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Hymenoptera: Crabronidae): Una Especie Endémica De Argentina

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Hymenoptera: Crabronidae): Una Especie Endémica De Argentina ISSN 0373-5680 (impresa), ISSN 1851-7471 (en línea) Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 71 (3-4): 219-229, 2012 219 Redescripción de Hemidula singularis (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae): una especie endémica de Argentina MOLINA, María Alejandra Instituto Superior de Entomología Dr. Abraham Willink (INSUE)-CONICET, Miguel Lillo 205, CP.4000, Tucumán; e-mail: [email protected] Redescription of Hemidula singularis (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae): an endemic species from Argentina ABSTRACT. The species Hemidula singularis (Taschenberg, 1870) is herein redescribed. The main morphological characters used for its identification are illustrated. The lectotype is designated. New records are presented, resulting in a more detailed distribution for the species. KEY WORDS. Hemidula singularis. Argentina. Saline environments. Endemic species. RESUMEN. Se redescribe la especie Hemidula singularis (Taschenberg, 1870). Se acompaña la presente redescripción con ilustraciones de los principales caracteres morfológicos utilizados para su identificación. Además, se designa el lectotipo y se brindan varias citas nuevas, de manera que se amplía la distribución de la especie. PALABRAS CLAVE. Hemidula singularis. Argentina. Ambientes salinos. Especie Endémica. INTRODUCCIÓN anteriores redondeados, los bordes internos de los ojos son notablemente divergentes Los Bembicini conocidos vulgarmente hacia el clípeo, mandíbulas sin dientes, como “avispas areneras” (en Argentina, son fórmula palpal 6-4, la superficie posterior también denominadas comúnmente como del propodeo, plana y los ángulos “pucachos”, “iryguanchi” y “uñuwanchi”, posterolaterales redondeados, metaposnoto depende de la región) son grandes cazadores proyectado, sexto tergo metasomal de la de insectos al vuelo y presentan particulares hembra, simple; en los machos se presenta hábitos de nidificación (Evans, 1966). En la el abdomen con el último tergito provisto de Región Neotropical, esta tribu se encuentra dos dientes agudos laterales y el ápice medio muy bien representada por 11 de los 16 redondeado, hembras sin área pigidial, la géneros conocidos (Bohart & Menke, 1976; coxa y el fémur medio del macho, edentado Genise, 1981; Amarante, 2006; Pulawski, (Willink, 1947; Bohart & Menke, 1976). 2011a, 2011b). Este género incluye dos especies, ambas El género Hemidula Burmeister, 1874 citadas exclusivamente para la Argentina: es exclusivamente Neotropical y sus Hemidula singularis (Taschenberg, 1870) características principales son la presencia que habita las salinas y suelos salitrosos del flagelómero I más largo que el escapo, desde Mendoza a Catamarca, Chubut y Río ocelos no completamente atrofiados, el Negro (existe una cita dudosa de Jujuy); ocelo medio es semicircular y los ocelos y H. burmeisteri Willink, 1947 citada Recibido: 7-XII-2011; aceptado: 10-X-2012 220 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 71 (3-4): 219-229, 2012 principalmente para localidades cercanas algunas modificaciones. La terminología a las Salinas Grandes (La Rioja, Catamarca, utilizada para las alas se basó en el sistema Córdoba y Santiago del Estero) (Genise, 1982, de clasificación para Aculeata de Rohwer 1989). Ambas especies habitan en ambientes & Gahan (1916), con varias modificaciones de salinas, donde las hembras excavan nidos de Bohart & Menke (1976). La designación en el suelo que poseen, al final del túnel, una del lectotipo se realizó siguiendo el Código celdilla que es aprovisionada con tábanos, Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica los que son llevados por las hembras en (Arts. 73.2 y 74). forma progresiva para alimentar la larva (Genise, 1982, 1989). Son avispas de 17-20 mm de largo, de color negro a excepción de RESULTADOS las manchas discontinuas amarillas en los tergos abdominales. Hemidula singularis (Taschenberg, 1870) Las descripciones existentes para esta especie son muy antiguas, la más nueva Monedula singularis Taschenberg, 1870: 25 y completa de ellas data del año 1947. (descripción original), 2 ♀♀ Sintipos, Tales descripciones estaban basadas sobre Argentina: Mendoza; Burmeister, pocos ejemplares, en tanto que los machos 1874: 121 (revisión de Bembicinae fueron solo mencionados con poco detalle. de Argentina); Handlirsch, 1890: 125 Aquí, se redescriben el macho y la hembra (revisión de Bembicinae del mundo); de Hemidula singularis y se realizan Dalla Torre, 1897: 500 (catálogo de observaciones novedosas sobre caracteres Sphecidae del Mundo); Schrottky, previamente ignorados en la taxonomía del 1903: 177 (lista de Hymenoptera de grupo. Argentina, Paraguay y Uruguay). Stictia singularis: Jörgensen, 1912: 289 (nueva combinación); Schrottky, 1913: 232 MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS (cita para Argentina: Mendoza). Hemidula singularis: Parker, 1929: 3 (nueva El material estudiado fue facilitado en combinación); Willink, 1947: 528 calidad de préstamo por varias instituciones: (revisión de Bembicini de Argentina); (IFML), Instituto y Fundación Miguel Lillo, Lohrmann, 1948: 462 (revisión de San Miguel de Tucumán (M.V. Colomo Hemidula); Willink, 1952: 76 (nueva de Correa); (MACN) Museo Argentino de cita para Argentina: Chubut); R. Bohart Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires (A. Roig & Menke, 1976: 540 (listada); Genise, Alsina); (MLP) Museo de La Plata, La Plata (A. 1982a: 77 (datos de comportamiento); Abrahamovich, N. Díaz); (AMNH) American Amarante, 2002: 10 (catálogo de Museum of Natural History New York, New Crabronidae Neotropicales); Evans & York (J. M. Carpenter); (MLUH) Institute O’Neil, 2007: 132 (revisión de datos “Zentralmagazin Naturwissenschaftlicher de comportamiento). Sammlungen of the Martin Luther University Halle”, Halle (Saale) (K. Schneider, J. Händel). Material Tipo: Dos sintipos hembra, La presente redescripción estuvo basada depositados en el “Institute Zentralmagazin principalmente en la observación minuciosa Naturwissenschaftlicher Sammlungen of the y detallada de los dos sintipos (aquí Martin Luther University Halle” (MLUH) designados como lectotipo y paralectotipo) (Germany). y comparada con 38 ejemplares (24♀♀ y 14 Designación de lectotipo: Debido ♂♂), procedentes de las colecciones arriba a que el autor de la especie no designó mencionadas. holotipo, se designa aquí lectotipo al sintipo En la redescripción, se utilizan las que se encuentra en mejores condiciones de abreviaturas según Willink (1947), con conservación (antenas completas, patas, etc.), MOLINA, M. A. Redescripción de Hemidula singularis 221 siguiendo las pautas que establece el Código los fémures. Clípeo (cl), parte del escapo Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica de la antena (es) y órbitas internas (oi) de (ICZN, 1999) (Figs.1-6). “Lectotipo hembra”/ color amarillo intenso (Figs.4-6); bandas o ”singularis Zeitschr. 1870 Brm.”/ “Mendoza”/ áreas circulares amarillo pálidas en tergitos (MLUH). “Paralectotipo hembra”/ ”singularis abdominales I, II, III, IV y V (cuando están Zeitschr. 1870 Brm.”/ “Mendoza”/ (MLUH). presentes). Las órbitas internas de los ojos Localidad tipo: Mendoza, Argentina. llegan a sobrepasar la altura del ocelo anterior (Oa) (Fig. 4). La cara anterior del Otro material examinado: 38 escapo presenta una línea amarilla clara especímenes (24 ♀♀, 14 ♂♂). Argentina: muy notable, el resto de la antena es de Catamarca: Copacabana (A. Willink, A. color negro parduzco (Fn) (Figs. 4, 6). Región Terán 20.I.1969) 1♀, 1♂AMNH, 1♀, 1♂ anterior del clípeo completamente negra y la IFML, 1♂ MACN; Tinogasta 1♀ (A. Willink, posterior amarillo intenso (Figs. 4-8). Labro Tomsic 23.I.1960) IFML. Chubut: sin negro castaño, con algunas variaciones de localidad 2♀♀ MACN. Jujuy: Volcán 1♀, sin manchas amarillas en la región proximal colector IFML. La Rioja: Villa Castelli 1♀, 3 (Figs.7-9). Mandíbulas de color castaño muy ♂♂ (C. Porter 9.III.1970), 1♀ (Stange, Porter oscuro, con ápice castaño negro. Genas, con 14.XII.1971) IFML. Mendoza: Carapacho 1 solo una línea amarilla clara a lo largo de ♀ (Genise I.1982) MACN; El Vergel (Dpto. todo el contorno del ojo, el resto es negra. Lavalle) (A. Willink 7.I.1946) 6 ♀♀ IFML, 1♀ Tórax negro mate, con tonalidades castaño- AMNH; Malargüe, Llancanelo 3 ♂♂ (A. Roig oscuras. Cara interna de las tibias anteriores 28.I.1979) MACN; sin localidad 1♀, 1♂ (P. amarillo clara; metatarsos, amarillo claro; Jöergensen 16.XII.1969) MLP. Río Negro: tarsos de los tres pares de patas, castaño- San Antonio W. 1 ♀ (Fritz I.1977) AMNH. rojizos. Abdomen negro, con las bandas y San Juan: Angaco 2 ♀♀ (XII.1906) MACN, las áreas circulares amarillo pálido, con el sin localidad 3 ♂♂, 1♀ (21.I.1909) MLP. Sin siguiente patrón: tergo I, con dos puntos localidad: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ MACN. laterales (Figs.1, 24); tergo II, con dos bandas laterales (Figs.1, 24, 25, 31); tergo Diagnosis. Esta especie puede III, con dos bandas circulares centrales diferenciarse de Hemidula burmeisteri por (Figs.1, 24, 25, 28, 31); tergo IV, con dos ser de mayor tamaño y coloración predo- bandas laterales (Figs.1, 24-31) y tergo V, minantemente negra. En el primer tergito completamente negro (Figs.1, 24-29). Se abdominal, faltan las manchas laterales; observó cierta diversidad en el patrón del el segundo y cuarto presentan bandas tergo I, donde los puntos laterales amarillos reducidas amarillo-blanquecinas, a las que están ausentes (Figs. 25-31); en el tergo II, las se agregan, en el tercer tergito, dos manchas bandas laterales pueden estar fragmentadas más del mismo color (Fig.1). Mientras que, y mostrarse como cuatro líneas cortas (Figs. en Hemidula burmeisteri la coloración de 26-30); en el tergo III, las bandas circulares los tergitos abdominales está constituida pueden
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