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Kualitas Perairan Sungai Kampar Desa Buluhcina, Kec. Siak Hulu, Kab

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Kualitas Perairan Sungai Kampar Desa Buluhcina, Kec. Siak Hulu, Kab Kualitas Perairan Sungai Kampar Desa Buluhcina, Kec. Siak Hulu, Kab. Kampar di Tinjau dari Struktur Komunitas Perifiton dan Indeks Kualitas Air Oleh: Ken Radityo Gautama 1), Nur El Fajri 2), Adriman 2) [email protected] Abstrak Sungai Kampar menerima bahan organik dari berbagai aktivitas disepanjang sungai dan kemudian berdampak negative bagi kualitas air secara keseluruhan. Untuk mengetahui kualitas air berdaarkan struktur komunitas perifiton dan indeks IKA-NSF, penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan dari Januari – maret 2017. Terdapat 5 titik sampling. Pengambilan air sampel dilakukan 3 kali/minggu. Kualitas Air yang diukur yakni suhu, kekeruhan, kecerahan, kecepatan arus, TSS, kedalaman, pH, DO, BOD5, nitrat, phosphat dan perifiton yang ditemukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat 5 kelas perifiton yang ditemukan yaitu Cyanophyceae (8 jenis), Chlorophyceae (16 jenis), Bacillarophyceae (18 jenis), Xantophyceae (2 jenis) dan Euglenophyceae (2 jenis). Hasil pengukuran kualitas air: Suhu 30.3-310C, kekeruhan 8.1-11.22 NTU, kecerahan 61.25-79 cm, kecepagtan arus 25-36 cm/s, TSS 10.3–16.17 mg/L, TDS 11.17– 16.75 mg/L, kedalaman 17-138 cm, pH 5–5.17, DO 5.47– 6.23 mg/L, BOD5 2.59–3.38 mg/L, nitrat 0.0822-0.1803 mg/L dan phosphat 0.4352-0.4823 mg/L. Indeks kualitas air menunjukan angka 62-66, ini menunjukan bahwa sungai masih dalam kategori sedang. Kata kunci : Sungai Kampar, Kualitas Air, IKA-NSF, Perifiton 1) Student of the Fisheries and Marine Sciences Faculty, Riau University 2) Lecture of the Fisheries and Marine Sciences Faculty, Riau University Water Quality of the Kampar River, Kampar Regency based on Periphyton community structure and WQI-NSF Index By: Ken Radityo Gautama 1), Nur El Fajri 2), Adriman 2) [email protected] Abstract The Kampar River received pollutants originated from anthropogenic activities along the river and thus negatively affect the water quality in general. To understand the water quality of the river based on periphyton community structure and WQI-NSF Index, a research was conducted from January to March 2017. There were five (5) sampling points. Water samples were taken 3 times/ week. Water quality parameters measured were temperature, turbidity, transparency, current speed, total suspended solid, depth, pH, DO, BOD5, nitrate, phosphate and types of periphyton present. Results shown that there were 5 classes of periphyton present, namely Cyanophyceae (8 species), Chlorophyceae (16 species), Bacillarophyceae (18 species), Xantophyceae (2 species) and Euglenophyceae (2 species). Water quality parameters are as follows : Temperature 30.3-310C, turbidity 8.1-11.22 FTU, transparency 61.25-79 cm, current speed 25-36 cm/s, TSS 10.3–16.17 mg/L, TDS 11.17– 16.75 mg/L, depth 17-138 cm, pH 5– 5.17, dissolved oxygen 5.47– 6.23 mg/L, BOD5 2.59–3.38 mg/L, nitrate 0.0822-0.1803 mg/L and phosphate 0.4352-0.4823 mg/L. The value of the WQI-NSF index was 62-66, indicates that the river is on moderate condition. Keywords : Kampar River, Water Quality, WQI-NSF, Periphyton 3) Student of the Fisheries and Marine Sciences Faculty, Riau University 4) Lecture of the Fisheries and Marine Sciences Faculty, Riau University PENDAHULUAN komunitas perifiton dan indeks kualitas air. Latar Belakang Adapun manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah Sungai Kampar yang melalui sebagai sarana informasi mengenai kualitas Kecamatan Siak Hulu merupakan salah satu perairan Sungai Kampar Kecamatan Siak sungai yang terdapat banyak aktifitas salah Hulu ditinjau dari struktur komunitas satunya yang memberi pengaruh terhadap perifiton dan Indeks Kualitas Air. Hasil kualitas air sungai adalah kegiatan budidaya penelitian ini juga diharapkan dapat ikan keramba. Kegiatan ini kemungkinan digunakan sebagai acuan serta masukan besar dapat memberi sumbangan berupa dalam pemanfaatan atau pengelolaan bahan organik yang menyebabkan terjadinya perairan Sungai Kampar dimasa yang akan penurunan kualitas air baik secara fisika, datang, terutama Sungai Kampar Kecamatan kimia maupun biologi yang akan Siak Hulu Desa Buluhcina. berpengaruh terhadap biota yang ada di dalam perairan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, Hipotesis perlu dilakukan penelitian di Sungai Kampar Aktivitas Keramba diduga telah di Kecamatan Siak Hulu Desa Buluh Cina menyebabkan perubahan terhadap kualitas ini untuk mengetahui apakah kegiatan air dan struktur komunitas perifiton di keramba ikan mempengaruhi kualitas air Sungai Kampar Desa Buluhcina. dan struktur komunitas perifiton yang ada diperaiaran tersebut. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN Waktu dan Tempat Rumusan Masalah Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan Sungai Kampar yang melalui pada bulan Januari–Maret 2017 bertempat di Kecamatan Siak Hulu merupakan salah satu Sungai Kampar Desa Buluhcina Kecamatan sungai yang terdapat banyak aktifitas salah Siak Hulu Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi satunya yang memberi pengaruh terhadap Riau. Selain pengambilan sampel perifiton, kualitas air sungai adalah kegiatan budidaya juga dilakukan pengukuran beberapa ikan keramba. Kegiatan ini kemungkinan parameter kualitas air dilapangan seperti besar dapat memberi sumbangan berupa suhu, kecerahan, pH, O2 terlarut dan bahan organik yang menyebabkan terjadinya kecepatan arus. Sedangkan analisis perifiton penurunan kualitas air baik secara fisika, dan beberapa parameter kualitas air lain kimia maupun biologi yang akan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ekologi berpengaruh terhadap biota yang ada di Manajemen Lingkungan Perairan, Fakultas dalam perairan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas perlu dilakukan penelitian di Sungai Kampar Riau Pekanbaru. di Kecamatan Siak Hulu Desa Buluhcina ini untuk mengetahui apakah kegiatan keramba Bahan dan Alat ikan mempengaruhi kualitas air dan struktur Bahan yang digunakan dalam komunitas perifiton yang ada diperaiaran penelitian ini adalah lugol, aquades dan tersebut. bahan-bahan kimia seperti larutan MnSO4, larutan H2SO4 pekat, larutan NaOH-KI, Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian larutan thiosulfat dan HgCl2, Alkali iodide Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk azida, Amilum, pp, larutan Na2CO3, Larutan mengetahui kualitas perairan Sungai Brucine, Larutan ammonium molybdate dan Kampar Kecamatan Siak Hulu Desa larutan SnCl2. Buluhcina yang ditinjau dari struktur Alat – alat yang digunakan dalam 1 % sebanyak 2-3 tetes sampai berwarna penelitian ini adalah sikat halus, botol kuning tua (Setyobudiandi et al., 2009). sampel, cool box, kertas pH, thermometer, Selanjutnya dibawa ke Laboratorium untuk pipet tetes, erlenmeyer dan alat titrasi, water dilakukan analisis dan identifikasi. sampler, Current Meter, stopwatch untuk Pengamatan perifiton dilakukan mengukur kecepatan arus, kamera digital dibawah mikroskop menggunakan alat untuk dokumentasi dan GPS (Global Sedgwick Rafter Counting Cell (SRCC). Position System) untuk menentukan posisi Sebelum pengamatan, botol contoh dikocok titik titik sampling. terlebih dahulu agar air sampel tercampur merata. Pengamatan dilakukan di bawah Metode Penelitian mikroskop model CHS Olympus Optical. Metode penelitian yang digunakan Identifikasi perifiton menggunakan buku adalah metode survei yaitu melakukan acuan menurut Belcher dan Swale (1979) pengamatan langsung ke lokasi penelitian dan Yun Fang (1982). serta melakukan pengambilan sampel perifiton dan sampel air. Data yang Pengukuran Kualitas Perairan dikumpulkan mencakup data primer dan Pengukuran parameter kualitas air data sekunder. Data primer terdiri dari data bersamaan dengan pengambilan sampel kualitas air yang diukur di lapangan ataupun perifiton. Parameter yang diukur meliputi : di Laboratorium. Data sekunder dari kekeruhan, kecepatan arus, pH, suhu, berbagai literatur pendukung yang oksigen terlarut, nitrat dan fosfat. berhubungan dengan judul penelitian. Perhitungan Kelimpahan Perifiton Pengambilan dan Pengamatan Perifiton Perhitungan kelimpahan perifiton Pengambilan sampel perifiton pada dilakukan untuk mengetahui berapa besar setiap titik sampling dilakukan sebanyak kelimpahan spesies tertentu yang ditemukan tiga kali ulangan selama tiga minggu, dan selama pengamatan. Kelimpahan jenis pada masing-masing titik sampling terdapat perifiton dihitung dengan menggunakan dua sub titik sampling. Pengambilan sampel modifikasi rumus Lackley Drop perifiton hanya dilakukan pada substrat batu Microtransect Counting Method dari APHA (Epilitik) yang menjadi tempat menempel (1995) yaitu : perifiton. Sebagai acuan dalam pengambilan 2 sampel perifiton, maka digunakan petakan N (Sel/cm ) = n x 1000 x (Vt:Vs)_ kuadran yang berukuran 100 x 100 cm2. As Kemudian sampling dilakukan pada bagian Keterangan : pinggir kiri dan kanan badan sungai. 2 Pengambilan sampel perifiton pada substrat N = Kelimpahan perifiton (Sel/cm ) batu dilakukan secara acak pada setiap n = Jumlah rata-rata yang ditemukan kuadran, dan pada masing-masing kuadran (sel) diambil sebanyak 5 buah batu. Selanjutnya Vt = Total volume sampel dalam botol dilakukan pengerikan pada setiap substrat sampel (50 ml) batu yang diambil dengan luas permukaan 5 Vs = Volume pipet tetes sampel di x 5 cm2. Seluruh hasil kerikan tersebut bawah cover glass (1,3 ml) dimasukkan kedalam botol sampel ukuran As = Luas permukaan subsrat yang 2 50 ml yang sebelumnya telah diisi 40 ml dikerik (5 x 5 cm ) aquades, dan diawetkan dengan larutan lugol Indeks Keanekaragaman Jenis (H’) Apabila Nilai C mendekati 1(satu) : Untuk melihat indeks ada jenis yang mendominas keanekaragaman jenis perifiton dapat dilihat dengan menggunakan metode Shannon- Winner dalam Odum (1971) yaitu : Indeks Keseragaman (E) H’ = - Log2 pi,dimana
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