DOCSLIB.ORG

By Syafri Warti Nur El Fajri Adriman [email protected] ABSTRACT

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
By Syafri Warti Nur El Fajri Adriman Syafriwarty@Gmail.Com ABSTRACT JENIS DAN KELIMPAHAN FITOPLANKTON SERTA PERIFITON EPILITIK DI PERAIRAN SUNGAI KAMPAR KANAN KELURAHAN AIR TIRIS KECAMATAN KAMPAR KABUPATEN KAMPAR PROVINSI RIAU By Syafri Warti 1), Nur El Fajri 2), Adriman 3) [email protected] ABSTRACT Kampar Kanan River has strong current and rocky substrate and it may affect the type and abundance of phytoplankton and ephylitic periphyton. To understand the type and abundance those organisms, a study has been conducted in February to March 2017. Parameter measured were types and abundance the phytoplankton and ephylitic periphyton, temperature, brightness, current, depth, pH, DO, free CO2, nitrate and phosphate. Samplings were conducted 3 times, once/ week, in 3 stations. Results shown that there were 38 phytoplankton species present, namely Bacillariophyceae (16 species), Chloropyhceae (14 species) , Cyanophyceae (4 species) , Euglenophyceae (2 species), Chrysophyceae and Dinophyceae (1 species). The average of phytoplankton abundance was around 2,023 to 2,252 cells/L. the H’ was 4.465 to 4.624; C was 0.071 to 0.115 and E was 0.765 to 0.840. Results shown that there were 45 the ephylitic periphyton species present, namely Bacillariophyceae (23 species), Chlorophyceae (18 species), Cyanophyceae (3 species), and Xantophyceae (1 species). The average the ephylitic periphyton abundance was 5,322 to 8,479 cells/ cm2. The H’ was 3.725 to 4.469; C was 0.071 to 0.115 and E was 0.765 to 0.840. Based on the abundance of phytoplankton and ephylitic periphyton, the Kampar River in the Air Tiris Village is classified as moderate fertility rate. Keywords: Phytoplankton, ephylitic periphyton, Air Tiris Village Kampar River, Water Quality 1 Student of the Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Riau University 2 Lecture of the Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Riau University PENDAHULUAN aktivitas masyarakat yang berada di sekitarnya. Adapun kegiatan yang Secara ekologis Sungai dilakukan di sekitar dan sepanjang Kampar Kanan yang melewati aliran sungai terutama di bagian hulu Kelurahan Air Tiris Kecamatan seperti perkebunan karet, aktivitas Kampar Kabupaten Kampar pasar, budidaya keramba, merupakan habitat dari berbagai permukiman penduduk, organisme perairan baik tingkat penambangan pasir secara temporer rendah maupun tingkat tinggi. dan Mandi Cuci Kakus (MCK). Sungai ini adalah salah satu daerah Kegiatan masyarakat di sekitar dan aliran Sungai Kampar dan sepanjang aliran sungai tentunya mempunyai peranan yang sangat akan mempengaruhi organisme yang besar untuk mendukung semua ada di sungai tersebut seperti fitoplankton dan perifiton serta Sampel fitoplankton diambil kualitas air sungai. pada pukul 09:00-15:00 WIB Berbagai kegiatan manusia di sebanyak tiga kali, dengan interval sekitar Sungai Kampar Kanan waktu sampling selama dua minggu. Kelurahan Air Tiris diduga dapat Pengambilan sampel fitoplankton mempengaruhi fitoplankton dan dilakukan di bagian kiri dan kanan perifiton yang ada di sungai tersebut, sungai pada permukaan air dengan padahal fitoplankton dan perifiton cara menyaring air menggunakan dapat dijadikan sebagai indikator ember sebanyak 100 liter penduga kondisi perairan. Dilihat menggunakan plankton net No.25, dari dasar Sungai Kampar Kanan kemudian sampel air yang tersaring Kelurahan Air Tiris yang memiliki dimasukkan ke dalam botol sampel substrat berpasir dan berbatu serta yang berukuran 125 mL dan arus sungai yang cukup kuat dan diawetkan menggunakan Lugol 1 % mengingat pentingnya keberadaan lebih kurang 3-4 tetes. Setiap botol sungai bagi masyarakat di sekitar sampel diberi label sesuai dengan daerah aliran sungai, maka peneliti stasiun yang diamati dan tanggal tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian pengamatan. Sampel perifiton tentang jenis dan kelimpahan diambil pada dua titik di setiap fitoplankton serta perifiton epilitik di stasiun sebagaimana pengambilan Sungai Kampar Kanan Kelurahan sampel fitoplankton. Perifiton yang Air Tiris Kecamatan Kampar diambil adalah yang menempel pada Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau. substrat batu yang permukaannya METODE PENELITIAN kasar dan terendam ± 10-30 cm dari Penelitian ini dilaksanakan permukaan air pada masing-masing pada bulan Februari-Maret 2017 di stasiun. Substrat batu yang diambil Sungai Kampar Kanan Kelurahan sebanyak 10 buah dan diambil secara Air Tiris Kecamatan Kampar acak pada setiap stasiun yaitu pada Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau. bagian kiri dan kanan sungai. Analisis sampel fitoplankton dan Substrat batu diangkat ke permukaan perifiton dilakukan di Laboratorium menggunakan tangan, kemudian Ekologi Manajemen Lingkungan dan dilakukan pengerikan sambil di Perairan Fakultas Perikanan dan semprot dengan akuades Kelautan Universitas Riau menggunakan sikat gigi yang halus Pekanbaru. Stasiun ditetapkan dengan luasan 5x5 cm2. Seluruh hasil berdasarkan kriteria berikut: kerikan tersebut dimasukkan ke St I : Berada pada kawasan dalam gelas ukur sebanyak 10 ml terbuka dengan vegetasi kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam berbagai jenis pohon di tepi botol sampel yang telah diberi 40 ml sungai dan penambangan akuades dan selanjutnya diawetkan pasir dalam skala kecil. dengan lugol 1 % ± 2-3 tetes sampai St II : Berada pada kawasan berwarna kuning tua. pemukiman masyarakat, Pengamatan sampel keramba keramba ikan dan fitoplankton dan perifiton dilakukan aktivitas pasar. di bawah mikroskop binokuler St III : Berada pada kawasan menggunakan objek glass dengan perkebunan dan setelah luasan cover glass 22x22 mm2 dan budidaya keramba ikan. menggunakan pembesaran 10 x 40 dengan metode sapuan sebanyak 5 Keterangan : sapuan. Sebelum pengamatan botol H´= Indeks keanekaragaman jenis sampel diaduk terlebih dahulu agar S = Banyaknya jenis air sampel tercampur dan tidak ada N = Jumlah total individu yang mengendap. ni = Jumlah individu dalam setiap Kelimpahan fitoplankton spesies dapat dihitung berdasarkan metode yang digunakan oleh APHA, 1989 Indeks dominansi Simpon yaitu : (Odum, 1993) sebagai berikut : X 1 s N = Z x x 2 Y V C ( pi ) Keterangan: i1 N= Jumlah total plankton (sel/L) dimana Z = Jumlah individu ditemukan (sel) X= Volume air yang tersaring (125 mL) Keterangan : Y= Volume 1 tetes pipet (0,06 mL) C = Indeks dominansi V= Volume air yang disaring (100 L) ni = Kelimpahan spesies ke-i N = Jumlah total individu seluruh Kelimpahan perifiton spesies dihitung berdasarkan Inverted Microscope Method Counts (APHA, Rumus indeks keseragaman 1989). Rumus yang digunakan (Brower dan Zar dalam Muharram, adalah : 2006) dinyatakan sebagai berikut. N = E = Keterangan : 2 N =Jumlah perifiton (sel/cm ) H maks = Log S N =Jumlah sel perifiton ´ 2 At=Luasan cover glass Keterangan : Vt=Volume konsentrat pada E = Indeks keseragaman botol sampel (50mL) = Indeks keanekaragaman Ac=Luasan pengamatan H’ 2 H’maks = Nilai keanekaragaman (22x22 mm ) maksimum Vs=Volume pada cover glass S = Jumlah genus As=Luas substrat yang 2 dikerik (5x5 cm ) HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Indeks keanekaragaman jenis Fitoplankton yang ditemukan menurut Shannon-Wiener (dalam adalah 38 jenis terdiri dari 6 kelas Odum, 1993) yaitu: yaitu Bacillariophyceae (16 jenis), s Chlorophyceae (14 jenis), H' pi log 2 pi Cyanophyceae (4 jenis), i1 Euglenophyceae (2 jenis), Chrysophyceae (1 jenis), dan dimana Dinophyceae (1 jenis) (Tabel 1). Tabel 1. Jenis Fitoplankton Kelimpahan fitoplankton Bacillariophyceae yang ditemukan selama penelitian di 1 Achanathes sp. perairan Sungai Kampar Kanan 2 Asterionella sp. Kelurahan Air Tiris berkisar 2.023- 3 Cymbella sp. 2.252 sel/L (Gambar 1). 4 Ephitemia sp. 2.252 5 Eunotia sp. 2.300 2.167 6 Frustalia sp. 2.200 7 Ghomponema sp. 2.100 2.023 8 Melosira sp. 2.000 9 Navicula sp. Kelimpahan 10 Neidium sp. 1.900 11 Nitzchia sp. (sel/L) Fitoplankton I II III Stasiun 12 Pinnularia sp. 13 Pleurosigma sp. Gambar 1. Rerata Kelimpahan 14 Surirella sp. Fitoplankton 15 Synedra flugens Berdasarkan nilai kelimpahan 16 Tabellaria sp. fitoplankton (2.023-2.252 sel/L) Chlorophyceae yang didapat selama pengamatan 17 Ankistrodesmus falcatus perairan Sungai Kampar Kelurahan 18 Closterium moniliferum Air Tiris secara umum tergolong 19 Coelastrum spaerium pada kesuburan relatif sedang. Hal 20 Cosmarium margiritatum ini sesuai dengan pendapat Goldman 21 Euastrum sp. dan Home dalam Asni (2015) bahwa 22 Kirchneriella lunaris perairan yang tingkat kesuburan 23 Micrasterias sp. rendah mempunyai kelimpahan 2 24 Pediastrum duplex plankton kurang dari 10 sel/L, 25 Scenedesmus arcuatus perairan yang tingkat kesuburannya 2 26 Scenedesmus denticulatus sedang mempunyai kelimpahan 10 – 4 27 Scenedesmus quadriqauda 10 sel/L dan perairan yang tingkat 28 Staurastrum sp. kesuburannya tinggi mempunyai 2 7 29 Stigeoclonium lumbricum kelimpahan 10 –10 sel/L. 30 Tetraedron gracile Indeks Keanekaragaman jenis Cyanophyceae (H’), indeks dominansi (C) dan 31 Oscillatoria sp. indeks keseragaman (E) fitoplankton 32 Lyngbia sp. di perairan Sungai Kampar Kanan 33 Spirulina platensis Kelurahan Air Tiris (Tabel 2). 34 Spirulina princeps Tabel 2. Nilai Rerata Indeks (H’), Euglenophyceae (C) dan (E) Fitoplankton 35 Euglna oxyuris No Stasiun (H’) (C) (E) 36 Phacus sp. 1 I 4,465 0,056 0,910 Crysophyceae 2 II 4,624 0,052 0,917 37 Dinobryon sertuiaris 3 III 4,596 0,052 0,919 Dinophyceae Sumber : Data Primer 38 Perinidium sp. Jenis perifiton epilitik yang Jumlah ditemukan sebanyak 45 jenis yang terdiri dari 4 kelas, yaitu: Bacillariophyceae (23 jenis), Chlorophyceae (18 jenis), Cyanophyceae Cyanophyceae (3 jenis), dan 42 Crococcocus sp. Xantophyceae (1 jenis) (Tabel 3). 43 Lyngbya sp. 44 Oscillatoria sp. Tabel 3. Jenis Perifiton Epilitik Xantophyceae
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indonesia (Republic Of)
    Indonesia (Republic of) Last updated: 31-01-2004 Location and area Indonesia is an island republic and largest nation of South East Asia, stretching across some 5,000 km and with a north-south spread of about 2,000 km. The republic shares the island of Borneo with Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam; Indonesian Borneo, equivalent to about 75 per cent of the island, is called Kalimantan. The western half of New Guinea is the Indonesian province of Irian Jaya (formerly West Irian); the eastern half is part of Papua New Guinea. The marine frontiers of Indonesia include the South China Sea, the Celebes Sea, and the Pacific Ocean to the north, and the Indian Ocean to the south and west. Indonesia has a land area of 1,904,443 km2. (Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2002). According to Geoanalytics (www.geoanalytics.com/bims/bims.htm) the land area of Indonesia comprises 1,919,663 km2. Topography Indonesia comprises 13,677 islands on both sides of the equator, 6,000 of which are inhabited. Kalimantan and Irian Jaya, together with Sumatra (also called Sumatera), Java (Jawa), and Celebes (Sulawesi) are the largest islands and, together with the insular provinces of Kalimantan and Irian Jaya, account for about 95 per cent of its land area. The smaller islands, including Madura, Timor, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, and Bali predominantly form part of island groups. The Moluccas (Maluku) and the Lesser Sunda Islands (Nusatenggara) are the largest island groups. The Java, Flores, and Banda seas divide the major islands of Indonesia into two unequal strings. The comparatively long, narrow islands of Sumatra, Java, Timor (in the Nusatenggara group), and others lie to the south; Borneo, Celebes, the Moluccas, and New Guinea lie to the north.
    [Show full text]
  • Lipat Kain Sub Das Kampar Kiri Das Kampar
    ANALISIS DAMPAK PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN LAHAN TERHADAP DEBIT DI DAERAH TANGKAPAN AIR (DTA) LIPAT KAIN SUB DAS KAMPAR KIRI DAS KAMPAR SKRIPSI OLEH : BAYU PRADES TRI DHARMA NIM 161201126 DEPARTEMEN MANAJEMEN HUTAN FAKULTAS KEHUTANAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2021 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ANALISIS DAMPAK PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN LAHAN TERHADAP DEBIT DI DAERAH TANGKAPAN AIR (DTA) LIPAT KAIN SUB DAS KAMPAR KIRI DAS KAMPAR SKRIPSI OLEH : BAYU PRADES TRI DHARMA NIM 161201126 Skripsi sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana di Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Sumatera Utara DEPARTEMEN MANAJEMEN HUTAN FAKULTAS KEHUTANAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2021 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : Bayu Prades Tri Dharma NIM : 161201126 Judul Skripsi : Analisis Dampak Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Terhadap Debit di Daerah Tangkapan Air (DTA) Lipat Kain Sub DAS Kampar Kiri DAS Kampar Menyatakan bahwa skripsi ini adalah hasil karya sendiri. Pengutipan-pengutipan yang penulis lakukan pada bagian-bagian tertentu dari hasil karya orang lain dalam penulisan skripsi ini, telah penulis cantumkan sumbernya secara jelas sesuai dengan norma, kaidah, dan etika penulisan ilmiah. Medan, Januari 2021 Bayu Prades Tri Dharma NIM 161201126 ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK BAYU PRADES TRI DHARMA : Analisis Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Terhadap Debit Sungai di Daerah Tangkapan Air (DTA) Lipat Kain Sub DAS Kampar Kiri DAS Kampar, dibimbing oleh BEJO SLAMET. Sungai Kampar mempunyai peran penting bagi masyarakat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pertanian, perikanan, transportasi dan juga domestik. Perubahan tutupan lahan di DAS Kampar terutama menurunnya luas hutan dipicu oleh pertumbuhan penduduk dan pembangunan yang sangat cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara curah hujan dan tutupan lahan di DTA Lipat Kain dengan besaran debit aliran sungai Kampar kiri di outlet Lipat kain.
    [Show full text]
  • A. Turner Cultural Survival, Identity and the Performing Arts of Kampar's Suku Petalangan
    A. Turner Cultural survival, identity and the performing arts of Kampar's suku Petalangan In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Riau in transition 153 (1997), no: 4, Leiden, 648- 671 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 11:55:00AM via free access ASHLEY TURNER Cultural Survival, Identity and the Performing Arts of Kampar's Suku Petalangan Introduction The traumatic decline of Malay kingdoms in the Indonesian province of Riau and, more recently, the area's rapid economic development, has prompted some Malay intellectuals to articulate a concern for cultural and ethnic specificity. In the search for local definition, some have suggested that it may be found among Riau's suku asli groups - small, indigenous forest-based and aquatic societies that retain strong economic and cultural links to the territories and natural environments that they have occupied for generations. This paper is primarily concerned with issues relating to the identity and cultural survival of one such group - the Suku Petalangan - who number about 20,000 and occupy the once thickly forested Kampar river hinter- lands on the Sumatran mainland where they engage in swidden farming, collecting forest products and fishing. Suku Petalangan leaders have described themselves to me as Melayu asli darat (authentic inland Malays) and rakyat bekas kerajaan Pelalawan (people of the former kingdom of Pelalawan). I have also observed that, depending upon the situation in which identity was an issue, individuals identified themselves or were identified according to their village of birth, clan origin and/or residency.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 APPENDIX 4 BANGLADESH General Information* Main Rivers
    APPENDIX 4 BANGLADESH General Information* Surface area: 143,998 km2 Population (1995): 118,000,000 GDP (1996/1997): US$ 14,000 million Agricultural GDP (1996/1997): US$ 4,508 million Capture Fisheries as % of GDP1: 1.88% Aquaculture as % of GDP1: 2.69% Indicative exchange rate (1999) US$ 1 = Tk 48.5 * FAO World Fisheries Statistics – Country profile, 1999 1 Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission (2005) Main Rivers** Total area Rivers and estuaries 4,047,316 ha Total Length of 700 Rivers 22,155 km The Padma-Ganges and its distribution System Annual catch: 6,489 tonnes (1996-97)3(capture) i) Ganges, Padma 305 km Surface area: 69,481 ha2 Annual catch: 1,641 tonnes2 (1991-92) 50.6 kg/ha2 (1991-92) 0.34% contribution to production2 (1991-92) ii) Mathabhanga 128 km iii) Ichhamati 285 km iv) Bhairab 559 km v) Kumar 443 km vi) Kobadak 280 km vii) Chitra 188 km viii) Nabaganga 210 km ix) Garai, Madhumati 314 km x) Arial Khan 266 km The Meghna and Surma System Surface area: 73,999 ha2 Annual catch 84,737 tonnes (1989-90) 54,244 tonnes2 (1991-92) 1,369.60 kg/ ha2 (1991-92) 11.3% contribution to production2 (1991-92) i) Surma 350 km ii) Kushiyara 110 km 1 Jamuna-Brahmaputra System Surface area: 73,666 ha2 Annual catch: 2,280 tonnes (1989-90) i) Brahmaputra 350 km Annual catch: 505 tonnes (1989-90) 391 tonnes2 (1991-92) 0.081% contribution to production2 (1991-92) ii) Jamuna 531 km Annual catch: 1,775 tonnes (1989-90) 2,253 tonnes2 (1991-92) 30.58 kg/ ha2 (1991-92) 0.46% contribution to production2 (1991-92) Other Rivers in West region i) Nagar 238 km ii)
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Barcoding Indonesian Freshwater Fishes: Challenges and Prospects
    DNA Barcodes 2015; 3: 144–169 Review Open Access Nicolas Hubert*, Kadarusman, Arif Wibowo, Frédéric Busson, Domenico Caruso, Sri Sulandari, Nuna Nafiqoh, Laurent Pouyaud, Lukas Rüber, Jean-Christophe Avarre, Fabian Herder, Robert Hanner, Philippe Keith, Renny K. Hadiaty DNA Barcoding Indonesian freshwater fishes: challenges and prospects DOI 10.1515/dna-2015-0018 the last decades is posing serious threats to Indonesian Received December 12, 2014; accepted September 29, 2015 biodiversity. Indonesia, however, is one of the major sources of export for the international ornamental trade Abstract: With 1172 native species, the Indonesian and home of several species of high value in aquaculture. ichthyofauna is among the world’s most speciose. Despite The development of new tools for species identification that the inventory of the Indonesian ichthyofauna started is urgently needed to improve the sustainability of the during the eighteen century, the numerous species exploitation of the Indonesian ichthyofauna. With the descriptions during the last decades highlight that the aim to build comprehensive DNA barcode libraries, the taxonomic knowledge is still fragmentary. Meanwhile, co-authors have started a collective effort to DNA barcode the fast increase of anthropogenic perturbations during all Indonesian freshwater fishes. The aims of this review are: (1) to produce an overview of the ichthyological *Corresponding author: Nicolas Hubert, Institut de Recherche pour le researches conducted so far in Indonesia, (2) to present Développement (IRD), UMR226 ISE-M, Bât. 22 - CC065, Place Eugène an updated checklist of the freshwater fishes reported Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France, E-mail: nicolas.hubert@ to date from Indonesia’s inland waters, (3) to highlight ird.fr the challenges associated with its conservation and Domenico Caruso, Laurent Pouyaud, Jean-Christophe Avarre, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR226 ISE-M, management, (4) to present the benefits of developing Bât.
    [Show full text]
  • Process, the Size of the First Ripe Gonads and Spawning Season
    CONDITION FACTOR GIANT FEATHERBACKS lChitala lopis BLEEKER 1851) FROA{ KAMPAR RIVER, RIAU Arif Wibowo and Dwi Atminario' ABSTRACT Kampar River is on important hobitot for Giont Featherback (Chitoto Lopis) in Riau Province, because Kampor River has a variety of habitat types for Giant Featherback : main rivers, creek, reservoir and swamp. Fish sompling for onolpis of fish condition factor done every three months in 20A9, in lvlay, August and November representing the dry season $nay and August) and rairry season (November). Factor analysis for the study conditions Giant Featherboclcs totol fish cought during the study, a total of 507 toils. Sizes distributions of fish belida were small size (401-610 mm), medium (611-750 mm) and large (750-950 mm) wos found at each nmpling stotion. Female fish condition foctor was higher than in the grwp of male fish belida medium ond large (> 610 cm). Fish codition factar values in the group sizes were olmost alwoys highest Giant Feotherbacks both male ond femote fish during the dry seoson, transitional ond rain. The anolpis of fish condition factor Giant Featherbacks by size in the standardizotion, informed that the value of the highest condition factor contained in the transitional seasons. Teso Stotion shows the value of the highest condition foctor of fish both males and females and the condition factor value anolysis, regordless of sex. Fish condition foctor values increose with ircreosing TKG, Wrticulorly in fistt femol*. ln mole fislt this tred is not visible. Fislt codition factor values vory in a voriety of sizes bosed on station. However, there is a tendency on the group size was almost alt stations have the highest state value.
    [Show full text]
  • I. Caldwell A. Hazlewood the Holy Footprints of the Venerable Gautama; a New Translation of the Pasir Panjang Inscription
    I. Caldwell A. Hazlewood The holy footprints of the venerable Gautama; A new translation of the Pasir Panjang inscription In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 150 (1994), no: 3, Leiden, 457-480 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com10/06/2021 01:00:01AM via free access IAN CALDWELL and ANN APPLEBY HAZLEWOOD 'The Holy Footprints of the Venerable Gautarna' A New Translation of the Pasir Panjang Inscriptionl This article is the result of a visit in August 1990 by the first-named author to the island of Karimun Besar in the Riau archipelago. The purpose of the visit was to photograph a Sanskrit inscription at Pasir Panjang, on the north-west coast of the island. On inspection of the inscription, it was evident that the translation published by Dr. J. Brandes in the Notulen van de algemeene en bestuurs-vergaderingen van het Bataviaasch Genoot- schap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen (Minutes of the genera1 and exec- utive meetings of the Batavian Society for Arts and Sciences) (hereafter referred to as Notulen) of 1887, pp. 148-52, was open to question, and that a fresh attempt at translation and interpretation was called for. This article traces the history of the discovery of the inscription by European scholars and the subsequent scholarship on it, then offers a new translation and makes an attempt to understand the inscription in its physical setting. The island of Karimun Besar is approximately twenty kilometres in length and five kilometres in breadth, and lies some fifty kilometres west-south- west of Singapore.
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling of Kampar River Discharge As a Solitary Wave
    International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (3.6) (2018) 138-141 International Journal of Engineering & Technology Website: www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJET Research paper Modeling of Kampar River Discharge as a Solitary Wave Mubarak1* 1Department Of Marine Science, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia. *Corresponding Author E-Mail:[email protected] Abstract The propagation of tidal bore in Kampar River is investigated through a soliton theory. For far field region, the Bono wave can be treated as a solitary wave propagates on the open channel flow. The wave propagation in term of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equations will be described. A single soliton solution and environmental effect will be obtained. The result shows that the amplitude of tidal bore is about 5m it will have the velocity 11.6 m/s and its wavelength 30m. We found that the river discharge will decrease the tidal bore velocity and decay the amplitude. Keywords: Bono wave, Kampar River, KdV equations, soliton theory, tidal bore. dimension. In this paper, we use an analytical model to study this 1. Introduction wave. This wave is of great importance for the geomorphology of the estuarine zone [7]. For example, a bed erosion and scour may take River of Kampar is one of four largest rivers in Riau, Indonesia 2 place beneath the bore front while suspended sediments will be having a broad 24.548 km with the depth is about 7.7 m and the carried upwards in the propagation wave motion. A width is about 413 m. The river flow a crosses two province the comprehensive understanding of the phenomena is useful for this West Sumatra and Riau.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Barcoding Indonesian Freshwater Fishes: Challenges and Prospects
    DNA Barcodes 2015; 3: 144–169 Review Open Access Nicolas Hubert*, Kadarusman, Arif Wibowo, Frédéric Busson, Domenico Caruso, Sri Sulandari, Nuna Nafiqoh, Laurent Pouyaud, Lukas Rüber, Jean-Christophe Avarre, Fabian Herder, Robert Hanner, Philippe Keith, Renny K. Hadiaty DNA Barcoding Indonesian freshwater fishes: challenges and prospects DOI 10.1515/dna-2015-0018 the last decades is posing serious threats to Indonesian Received December 12, 2014; accepted September 29, 2015 biodiversity. Indonesia, however, is one of the major sources of export for the international ornamental trade Abstract: With 1172 native species, the Indonesian and home of several species of high value in aquaculture. ichthyofauna is among the world’s most speciose. Despite The development of new tools for species identification that the inventory of the Indonesian ichthyofauna started is urgently needed to improve the sustainability of the during the eighteen century, the numerous species exploitation of the Indonesian ichthyofauna. With the descriptions during the last decades highlight that the aim to build comprehensive DNA barcode libraries, the taxonomic knowledge is still fragmentary. Meanwhile, co-authors have started a collective effort to DNA barcode the fast increase of anthropogenic perturbations during all Indonesian freshwater fishes. The aims of this review are: (1) to produce an overview of the ichthyological *Corresponding author: Nicolas Hubert, Institut de Recherche pour le researches conducted so far in Indonesia, (2) to present Développement (IRD), UMR226 ISE-M, Bât. 22 - CC065, Place Eugène an updated checklist of the freshwater fishes reported Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France, E-mail: nicolas.hubert@ to date from Indonesia’s inland waters, (3) to highlight ird.fr the challenges associated with its conservation and Domenico Caruso, Laurent Pouyaud, Jean-Christophe Avarre, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR226 ISE-M, management, (4) to present the benefits of developing Bât.
    [Show full text]
  • BACKGROUND to the SRI VIJAYA STORY PART V (Conclusion)
    BACKGROUND TO THE SRI VIJAYA STORY PART V (Conclusion) Paul Wheatley, Impressions of the Malay Peninsula in Ancient Times (Eastern University Press, Singapore, 1964}, pp. 264, plates; and O.W. Wolters, The Fall of Sri Vijaya in Malay History (Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore, 1970), pp. 274. 22. THE POST-SRI VIJAYA PERIOD (1260-1300 A.D.) With the death of Chandrabanu in Ceylon about 1260, the Sri Vijaya Empire, if I may call it by such a highfalutin name, came to an end. The histories of the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra then took separate courses. The city-states sent embassies to the Chinese court, which the Chinese still recorded as coming from San-fo-tsi; but complete control of the Malacca Straits, based on Muara Takus (Malayu) in Central Sumatra and Kedah on the west coast of the Peninsula, was no more. Into this vacuum stepped the Thai and the Javanese. We have seen m section 18 that about the beginning of the 13th century, Tao U-Thong, king of Ayodbia, had already gone down the Peninsula to Bang Sa pan in Prachuab Kirikhand Province and divided the Peninsula with Chao Phya Sri Thammasokaraja of Nakorn Sri Tbammaraj. Half a century later Sri In tara tit, King of Sukhothai, went down to Nakorn and co-operated with Chandrabanu in acquiring the image known as the Buddha Sihing fron:i Ceylon (section 18). By the end of the century Ram Kambaeng, Intaratit's youngest son who came to the throne of Sukhothai about 1279, claimed sovereignty over Nakorn to "where the sea marks the limit".
    [Show full text]
  • IMS Musicological Brainfood 4, No. 2 (2020)
    IMS Musicological Brainfood 4, no. 2 (2020) This edition of IMS Musicological Brainfood ex‐ in the second journey. As with the first recipients plores musicology’s relationship with the envi‐ of the IMS Guido Adler Prize, we asked the 2019 ronment in two journeys. The first is led by recipient, Margaret Kartomi, to write about her Daniel M. Grimley as he takes us across the life and travels, and her perceptions of change landscape of COVID-19. His short provocation, in our discipline over the past sixty years. Her “Moving upon Silence,” should awaken our si‐ unique perspective, shaped by her upbringing in lence as musicologists. We have been advocating Australia, her studies in East Berlin, and her re‐ a global musicology, but to truly listen to the search in Indonesia, provides us with a view of world around us, a global musicology should be musicology with open borders, and one that is as “earthy” as it is socially attuned to different never far from the political, social, and environ‐ cultures—the two, in fact, are inseparable, as mental issues. Her long career as a musicologist Grimley reminds us. This is clearly demonstrated inspires us to be explorers. Daniel M. Grimley Among the most unexpected and disconcerting violence rather than address its systemic and in‐ side effects of the COVID-19 pandemic has been stitutional origins. And for others, silence has the silence that has accompanied much of the been an opportunity to reconnect or reattune, to lockdown. Despite the creative flowering of im‐ attend to environmental sounds and ambient promptu balcony concerts and online musical noise in new and defamiliarized contexts, and to events that it has in some places provoked, the take stock in relation to surroundings that seem quietness of much of the pandemic has often irrevocably changed and transformed: the sud‐ seemed deafening.
    [Show full text]
  • Directors: Ir. Widagdo, Dipl.HE Hisaya SAWANO Authors
    Directors: Ir. Widagdo, Dipl.HE Hisaya SAWANO Authors: Ir. Sarwono Sukardi, Dipl.HE Ir. Bambang Warsito, Dipl.HE Ir. Hananto Kisworo, Dipl.HE Sukiyoto, ME Publisher: Directorate General of Water Resources Yayasan Air Adhi Eka i Japan International Cooperation Agency ii River Management in Indonesia English Edition English edition of this book is a translation from the book : “Pengelolaan Sungai di Indonesia” January 2013 ISBN 978-979-25-64-62-4 Director General of Water Resources Foreword Water, as a renewable resource, is a gift from God for all mankind. Water is a necessity of life for creatures in this world. No water, no life. The existence of water, other than according to the hydrological cycle, at a particular place, at a particular time, and in particular quality as well as quantity is greatly influenced by a variety of natural phenomena and also by human behavior. Properly managed water and its resources will provide sustainable benefits for life. However, on the other hand, water can also lead to disasters, when it is not managed wisely. Therefore, it is highly necessary to conduct comprehensive and integrated water resources management efforts, or widely known as “Integrated Water Resources Management”. In the same way, river management efforts as part of the river basin integrated water resources management, include efforts on river utilization, development, protection, conservation and control, in an integrated river basin with cross-jurisdiction, cross-regional and cross- sectoral approach. This book outlines how water resources development and management in several river basins are carried out from time to time according to the existing situations and conditions, Besides, it covers various challenges and obstacles faced by the policy makers and the implementers in the field, The existing sets of laws and regulations and the various uses and benefits are also discused.
    [Show full text]