Dark Matter: an Experimental Perspective CATERINA DOGLIONI [SHE/HER] - LUND UNIVERSITY

Dark Matter: an experimental perspective CATERINA DOGLIONI [SHE/HER] - LUND UNIVERSITY

MEMBER OF THE ATLAS COLLABORATION AT CERN

Inputs and discussion: European Strategy PPG BSM/DM/Higgs, Snowmass EF, RF and CF, ATLAS Collaboration, iDMEu proponents, Antonio Boveia, Boyu Gao, Isabelle John, Matt McCullough, Jocelyn Monroe, Marco Rimoldi, Ulrike Schnoor, Francesca Ungaro, Christoph Weniger, Jodi Cooley, Hugh Lippincott

@CatDogLund http://www.hep.lu.se/staff/doglioni/

1 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Outline

Introduction from a particle experimentalist 1 perspective

Dark matter experiments:

1. Dark matter at accelerators (particle colliders/intensity frontier experiments) Disclaimer #1: My main expertise is in DM @ particle colliders, so this part will be more detailed than the others 2. Direct detection of dark matter 3. Indirect detection of dark matter (+ cosmic probes)

Synergies and complementarity between these different ways of detecting DM

⇒ link to the relevant Snowmass topical group

Disclaimer 2: this talk is not an inclusive talk for DM, but rather a personal perspective of things I’ve learned along the way as ATLAS Dark Matter Forum/WG organizer && in the European Strategy && in the Snowmass process

1 for the perspective of a dark matter experimentalist, see page 3 of arXiv:1712.06615

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 2 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity WhyWhat should do we knowdark matterabout dark be a matter? particle?

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 3 LHC: the biggest man-made discovery machine 3 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity What do we knowWhy about not? dark matter?

us & our experiments, made of particles LHC: the biggestCaterina man-made Doglioni - 2020/10/30 discovery - SEC Colloquium machine on Dark Matter 4 In this talk I will assume Einstein’s gravity does not need modifications… 4 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity The relic density

ΛCDM = Λ Cold Dark Matter model

https://sci.esa.int/s/Wnqq4bw Image: Planck/NASA/ESA

Dark matter constitutes most of the matter in the universe

5 % The DM we measure today [relic DM density] 68 % already points at some properties of DM candidates (e.g. dark, stable) 27 % can it guide us further? Ordinary Matter Dark Matter Dark Energy Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 5 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity How did the relic density come to be?

SM ⟷ DM SM → DM creation processes decrease thermal Freeze-out until a new SM ⟷ DM equilibrium is reached equilibrium Relic density

Couplings too small SM → DM creation processes increase for SM ⟷ DM Freeze-in until equilibrium is reached equilibrium

Universe expands and cools down Examples of DM ⟷ SM processes Isabelle John's thesis Note: simplified picture, for a more complete one see https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.07442

Commonality of many of these models: they require some form of interaction (it can be more or less significant) between ordinary matter and dark matter

interaction ⇔ particles & forces

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 6 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity WhatDM do weis a know much-sought about dark particle matter?

https://benty-fields.com/trending Papers on the arXiv with the words in the title or abstract LHC: the biggestCreditsCaterina man-made for findingDoglioni it: -Xenon1T, 2020/10/30 discovery Twitter - SEC Colloquium machine on Dark Matter 7 Disclaimer: website not to be used as input by funding agencies 7 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity WhatFinding do we newknow particles about dark takes matter? time

Particle physics discoveries require large instruments and time

It looks like you’re searching for dark matter. Have you tried starting with the ones you know about already? Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 8 LHC: the biggest man-made discovery machine 8 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity WhatFinding do we newknow particles about dark takes matter? time

It looks like you’re searching for dark matter. Have you tried starting with the ones you know about already?

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 9 LHC: the biggest man-made discovery machine 9 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Generic production of invisible particles

Production of invisible particles is common in the Standard Model…

Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017) 765

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 10 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Generic production of dark matter?

What other invisible particles (that are suitable thermal relics) could we produce?

DM Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017) 765

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 11 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Weakly Interacting Massive Particles

The minimal option to make up 100% of the relic:

DM • only add one particle to the SM • stable TeV-scale particle with weak-force-sized interactions • Weakly Interacting Massive Particle

or Higgs • that particle conveniently appears in many SUSY models that also solve other problems in particle physics DM • beautiful and simple, almost miraculous!

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 12 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Weakly Interacting Massive Particles

The minimal option to make up 100% of the relic:

DM • only add one particle to the SM • stable TeV-scale particle with weak-force-sized interactions • Weakly Interacting Massive Particle

or Higgs • that particle conveniently appears in many SUSY models that also solve other problems in particle physics DM • beautiful and simple, almost miraculous! • Experimental “advantage”: many experiments can see it in different ways Standard Matter Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC.

Dark Matter

Indirect Detection Direct Detection Colliders Astrophysics

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 13 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Dark matter Invisible particles at colliders

• Starting from our baseline assumption: WIMP DM • interacts with SM particles → we can produce and detect it at

LHC ATLAS, CMS, LHCb RF6 Particle Collider KEK Belle-2 EF colliders experiments {ILC, CLIC, CEPC, FCC, muon … Future } AF3-5

known particle production of collision DM particles

Caveat: very simplified diagram A running example: the Large Hadron Collider accelerates and collides protons Collisions are recorded and analyzed by four main experiments

LHC collisions schedule: 2022: beginning of Run-3 Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark ~2027: Matter beginning of Run-4 (HL-LHC)14 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Searches for DM invisible particles at colliders

Detector covers all the solid angle and catches ~all visible particles

visible particle SM (visible)

proton (quark/gluon)

proton (quark/gluon) SM (visible)

visible particle

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 15 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Searches for DM invisible particles at colliders

Dark matter doesn’t interact significantly with our detectors → invisible

invisible particle (DM)

DM (invisible)

proton (quark/gluon)

proton (quark/gluon) DM (invisible)

invisible particle (DM)

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 16 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Searches for DM invisible particles at colliders

Dark matter doesn’t interact significantly with our detectors → invisible

visible particle invisible particle (DM) SM (visible) DM (invisible)

proton (quark/gluon)

proton (quark/gluon) DM (invisible)

invisible particle (DM)

Signature of invisible particles (like Dark Matter): missing (transverse) momentum ( )

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 17 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity A “monojet event” at ATLAS

visible particles interacting in the detector

escaping (non-interacting) particles Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 18 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity A generic search for DM: “X+MET”

ISR (jet, photon, V boson…) + MET signature - Background shapes need precise theory predictions EPJC 2017 77:829 - Results can be interpreted in a variety of models - here: vector mediator

Phys. Rev. D 97, 092005 (2018) arXiv:1807.11471

EF10

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 19 19 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Is this the only way we can look for WIMP DM? No!

If there’s a force other than gravity, there’s a mediator (/portal), and the LHC could detect its decays into visible particles: simplified/portal models are popular collider & accelerator search benchmarks EF10 RF6

LHC Dark Matter Forum & Working Group

https://lpcc.web.cern.ch/content/lhc-dm-wg-dark-matter-searches-lhc Phys. Dark Univ. 26 (2019) 100371 & references within, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. 68:429-459, 2018

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 20 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Beware of simple models…

https://abstrusegoose.com/406 If there’s a force other than gravity, there’s a mediator (/portal), and the LHC could detect its decays into visible particles: simplified/portal models are popular collider search benchmarks

LHC Dark Matter Forum & Working Group

https://lpcc.web.cern.ch/content/lhc-dm-wg-dark-matter-searches-lhc Phys. Dark Univ. 26 (2019) 100371 & references within, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. 68:429-459, 2018

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 21 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity …but not all hope is lost! ”Why should we choose/believe the simplest models?”

”Do we think DM is all made of a single (WIMP) model?” (not really…see dark sectors later!)

• Lesson from SM: most common particles discovered ﬁrst

from DM ATLAS feature

• Even simple models can encapsulate relevant experimental characteristics representing wider classes of theories as long as we are aware that they can be more rare than what we choose as example

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 22 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Beyond WIMP DM → beyond high-energy colliders

DM models with light particles && very feeble interactions w/SM benefit from high intensities, not only high energies • Starting from our baseline assumption: DM Link to Suchita’s • interacts with SM particles → we can produce and detect it at CPM talk

SPS (Intense) beams NA62/4, LDMX, SHIP… Planned/proposed LHC from particle FASER, CODEX-b… experiments Fermilab Booster MiniBoone, … accelerators { Future MANY more ideas… RF06 } NF

SM SM � SM

Portal particle

Caveat: very simplified diagram

⍺DM DM / production of DM/SM particles DM / Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 23 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity

Can we discover/rule(this is here to out avoid DM only at singling accelerators out theorists in the in jokes) next 50 years?

(Not because of this incident, this is here to avoid singling out theorists in jokes)

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 24 C. Fitzpatrick Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity

Can we discover/rule(this is here to out avoid DM only at singling accelerators out theorists in the in jokes) next 50 years?

(Not because of this incident, this is here to avoid singling out theorists in jokes)

credits: C. Fitzpatrick Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 25 C. Fitzpatrick Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity

Can we discover/rule(this is here to out avoid DM only at singling accelerators out theorists in the in jokes) next 50 years?

�Hot take�: not with colliders/accelerators alone!

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 26 C. Fitzpatrick Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Particle accelerators, direct and indirect detection

• Reason #1: there are DM models that are not accessible at accelerator energies / intensities( CF01-03 & Chanda’s talk)

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 27

Complementary experiments tackling DM problem Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Particle accelerators, direct and indirect detection • Reason #1: there are DM models that are not accessible at accelerator energies / intensities( CF01-03 & Chanda’s talk) • Reason #2: DM discoveries need complementary experiments that involve DM with cosmological origin • Direct detection can discover DM that interacts inside the detector • Indirect detection can see annihilating/decaying DM through its decays

Indirect Detection Direct Detection Particle Accelerators (colliders & extracted beam lines)

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 28

Indirect Detection Direct Detection Particle Accelerators (colliders & extracted beam lines)

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 29

Complementary experiments tackling DM problem Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Direct detection experiments: examples XENON/LZ CDMS

Large volumes (order: meters) Smaller volumes, lower threshold (order: centimeter-meter)

Wikipedia/NASA

http://www.xenon1t.org https://www.slac.stanford.edu/exp/cdms/ https://lz.lbl.gov Many more experiments operational/planned for this decade: from Generation-2 to Generation-3 CF1

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 30 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Direct detection experiments: examples XENON/LZ CDMS

Large volumes (order: 10s of meters) Smaller volumes, lower threshold (order: centimeter-meter)

Wikipedia/NASA

https://www.slac.stanford.edu/exp/cdms/

Many more experiments operational/planned for this decade: from Generation-2 to Generation-3 CF1

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 31 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Direct detection for very light DM

”Traditional” DM-SM recoil direct detection searches lose sensitivity to low-DM masses, but… • detectors can be made more sensitive to lower thresholds (e.g. phonon-based calorimeters) F. Petricca's talk @ GGI 2019 • subdominant effects can enhance ”kick” from DM E.g. arXiv:1702.04730, 1707.07258, 1905.00046, 1810.07705, 1810.10543… • can explore new materials & detectors → collaboration of astro/ particle physics & solid state physics • Including quantum sensors E.g. arXiv:1709.07882, CPM Session #77 BRN Report CF1

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 32 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Indirect Detection experiments: examples

where to find DM: galaxy surveys CF3 (e.g. LSST, SKA,…) how to detect DM decays: (also able to probe properties of DM & test DM models) indirect detection experiments (e.g. Fermi-LAT, CTA,…) Fermi Large Area Telescope https://www-glast.stanford.edu/

Wikipedia/NASA

CF1 Wikipedia/NASA

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 33 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Indirect Detection example/excess: Fermi-LAT

JCAP 2015

Wikipedia/NASA

Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 241101 (2019)

CF1-3 Many possibilities for

Wikipedia/NASA interpretation, floor still open!

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 34 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Looking for rarer DM (examples from direct detection)

• Major updates to direct/indirect detection experiments planned: • in terms of detectors CF1 • in terms of reduction of challenging backgrounds

European Strategy Update Briefing Book

Image from F. Petricca's talk @ GGI 2019

solar/cosmic neutrino scattering xsec may become larger than DM xsec (but irreducible backgrounds haven’t stopped anyone so far)

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 35 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Looking for rarer DM (examples from direct detection)

• Major updates to direct/indirect detection experiments planned: • in terms of detectors • in terms of reduction of challenging backgrounds

European Strategy Update Briefing Book

What if we discover something? Need complementary experiments!

Image from F. Petricca's talk @ GGI 2019

solar/cosmic neutrino scattering xsec may become larger than DM xsec (but irreducible backgrounds haven’t stopped anyone so far)

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 36 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Complementarity so far: within WIMP frameworks

LHC DM Working Group, European Strategy Update Briefing Book, for non-WIMP examples, see Physics Beyond Colliders report Invisible Higgs @ colliders Scalar mediators and direct detection and indirect detection

Preliminary, Granada May 2019 ]

2 XENON1T

PRL 121 (2018) 111302 ] m -20 Fermi (bb only)

1 10 −42 PandaX - Astrophys. J. 834 (2017) no 2, 110 PRL 117 (2016) 121303 10 s DarkSide-50 -21 HESS (bb only, proj.) DarkSide-50 3 10 PRL 117 (2016) 111301 PRL 121 (2018) 081307 -22 LUX CTA GC (bb only, proj.) −43 10 PRL 118 (2017) 021303 arXiv:1508.06128 [cm

-nucleon) [c 10

χ -23 ( DarkSide-Argo (proj.) 〉 10 Fermi+LSST (bb only, proj.) DarkSide-Argo EPPSU submission

SI arXiv:1902.01055 σ DARWIN-200 (proj.) σv -24 -1

〈 HL-LHC, 14 TeV, 3 ab −44 JCAP 11 (2016) 017 10 10 HL/HE-LHC Report: arXiv:1902.10229 HL-LHC: BR<2.6% -25 -1 Higgs PPG, arXiv:1905.03764 10 HE-LHC, 27 TeV, 15 ab LUX HL-LHC+LHeC: BR<2.3% -26 HL/HE-LHC Report: arXiv:1902.10229 −45 PandaX Higgs PPG, arXiv:1905.03764 10 FCC-hh, 100 TeV, 100 ab-1 10 CEPC, FCC-ee ,ILC :BR<0.3% 240 250 PRD 93 (2016) 054030 Higgs PPG, arXiv:1905.03764 -27 FCC-ee/eh/hh: BR<0.025% 10 XENON1T Higgs PPG, arXiv:1905.03764 -28 10−46 10 10-29 −47 DARWIN-200 (proj.) -30 10 DarkSide-Argo (proj.) 10 Pseudoscalar model, Dirac DM Higgs Portal model -31 g =1,g =1 Direct searches, Scalar DM 10 DM q −48 All limits at 95% CL 10 Collider limits at 95% CL, direct detection limits at 90% CL -32 10 2 3 4 1 10 102 103 10 10 10 10 m [GeV] χ mDM [GeV]

q q DM

W H W

q q DM

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 37 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Complementarity so far: within WIMP frameworks

Preliminary, Granada May 2019 ]

2 XENON1T

PRL 121 (2018) 111302 ] m -20 Fermi (bb only)

1 10 −42 PandaX - Astrophys. J. 834 (2017) no 2, 110 PRL 117 (2016) 121303 10 s DarkSide-50 -21 HESS (bb only, proj.) DarkSide-50 3 10 the best PRL 117 (2016) 111301 PRL 121 (2018) 081307 -22 LUX CTA GC (bb only, proj.) −43 10 PRL 118 (2017) 021303 arXiv:1508.06128 [cm -nucleon) [c 10 region to find χ -23 ( DarkSide-Argo (proj.) 〉 10 Fermi+LSST (bb only, proj.) DarkSide-Argo EPPSU submission

SI arXiv:1902.01055 σ DARWIN-200 (proj.) σv -24 -1

〈 HL-LHC, 14 TeV, 3 ab −44 JCAP 11 (2016) 017 10 WIMP DM in! 10 HL/HE-LHC Report: arXiv:1902.10229 the best HL-LHC: BR<2.6% -25 -1 Higgs PPG, arXiv:1905.03764 10 HE-LHC, 27 TeV, 15 ab LUX HL-LHC+LHeC: BR<2.3% -26 HL/HE-LHC Report: arXiv:1902.10229 −45 region to findPandaX Higgs PPG, arXiv:1905.03764 10 FCC-hh, 100 TeV, 100 ab-1 10 CEPC, FCC-ee ,ILC :BR<0.3% 240 250 PRD 93 (2016) 054030 Higgs PPG, arXiv:1905.03764 -27 FCC-ee/eh/hh: BR<0.025% 10 WIMP DM in!XENON1T Higgs PPG, arXiv:1905.03764 -28 10−46 10 10-29 −47 DARWIN-200 (proj.) -30 10 DarkSide-Argo (proj.) 10 Pseudoscalar model, Dirac DM Higgs Portal model -31 g =1,g =1 Direct searches, Scalar DM 10 DM q −48 All limits at 95% CL 10 Collider limits at 95% CL, direct detection limits at 90% CL -32 10 2 3 4 1 10 102 103 10 10 10 10 m [GeV] χ mDM [GeV]

q q DM

W H Health hazard : these plots are only valid for the couplings W specified, in the limited space of a benchmark model! q q DM Not to be used to deduce general things like: “In the next 50 years we will exclude WIMP DM” Caterina Doglioni“Technique - 2020/10/30 A is - SECbetter Colloquium than technique on Dark Matter B to find DM” 38 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Complementarity thoughts from Snowmass

Link to CPM session #150 - DM complementarity https://gordonwatts.github.io/snowmass-loi-words • Since the last Snowmass, there has been a fundamental shift in how we think about searches for dark matter.

• We are in an exciting exploratory phase where new ideas can be implemented on short timescales.

• Dark matter crosses every frontier.

• In order to get a full picture of the “elephant”, we need to combine information (more about this later)

• CF Conversation Starter: Dark matter could be *the* focal topic of this Snowmass Report.

• How do we portray this complementarity? • You can join us in thinking (e-mail me for a new mailing list!) CF / EF / NF / RF

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 39 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity LastWhat take-home do we know point: about look dark everywhere! matter?

J. Peebles

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 40 LHC: the biggest man-made discovery machineWIMP 40 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity What Aredo we we know looking about everywhere? dark matter? up: stronger interactions right: more massive objects much lighter DM lighter much

Image from F. Petricca's talk @ GGI 2019 left:

J. Peebles

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 41 LHC:Note: the not biggest mentioning man-made sterile-neutrino-like discovery DM for machine lack of time! 41 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity

Even lighter DM: axions CF2 Axions/Axion-Like Particles (ALPs): example of new particle with inter-field connections, solving more than the DM problem

Theory I. Irastorza's talk @ EPS-HEP 2019 Astrophysics Cosmology New technologies (small experiments) now available Physics Beyond Colliders Working Group arXiv:1901.09966

New: sensitivity of haloscopes to ”dark matter” axions

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 42 BRN Report Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Looking up (to hints from astrophysics & more) ”Looking up” as a consequence of ”looking left”: change of paradigm from ”DM == invisible particles”

potentially low-mass & ”strongly interacting” DM particles will - interact with detectors - need to take this into account for collider searches! - interact with atmosphere & earth - use/send detectors higher up! - leave astrophysical signals - Supernova (SN), BBN, CMB… - be part of more complex dark sectors - with interesting collider / cosmological signatures! CF1,7 EF9 https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.06348 TF

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 43 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Looking right (to much more massive objects)

G. Losurdo's talk @ JENAS 2019 Gravitational wave experiments / multimessenger astronomy: • Revolutionary combination of information on the cosmos • experiments can shed light on DM with a wide range of masses

arXiv:1907.10610

CF3,7

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 44 Introduction DM @ Accelerators DM @ Direct & indirect detection Complementarity Conclusions and take-home points The search for Dark Matter, even for WIMPs alone, is not yet over… …it’s the perfect time to search everywhere, including for the rare & unusual much larger datasets, ”precision searches” new / improved detectors & techniques, at colliders and accelerators backgrounds & analysis tools Now and future: essential physics complementarity across different experiments

cosmological origin and nature of the DM-SM interaction DD/ID/astrophysics accelerators / colliders but also on tools, given shared theory, experimental & computing challenges

Snowmass: one of the best ways to help steer how DM discoveries will happen in the next 50 years!

Caterina Doglioni - 2020/10/30 - SEC Colloquium on Dark Matter 45 Thanks for your attention (and thanks to the Early Career scientists who worked to produce many of these results)!

Some of the ATLAS DM results: Direct Detection plots: Indirect Detection plots: the DARKJETS Team (Lund) Isabelle John (Lund, now Stockholm) Boyu Gao (OSU) (still working on DM for Snowmass!)

Scalar mediator plots: Marco Rimoldi (DESY)

with Emma Tolley, with Emma Tolley, Antonio Boveia, Linda Carpenter,

Jocelyn Monroe, Antonio Boveia, Christoph Weniger William Kalderon, Eric Maria Benito Corrigan, Eva Hansen, Per with Francesca Alexander Ekman (not Ungaro, Hideki pictured: Jannik Geisen) Okawa, Oleg Brandt