeckhaut and colleagues P. Bourjon and J.-P. Quod p. 27 show that skin ulcerations of sea cucumbers in Madagascar are one Skin ulcerations in Holothuria scabra can symptom of different diseases induced by various abiotic or biotic be induced by various types of food agents.
    [Show full text]
  • Apostichopus Japonicus
    Acta Oceanol. Sin., 2018, Vol. 37, No. 5, P. 54–66 DOI: 10.1007/s13131-017-1101-4 http://www.hyxb.org.cn E-mail: [email protected] Differential gene expression in the body wall of the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) under strong lighting and dark conditions ZHANG Libin1, 2, FENG Qiming1, 3, SUN Lina1, 2, FANG Yan4, XU Dongxue5, ZHANG Tao1, 2, YANG Hongsheng1, 2* 1 CAS Key laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 2 Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4 School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China 5 College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Received 25 January 2017; accepted 9 March 2017 © Chinese Society for Oceanography and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus is very sensitive to light changes. It is important to study the influence of light on the molecular response of A. japonicus. In this study, RNA-seq provided a general overview of the gene expression profiles of the body walls of A. japonicus exposed to strong light (“light”), normal light (“control”) and fully dark (“dark”) environment. In the comparisons of “control” vs. “dark”, ”control” vs. “light” and “dark” vs. “light”, 1 161, 113 and 1 705 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified following the criteria of |log2ratio|≥1 and FDR≤0.001, respectively. Gene ontology analysis showed that “cellular process” and “binding” enriched the most DEGs in the category of “biological process” and “molecular function”, while “cell” and “cell part” enriched the most DEGs in the category of “cellular component”.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Sea Cucumber Aquaculture, Ranching, and Stock Enhancement in China
    Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture ISSN: 2330-8249 (Print) 2330-8257 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/brfs21 A Review of Sea Cucumber Aquaculture, Ranching, and Stock Enhancement in China Qingxi Han, John K. Keesing & Dongyan Liu To cite this article: Qingxi Han, John K. Keesing & Dongyan Liu (2016) A Review of Sea Cucumber Aquaculture, Ranching, and Stock Enhancement in China, Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 24:4, 326-341, DOI: 10.1080/23308249.2016.1193472 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2016.1193472 Published online: 21 Jun 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 115 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=brfs21 Download by: [National Science Library] Date: 19 December 2016, At: 03:07 REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE 2016, VOL. 24, NO. 4, 326–341 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2016.1193472 A Review of Sea Cucumber Aquaculture, Ranching, and Stock Enhancement in China Qingxi Hana,b, John K. Keesingc, and Dongyan Liub aSchool of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China; bYantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, P. R. China; cCSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Research, Wembley, Australia ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Sea cucumber aquaculture has flourished as a result of increasing demand coupled with declining Sea cucumber; Apostichopus wild fisheries and has been facilitated by technical progress in the production and grow-out phase japonicas; stock of larvae and small juvenile sea cucumbers.
    [Show full text]
  • Vii Fishery-At-A-Glance: Warty Sea Cucumber Scientific Name: Apostichopus Parvimensis Range: Warty Sea Cucumber Range from Puert
    Fishery-at-a-Glance: Warty Sea Cucumber Scientific Name: Apostichopus parvimensis Range: Warty Sea Cucumber range from Puerto San Bartolome in Baja California, Mexico to Fort Bragg, California, US, but are uncommon north of Point Conception, California. Habitat: Warty Sea Cucumber occupy waters from the subtidal zone to 180 feet (55 meters) depth. They are commonly found to inhabit both rocky reef and sand/mud substrate. Size (length and weight): Warty Sea Cucumber can reach 12-16 inches (30.5-40.6 c centimeters) when encountered in their natural state (in-situ) on the seafloor; however, this size measurement is not an accurate measure of body size due to the ability of sea cucumber to extend and contract their bodies. Constricted length and width provide a more accurate estimate of body size. The maximum reported length for Warty Sea Cucumber in a constricted state is 9.5 inches (24.1 centimeters) and a maximum width (excluding soft spines) of 3.5 inches (8.9 centimeters). The maximum individual weight recorded for a Warty Sea Cucumber in a whole or live state is 1.64 lb (743.9 grams), with the maximum weight of individuals in a cut eviscerated state (the predominant commercial landing condition) of .82 lb (371.9 grams). Life span: The life span of Warty Sea Cucumber is currently unknown. There is currently no way to directly age Warty Sea Cucumber. Reproduction: Warty Sea Cucumber have separate male and female sexes that reproduce via aggregate broadcast spawning. Spawning occurs from March to July in depths less than 100 feet (30.5 meters), with most spawning occurring less than 60 feet (18.3 meters) depth.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding Sea Cucumbers in Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Electronic Publication Information Center Reviews in Aquaculture (2016) 0, 1–18 doi: 10.1111/raq.12147 Role of deposit-feeding sea cucumbers in integrated multitrophic aquaculture: progress, problems, potential and future challenges Leonardo Nicolas Zamora1, Xiutang Yuan2, Alexander Guy Carton3 and Matthew James Slater4 1 Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Warkworth, New Zealand 2 State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China 3 Division of Tropical Environments and Societies, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia 4 Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany Correspondence Abstract Leonardo Nicolas Zamora, Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, There is significant commercial and research interest in the application of sea University of Auckland, PO Box 349, cucumbers as nutrient recyclers and processors of particulate waste in polyculture Warkworth, New Zealand. E-mail: or integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems. The following article [email protected] reviews examples of existing IMTA systems operating with sea cucumbers, and details the role and effect of several sea cucumber species in experimental and Received 12 August 2015; accepted 1 February pilot IMTA systems worldwide. Historical observations and quantification of 2016. impacts of sea cucumber deposit-feeding and locomotion are examined, as is the development and testing of concepts for the application of sea cucumbers in sedi- ment remediation and site recovery. The extension of applied IMTA systems is reported, from basic piloting through to economically viable farming systems operating at commercial scales.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Heat Shock Response in the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus Japonicus, Using Itraq-Based Proteomics
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Understanding the Heat Shock Response in the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, Using iTRAQ-Based Proteomics Dongxue Xu 1,2, Lina Sun 1,*, Shilin Liu 1, Libin Zhang 1 and Hongsheng Yang 1,* 1 Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; [email protected] (D.X.); [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (L.Z.) 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-532-8289-8645 (L.S.); +86-532-8289-8610 (H.Y.) Academic Editor: David Sheehan Received: 26 November 2015; Accepted: 20 January 2016; Published: 4 February 2016 Abstract: The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is exploited as a commercial species owing to their high nutritive and medicinal value. Recent high summer temperatures have caused high mortality rates in A. japonicus. In this study, we applied the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technique to investigate the global protein expression profile under an acute short-term (48 h) heat stress. In total, 3432 proteins were identified, and 127 proteins showed significant heat stress responses, with 61 upregulated proteins and 66 downregulated proteins. Our results suggest that heat stress influenced the expression of proteins involved in various biological processes, such as tissue protection and detoxification, lipid and amino acid metabolism, energy production and usage, transcription and translation, cell apoptosis, and cell proliferation. These findings provide a better understanding about the response and thermo-tolerance mechanisms of A.
    [Show full text]
  • Composition and Diversity of Intestinal Microbiota of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus Japonicus from Different Habitats
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY ISSN Print: 1560–8530; ISSN Online: 1814–9596 18F–072/2018/20–8–1868–1872 DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/15.0743 http://www.fspublishers.org Full Length Article Composition and Diversity of Intestinal Microbiota of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus from Different Habitats Shigen Ye1, Meiru Liu1, Li Wang1, Ruijun Li1 and Qiang Li1,2* 1Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China 2Department of Ocean Technology, College of Marine and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China *For correspondence: [email protected] Abstract The intestinal flora of the sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus Selenka were detected by 16S rRNA sequence. The sea cucumbers were collected from Zhangzidao Island (ZZD), Dandong (DD) and Zhuanghe (ZH) at the Yellow Sea, Huludao Island (HLD) at the Bohai Sea, and Lvshun (LS) at the confluence of the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea. Proteobacteria was found to be the predominant phylum, while dominant genera were different from different habitats. Halomonas and Shewanella were the top two genera for groups at the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, and genus Bacteroides was dominant at the confluence of the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea. The results of LS might be influenced by the peculiar geographical environment of the confluence. Moreover, some beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium were detected with the proportion from 0.58% to 4.66% from all the samples. These results exhibit the relationship between intestinal flora of healthy sea cucumbers and their habitats, which may become directions for probable probiotics development and utilization.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacterial Diversity in the Intestine of Sea Cucumber Stichopus Japonicus
    Bacterial diversity in the intestine of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus Item Type article Authors Gao, M.L.; Hou, H.M.; Zhang, G.L.; Liu, Y.; Sun, L.M. Download date 29/09/2021 15:37:50 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/37808 Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 16(1)318-325 2017 Bacterial diversity in the intestine of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus * Gao M.L.; Hou H.M. ; Zhang G.L.; Liu Y.; Sun L.M. Received: May 2015 Accepted: August 2016 Abstract The intestinal bacterial diversity of Stichopus japonicus was investigated using 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) clone library and Polymerase Chain Reaction/Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The clone library yielded a total of 188 clones, and these were sequenced and classified into 106 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with sequence similarity ranging from 88 to 100%. The coverage of the library was 77.4%, with approximately 88.7% of the sequences affiliated to Proteobacteria. Gammaproteobacteria and Vibrio sp. were the predominant groups in the intestine of S. japonicus. Some bacteria such as Legionella sp., Brachybacterium sp., Streptomyces sp., Propionigenium sp. and Psychrobacter sp were first identified in the intestine of sea cucumber. Keywords: Intestinal bacterial diversity, 16S rDNA, PCR-DGGE, Sequencing, Stichopus japonicus School of Food Science and Technology- Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China * Corresponding author's Email:[email protected] 319 Gao et al., Bacterial diversity in the intestine of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicas Introduction In this paper, 16S rDNA clone Sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus is library analysis approaches and one of the most important holothurian PCR-DGGE fingerprinting of the 16S species in coastal fisheries.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of the Three Color Variations of the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus Japonicus
    e Rese tur arc ul h c & a u D q e A v e f l o o Jo et al., J Aquac Res Development 2016, 7:3 l p a m n Journal of Aquaculture r e u n o t DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000418 J ISSN: 2155-9546 Research & Development Short Communication OpenOpen Access Access Phylogenetic Analysis of the Three Color Variations of the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Jihoon Jo1, Chunsik Park2, Munhwan Kim3 and Chungoo Park1* 1School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea 2College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea 3Academic and Student Affairs Division, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 550-749, Republic of Korea Abstract The economic value of Apostichopus japonicus products is primarily determined by their dorsal/ventral color variation (red, green, or black), yet the taxonomic relationships between these color variants are not clearly understood. By performing numerous phylogenetic analyses of the Stichopodidae family, based on nucleotide sequence comparisons of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 16S rRNA gene sequences, we observed that these three color variants exhibit very low levels of sequence divergence and are not monophyletic. In this paper, we propose that the different dorsal/ventral color types of A. japonicus belong to a single species. Keywords: Sea cucumber; Apostichopus japonicas; Body-color that are based on the Kimura 2-parameter method [9] among the species variations; Phylogenetic analysis of the Stichopodidae family. Without the adjustment of the estimation methods and the completion of comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, Introduction the authors concluded that the three color variants of A.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth and Physiological Responses in the Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus Japonicus Selenka: Aestivation and Temperature
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Xiamen University Institutional Repository Aquaculture 283 (2008) 180–187 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Aquaculture journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aqua-online Growth and physiological responses in the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka: Aestivation and temperature Tingting Ji, Yunwei Dong ⁎, Shuanglin Dong The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China article info abstract Article history: Aestivation is an adaptation of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka to high temperature, Received 3 March 2008 however, the causations and physiological responses of aestivation are not well understood. This study deals Received in revised form 25 June 2008 with the relationship between temperature and aestivation. Sea cucumbers were allocated into four Accepted 1 July 2008 treatments. In two treatments of temperature elevation, the ambient temperature gradually was increased from 16 °C to 26 °C linearly (treatment FA) or by a fluctuating temperature profile (treatment FB). Two control Keywords: Aestivation treatments maintained constant temperatures of 16 °C and 26 °C, and were designated as optimum Temperature temperature of growth and threshold of aestivation, respectively. During the 40-day experiment, body Sea cucumber weight, oxygen consumption, daily food intake, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dimutase (SOD) activities and Metabolism heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) levels were determined periodically. When the temperature gradually Antioxidant enzyme increased from 16 °C to 26 °C, the body weight of the tested sea cucumbers decreased gradually. After the Heat shock protein ambient temperature reached 26 °C, the tested sea cucumbers in treatments of FA and FB were reared at 26 °C for an additional twenty days.
    [Show full text]