Net Neutrality Reloaded
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Net Neutrality Reloaded
Luca Belli Editor Net Neutrality Reloaded: Net Neutrality Reloaded: Zero Rating, Specialised Service, Ad Blocking and Traffic Management Zero Rating, Specialised Service, Annual Report of the UN IGF Dynamic Coalition on Net Neutrality Ad Blocking and Traffic Management Luca Belli Editor Annual Report of the UN IGF This Report is the 2016 outcome of the IGF Dynamic Coalition on Network Neutrality (DCNN). The Report gathers a series of case studies on a variety Dynamic Coalition of net neutrality issues from the perspective of different stakeholders. The double purpose of this report is to trigger meaningful discussion on net on Net Neutrality neutrality trends, while providing informative material that may be used by researchers, policy-makers and civil society alike. Researchers, practitioners and policy-makers regularly contribute to the DCNN report, providing a wide range of heterogeneous views. Preface by Tim Wu In 2016, Zero Rating was by large the most debated net neutrality issue, as reflected by the considerable number of contributions focusing on the topic within this report. Such high number of analyses on zero rating seems particularly useful to meet the increasing demand of research exploring the pros and cons of price discrimination practices. Furthermore, the report examines other very relevant and discussed topics, such as specialised services, ad blocking and reasonable traffic management, providing useful insight on some of the most recent policy evolutions in a variety of countries. Net Neutrality Reloaded: Zero Rating, -
Multimedia, Internet, On-Line
Section IV: Multimedia, the Internet, and On-Line Services High-End Digital Video Applications Larry Amiot Electronic and Computing Technologies Division Argonne National Laboratory The emphasis of this paper is on the high-end applications Internet and Intranet that are driving digital video. The research with which I am involved at Argonne National Laboratory is not done on dig- The packet video networks which currently support many ital video per se, but rather on how the research applications applications such as file transfer, Mbone video (talking at the laboratory drive its requirements for digital video. The heads), and World Wide Web browsing are limiting for high- paper will define what digital video is, what some of its com- quality video because of the low throughput one can achieve ponents are, and then discuss a few applications that are dri- via the Internet or intranets. Examples of national packet ving the development of these components. The focus will be switched networks developed in the last several years include on what digital video means to individuals in the research the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNet). The and education community. Department of Energy had its own network called ESNET, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration The Digital Video Environment (NASA) had a network as well. Recently, the NSFNet was de- commissioned, and commercial interests are now starting to In 1996, a group of people from several universities in the fill that void. Research and education communities are find- Midwest and from Argonne formed a Video Working Group. ing, however, that this new commercial Internet is too re- This body tried to define the areas of digital video of impor- stricting and does not meet their throughput requirements; it tance to their institutions. -
STUDENT INTERACTION with MINITEL TELECOMMUNICATIONS Joann Hammadou University of Rhode Island
STUDENT INTERACTION WITH MINITEL TELECOMMUNICATIONS JoAnn Hammadou University of Rhode Island The Promise of Telecommunications of how to carry on multilevels of instruction Telecommunications seem to offer an simultaneously. This option may improve ideal solution to several thorny educational the teacher's ability to provide tasks for problems: (1) how to provide up-to-date students at one level of proficiency that will cultural info171Ultion to students when the continue to move them forward while teacher'sownculturalinformationmaydate teacher-centered work continues with an to much earlier personal trips abroad, (2) other group. For example, telecommunica how to provide up-to-date foreign language tions from a computer workstation have informationinspecializedareas outside of the been used to correspond with native speak teacher's realm of personal experience (e.g., ers abroad, to generate authentic reading nursing, business or engineering), and (3) texts· on up-to-the minute news topics, to howtoprovidestudentsin the United States research specialized topics (such as busi with authentic contexts in which to develop ness, science or education), to simulate buy their fledgling language skills. Telecom ing and selling or to actually order goods munications may, therefore, help provide from abroad, and to serve as an example of experiences and information to students that technology in daily life in Europe. are otherwise difficult to obtain. These calls for the use of telecommuni Telecommunications might also be one cations are subsumed under the larger call solution to a logistics nighbnare that teach to educators to incorporate the use of tech ers often face. With a 1982 survey, Brickel nology in education. -
An History of Videotex the UK Teletext
An History of Videotex From Videotex to the WWW Digital Information Retrieval Services : the french experience and european competition from the 70s Bernard Marti An History of Videotex The origins 1967 In France, Color TV is just starting, using the SECAM system Social behaviour based on TV set purchase In UK, the service based on PAL has already been in operation for 2 years Social behaviour based on TV set renting Looking for new services 1965 1966 1967 An History of Videotex The U.K. Teletext Actors BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) IBA (Independant Broadcasting Authority ) BREMA (British Radio Equipment Manufacturer's Association) Dates 1968 :First CEEFAX (See Facts) experiments First ORACLE ( Optionnal reception of Announcements by Coded Line Electronics) Experiments 1974 : first joint specifications 1976 : UK Teletext experimental service opens 1979 : UK Teletext public service opens What is the principle of this service? An History of Videotex An History of Videotex The principle of Teletext (2) page 1O4 lines 576 visible Consult the ORACLE 625 lines CONTENTS SUMMARY 11O Sports Use "free" lines of 118 Weather 134 Gardening to-day VBI to transport digital data Decode data & build a locally generated image data line An History of Videotex Innovations P15 CEEFAX 100 Mon 17 Jul 13:01/09 mosaic (block- graphic) NEW-LOOK BBC 1 MAGAZINE : Many regular pages now have new nombers. This is the characters basic pattern of the magazine : 101 NEWS HEADLINES NEW 101-119 News in detail Colour FULL 120 FINANCE HEADLINES INDEX 130 FT INDEX -
Zero-Rating Practices in Broadband Markets
Zero-rating practices in broadband markets Report by Competition EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Competition E-mail: [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels [Cataloguenumber] Zero-rating practices in broadband markets Final report February 2017 Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). LEGAL NOTICE The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. Les informations et opinions exprimées dans ce rapport sont ceux de(s) l'auteur(s) et ne reflètent pas nécessairement l'opinion officielle de la Commission. La Commission ne garantit pas l’exactitude des informations comprises dans ce rapport. La Commission, ainsi que toute personne agissant pour le compte de celle-ci, ne saurait en aucun cas être tenue responsable de l’utilisation des informations contenues dans ce rapport. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017 Catalogue number: KD-02-17-687-EN-N ISBN 978-92-79-69466-0 doi: 10.2763/002126 © European Union, 2017 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. -
Women and the Web Bridging the Internet Gap and Creating New Global Opportunities in Low and Middle-Income Countries
Women and the Web Bridging the Internet gap and creating new global opportunities in low and middle-income countries Women and the Web 1 For over 40 years Intel has been creating technologies that advance the way people live, work, and learn. To foster innovation and drive economic growth, everyone, especially girls and women, needs to be empowered with education, employment and entrepreneurial skills. Through our long-standing commitment to helping drive quality education, we have learned first-hand how investing in girls and women improves not only their own lives, but also their families, their communities and the global economy. With this understanding, Intel is committed to helping give girls and women the opportunities to achieve their individual potential and be a power for change. www.intel.com/shewill For questions or comments about this study, please contact Renee Wittemyer ([email protected]). Dalberg Global Development Advisors is a strategy and policy advisory firm dedicated to global development. Dalberg’s mission is to mobilize effective responses to the world’s most pressing issues. We work with corporations, foundations, NGOs and governments to design policies, programs and partnerships to serve needs and capture opportunities in frontier and emerging markets. www.dalberg.com For twenty-five years, GlobeScan has helped clients measure and build value-generating relationships with their stakeholders, and to work collaboratively in delivering a sustainable and equitable future. Uniquely placed at the nexus of reputation, brand and sustainability, GlobeScan partners with clients to build trust, drive engagement and inspire innovation within, around and beyond their organizations. www.globescan.com Women and the Web 3 FOREWORD BY SHELLY ESQUE Over just two decades, the Internet has worked a thorough revolution. -
Zero-Rating: Kick-Starting Internet Ecosystems in Developing Countries
POLICY MEMO Zero-Rating: Kick-Starting Internet Ecosystems in Developing Countries BY DIANA CAREW MARCH 2015 The power of the Internet has redefined the The problems are multiple. Building a broadband global economy for the 21st Century. As of 2014, infrastructure to all homes, especially in rural over three billion people around the world were areas, is too costly for many low-income countries. connected. The corresponding boom in Internet- And mobile broadband service, while more broadly based retailers, news and information providers, available, is also relatively expensive to provide and online entertainment and video companies and high-priced compared to incomes. As a result, has been just as impressive.1 Businesses go where broadband markets are limited in many poor and the customers are, and increasingly the customers developing areas. In 2013, for example, there were are online or mobile. 20 mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 people in the Philippines, and just three for every 100 Unfortunately, the online revolution is lagging people in Kenya.4 in many of the least developed parts of the world. Consider that as of 2014, fewer than 30 At the same time, a low level of connectedness percent of Africa’s 1.1 billion population used keeps the local Internet ecosystems stunted. the Internet.2 At the same time, relatively few Entrepreneurs are unwilling to start new Internet- African businesses have participated in the based businesses because there aren’t enough Internet business boom. Less than one percent customers online. Conversely, without local of all existing domain name registrations in 2013 Internet-based businesses providing relevant originated from Africa, meaning African-based information, content, and services, potential businesses have very little local or global presence customers have less incentive to invest in on the internet.3 expensive data plans for their smart phones. -
JBN-12 Internet, Minitel And
JBN-12 EUROPE/RUSSIA Jean Benoît Nadeau is a Fellow of the Institute studying “the resistance of the French to the trend ICWA of economic and cultural globalization.” LETTERS Internet, Minitel and the Advent of the Hot Air Balloon Since 1925 the Institute of PARIS, France February, 2000 Current World Affairs (the Crane- Rogers Foundation) has provided By Jean Benoît Nadeau long-term fellowships to enable outstanding young professionals My wife Julie and I spent Christmas of 1999 at the Marsaults, a family of to live outside the United States friends we had first visited on Easter (see JBN-9) at their home in the Loire val- and write about international ley. But since all good things have to end and our lives are full of sacrifice, we were expected to leave on Boxing Day* to drive across France to the Lorraine areas and issues. An exempt town of Sarreguemine, where the Busches were expecting us (see JBN-11). Un- operating foundation endowed by fortunately, this was the morning of the highly destructive windstorm that swept the late Charles R. Crane, the the entire country and left massive destruction everywhere. Our normal route Institute is also supported by would have been via the capital, but not even the trains were running and the contributions from like-minded Paris area was in havoc. As we tried to figure out the best way, the father, Jean- individuals and foundations. Marie Marsault, disappeared in his office for a couple minutes. He came back with three sheets of paper listing the shortest routes. It was a detailed driving plan, with highway numbers, kilometers and time of driving. -
Innovations in Mobile Broadband Pricing
Denver Law Review Volume 92 Issue 3 Tenth Circuit Survey Article 3 December 2020 Innovations in Mobile Broadband Pricing Daniel A. Lyons Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/dlr Recommended Citation Daniel A. Lyons, Innovations in Mobile Broadband Pricing, 92 Denv. U. L. Rev. 453 (2015). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. INNOVATIONS IN MOBILE BROADBAND PRICING DANIEL A. LYONSt ABSTRACT The FCC's net neutrality rules sought to limit interference by broadband service providers in markets for Internet-based content and applications. But to do so, the Commission significantly reduced the amount of innovation possible in the broadband service market. Within limits, broadband providers may offer different plans that vary the quan- tity of service available to customers, as well as the quality of that ser- vice. But they generally cannot vary the service itself: with limited ex- ceptions, broadband providers must offer customers access to all lawful Internet traffic, or none at all. This Article explores the way in which this all-or-nothing homoge- nization of the American broadband product differs from innovative ex- periments taking place in other countries. In various parts of the world, customers are offered several alternatives to the unlimited Internet mod- el, including social media plans, feature phone partnerships, bundled apps, and free premium content. It also examines the positive role that vertical agreements may play when promoting innovation and competi- tion within a market. -
1 Histories of Networking Vs. the History of the Internet Andrew L. Russell College of Arts & Letters, Stevens Institute Of
Russell, “Histories of Networking vs. the History of the Internet” Draft: September 26, 2012 Histories of Networking vs. the History of the Internet Andrew L. Russell College of Arts & Letters, Stevens Institute of Technology Paper presented at the 2012 SIGCIS Workshop, October 7, 2012 Abstract In this paper I describe the difference between “the history of the Internet” and “histories of networking.” The former phrase often describes a linear success story, one that starts with Sputnik (1957) and then moves to the creation of the Arpanet (1969), Cerf and Kahn’s Transmission Control Program (1974), the commercialization of the Internet (early 1990s), and the global adoption of the World Wide Web (late 1990s). I argue that there is an opportunity now for historians to talk more about the latter category, “histories of networking,” which includes both the Arpanet and Internet as only part of the story. Histories of networking also include developments in data networking, telecommunications, and wireless transmission that took place in other countries or that do not fit neatly into the narrative of the Internet’s success—in other words, projects that are not necessarily part of the established linear history of the Internet but are nevertheless important to describe and to understand. The goal for this paper, therefore, is to destabilize the American-centric, triumphalist, and teleological narrative of linear success—from Arpanet to Internet to global information society—that is so pronounced in the existing popular accounts of the history of the Internet. 1 Russell, “Histories of Networking vs. the History of the Internet” Draft: September 26, 2012 Histories of Networking vs. -
A Political Economy Perspective on the Big Data Revolution in Development
Laura Mann Left to other peoples’ devices? A political economy perspective on the big data revolution in development Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Mann, Laura (2017) Left to other peoples’ devices? A political economy perspective on the big data revolution in development. Development and Change. ISSN 0012-155X DOI: 10.1111/dech.12347 © 2017 International Institute of Social Studies This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/85057/ Available in LSE Research Online: November 2017 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Left to Other Peoples’ Devices? A Political Economy Perspective on the Big Data Revolution in Development Laura Mann Pre-publication Version. Forthcoming in Development and Change ABSTRACT This article brings a political economy perspective to the field of Data for Development (D4D). -
History of Telematics in France and Its Impact on Hearing Impaired People
POSTER 2017, PRAGUE MAY 23 1 History of Telematics in France and its impact on hearing impaired people ZDENEK BUMBALEK 1 The Masaryk Institute of Advanced Studies, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kolejní 2637/2a, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic [email protected] Abstract. Videotex represented by MINITEL terminals and lines. In connection with the expansion of the telephone service spread extensively especially in France. It was a network there is a search for new services and business predecessor of the today’s Internet. Originally it was models which would help to make the formation of the new supposed to serve as a substitute for the printed phone network profitable [1]. directory, but soon it developed into a sophisticated system The term “telematics” was first used for the idea of and in 1982 it already offered an analogue of email, information transfer via telephone network in 1978 in a timetables, ticket reservation, weather forecast and other governmental report dealing with computerization of services on home terminals which are provided by the public. The French word “télématique” is a connection of Internet today. It enabled the deaf to have a text-based two words “telecommunications” and “informatique”. conversation in real time via 3618 service called MINITEL Telematics was defines as a transfer of normalized data via Dialogue. With the support of France Telecom there was a network which the user can see on a terminal and interact relay service for deaf people launched in 1990 which with them. enabled its users to phone to the hearing majority through a hearing operator.