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Cohesion Policy in Urban Practice Cohesion Policy in Urban Practice An Ambitious Urban Agenda? EUKN Secretariat Cohesion Policy in Urban Practice Cohesion Policy in Urban Practice An Ambitious Urban Agenda? EUKN Secretariat ISBN/EAN: 978-94-90967-05-5 NUR: 740 Published by: European Urban Knowledge Network P.O. Box 90750 2509 LT The Hague The Netherlands [email protected] www.eukn.org Credits photopraphy: Cover photo, Shutterstock / page 26, iStockphoto page 44, iStockphoto / page 57, Eva da Costa page 60, Nicosia Municipality / page 63, EPAMSA page 68, iStockphoto / page 75, Jorge Miranda Book production: Wardy Poelstra, Amsterdam Design: www.kruit.nl Lay-out: Inkahootz, Amsterdam Print: Drukarnia Biały Kruk Milewscy sp. j., Bialystok This publication has been co-funded by the Europe Direct Information Centre - Warsaw © EUKN November 2011 Contents Foreword 6 Introduction 8 Analysis: The Urban Dimension of Cohesion Policy 11 In the Spotlight: Mr. Peter Berkowitz 24 Smart Case Studies: MIQUA: Microfinance for Poor Quarters in German Cities (Germany) 28 Buda Fabric: A Renovated Factory Linking Economy and Culture (Belgium) 31 Revitalising the Nieuwe Binnenweg in Rotterdam (The Netherlands) 34 Revamping Brasov through Jessica 4 Cities (Romania) 37 In the Spotlight: Mr. Paul Bevan 41 Sustainable Case Studies: Revitalising Two Parks in the Karlín District of Prague (Czech Republic) 46 East London Eco-Hub: A Model for Urban Environmental Change (United Kingdom) 49 CATCH-MR: Cooperative Approaches to Transport Challenges in Metropolitan Regions 52 The Construction of the First Metro Line in Warsaw (Poland) 55 Urban Regeneration Projects in Nicosia (Cyprus) 59 Ecopôle: An Eco-Friendly Development Project (France) 62 In the Spotlight: Ms Petra Hainzová 65 Inclusive Case Studies: La Mina Neighbourhood: Combining Urban Planning with Social Action (Spain) 70 Zambujal Melhora: A Participatory Approach for Urban Development (Portugal) 74 CIPU: National Information Unit for Urban Policy (Luxembourg) 78 The Inclusion of the Suburban Area of Aarhus (Denmark) 82 Conclusions: The Urban Dimension of Cohesion Policy 84 About the Authors 86 References 87 Cohesion Policy in Urban Practice - 5 Foreword The Polish Presidency of the Council of the European Union comes at a particular moment in the European agenda when the new shape of EU policies will be formally presented by the European Commission and then discussed. Poland, as a country rapidly closing the gap in economic and social development through efficient implementation of Cohesion Policy, sees that it has a special role to play during the negotiations on the new programming period. One of the Polish Presidency’s ambitions in the area of future Cohesion Policy post 2013 is to pres- ent proposals for the strengthening of the territorial dimension of the Europe 2020 Strategy. These proposals aim at translating the principles of the new Territorial Agenda 2020 into practical arrange- ments within Cohesion Policy. Particular attention will be paid to the Urban Dimension of Cohesion Policy, including specific proposals for instruments supporting urban development. The European territory is characteristic of a remarkable urban settlement structure. Most jobs, businesses institutions and universities are located in cities and towns. On the other hand, besides opportunities there are also concentrated in these areas many challenges such as environmental degradation, congestion, social exclusion and high unemployment. Therefore, it is necessary for the Cohesion Policy to respond to this situation with a clearly marked position for urban areas and with dedicated instruments supporting their development. In the next programming period an integrated approach to urban development based on experience with the implementation of the current article 8 of the ERDF Regulation should be further promoted and developed. The Urban Dimension should be visible within the Cohesion Policy framework, in the regulations and in the specific guidelines. Moreover, the implementation of integrated urban devel- opment should be made sufficiently attractive for local, regional and national authorities. And, there should be incentives for the managing authorities to implement such development. Furthermore, there is a strong need to reinforce a more flexible attitude in delivering urban develop- ment strategies. In this context, there is a need to introduce mechanisms allowing the integration of resources from different funding streams which would facilitate the implementation of integrated comprehensive urban strategies consisting of various types of projects (flexibility in programming and management of funds). As regards the Urban Dimension of future Cohesion Policy the Polish Presidency organized a series of meetings where this issue were tackled. Even before it acceded to the Presidency Poland invited ex- perts from EU Member States to discuss different issues relevant for the future Cohesion Policy as re- gards its Urban Dimension. For this purpose Poland set up a Working Group on the urban dimension of Cohesion Policy which met four times in the first half of 2011. On the basis of the discussions held during these meetings a group of experts prepared a Background Report on the Urban Dimension of Cohesion Policy post 2013. The discussion on the Urban Dimension of Cohesion Policy was continued in a formal way during the Polish Presidency at the Meeting of Directors General and subsequently 6 - Cohesion Policy in Urban Practice Ministers responsible for urban development, Cohesion Policy and territorial cohesion. Also within the Effective Instruments Supporting Territorial Development conference proposals for instruments for urban areas were presented and discussed. The EUKN publication and the conference entitled “The Urban Dimension of Cohesion Policy: lessons learned from integrated urban projects” will be the final input of the Polish Presidency to the debate on the future Urban Dimension of the Cohesion Policy. I do hope that all our efforts to strengthen support for cities and towns within the Cohesion Policy will bear fruit after 2013. Piotr Zuber Director of the Department of Structural Policy Coordination Polish Ministry of Regional Development Cohesion Policy in Urban Practice - 7 Introduction In 2009, a few months after the collapse of the Lehman Brothers bank, the global professional ser- vices firm PriceWaterhouseCoopers launched a broad campaign that ended with the pay-off: “Never waste a good crisis. Time for a reset.” Intended or not, the pay-off referred to the Rahm’s doctrine, named after President Obama’s chief of staff, who responded to the financial crisis by saying: “You never want a serious crisis to go to waste. It’s an opportunity to do things you could not do before.” Rahm’s doctrine was not new; as a matter of fact it goes back to Machiavelli who, in the early 16th century, already observed: “Never waste the opportunities offered by a good crisis.” Today, we are still in the middle of the crisis. Of a series of crises. The financial crisis has affected the real economy. People have lost jobs, capital, sometimes even their homes. The global economy is at a turning point. Not just because of the shaky economic outlook on both sides of the Atlantic. Other grand challenges also require a “great reset”, to quote Richard Florida’s latest book: the environ- ment, health and aging, demographic changes, the housing market. Although inequality is falling globally, it is increasing locally, even within EU Member States. Unemployment figures vary between 3.7% and 21.2%. Whether we call it a great reset or not, most people agree that this is the time to work on in-depth reforms. This will be possible only with strong leadership within each and every level of governance, capacity building and awareness raising. A Link in a Chain: Cities Taking up Global Challenges It has been said before: cities are both part of the problem and part of the solution. In a recent study, the American urban economist Edward Glaeser made a case that cities will eventually make us richer, smarter, greener, healthier and happier. In a European context, cities also play a vital role in the challenges of the 21st century. Cities are home to the majority of jobs, firms and higher education institutes and their action is decisive in bringing about social cohesion. They are also the focal point of innovation, entrepreneurship and economic growth, areas in which the EU 2020 Strategy has set ambitious goals. At the same time, Europe observes serious challenges in cities. Cities are confronted with rising inequalities within urban areas or neighbourhoods relating to poverty, social exclusion and envi- ronmental issues. Some cities have to deal with matters relating to population growth, increases in property prices, lack of available land, traffic congestion, and overstretched public services. Yet other cities suffer from population loss, dereliction, unemployment or poor quality of the physical environ- ment. In order to moderate this contradiction, it is widely recognised that there is a strong need to take into account the Urban Dimension of EU policies and especially of Cohesion Policy. The main objective of Cohesion Policy is to narrow the gap between different regions (and urban areas), more precisely 8 - Cohesion Policy in Urban Practice between less-favoured regions and affluent ones. It is an instrument of financial solidarity and a pow- erful force for economic integration. In this light, Cohesion Policy plays and will continue to play an important role in
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