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Subject Index Subject Index Acoustic streaming, visualization of, 371 10K hybrid Stirling/J-T cooler, 505 Acoustic wave cryocooler for -60°C, 309 12K Stirling for 6K Hybrid J-T, 63 ADR (see Magnetic refrigerators) 6K J-T for NGST Instruments, 775 AIM (AEG Infrarot-Module), 139 HIRDLS Stirling integration, 769 Air Force Research Lab (AFRL): optical cryocooler research, 613 Astrium 10K Stirling cooler, 55 Bearings: Ball 10K hybrid Stirling/J-T cooler, 505 flexures in tactical coolers, 103, 111, 155 char. and endurance update, 17 flexures in long-life compressor, 169 cooler contamination lessons, 649 BEI (see BAE Systems) fail-safe experiment stand, 699 Brayton cycle cryocoolers (see Turbo-Brayton failure analysis of Creare SSRB, 673 cryocoolers) failure analysis of TRW 3503, 673 British Aerospace (BAe) cryocoolers (see Astrium program requirements overview, 1 cryocoolers) Raytheon 35K 1.2W PSC cooler, 35 California Institute of Technology, 577 Raytheon 60K 2W PSC cooler, 45 (see also Jet Propulsion Laboratory) reliability initiatives, 27 CEA/DRFMC (France): technology for cryogen storage, 749 sub-Kelvin coolers for space, 561, 567 vibration reduction in compressors, 175 GM-type pulse tube refrigerators, 229 Aisin Seiki 4K pulse tube, 243 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cryogenics Lab: American Superconductor Co., 235 4K GM/PT hybrid refrigerator, 265 Ames Research Center (NASA): mixed-gas auto-cascade J-Ts, 523 regenerator materials for 20K PT, 475 multi-bypass PT refrigerator, 337 zero-boil-off cryogen storage, 809 Chiyoda Corp., 363 Ames Laboratory (Iowa State Univ.): Compressors: erbium regenerator materials, 433 Oxford/Hymatic linear for PT, 169 properties of polycrystalline 457 flexure bearings in, 103, 111 regenerator materials for 20K PT, 475 vibration reduction in, 175 rare earth powder manufacturing, 449 Conductance, measurements of: Anti-stokes fluorescence: beds of metal spheres, 419 in Los Alamos optical cooler, 631 silver filled epoxy junctions, 689 using molecular dyes, 621 Contamination: in Ball optical cooler, 613 space cooler contamination lessons, 649 APD Cryogenics: temp. dependence of outgassing, 659 J-T cryostats for cryosurgery, 783 COM DEV, 759 small throttle-cycles with mixed gases, 513 Creare Cryocoolers: Applications (see Integration with cryocoolers) 4-35K Brayton cooler developments, 481 Arizona State University, 689 failure analysis of Creare SSRB, 673 Astrium cryocoolers (formerly BAe and MMS): flexible Brayton cryocooler model, 499 10 K 2-stage Stirling cooler, 55 life and reliability of Brayton coolers, 489 50-80K MOPITT cooler performance, 759 Cryomech, Inc: Atlas Scientific, 475 4K pulse tube, 205 BAE Systems (formerly BEI): 20 to 40K GM cryorefrigerators, 387 cooler contamination study, 659 CSA Engineering, 739 life test results, 665 Daikin Industries: Ball Aerospace cryocoolers: 2. 4K two-stage PT using 213 cooler contamination lessons, 649 80K-1W pulse tube for HTS filters, 119 821 822 SUBJECT INDEX regenerator material for sub-4K, 465 Hybrid cryocoolers: Database of cryo material properties, 681 4K GM/PT hybrid refrigerator, 265 DC flow, effect on PT efficiency, 371 Ball 6K hybrid J-T/Stirling, 63 DRS tactical Stirling coolers: Ball 10K hybrid J-T/Stirling cooler, 505 1.75W-77K performance characterization, 155 Raytheon Stirling with PT expander, 259 gamma-ray pulse tube cooler, 155 thermoacoustic driven PT, 301 with flexure springs, 103, 155 Hymatic Engineering Co., 169 Dynacs Engineering Co., 17, 45, 673, 699 IGC-APD Cryogenics (see APD Cryogenics) Ecole Normale Superieure, 317 IGC-Polycold Systems, 513 Eindhoven Univ. of Technology, 309 Imperial College, London, 621 Electric field emissions (see EMI/EMC measure- Integration of cryocoolers with: ments) bolometers, 577 Electromagnetic interference (see EMI/EMC cryosurgical applications, 783 measurements) external cold-end fluid loop, 393 Electronics: fail-safe experiment stand, 699 cooler drive and control, 145 flight electronics, 145 EMI/EMC measurements: gas liquefiers, 79, 199, 749, 803, 809 for SQUID-based heart monitor, 793 gimbal thermal transport system, 707 Erbium regenerator materials (see Regenerators) heart monitor, 793 European Space (ESA-ESRTC) activities, 567 heat pipes (see Heat pipes) Exergy analysis, 69 HTS applications (see HTS applications) Experiment stand, fail-safe, 699 long-term cryogen storage, 749, 809 Polatron GHz receiver, 577 Flexure spring bearings (see Bearings) space experiments (see Space experiments) Friedrich-Schiller Univ., Jena, 327 space instruments (see Space instruments) SQUIDs, 793 Gas-gap heat switches (see Heat switches) thermal switches (see Heat switches) Georgia Tech Research Institute, 27 vibration isolation systems, 719, 739 Gifford-McMahon Cryocoolers: Iwate Univ., 443 4K GM/PT hybrid refrigerator, 265 Cryomech 20 to 40K single-stage, 387 J-T cryocoolers: optimum intermediate temperatures for, 401 APD J-T for cryosurgery, 783 Sb regenerator compounds for 4K, 443 Ball 6K J-T for NGST Instruments, 775 Sumitomo, operation below 2K, 381 Ball 6K hybrid J-T/Stirling cooler, 63 with external cold-end flow loop, 393 Ball 10K hybrid J-T/Stirling cooler, 505 Gimbal thermal transport system, 707 mixed-gas auto-cascade J-Ts,523 Glenn Research Center (NASA), 809 small throttle-cycles with mixed gasses, 513 Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA): Jet Propulsion Lab: cooler contamination lessons learned, 649 cryocooler reliability prediction, 637 continuous magnetic refrigerator, 587 gamma-ray PT cooler, 155 Create 4-35K Bray ton developments 481 Planck sorption compressor element, 531 flexible Brayton cryocooler model, 499 Planck sorption performance pred. tools, 541 life and reliability of Brayton coolers, 489 TES pulse tube cryocooler, 131 Johnson & Johnson Co., 189 Heat switches: Joule-Thomson Cryocoolers (see J-T cryocoolers) JPL design and reliability of, 637 Justus-Liebig Univ., Giessen, 353 Swales development and testing of, 729 Heat pipes: Kennedy Space Center (NASA), 809 for waste heat removal, 707 Kogakuin Univ., 443 Heat conduction (see Conductance measurements) Korea Adv. Institute of Science and Tech., 345 Heat transfer in pulse tubes, 345 High temperature superconductor applications LG Electronics 65K-5W PT, 125 (see HTS applications) Life estimation method, 665 HIRDLS cryocooler integration, 769 Life test results: Hong Ik Univ., 345 BAE tactical coolers, 665 HTS applications: Creare SSRB turbo Brayton, 673 coolers for, 79, 95, 87, 119, 139, 235, 291 TRW 3503 pulse tube, 673 fetal heart monitor using SQUIDs, 793 Liquefier: RF filters for telecommunications, 119, 125 89K-20W PT for oxygen liquefier, 199 SUBJECT INDEX 823 vapor precooling with PT, 803 LosAlamos/UNM, 631 zero-boil-off cryogen storage, 809, 749 Imperial College London, 621 Lockheed Martin Adv. Tech. Center (Palo Alto): Outgassing, temperature dependence of, 659 35K LADS Stirling cooler, 317 Oxford University: cooler contamination lessons, 649 high-efficiency compressor, 169 cooler electronic controller, 145 vibration reduction in compressors, 175 gamma-ray PT cooler w/DRS comp., 155 miniature PT coolers for space appl., 145 Planck sorption coolers, 531, 541 Lockheed Martin Astronautics (Denver), 189 Polatron, sub-Kelvin coolers for, 577 Lockheed Martin Commun. and Power, 145 Properties, database of cryogenic, 681 Los Alamos National Laboratory: Pulse tube cryocoolers: optical cooler development, 631 2. 4K two-stage Daikin using 213 4K two-stage Aisin Seiki, 243 Magnetic refrigerators: 4KCryomech PT405, 205 continuous ADR for below 50 mK, 587 4K GM/PT hybrid refrigerator, 265 PT-cooled ADR for below 96 mK, 597 20K two-stage Karlsruhe, 221 regenerator materials for (see Regenerators) 50K-60W single-stage for HTS, 235 refrigerant materials for (see Refrigerants) 65K-5W LGE air-cooled PT, 125 Massachusetts Inst. of Technology: 65K-0.3W miniature Lockheed, 145 dissipation by metal bellows, 605 70K-67W high cooling power, 327 G-M cooler with external flow loop, 393 80K-1W with Ricor compressor, 317 Materials: 80K-1W Daikin for HTS filters, 119 properties database, 681 80K-1.5W JPL/LM gamma-ray cooler, 155 conductance of (see Conductance) 89K-20W for oxygen liquefier, 199 refrigerants (see Refrigerants) 95K Raytheon hybrid Stirling/PT, 183 regenerator (see Regenerators) GM-type PT devel. at CEA, 229 Matra Marconi coolers (see Astrium coolers) NIST/Lockheed miniature flight, 189 MER Corp., 427 TRW 3503, 673 Meisei Univ., 443 TRW 6020, 17 Mesoscopic Devices, 199 TRW 95K high efficiency, 169, 163 MetroLaser, Inc., 621 TRW TES, 131 Miniature sorption coolers, 551 Pulse tube theory and investigations: Mission Research Corp., 749 2.4K achieved using 213 MITI, Mech. Engin. Lab, 363, 371 4K 2-stage development, 243 Mixed gasses for refrigerants (see Refrigerants) 20K 2-stage development, 221 Molecular dyes, 621 50K-60W development for HTS, 235 MOPITT cooler performance, 759 70K-67W four-valve development, 327 Moscow Power Engineering Inst., 513 80K-1W with Ricor compressor, 317 Moscow State Univ. (Russia), 457 combined cooling and freezing cycle, 291 Multistage optim. using exergy analysis, 69 dc flow visualization, 371 exergy analysis for multi-stage optimization, 69 Nat'l Inst. of Standards and Tech. (see NIST) gas dynamics, numerical study of, 363 NGST, coolers for, 775 GM-type PT development at CEA, 229 Ninon University: He and mixtures as working fluid, 281 2.4K two-stage PT using 213 heat transfer in PT, numerical study, 345 80K-1W pulse tube for HTS filters, 119 hybrid Stirling /PT expander, 259 using 3He for sub-4K PT, 273 multi-bypass pulse tube,
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