12 Maatsalu Nature Park L.Kask
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Energy production from biomass Click to edit Master title style of Matsalu Natural Park, Estonia Livia Kask, Ülo Kask, Department of Thermal Engineering, TUT International seminar ‚Sustainable grassland management: biodiversity conservation and alternative uses of grassland biomass“. 5-6. November, 2014, Sigulda, Latvia. opics • The potential of Estonian semi-natural grasslands • Matsalu Bay area and biomass resources there • Why use local biomass in district heating network • Lihula Parish and its DH company • From idea to practice œ reconstruction of Lihula boiler house • Wood chips and meadow hay co-combustion tests in Tartu, Aardla boiler house Location of some semi-natural grasslands in Estonia Heinsoo et al., 2010. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment he potential of Estonian semi-natural grasslands for bioenergy production Heinsoo et al., 2010. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment • One option for the usage of biomass from semi- natural grasslands is biofuels (solid, liquid or gaseous) production. • In 2007 the largest average annual biomass yield per area was achieved in floodplain meadows (5.7 t dry mass/ha). • In this case the potential for biomass production among Estonian semi-natural grasslands more than 113,000 t dry mass. • Due to lower average yield per area 2.5 t dry mass/ha, the potential of this meadow type was less than half of that of floodplain meadows - 53,000 t dry mass. • The corresponding numbers for wooded meadows were 1.6 t dry mass/ha and 12,000 t dry mass, respectively. Estimated annual potential biomass production and energetic value of different meadow types studied in Estonia. Heinsoo et al., 2010. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment • fw: biomass fresh weight; dw: biomass dry weight. • Potential methane production was based on the 3 assumption of 1 kg CP = 0.5m CH4 (according to Wheatley, 1980) Lihula Parish Area 384 km2 Inhabitants (2013) 2497 incl. Lihula Town 1399 Cultivated land 9000 ha Semi-natural grassland 6000 ha Forest land 13000 ha Others 10000 ha Under protection 47% of Parish territory, Matsalu National Park The mouth of Matsalu Bay. Photos: Tiit Kaljuste Matsalu National Park Matsalu National Park is situated in the western part of Estonia. Reserve was founded in 1957 mainly to protect nesting, moulting and migratory birds. In 1976 Matsalu was included to the list of wetlands of international importance under Ramsar convention. There are 282 species of birds, 49 species of fish and 47 species of mammals registered in the area of nature reserve, also 772 species of vascular plants. Also the landscapes are unique and deserve to be protected - floodplains, reed bed, coastal meadows, wooded meadows and islets. 0iomass resources of Matsalu National Park Sources: Tõnu Lausmaa, Energiakeskus "Taasen", 1999.a and ‚Feasibility study on proper technology of CHP running on reed fuel and preparing of tendering documents for technology supplier—, TUT DTE, 2006. Energy Heating Boiler Type of Mass, dry Area, ha value, equivalent, capacity, biomass tons/a GWh GWh MW Common 2500- reed 8870 41.7 33 6.3 3000 Meadow 1000 hay1 2000 9 7.2 1.4 (3000) Wood 400 2000 9.6 8.2 1.5 Total 12870 60.3 48,4 Remarks: 1 – 1000 hectare is recommended mowing area for energy purposes. Today only meadow hay is in use for heat production – mowing and baling is supported ~120€/ha. Reed cutting is not supported activity. Location of reed beds in Matsalu NP Photo: Tiit Kaljuste • Sedge reed bed - 490 ha, brown; shore reed bed 600 ha, yellow; maritime reed bed 1410 ha, blue 1hy use the biomass in DH network? • A large, diverse and unused biomass resources in area. • The need to maintain Matsalu National Park reed beds, meadows of the River Kasari and costal pastures œ it is mean the semi-natural grasslands in region. • Lihula urban district heating system based on expensive and polluting shale oil. The need to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. • The problem to solve - where to put the meadow hay after mowing and baling and remains of thatching reed!? • To reduce heat price and township fiscal costs in Lihula Parish. Location of resources around the Lihula town (boiler house) Lihula Town and DH network Average distance of hay mowing area from boiler house is 10-15 km Unused biomass œ potential energy resource The round bales of meadow hay in near the Kloostri village, autumn 2007. Next photos Margus Källe and Ülo Kask. 0iomass for energy Partially flooded meadows – the storing risk of fuel. • Square hay bales in the meadow of Kasari River, 2009. • New biomass fuel for Lihula boiler house. Reed harvested in Matsalu NP and products made from reed • Reed processing residues are suitable as bio fuel directly or for converting liquid and gaseous bio fuels or pressing to pellets and briquettes. Heating company in parish: OÜ LIHULA SOOJUS Owned 100% by Parish District heating network in Lihula town Fuels: previous – oil shale oil From 2009/2010 biomass (oil is back-up fuel). Heat production: average 3800 MWh/y. Heat consumption: average 3300 MWh/y Heat load: average 0.4-0.9 MW, Maximum 1.8 MW Boilers: Base-load : Danstoker – 1,8 MW (2009) Back-up: Danstoker Multimaiser - 1,23 MW (1995) District heating network - 2347 m pipelines Boiler house before reconstruction, summer 2008 Maa-amet @ Eesti Põhikaart 4rom idea to practice • The idea of uè sing biomass resources of Matsalu National Park in Lihula boiler house arose in the 1990s (Alex Lotman). • Matsalu landscapes began to change rapidly birdlife unfavourably, overgrown with reed and bushes. • Between 2001 and 2006 have made three thorough studies of the biomass resource mobilization and economic feasibility determination. Last one made in Department of Thermal Engineering of TUT (project leader Ülo Kask). • It was found that to take into use the local biomass resources as fuel for Lihula boiler house would be favourable and useful, heat price will drop down. 4inancing of the activities • All activities from 2001-2009 œ consulting, planning, designing and constructing - were partially financed with several projects, bank loans and own funds. - Phare PPF II œ 24 000⁄. - European Regional Development Fund œ 32 000⁄. - EEA Grants (Island, Lichtenstein and Norway) œ 0,38 M⁄. - Loans and own funds œ 0,38 M⁄. Reconstruction of Lihula boiler house • Summer-autumn 2008 public procurement • Building contract between OÜ Lihula Soojus and AS Tamult 19.12.2008. • The deadline for completion of reconstructing work - 31.08.2009. • Constructing works started in 4th of May 2008. • The contract volume was 11.5 million Estonian crones or 0.735 M⁄ (excluding VAT). Reconstruction stages Fuel storage Reconstruction stages II • Bale conveyer; square and round bales and wood chips (alternative fuel) in the storage Reconstruction stages III • Left œ new boiler • Right œ old back-up boiler 7utside view of the reconstructed boiler house Lesson learned • Approximately one third of Matsalu meadow hay a year using in Lihula boiler house. • If there are difficulties to harvest hay on meadows (flooding) then could be used alternative fuels as wood chips , straw and field grass (hay). • Hay and wood chips can‘t be used simultaneously (one day hay, next day chips œ different feeding equipment and burning regimes needed). • Maximum heating capacity with hay fuel is 1,5- 1,6 MW, coefficient of efficiency max 85%. • Pre-cutting (length of stem pieces is 10-15 cm) and baled (square and round bales) hay (straw, reed) can be used in boiler house. Lesson learned II • The boiler has the moving grate and need to burn dry fuel. • The moisture content of herbaceous biomass have to be less than 18% (in order to prevent the mould) and moisture content of wood chips less than 35%. • 1350-1400 tons of meadow hay is used in heating season (approx. 3000 square bales). • The price of meadow hay is 43-45 ⁄/t (11-12⁄/MWh). Heat price for consumers ~58 ⁄/MWh. In DH networks using shale oil the consumers price on average 70-80 ⁄/MWh (without VAT). • The grate need to be replace in summer 2015. • Fuel feeding system has been repaired a few times. • The ash screw conveyer has repaired, erosion signs (ash is silica rich) • The boiler is working well, is not noticeable corrosion. • If the load of boiler is high, over 1,4 MW, noticed signs of melting of ash and slag formation. Co-combustion tests of wood chips and meadow hay in Aardla boiler house, Tartu. 8 MW boiler + pre- furnace Boiler house, shredding of hay, layer of hay on the wood chips in storage, the mixture of fuels (max 15% of hay by mass) moving to conveyer belt, pre-furnace (Swedish)+ boiler DKVR-10-13 (SSSR). Co-combustion tests in Tartu • The combustion tests were done in early spring 2009 in Aardla boiler house, Tartu. • Experiments lasted for two days. • The hay were harvested and baled (2008) on the meadows of river Emajõgi, approx. 25 km from boiler house • The bales were shredded by special machine in the storage and the hay were blown on the piles of wood chips • The boiler was running on capacity of 8 MW and after adding ~15% of hay by mass the capacity drop down to 7 MW. • Reason: Conveyors are unable to provide a fluffy grass as much as the wood chips. Thank you! Questions and comments to Ülo Kask – [email protected].