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Dynamic Social Network Analysis: Present Roots and Future Fruits
Dynamic Social Network Analysis: Present Roots and Future Fruits Ms. Nancy K Hayden Project Leader Defense Threat Reduction Agency Advanced Systems and Concepts Office Stephen P. Borgatti, Ronald L. Breiger, Peter Brooks, George B. Davis, David S. Dornisch, Jeffrey Johnson, Mark Mizruchi, Elizabeth Warner July 2009 DEFENSE THREAT REDUCTION AGENCY •ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS OFFICE REPORT NUMBER ASCO 2009 009 The mission of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) is to safeguard America and its allies from weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high explosives) by providing capabilities to reduce, eliminate, and counter the threat, and mitigate its effects. The Advanced Systems and Concepts Office (ASCO) supports this mission by providing long-term rolling horizon perspectives to help DTRA leadership identify, plan, and persuasively communicate what is needed in the near term to achieve the longer-term goals inherent in the agency’s mission. ASCO also emphasizes the identification, integration, and further development of leading strategic thinking and analysis on the most intractable problems related to combating weapons of mass destruction. For further information on this project, or on ASCO’s broader research program, please contact: Defense Threat Reduction Agency Advanced Systems and Concepts Office 8725 John J. Kingman Road Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060-6201 [email protected] Or, visit our website: http://www.dtra.mil/asco/ascoweb/index.htm Dynamic Social Network Analysis: Present Roots and Future Fruits Ms. Nancy K. Hayden Project Leader Defense Threat Reduction Agency Advanced Systems and Concepts Office and Stephen P. Borgatti, Ronald L. Breiger, Peter Brooks, George B. Davis, David S. -
Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion, and Desire by David Graeber
POSSIBILITIES Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion, and Desire POSSIBILITIES Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion, and Desire David Graeber Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion, and Desire by David Graeber ISBN 978-1904859-66-6 Library of Congress Number: 2007928387 ©2007 David Graeber This edition © 2007 AK Press Cover Design: John Yates Layout: C. Weigl & Z. Blue Proofreader: David Brazil AK Press 674-A 23rd Street Oakland, CA 94612 www.akpress.org akpress @akpress.org 510.208.1700 AK Press U.K. PO Box 12766 Edinburgh EH8 9YE www.akuk.com [email protected] 0131.555.5165 Printed in Canada on 100% recycled, acid-free paper by union labor. TABLE OF CONTENTS In tro d u c tio n ....................................................................................................................... 1 PART I: SOME THOUGHTS ON THE ORIGINS OF OUR CURRENT PREDICAMENT 1 Manners, Deference, and Private Property: Or, Elements for a General Theory of Hierarchy................................................................................................... 13 2 The Very Idea of Consumption: Desire, Phantasms, and the Aesthetics of Destruction from Medieval Times to the Present...............................................57 3 Turning Modes of Production Inside-Out: Or, Why Capitalism Is a Transformation of Slavery (short version).......................................................... 85 4 Fetishism as Social Creativity: Or, Fetishes Are Gods in the Process of C onstruction.................................................................................................................113 -
Critique of Anthropology
Critique of Anthropology http://coa.sagepub.com Turning Modes of Production Inside Out: Or, Why Capitalism is a Transformation of Slavery David Graeber Critique of Anthropology 2006; 26; 61 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X06061484 The online version of this article can be found at: http://coa.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/26/1/61 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Critique of Anthropology can be found at: Email Alerts: http://coa.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://coa.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations (this article cites 9 articles hosted on the SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms): http://coa.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/26/1/61#BIBL Downloaded from http://coa.sagepub.com at OREGON STATE UNIV LIBRARY on July 1, 2007 © 2006 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution. Article Turning Modes of Production Inside Out Or, Why Capitalism is a Transformation of Slavery David Graeber Department of Anthropology, Yale University Abstract ■ Marxist theory has by now largely abandoned the (seriously flawed) notion of the ‘mode of production’, but doing so has only encouraged a trend to abandon much of what was radical about it and naturalize capitalist categories. This article argues a better conceived notion of a mode of production – one that recognizes the primacy of human production, and hence a more sophisticated notion of materialism – might still have something to show us: notably, that capi- talism, or at least industrial capitalism, has far more in common with, and is historically more closely linked with, chattel slavery than most of us had ever imagined. -
Soc 6460: Economic Sociology
Cornell University • Spring 2019 Syllabus Soc 6460: Economic Sociology Filiz Garip Department of Sociology 348 Uris Hall [email protected] Time: Thursday 2-4pm Location: Uris Hall 340 Office Hours: Thursday 4-5pm (Uris Hall 348) Website: search for Soc 6460 in Blackboard (www.blackboard.cornell.edu) COURSE DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES This course is an introduction to the sociological examination of economic phenomena. As a subfield that has grown rapidly over the past twenty years, economic sociology has focused on three major activities: First, it has examined the prerequisites for and constraints to economic processes as defined by economists. Second, it has extended economic models to social phenomena rarely considered in the domain of economics. Third, and most ambitiously, it has tried to search for alternative accounts of phenomena typically formulated only in economic terms. This course will provide an overview of these broad concerns and approaches in economic sociology, and review the sociological explanations of economic activities of production, consumption and distribution in a wide range of settings. REQUIREMENTS Students are expected to attend each meeting, do the readings thoroughly and in advance, and participate actively in class. Emphasis is on mastering, responding critically and creatively to, and integrating the course material, with an eye toward developing your own research questions and interests. You should be able to answer the following questions about each assigned reading: • What research question is the author -
Formalist and Relationalist Theory in Social Network Analysis
Formalist and Relationalist Theory in Social Network Analysis Emily Erikson Yale University 17 March 2011 Draft Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Peter Bearman, Scott Boorman, Richard Lachmann, David Stark, Nicholas Wilson, the participants of Boston University’s Society, Politics & Culture Workshop, and Yale University’s Comparative Research Workshop for their helpful comments. s Abstract: There is a widespread understanding that social networks are relationalist. In this paper, I suggest an alternative view that relationalism is only one theoretical perspective in network analysis. Relationalism, as currently defined, rejects essentialism, a priori categories, and insists upon the intersubjectivity of experience and meaning, as well as the importance of the content of interactions and their historical setting. Formalism is based on a structuralist interpretation of the theoretical works of Georg Simmel. Simmel based his theory on a Neo-Kantian program of identifying a priori categories of relational types and patterns that operate independently of cultural content or historical setting. Formalism and relationalism are therefore entirely distinct from each other. Yet both are internally consistent theoretical perspectives. The contrast between the two plays out in their approaches to culture, meaning, agency, and generalizability. In this paper, I distinguish the two theoretical strains. 2 Since its inception in the 1930s, social network research has become an increasingly vibrant part of sociology inquiry. The field has grown tremendously over the last few decades: new journals and conferences have been created, programs and concentrations in social network analysis have been created in institutions in both North America and Europe, and large numbers of scholars have been attracted to the field from across a wide disciplinary array, including sociology, anthropology, management sciences, computer science, biology, mathematics, and physics. -
Socialism and the Blockchain
future internet Article Socialism and the Blockchain Steve Huckle * and Martin White Creative Technology Group, Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Chichester 1, 128, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QT, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-0-1273-606755 Academic Editor: Carmen de Pablos Heredero Received: 5 August 2016; Accepted: 10 October 2016; Published: 18 October 2016 Abstract: Bitcoin (BTC) is often cited as Libertarian. However, the technology underpinning Bitcoin, blockchain, has properties that make it ideally suited to Socialist paradigms. Current literature supports the Libertarian viewpoint by focusing on the ability of Bitcoin to bypass central authority and provide anonymity; rarely is there an examination of blockchain technology’s capacity for decentralised transparency and auditability in support of a Socialist model. This paper conducts a review of the blockchain, Libertarianism, and Socialist philosophies. It then explores Socialist models of public ownership and looks at the unique cooperative properties of blockchain that make the technology ideal for supporting Socialist societies. In summary, this paper argues that blockchain technologies are not just a Libertarian tool, they also enhance Socialist forms of governance. Keywords: Bitcoin; blockchain; cryptocurrency; fiat money; libertarianism; socialism; Marxism; anarchism 1. Introduction Bitcoin (BTC) is referred to as cryptocurrency because it is a form of electronic cash that relies on cryptography. Since its inception in early 2009 [1], it has achieved a degree of prominence, not least in terms of market value; at the time of writing, its total market capitalisation was over US $6 billion [2]. Furthermore, governmental institutions are beginning to examine the blockchain technology underpinning BTC [3] because some of its properties, which we discuss below, may have implications that extend beyond economics and into social, political and humanitarian domains [4]. -
Governing Excharige in Strategic Alliances: the Dynamics of Interfirm Trust
Governing Excharige in Strategic Alliances: The Dynamics of Interfirm Trust Henry Adobor A Thesis in The Department of Management Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada June 1999 O Henry Adobor, 1999 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 191 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Seivices seivices bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. nie Wellington Ottawa ON KIA ON4 OttawaON KlAON4 Canada Canada Yaur bb Vom mlsrsnar Our W Notre referma The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sel1 reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of ths thesis in microfon, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de rnicrofiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique . The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be p~tedor otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent êîre imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. ABSTRACT Governing Exchange in Strategic Alliances: The Dynamics of Interfirm Trust Henry Adobor. Ph. D. Concordia University, 1999 This thesis focuses on the dynamics of trust in strategic alliances. Trust as a form of qualitative governance is generally seen as a mother Iode for successful partnering. -
Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants Of
Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action Author(s): Alejandro Portes and Julia Sensenbrenner Source: The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 98, No. 6 (May, 1993), pp. 1320-1350 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2781823 Accessed: 25/02/2010 09:22 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucpress. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The American Journal of Sociology. http://www.jstor.org Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action1 Alejandro Portes and Julia Sensenbrenner Johns Hopkins University This article contributes to the reemerging field of economic sociol- ogy by (1) delving into its classic roots to refine current concepts and (2) using examples from the immigration literature to explore the different forms in which social structures affect economic ac- tion. -
Anarchism, Past and Present
ANARCHISM, PAST AND PRESENT Spring 2021; PHIL 32091 / CRN: 17068 “Seminar on Philosophical Reflections” Mondays/Wednesdays, 12:30-1:45pm Synchronous; Remote Delivery Dr. David Pereplyotchik [email protected] This course begins with the history of anarchism in 19th-century Europe, covering figures such as Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Mikhail Bakunin, and Pyotr Kropotkin. These thinkers laid down the foundations of the anarchist philosophy regarding the relationship between an individual and society. Though similar in some respects to the socialism of Karl Marx, we will see that anarchist ideas differ sharply from Marxism, and even more so from the historically disastrous doctrines of V. I. Lenin. We then move our attention to the United States in the early 20th century, where Emma Goldman, Lucy Parsons, and many others made profound contributions to our understanding of both women’s rights and Black rights, and made clear the injustices of the modern-day prison system. Later in the century, a revival of anarchist philosophy was wrought by Noam Chomsky, Murray Bookchin, David Graeber, and Ruth Kinna, this time focusing more heavily on contemporary issues, such as the battle against neo-fascism and neoliberalism, the fight for LGBTQ+ rights, for animal welfare, and for substantive solutions to the ecological and social problems stemming from global anthropogenic climate change. We’ll round out the course with a foray into two related areas—one historical, the other literary. The first of these is Taoist philosophy, which articulated core anarchist themes as early as the 6th century BC. The second is a literary work of futuristic fiction, The Dispossessed, by the Taoist and Anarchist author, Ursula K. -
Social Capital: a Theory of Social Structure and Action - Nan Lin Frontmatter More Information
Cambridge University Press 0521474310 - Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action - Nan Lin Frontmatter More information Social Capital A Theory of Social Structure and Action In Social Capital, Nan Lin explains the importance of using social connections and social relations in achieving goals. Social capital, or resources accessed through such connections and rela- tions, is critical (along with human capital, or what a person or an organization actually possesses) to individuals, social groups, organizations, and communities in achieving objectives. This book places social capital in the family of capital theo- ries (the classical and neoclassical theories), articulates its ele- ments and propositions, presents research programs, findings, and agendas, and theorizes its significance in various moments of interactions between individual actions and social structure (for example, the primordial groups, social exchanges, organi- zations, institutional transformations, and cybernetworks). Nan Lin eloquently introduces a groundbreaking theory that force- fully argues and shows why “it is who you know” as well as “what you know” that make a difference in life and society. Nan Lin is Professor of Sociology and Director of the Asian/ Pacific Studies Institutes at Duke University. He is author of The Struggle for Tiananmen (1992); Social Support, Life Events and Depression (with Alfred Dean and Walter Ensel, 1986); Foun- dation of Social Research (1976); and The Study of Human Communication (1973). He is coeditor (with Peter Marsden) of Social Structure and Network Analysis (1982). His work has appeared in American Sociological Review, American Journal of Sociology, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, and Social Forces, among other journals. -
Graeber on the Moral Grounds of Economic Relations
OAC PRESS Working Papers Series #6 On the Moral Grounds of Economic Relations A Maussian Approach1 David Graeber2 Goldsmiths © 2010 David Graeber Open Anthropology Cooperative Press www.openanthcoop.net/press This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ 1 This paper was published in French in Revue du MAUSS Semestrielle No 36 (October 2010), ‘Mauss vivant -- The Living Mauss’, 51-70. An online version of this issue containing 42 articles (a number of them in English) originally produced for a 2009 conference at Cerisy-la-Salle, may be purchased for 29 euros. 2 Reader in Anthropology, Goldsmiths, University of London. He is the author of Debt: The first 5,000 years (Melville House, New York, 2011). 1 For all the vast literature on “the gift,” the concept is surprisingly under-theorized. This is because everyone assumes that there is something called “the gift”, that all transactions not involving payment or the promise of payment are the same thing. Whether seen as a matter of generosity, lack of calculation, creating social relations or a refusal to distinguish between generosity and self-interest, the possibility that “gifts” operate according to different transactional logics is often overlooked. In challenging the assumption of the gift’s conceptual unity, I follow Marcel Mauss whose great contribution to social theory was to recognize not only the diversity of “economic transactions” across human societies, but also that all important economic and moral possibilities are present in any human society. -
A Theoretical Agenda for Economic Sociology
A Theoretical Agenda for Economic Sociology To appear in Economic Sociology at the Millenium, edited by Mauro F. Guillen, Randall Collins, Paula England, and Marshall Meyer (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2001). Mark Granovetter Department of Sociology Stanford University June 1, 20001 1 For their valuable comments on an earlier draft of this paper, I am indebted to Randall Collins, my discussant at the second annual Penn Economic Sociology Conference, the other conference participants, and to Richard Swedberg, Kiyoteru Tsutsui and Valery Yakubovich. A Theoretical Agenda for Economic Sociology. Mark Granovetter. 6/1/00 1 INTRODUCTION Economic sociology is no longer a novelty. Born in the late 19th century and reborn in the 1970s, it has produced a long run of exciting studies and promising leads.2 As the century turns, it is timely to look beyond our accumulation of important empirical studies and reassess what theoretical agenda a structural economic sociology might pursue, and where this agenda fits with the main concerns of sociology and economics. In doing so, we should keep in mind that the production and distribution of goods and services is just one institutional complex of activities, and that the arguments appropriate to them should have some generic similarity to arguments we might develop to explain political action, science and knowledge, family and kinship, and other persistent social patterns. Thinking about how the sociology of the economy is similar to and different from that of other institutions helps us see what kinds of arguments will work best. INCENTIVES, INDIVIDUALS, CONTEXT AND HISTORY We may begin by asking what is distinctive about economic sociology as a way to explain the economy.