CIB Meeting Held on 12.11.2020
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries
Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries. Peter Jentsch Extension Associate Department of Entomology Cornell University's Hudson Valley Lab 3357 Rt. 9W; PO box 727 Highland, NY 12528 email: [email protected] Phone 845-691-7151 Mobile: 845-417-7465 http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/faculty/jentsch/ 2 Historical Perspectives on Fruit Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Chemistries. by Peter Jentsch I. Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 Synthetic Pesticide Development and Use II. Influences Changing the Pest Management Profile in Apple Production Chemical Residues in Early Insect Management Historical Chemical Regulation Recent Regulation Developments Changing Pest Management Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 The Science Behind The Methodology Pesticide Revisions – Requirements For New Registrations III. Resistance of Insect Pests to Insecticides Resistance Pest Management Strategies IV. Reduced Risk Chemistries: New Modes of Action and the Insecticide Treadmill Fermentation Microbial Products Bt’s, Abamectins, Spinosads Juvenile Hormone Analogs Formamidines, Juvenile Hormone Analogs And Mimics Insect Growth Regulators Azadirachtin, Thiadiazine Neonicotinyls Major Reduced Risk Materials: Carboxamides, Carboxylic Acid Esters, Granulosis Viruses, Diphenyloxazolines, Insecticidal Soaps, Benzoyl Urea Growth Regulators, Tetronic Acids, Oxadiazenes , Particle Films, Phenoxypyrazoles, Pyridazinones, Spinosads, Tetrazines , Organotins, Quinolines. 3 I Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 The apple has a rather ominous origin. Its inception is framed in the biblical text regarding the genesis of mankind. The backdrop appears to be the turbulent setting of what many scholars believe to be present day Iraq. -
Impact of Pesticide Use on Health in Developing Countries
Impact of pesticide use on health in developing countries Proceedings of a symposium held in Ottawa, Canada, 1 7-20 September 1990 IDRC CRDI International Development Research Centre Centre de recherches pour le devetoppement international 1 March 1993 Dear Reader/Librarian, IDRC is a public corporation created by the Canadian parliament in 1970 to help developing countries find viable solutions to their problems through research. At the 1992 Earth Summit, IDRC's mandate was broadened to emphasize sustainable development issues. As part of IDRC's strengthened commitment to global action and harüony, we are pleased to send you a complimentary copy of our most recent publication: The impact of pesticide use on health in developing countries (March 1993, 352 pages, 0-88936-560-1, $17.95). The first part of this book presents a brief survey of the global situation and the results of twelve epidemiological studies carried out by researchers from Africa, Latin America, Asia and the Middle East. These focus on poisonings resulting from organophosphates, herbicides, and pyrethroids. The second part illustrates the role of the process of development, production, spraying techniques and legislation in protecting the health of workers. A discussion of the benefits and modalities of access to pertinent information for the prevention of pesticide poisonings is provided in the third section. Finally, in the fourth section, consideration is given to the advantages and disadvantages of certain alternatives to the use of synthetic pesticides in agriculture and public health, such as botanical pesticides and integrated pest management strategies. We hope this book is a valuable addition to your collection. -
Expansive and Diverse Phenotypic Landscape of Field Aedes Aegypti Larvae with Differential Susceptibility
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.07.447310; this version posted June 7, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Title Page 2 Full Title: Expansive and diverse phenotypic landscape of field Aedes aegypti larvae with 3 differential susceptibility to temephos: beyond metabolic detoxification 4 Short Title: Gene expression in temephos resistant field populations of Aedes aegypti 5 Authors: Jasmine Morgan1, J. Enrique Salcedo-Sora2*, Omar Triana-Chavez3, Clare Strode1* 6 Author affiliations: 1Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, UK 7 2Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK 8 3Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), University of 9 Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia 10 Corresponding authors: * [email protected] (CS) and J.Salcedo- 11 [email protected] (JES-S) 1 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.07.447310; this version posted June 7, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 12 Abstract 13 Arboviruses including dengue, Zika and chikungunya are amongst the most significant public 14 health concerns worldwide and their control relies heavily on the use of insecticides to 15 control the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. -
Transfluthrin (Insecticides, Acaricides and Products to Control Other Arthropods)
Regulation (EU) n°528/2012 concerning the making available on the market and use of biocidal products Evaluation of active substances Assessment Report Transfluthrin (insecticides, acaricides and products to control other arthropods) 13 March 2014 RMS: the Netherlands Transfluthrin (PT18) Assessment report Finalised in the Standing Committee on Biocidal Products at its meeting on 13 March 2014 CONTENTS 1. STATEMENT OF SUBJECT MATTER AND PURPOSE .................................. 4 1.1. Principle of evaluation .................................................................................... 4 1.2. Purpose of the assessment report ................................................................... 4 1.3. Procedure followed .......................................................................................... 4 2. OVERALL SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................... 6 2.1. Presentation of the Active Substance ............................................................. 6 2.1.1. Identity, Physico-Chemical Properties & Methods of Analysis ....... 6 2.1.2. Intended Uses and Efficacy ................................................................ 8 2.1.3. Classification and Labelling .............................................................. 8 2.2. Summary of the Risk Assessment ................................................................ 11 2.2.1. Human Health Risk Assessment ...................................................... 11 2.2.1.1. Hazard identification ........................................................................ -
Tenth Meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group
MEETING REPORT 13–15 May 2019 Tenth meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group MEETING REPORT 13–15 May 2019 Tenth meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group WHO/CDS/VCAG/2019.02 © World Health Organization 2019 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Tenth meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/CDS/VCAG/2019.02). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. -
[별표 1] 유독물(제2조 관련) 1. 과산화 나트륨 [Sodium Peroxide] 및 이를 함유한 제제
[별표 1] 유독물(제2조 관련) 1. 과산화 나트륨 [Sodium peroxide] 및 이를 함유한 제제. 다만, 이를 5%이하 함유한 것은 제외한다. 2. 과산화 수소 [Hydrogen peroxide] 및 이를 함유한 제제. 다만, 이를 6%이하 함유한 것은 제외한다. 3. 과산화 요소 [Urea peroxide] 및 이를 함유한 제제. 다만, 이를 17%이하 함유한 것은 제외한다. 4. 나트륨 [Sodium] 5. β-나프톨 [β-Naphthol] 및 이를 함유한 제제. 다만, 이를 1%이하 함유한 것은 제외한다. 6. 1-나프틸 메틸카르밤산 [1-Naphthyl methylcarbamate : Carbaryl, Sevin, Arylam] 및 이를 함유한 제제. 다만, 이를 5%이하 함유한 것은 제외한다. 7. α-나프틸 티오우레아 [α-Naphthyl thiourea : ANTU, Bantu, Krysid] 및 이를 함유한 제제 8. 납 화합물 [Lead compound]. 다만, 시산화 심납(Lead tetroxide), 황산 납(Lead sulfate), 염기성 탄산납(Basic lead carbonate)은 제외한다. 9. 니켈 카르보닐 [Nickel carbonyl] 및 이를 함유한 제제 10. 니코틴 [Nicotine]과 그 염류 및 그중 하나를 함유한 제제 11. 니트로벤젠 [Nitrobenzene] 12. 1-(4-니트로페닐)-3-(3-피라딜메틸)우레아 [1-(4-Nitrophenyl)-3-(3-pyridylmethyl)urea : Priminil, Vacor] 및 이를 함유한 제제 13. 2,4-디니트로-6-메틸프로필페닐디메틸 아크릴산 [2,4-Dinitro-6-methyl propylphenyldimethyl acrylate : Binapacryl, Morocide] 및 이를 함유한 제제 14. 4,6-디니트로-o-크레솔 [4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol : DNOC, Antinonnin, Sinox]과 그 염류 및 그중 하나를 함유한 제제 15. 3-(디메톡시포스핀일옥시)-N-메틸이소크로톤아미드 [3-(Dimethoxyphosphinyloxy)-N-methylisocrotonamide : Azodrin, Monocrotophos, Apadrin] 및 이를 함유한 제제 16. O,O-디메틸 O-p-니트로페닐 티오인산 [O,O-Dimethyl O-p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate : Methyl parathion, Metaphos, Metacide] 및 이를 함유한 제제 17. 디메틸 (E)-2-디메틸카르바모일-1-메틸비닐 인산 [Dimethyl (E)-2-dimethylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl phosphate : Ektafos, Dicrotophos, Bidrin, Carbicron] 및 이를 함유한 제제 18. -
ORIGINAL ARTICLES AAEM Ann Agric Environ Med 2011, 18, 85–88
ORIGINAL ARTICLES AAEM Ann Agric Environ Med 2011, 18, 85–88 CONTENT OF TRANSFLUTHRIN IN INDOOR AIR DURING THE USE OF ELECTRO-VAPORIZERS Teresa Nazimek1, Magdalena Wasak1, Wojciech Zgrajka1, Waldemar Andrzej Turski1, 2 1Department of Toxicology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland 2Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland Nazimek T, Wasak M, Zgrajka W, Turski WA: Content of transfl uthrin in indoor air dur- ing the use of electro-vaporizers. Ann Agric Environ Med 2011, 18, 85–88. Abstract: The quality of indoor air evokes increasing interest; however, no standards have been developed which determine the content of pesticides in the air of living space. At present, insecticides are increasingly more frequently applied to control household pests, fl ies, mosquitoes, termites and other harmful insects. In this study, the content of transfl uthrin was measured indoors after the application of two consumer products containing this active substance, using commercially available electro-vaporizers. It was found that during the application of insecticides in the form of gel and liquid the mean concentration of transfl uthrin in the air was 1.295–2.422 μg/m3 and 3.817–5.227 μg/m3, respectively. The concentration of an active agent in the air did not depend on the day of application. The concentration of transfl uthrin was higher when used in the form of a liquid than a gel preparation. 18–24 hours after the discontinuation of the use of the preparation no active agent was found in the air. As long as the standards are developed regulating the content of insecticides in the air of living spaces and utility rooms, the most important method of preventing their potential hazardous effect is informing the users of these preparations about the occurrence of active substances in indoor air, and eventual risk of exposure to the effect of pesticides during their application at home. -
TM-C Annexes.Pdf
DESTRUCTION AND DECONTAMINATION TECHNOLOGIES FRO PCBs AND OTHER POPs WASTES UNDER THE BASEL CONVENTION A Training Manual for Hazardous Waste Project Managers Volume C - Annexes Secretariat of the Basel Convention Autoclaving Name of Process: Autoclaving Status: Autoclaving is a technology that has been around for many years now and is Applicable POPs wastes: well proven. In general for PCBs, only the oil and transformer components such PCB’s and not for other POPs as ceramics, cardboard and wood are incinerated. After decontamination, the various metals such as copper, steel and aluminium are sent to the metals recycling industry. In fact, the autoclaving cannot be compared with the other technologies dealt with, as it does not treat the PCB itself, but its objective is the clean-up and re- use of the with PCB contaminated materials, which is a completely different purpose as the other technologies. One has to consider that 98% of the contaminated oil is not going into the autoclaving but directly to the incinerator! Technology description: Autoclaving is a solvent decontamination process that extracts PCBs from contaminated material. The process is most often used in projects in conjunction with high temperature incineration. For capacitors the process involves shredding and placing all the material into the autoclaving chamber and by vacuum extraction with solvent remove the PCB. The condensers solid materials, after sawing and decontamination, are totally treated in the incineration plant through the solid burden way, and only the ceramics can then be landfilled. The extracted oil and PCBs is sent for HTI incineration, Alkali metal reduction or other alternative technologies. -
Recent Advances on Detection of Insecticides Using Optical Sensors
sensors Review Recent Advances on Detection of Insecticides Using Optical Sensors Nurul Illya Muhamad Fauzi 1, Yap Wing Fen 1,2,*, Nur Alia Sheh Omar 1,2 and Hazwani Suhaila Hashim 2 1 Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] (N.I.M.F.); [email protected] (N.A.S.O.) 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Insecticides are enormously important to industry requirements and market demands in agriculture. Despite their usefulness, these insecticides can pose a dangerous risk to the safety of food, environment and all living things through various mechanisms of action. Concern about the environmental impact of repeated use of insecticides has prompted many researchers to develop rapid, economical, uncomplicated and user-friendly analytical method for the detection of insecticides. In this regards, optical sensors are considered as favorable methods for insecticides analysis because of their special features including rapid detection time, low cost, easy to use and high selectivity and sensitivity. In this review, current progresses of incorporation between recognition elements and optical sensors for insecticide detection are discussed and evaluated well, by categorizing it based on insecticide chemical classes, including the range of detection and limit of detection. Additionally, this review aims to provide powerful insights to researchers for the future development of optical sensors in the detection of insecticides. Citation: Fauzi, N.I.M.; Fen, Y.W.; Omar, N.A.S.; Hashim, H.S. Recent Keywords: insecticides; optical sensor; recognition element Advances on Detection of Insecticides Using Optical Sensors. -
Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2019 Theinternational Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Was Established in 1980
The WHO Recommended Classi cation of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classi cation 2019 cation Hazard of Pesticides by and Guidelines to Classi The WHO Recommended Classi The WHO Recommended Classi cation of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classi cation 2019 The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2019 TheInternational Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) was established in 1980. The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management of chemicals. This publication was developed in the IOMC context. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views or stated policies of individual IOMC Participating Organizations. The Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) was established in 1995 following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development to strengthen cooperation and increase international coordination in the field of chemical safety. The Participating Organizations are: FAO, ILO, UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO, UNITAR, WHO, World Bank and OECD. The purpose of the IOMC is to promote coordination of the policies and activities pursued by the Participating Organizations, jointly or separately, to achieve the sound management of chemicals in relation to human health and the environment. WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification, 2019 edition ISBN 978-92-4-000566-2 (electronic version) ISBN 978-92-4-000567-9 (print version) ISSN 1684-1042 © World Health Organization 2020 Some rights reserved. -
LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS Multi Residue Pesticide Analysis in Fruit and Vegetable Extracts on a Single Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer
36 May / June 2017 LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS Multi Residue Pesticide Analysis in Fruit and Vegetable Extracts on a Single Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer by Kari Organtini1, Gareth Cleland1, Eimear McCall2, and Simon Hird2 1Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA 2Waters Corporation, Wilmslow, UK Hundreds of pesticides are commercially available and are approved for use on various fruit and vegetable plants to prevent pest infestation and improve shelf-life of fresh produce. Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) are set at the highest level of pesticide that the relevant regulatory body would expect to find in that crop when it has been treated in accordance with good agricultural practice. In the EU, if a pesticide is not explicitly mentioned in the MRL legislation, a default MRL is used for enforcement. This default value is set to be equal to the limit of quantification (LOQ) achievable with the analytical methods used for analysis. National authorities control and enforce MRLs by testing samples for pesticide residue levels using analytical surveillance programs. These programs check for compliance with MRLs, assess dietary exposure, and check for use of unauthorised pesticides. The food industry also carries out its own due diligence analyses. Mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with fragile or easily fragmented compounds. in this study (listed in appendix tables) were both gas chromatography (GC) and liquid APGC ionisation can occur using two chosen to cover a wide range of different chromatography (LC) is needed to provide mechanisms; proton transfer (wet source) pesticide classes and chemistries. The multi comprehensive analysis of a wide range of or charge transfer (dry source). -
Pesticide Pollution in Nepal
Status of Pesticide pollution in Nepal Kanti Shrestha, Ph.D Chief Scientific officer Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur 20th June 2014 National Symposium on Pesticide Pollution GLOBAL CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF PESTICIDES S.N. Country Pesticide Use-a.i.(kg/ha) 1 India 0.38 2 China 2.0-2.5 3 Pakistan 1.3 4 Bangladesh 0.4 5 Bhutan 0.1 6 Republic of Korea 6.6 7 Japan 12 8 Indonesia 0.575 9 Thailand 1.1 10 Netherlands 9.4 11 Europe 1.9 12 USA 1.5 13 Germany 2.5 14 Norway 0.4 15 Africa 1.23 16 Nepal 0.142 Source: Pesticide use by country", World Resources Institute, livemint.com, 2007, Less pesticide on your food: Good news, 2012 and Trends in pesticide use and drivers for safer pest management, 2008 Pesticide trader • Private pesticide dealership started from 1995 when AIC stopped bulk purchasing of pesticides. • Network of private wholesalers & retailers in most of the districts Direct purchase • Some institution have been directly purchasing pesticides independently. • National Seed Company, Cotton Development Board, Nepal Food Corporation as well as the Epidemiology and Disease Control Division. List of Company involved in Pesticide formulation S. No. Name of Company Address /Farm 1 Kissan Agro Chemicals Birgunj, Parsa 2 Amit Pesticide Udhyog Birgunj, Parsa 3 Nepal Agro Industries Parsauni-2 Bara 4 Khoteja Agro Pvt. Ltd. Jagatpur, Chitwan 5 Nepal Krishi Rasayan Birgunj, Parsa Total registered pesticides 2068/6/31 S N Type of Pesticides Trade Name Common Name 1 Insecticides 500 40 2 Fungicides 229 33 3 Rodenticides 10 2 4 Weedicides 88 15 5 Bio-pesticides 19 7 6 Bactericides 6 2 7 Acaricides 7 3 Total 859 102 Classification Organochlorines (eg.DDT, BHC etc.) Organophosphates (eg.Malathion, Phorate, Quinalphos, Fenitrothion etc.) Carbamates (eg.