DOCSLIB.ORG

Communities of Kurilo and Žabljak Crnojevića

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Communities of Kurilo and Žabljak Crnojevića Communities of Kurilo and Žabljak Crnojevića Capacity Assessment Report Third ECIS Disaster Risk Reduction Community of Practice Workshop Montenegro, 4-6 June 2012 1 A team of practitioners visited the communities of Žabljak Crnojevića and Kurilo in order to conduct community capacity assessments for natural disasters. The purpose of the field visit was to provide the practitioners with a local hazard, risk and vulnerability context and to use their expertise in coming up with findings and recommendations. 2 CONTENTS 1. Country Context………………………………………………………………………… ………………….. 4 1.1 Geography 1.2 Main Natural Hazards 2. DRR Governance and Institutional Arrangements in Montenegro…….. …………..7 3. Communities in Kurilo and Žabljak Crnojevića………………………. …………………….. 8 3.1 Communities of Kurilo and Žabljak Crnojevića – Flood Preparedness Plan 4. Mission Findings ………………………………………………………………… ………….. ………….11 4.1 Mission Findings: Municipality 4.2 Flood Preparedness 4.3 Preparedness at the Municipal Level 4.4 Mission Findings: Kurilo Village 4.5 Mission Findings Žabljak Crnojevića 5. Conclusion and Recommendations …………………………………….. ………………….. …14 5.1 Flood risk – Acceptable (level of) Risk for the Communities of Kurilo and Zabljak Crnojevica 5.2 Recommendations 3 1. Country Context 1.1 Geography Montenegro (meaning “Black Mountain”) s a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and boarders Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo and Albania. Montenegro ranges from high peaks along its borders with Serbia and Albania, a segment of the Karst of the western Balkan Peninsula, to a narrow coastal plain that is only one to four miles (6km) wide. The plain stops abruptly in the north where Mount Lovcen and Mount Orjen plunge into the inlet of the Bay of Kotor. 1.2 Main Natural Hazards The most prevalent natural hazards in Montenegro are earthquakes, floods, flash floods, extreme meteorological phenomena, avalanches, regional fires and landslides. An analysis of the last five years shows the increasing trend of frequency and intensity of extreme meteorological events in Montenegro. These include unprecedented levels of precipitation and warmer winter temperatures which prevents rain from becoming snow. Historic data 4 on flooding in Montenegro shows that in the period of 1979-1997 there were only 5 major floods. However, from 2004 to 2010, floods occurred a staggering 6 times. The biggest floods were recorded in the upper flow of the Tara and the Lim rivers in 1963 and 1979, and then at the end of 1999 and in the first half of 2000. The December 2010 floods were unprecedented in both water levels and extent of area affected in 12 out of 21 municipalities in Montenegro. Transport routes, electricity supply and communication lines between the northern region and the rest of the country were obstructed for a certain period of time and 1.5% of the population had to be evacuated. The ‘Post-Disaster Needs Assessment following the November – December 2010 Flood Disaster’ in Montenegro, estimated the total damages and losses at approximately € 44 million, at 1.49% of the 2009 GDP. In January 2012, the country faced a cold freeze , with heavy snowfall blocking access to life line services and communications for many communities in the mountainous areas. The Government declared a state of emergency and national and international resources had to be mobilized to provide humanitarian relief to the stranded. Almost all of Montenegro is exposed to frequent seismic events, especially the coastal area, the Zeta-Skadar depression, and the Berane basin. Around 40% of country’s territory is within a zone of anticipated seismic intensity greater or equal to magnitude 8 on the Richter scale. This affects some 60% of the country’s population. A devastating earthquake in April 1979 occurred in the coast and wider area of Skadar Lake, causing damages amounting to $4 billion, affecting 100,418 people, and killing 136 people. There is a high probability of that strong earthquakes would activate large landslides and rockslides. Meteorological hazards include floods and drought. Strong droughts and increased summer temperature were recorded in the period 1981-90, and especially from 2000-10. According to available projections, by 2030 temperature will rise 0.60 to 1.3°C, depending on the season and the area. Owing to changes in precipitation, there will be a sharp increase in 5 variability of river flow, characterized by both flooding and hydrological drought. Coastal flooding and storm surges will significantly increase. Little information is available concerning specific disaster vulnerabilities and capacities. Much data is merged with that of Serbia. Vulnerabilities include deteriorated water infrastructure and unsustainable water management practices, unplanned land use, inappropriate forest and mineral resource exploitation, and outdated building codes. Capacity needs identified 1 in various studies include the establishment of a National Platform for disaster risk reduction, developing a country-level GIS database for spatial planning, preparing a disaster management plan for the country, developing legislation on land-use planning and building codes. Rapid economic development in Montenegro since independence has increased the country’s vulnerability to risk to various disasters. According to data from the Real Estate Directorate there are 39,922 informally constructed structures in Montenegro though as per some unofficial accounts this number exceeds 100,000- with high level of seismic risk and vulnerability to floods. Developmental challenges pertaining to vulnerability of specific groups of population and to regional disparities remain. The Roma, Ashkalia and Egyptian (RAE) population is by far the poorest, most vulnerable and marginalized, with a poverty rate of 36%. 2 The low-capacities and lack of preparedness planning are all the more a risk for Montenegro since it is located in South Eastern Europe- a region that is projected to experience the impacts of climate change in a more intense manner than other region. Coupled with its geographic locations, the analysis of the meteorological trends (climate anomalies and extremes are showing up more frequently and presenting more intensely), and forecasts (demonstrated link between Green House Gas emissions and extreme events) all indicate that a more frequent occurrence of extreme events and their more intense presentation will be Montenegro’s reality at least in the short to medium term. This trend is likely to lock the population living in the flood prone areas into intractable process of dealing with flood related damages and losses. Montenegro is facing severe fiscal constraints as a result of the economic crisis and it remains unlikely that public funding will be allocated for training and capacity building for developing preparedness planning. 1 UNDP BCPR, Disaster Risk Reduction Capacity Assessment Report for Montenegro, April 2011. 2 National Human Development Report, Montenegro, 2009. 6 2. DRR Governance and Institutional Arrangements in Montenegro The Law on Protection and Rescue (2007) defines the responsibilities, rights and obligation of citizens, legal entities, local self-government, and state administrative bodies pertaining to protection and rescue. A National Strategy for Emergency Situations has been adopted by the Government in 2006. The National and Local Plans for Protection and Rescue are meant to be adopted at the national and municipal levels and at the level of specific companies. 3 The National Strategy of Sustainable Development (2007) and Spatial Plan of Montenegro (2006) are other instruments identifying risk mitigation measures. The Montenegrin National Forestry Policy and National Forest Inventory maps potential threats to the forests. The law on Montenegrin Red Cross identifies the Red Cross role in emergencies; training, evacuation support, family unification, tracing and first aid. The 2010 law on Hydro-meteorological Matters and Law on Hydrographic Activities gives mandate to the Hydro-meteorological Institute of Montenegro to issue warnings. The Ministry of Interior and Public Administration (Internal Affairs) is mandated for risk management, preparedness and response since 2004. The Sector for Emergency Management (Extraordinary Situations) subordinate to the ministry was established in 2004 and has started considering DRR since 2010. 4 Talks on establishment of a National Platform on DRR are ongoing. 3 Law of Protection and Rescue, Official Gazette of Montenegro 13/07, Article 8 4 IPA Beneficiary Country Needs Assessment, Montenegro 7 3. Communities in Kurilo and Žabljak Crnojevića Each one of the 34 households in Kurilo was affected by the 2010 floods. Since the community is located close to Lake Skadar, the area was inundated with water for a significant length of time, leading to substantial loss and discomfort. The community falls under the Golubovci municipal area. (a sub-division on Municipality of Podgorica) Alternatively, the community of Žabljak Crnojevića is geographically close to Golubovci, though it technically falls under the Cetinje municipality. It stands as an interesting case study as the community has to depend on the Rescue Services of Cetinje during emergencies, despite the fact that it would be easier to rely on Golubovci. Though the Rescue Services are active and there is a need for the early warning system to be strengthened. The community was isolated and under water during the 2010 floods. Since
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Montenegro's Tribal Legacy
    WARNING! The views expressed in FMSO publications and reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Montenegro's Tribal Legacy by Major Steven C. Calhoun, US Army Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS. This article appeared in Military Review July-August 2000 The mentality of our people is still very patriarchal. Here the knife, revenge and a tribal (plemenski) system exist as nowhere else.1 The whole country is interconnected and almost everyone knows everyone else. Montenegro is nothing but a large family—all of this augurs nothing good. —Mihajlo Dedejic2 When the military receives an order to deploy into a particular area, planners focus on the terrain so the military can use the ground to its advantage. Montenegro provides an abundance of terrain to study, and it is apparent from the rugged karst topography how this tiny republic received its moniker—the Black Mountain. The territory of Montenegro borders Croatia, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Serbia and Albania and is about the size of Connecticut. Together with the much larger republic of Serbia, Montenegro makes up the current Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY). But the jagged terrain of Montenegro is only part of the military equation. Montenegro has a complex, multilayered society in which tribe and clan can still influence attitudes and loyalties. Misunderstanding tribal dynamics can lead a mission to failure. Russian misunderstanding of tribal and clan influence led to unsuccessful interventions in Afghanistan and Chechnya.3 In Afghanistan, the rural population's tribal organization facilitated their initial resistance to the Soviets.
    [Show full text]
  • Podgorice, Grade Moj Radile: Popovic Mia, Minic Jana Ix-F Podgorica
    PODGORICE, GRADE MOJ RADILE: POPOVIC MIA, MINIC JANA IX-F PODGORICA . Ime Pogorica dobila je po brdu Gorica, u čijem se podnozju nalazi. Nekoliko puta ime grada je mijenjano: od Birziminijuma i Alate u robovlasničkom poretku, preko predfeudalnog – Ribnica, te feudalnog, našeg i turskog, Podgorica, sve do 1946 kada je ponijela ime Josipa Broza – Tita, tadašnjeg revolcuionara i predsjednika SFRJ i dobila naziv Titograd. 1992 godine Titogradu je vraćeno ime Podgorica, koje i danas nosi. 2 SIMBOLI PODGORICE - Zastava Podgorice, zajedno sa grbom, je simbol grada Podgorice, glavnog grada Crne Gore. Trenutna zastava je na snazi od 2006. godine. Zastava je bijele osnove, sa dvije horizontalne i jednom prelomljenom plavom prugom. Pruge predstavljaju Duklju i Meteon. Metaforički, one predstavljaju temelj današnje Podgorice. Treća, prelomljena linija, predstavlja arhitektonske simbole Podgorice, odnosto most Millenium. - Grb Podgorice je zvanični grb crnogorskog glavnog grada Podgorice, koji je usvojen 30. marta 2006. godine. Autor grba je Srđan Marlović. - Srebrna boja štita predstavlja vodu. Među svim karakteristikama Glavnog grada, najvažnije je bogatstvo vodom (6 reka i Skadarsko jezero, najveće jezero na Balkanu). -Bedemska kruna predstavlja Podgoricu kao glavni grad. - Dva srebrna lava koji pridržavaju grb uzeti su sa najstarijeg poznatog grba Podgorice, onog kojeg je koristio Božidar Vuković-Podgoričanin. - Vinova loza ispod štita i njegovih držača predstavlja vinograde po kojima je podgorički kraj poznat. - Cenar grba ima isti dizajn kao zastava, samim tim I znacenje. 3 OSNOVNE GEOGRAFSKE KARAKTERISTIKE PODGORICE Podgorica je smještena u centralnom dijelu Crne Gore, u predjelu ispresijecanom riječnim koritima. Rijeke Morača i Ribnica protiču kroz sam grad, dok Zeta, Cijevna, Sitnica i Mareza protiču u njegovoj neposrednoj blizini.
    [Show full text]
  • Montenegro Guidebook
    MONTENEGRO PREFACE Podgorica, the capital of Montenegro, lies in a broad plain crossed by five rivers and surrounded by mountains, just 20 kilometers from the Albanian border. The city has a population of around 180,000 people. Bombed into rubble during World War II, Podgorica was rebuilt into a modern urban center, with high-rise apartment buildings and new office and shopping developments. While the latest Balkan war had a low impact on the physical structures, the economic sanctions had a devastating effect on employment and infrastructure. With the help of foreign investment, urban renewal is evident throughout the city, but much of it may still appear run down. Podgorica has a European-style town center with a pedestrian- only walking street (mall) and an assortment of restaurants, cafes, and boutiques. To many, its principal attraction is as a base for the exploration of Montenegro’s natural beauty, with mountains and wild countryside all around and the stunning Adriatic coastline less than an hour away. This is a mountainous region with barren moorlands and virgin forests, with fast-flowing rivers and picturesque lakes; Skadar Lake in particular is of ecological significance. The coastline is known for its sandy beaches and dramatic coves: for example, Kotor – the city that is protected by UNESCO and the wonderful Cathedral of Saint Typhoon; the unique baroque Perast; Saint George and Our Lady of the Rock islands – all locations that tell a story of a lasting civilization and the wealth of the most wonderful bay in the world. The area around the city of Kotor is a UNESCO World Heritage site for its natural beauty and historic significance.
    [Show full text]
  • Development and Approval of the Budget in Water Supply System
    DEVELOPMENT AND APPROVAL OF THE BUDGET IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Authors: Božo Đikanović /Finance Director/d.o.o “Vodovod i kanalizacija” Podgorica, Podgorica, /Montenegro Jadranka Pavićević /Head of Center for Quality/DOO “Vodovod i kanalizacija – Cetinje”, Cetinje /Montenegro Marjana Kaluđerović /Head of Sector of Ecology and integrated management systems/Kombinat aluminijuma Podgorica, Podgorica/Montenegro B.ĐIKANOVIĆ, J.PAVIĆEVIĆ AND M.KALUĐEROVIĆ - DEVELOPMENT AND APPROVAL OF THE BUDGET IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM INTRODUCTION | Water is precious natural resorce. The Goverment has formulated Strategy sustainable rearsch for ensuring suinstable use of water resources. Our company is to support the municipality in meeting these goals with functions continuous water supply for citizens with good water quality. In order to achieve the set goals of principles of sustainability of the water supply and public health protection it must be achieved all the specific goals in specific processes. | It is necessary for the planned activities at the level of all processes make a plan of action and assessment of fixed costs and investments. For achieve economy and efficiency of operations will be used resistance da ta from other water systems. Prepara tion of the operating bu dge t and capital budget are a major segment of the financial activity, and is of great significance monitoring challenges arising in the EU accession process. It should also be noted first of all given to training for the accumula tion of know le dge and skills to achieve the set tar ge t. | The implementation Scada applications support the management of production and distribution of water, and water quality monitoring.
    [Show full text]
  • A Multiscalar Research Project, Following an Ancient Decumanus in Montenegro
    2020 IMEKO TC-4 International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Trento, Italy, October 22-24, 2020 A multiscalar research project, following an ancient decumanus in Montenegro Lucia Alberti1, Francesca Colosi2, Pasquale Merola 3 1 Institute of Heritage Sciences, National Research Council of Italy – Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Via Salaria km 29,300 CP 10 – 00015 Monterotondo St., ITALY, [email protected] 2 Institute of Heritage Sciences, National Research Council of Italy – Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Via Salaria km 29,300 CP 10 – 00015 Monterotondo St., ITALY, [email protected] 3 Institute of Heritage Sciences, National Research Council of Italy – University Campus of Lecce, via per Monteroni, Lecce, ITALY, [email protected] Abstract – A multidisciplinary project is being carried knowledge of the site and then to fashion and carry through out by an Italian-Montenegrin team in the Roman town an improved design for a sustainable plan on its relaunch. of Doclea in Montenegro. Applying a multi- and After establishing a diachronic reconstruction of Doclea interdisciplinary approach and multiscalar analysis to and the cultural landscape of its valley from the Bronze the site and its surrounding territory, it has been Age to the medieval period, our ultimate goal is to make possible to identify traces of the decumanus maximus, the territory more visible, making it more attractive for the not only in the public centre of the city, where the main application of new technologies. Through these last the road was partially already excavated, but also outside knowledge gained can be circulated, the populace the walls of the town, even into the suburbs of the revitalized and cultural tourism encouraged.
    [Show full text]
  • Contacts Between Duklja/Zeta and the Apennine Peninsula in the Middle Ages As a Topic in Montenegrin Periodicals in 1835–1941
    Vasilj Jovović* https://doi.org/10.2298/BALC1748229J UDC 050(497.16)"1835/1941" Faculty of Philosophy 930.85(497.16:450)"1835/1941" University of Montenegro 008(497.16:450)"1835/1941" Nikšić Original scholarly work http://www.balcanica.rs Contacts between Duklja/Zeta and the Apennine Peninsula in the Middle Ages as a Topic in Montenegrin Periodicals in 1835–1941 Abstract: This paper shows that continuity of connections between Duklja/Zeta and the Apennine Peninsula during the middle ages, which were manifested both in the political and in the cultural sphere, attracted attention as a topic in the periodical press issued in the territory of present-day Montenegro from 1835 to 1941. The paper offers a systematized overview of such, for the most part descriptive, texts on political and cultural links between what now are Montenegro and Italy in the middle ages. Keywords: Montenegrin periodicals, middle ages, cultural contacts, Duklja, Zeta, Apennine Peninsula he periodicals published in the territory of present-day Montenegro from T1835 – when the first periodical was started, the almanacGrlica ( Turtle - dove), until 1941– when the Second World War began, allotted some space to political and cultural links between Duklja/Zeta1 and the Apennine Peninsula during the middle ages. Contributors to the Montenegrin periodical press in the observed period found inspiration for their texts in the common political framework of lands that now constitute Montenegro and Italy (within the Byz- antine Empire, under the Republic of Venice), the spreading of Christianity and literacy (Beneventan script), the cult of saints (St Michael and St Nicholas), the practice of founding and endowing churches (St Nicholas in Bari) or marriage ties between ruling families (Vojislavljević, Crnojević).
    [Show full text]
  • PROSTOR POSEBNI OTISAK/ 62-73 Znanstveni Prilozi Sanja Vlahoviæ Nenad Lipovac Svetislav G.Popoviæ
    PROSTOR 24 [2016] 1 [51] ZNANSTVENI ÈASOPIS ZA ARHITEKTURU I URBANIZAM A SCHOLARLY JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING SVEUÈILIŠTE POSEBNI OTISAK / SEPARAT OFFPRINT U ZAGREBU, ARHITEKTONSKI FAKULTET Znanstveni prilozi Scientific Papers UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB, FACULTY 62-73 Svetislav G. Popoviæ Planning and Creating Planiranje i stvaranje OF ARCHITECTURE Nenad Lipovac Place Identity for Podgorica Prepoznatljivosti mjesta Sanja Vlahoviæ as Observed Through Historic grada Podgorice oèitano kroz ISSN 1330-0652 CODEN PORREV Urban Planning povijesne urbanistièke planove UDK | UDC 71/72 UDC 711.4-122 (16.16 Podgorica) ”19/20” UDK 711.4-122 (16.16 Podgorica) ”19/20” 24 [2016] 1 [51] 1-130 1-6 [2016] Fig. 1 Aerial view of central Podgorica by the confluence of Ribnica and Moraèa River Sl. 1. Zraèna snimka središnjeg dijela Podgorice pokraj ušæa Ribnice u Moraèu PROSTOR Scientific Papers | Znanstveni prilozi 24[2016] 1[51] 63 Svetislav G. Popoviæ1, Nenad Lipovac2, Sanja Vlahoviæ1 1 University of Montenegro 1 Univerzitet Crne Gore Faculty of Architecture Arhitektonski fakultet MNE - 81000 Podgorica, George Washington bb MNE - 81000 Podgorica, George Washington bb 2 University of Zagreb 2 Sveuèilište u Zagrebu Faculty of Architecture Arhitektonski fakultet HR - 10000 Zagreb, Kaèiæeva 26 HR - 10000 Zagreb, Kaèiæeva 26 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Preliminary Communication Prethodno priopæenje UDC 711.4-122 (16.16 Podgorica) ”19/20” UDK 711.4-122 (16.16 Podgorica) ”19/20” Technical Sciences / Architecture and Urban Planning Tehnièke znanosti / Arhitektura i urbanizam 2.01.02. - Urban and Physical Planning 2.01.02.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Distribution and Taxonomic Status of Gobio Gobio from the Morača River Basin (Montenegro)
    Folia Zool. – 54 (Suppl. 1): 73–80 (2005) Notes on the distribution and taxonomic status of Gobio gobio from the Morača River basin (Montenegro) Radek ŠANDA1, Věra LUSKOVÁ2 and Jasna VUKIĆ3 1 National Museum, Department of Zoology, Václavské náměstí 68, 115 79 Praha, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Ecology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Praha, Czech Republic Received 30 November 2004; Accepted 20 March 2005 A b s t r a c t . The occurrence of common gudgeon in the River Morača drainage of southern Montenegro was investigated. Low numbers of specimens were recorded in four out of five localities investigated on the Zeta River and at a single locality on the lower part of the River Morača. Allozyme analysis revealed that the specimens examined belong to the species Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758). The lower number of lateral line scales in common gudgeon from the Ohrid-Drim-Skadar system, as compared with other European populations, probably indicates clinal variability. The results also demonstrate that the subspecies Gobio gobio ohridanus Karaman, 1924 is not a valid taxon. Key words: common gudgeon, distribution, taxonomy, Adriatic Sea drainage, Zeta River Introduction The common gudgeon, Gobio gobio (Linneaus, 1758), is a species widely distributed in Eu- rope. A number of subspecies and lower categories of Gobio gobio have been described (K o t - t e l a t 1997, B ă n ă r e s c u et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Fifth International Scientific Agricultural Symposium „Agrosym 2014“
    Fifth International Scientific Agricultural Symposium „Agrosym 2014“ Professional paper 10.7251/AGSY14041117D THE POTENTALS OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF PODGORICA IN AGRICULTURE AND TOURISM AND THEIR EVALUTION Miroslav DODEROVIC1, Dragomir KICOVIC2 1University of Montenegro, Faculty of Philosophy, Niksic, Montenegro 2Faculty of Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Podgorica municipality covers a territory area of 144 100 ha and lies on the banks of the six rivers (Moraca, Ribnica, Zeta, Cijevna, Mareza and Sitnica). The borders of Podgorica are partly natural and relatively clearly differentiated in relation to the neighboring municipalities of Cetinje, Crikvenica, Kolasin and Andrijevica), borders to the Skadar Lake, and the border with Albania. Southern and southeastern border is to the Skadar Lake. Podgorica - the capital has a population of 180,132, with an average density of 117.4 inhabitants per km2 (twice the average at the state level). The structure of land use in the area of Podgorica is dominated by agricultural land (42.9%), forest land (29.3%) and settlements, roads, rocks, water bodies (lakes and rivers) and other (27.8%). Podgorica has its tourist potential and the opportunity to enrich the tourist content, the commercial, transit, winter sports tourism (Veruša and Komovi), sightseeing (Gorica, Ljubović) and recreationally - resort, tourism of Skadar Lake, hunting, sports, spa, shopping, wellness tourism. The aim of this paper is to show the connection between tourism and agriculture in the area of Podgorica. Tourist valorization, as the process of evaluation and assessment of natural and anthropogenic values of importance for tourism, takes into account, among other things, agriculture and its potential.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of the Chemical and Isotopic Investigations of the Mareza Springs and the Zeta River in Montenegro
    water Article Overview of the Chemical and Isotopic Investigations of the Mareza Springs and the Zeta River in Montenegro Katarina Živkovi´c 1,* , Milan Radulovi´c 2 , Sonja Lojen 3 and Mira Pucarevi´c 4 1 “Water Supply and Sewerage” LLC, Zetskih vladara bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro 2 Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Montenegro, Dzordza Vasingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro; [email protected] 3 Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] 4 Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Educons, Vojvode Putnika 87, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: + 382-20-440-102 Received: 18 February 2020; Accepted: 23 March 2020; Published: 28 March 2020 Abstract: The Mareza karst aquifer is the most important drinking water resource for the water supply system of the City of Podgorica, the capital of Montenegro. This study presents the first assessment for the determination of the Mareza catchment area. Water chemistry and stable isotopic composition (δ18O and δ2H) of monthly precipitation samples (as inputs) are presented, in order to determine the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) for the study area, and to analyze the behavior of the karst spring Mareza (as output) and the Zeta River water. The possible impact of the river on the Mareza springs was also investigated. Stable isotope compositions were used to analyze the origin of the four springs of the Mareza aquifer. Seasonal variations of δ18O and δ2H values and deuterium excess (d excess) changes in precipitation are explained by the mixing of air masses, such that a Mediterranean source prevails in the winter period, while in the summer period, the area is rather under the influence of air mass originating from the Atlantic Ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • DRUŠTVENE PRILIKE U ZETI ZA VRIJEME KNJAŽEVINE/KRALJEVINE CRNE GORE Ivan Tepavčević
    DRUŠTVENE PRILIKE U ZETI ZA VRIJEME KNJAŽEVINE/KRALJEVINE CRNE GORE Ivan Tepavčević In this paper, we deal with the examination and analysis of the process of social development and modernization process in Zeta in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, as well as changes and activities of institutions that are involved in these processes. Krajem XIX i početkom XX vijeka Crna Gora je prolazila kroz vrlo intenzivan i jedan od najznačajnijih perioda u istoriji svog postojanja. U svega nekoliko godina zbili su se, na jednoj strani, ekonomski uspon i probuđena očekivanja u više domete državnog, političkog i privrednog razvoja, a na drugoj strani tin - jali su, izbijajući na površinu sa manje ili više razornim posljedicama, znaci društvene, ekonomske i političke krize. Promjene su bile vidljive u tržišnom, monetarnom, poreskom, bankarskom sistemu – a pratila ih je i odgovarajuća nova zakonska regulativa. Napravljen je napredak i u političkom životu usvajanjem tekovina modernih građanskih država, što je bilo izraženo kasnije u donošenju ustava i uvođenju parla - mentarnog sistema vlasti. Istorijske prilike – obilježene kratko - trajnim periodima oslobođenim od rata i razmišljanja o ratu – pogodovale su takvom odnosu države i društva. www. maticacrnogorska.me MATICA, br. 70, ljeto 2017. 307 Ivan Tepavčević Za Crnu Goru, poslije Berlinskog kongresa, nastalo je „novo doba“. Sticanje državne nezavisnosti predstavljalo je istorijsku prekretnicu. Političke reforme idu zajedno sa reformom ekonomije, čitavim setom finansijskih zakona i trgovinskih kon - vencija, reformom obrazovanja i prosvjete, ključnih institucija države. Pokušaji modernizacije Crne Gore od sticanja nezavis - nosti do kraja Prvog svjetskog rata značajni su zato što su se u njima manifestovale neke karakteristike dramatičnog prelaza patrijarhalnog u moderno društvo.
    [Show full text]
  • Podgorica'nın Kısa Bir Tarihçesi
    Podgorica’nın Kısa Bir Tarihçesi The Short History of Podgorica Adnan Pepiç∗ Özet Podgorica bugün Karadağ Cumhuriyeti’nin başkentidir. Aynı zamanda bu cumhuriyetin en büyük şehridir. Verimli Zeta ovasında yer aldığı ve özellikle ticari yollar üzerinde bulunduğundan dolayı Podgorica, gelişmiş ve tarihte muhtelif devletlerde önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. Karadağ’da Slavların kurmuş oldukları Zeta Devleti’nde Podgorica önemli bir yerleşim birimiydi. Sırplar, 15. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Zeta devletini alarak Podgorica’yı merkezlerinden biri haline getirmişlerdir. Osmanlıların Podgorica’yı fetihleri 15. yüzyılın ortalarına rastlamaktadır, burası kaza olarak İşkodra sancağına bağlanmıştır. Osmanlı döneminde Balkan yarımadasında önemli şehirlerden biri haline gelmiştir. Özellikle, 19. yüzyılda önemi iyice artmıştır. Aslında, Osmanlı döneminde kurulan şehir hakkında bugün Türkiye’de fazla bilgi olmadığı gibi konuyla ilgili olarak Türkçe bir yayın da bulunmamaktadır. Genel olarak Türkiye’de Karadağ ile ilgili çok az şey bilinmektedir. Bu sebeple, bu kısa çalışmayla Türkiye’de ilmî kamuoyunu bilgilendirmek amaçlanmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Podgorica, Karadağ, İşkodra, Osmanlı, Zeta Abstract Today, Podgorica is the capital of Republic of Montenegro. It is, at the same time, the biggest city in the Republic. The city had an important role in the history of various countries, thanks to its position in the fertile lowlands of Zeta, and especially due to the fact that it was located at the very crossroad of the major trade roads. Podgorica was an important settlement in the State of Zeta, established by the Slavs. Serbs, after conquering Zeta in the first part of the 15th century, made Podgorica one of its centers. Ottomans conquered Podgorica by mid of 15th century, and annexed it, as a circuit district (kaza) to the Province of Scutari.
    [Show full text]