EOPC Arl21 Vlm 4 ubr4 Royal Aeronautical Society Volume 44 Number 4 April 2017 AEROSPACE

April 2017

IMPORTANCE OF REGIONAL AIRLINES RAF TO STIMULATE AIR POWER DEBATE IN-FLIGHT CONNECTIVITY BOOST www.aerosociety.com

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CABIN BAGS. TRAVEL FAST. Volume 44 Number 4 April 2017 RTA Regional Dubai’s fl ying taxis repercussions Can Dubai deliver How ERA is assisting the world’s fi rst Sukhoi Superjet 14 regional airlines to automated fl ying taxi 26 compete in diffi cult service? economic conditions. Contents

Correspondence on all aerospace matters is welcome at: The Editor, AEROSPACE, No.4 Hamilton Place, London W1J 7BQ, UK [email protected] Comment Regulars 4 Radome 12 Transmission The latest aviation and Your letters, emails, tweets aeronautical intelligence, and feedback. analysis and comment. 62 The Last Word The ascent of mammals 10 Antenna Keith Hayward on the Howard Wheeldon asks positive role of humanitarian whether there may be air power. How long might the conventional helicopter, as we know and love it, survive? further UK defence cuts Certainly it is probable that, for some tasks, traditional rotorcraft will continue ahead. for decades and Bell’s FCX-001 (see p 4) represents a futuristic look at where technology may go. Yet, for some missions and roles there are now early stirrings of what might be termed VTOL mammals, to rotorcraft’s Features dinosaurs. This new breed of VTOL aircraft – smaller, quieter and more agile TAI – may begin by scurrying around the urban undergrowth but for how long? This year, for instance, Dubai plans to lead the world by putting into service a fully automated, electric-powered aerial passenger ‘drone’ (see p 14) to Airbus Helicopters enhance urban mobility. Others now believe we are close to realising a goal of aerial urban transport. Airbus is to fl y its fi rst Vahana electric VTOL vehicle by 18 30 the end of the year and has other concepts on the go. Meanwhile, Google co- Faster helicopters, quicker founder Larry Page is working on a secretive ‘fl ying car’ project with a start- Stealth partners innovation up called Zee.Aero. Israel’s Urban Aeronautics has conducted autonomous The UK is collaborating with How Airbus Helicopters is Turkey on an indigenous fl ights of its Cormarant ducted-fan UAV – which is aimed at urban rescue designing a new generation stealth fi ghter for the Turkish of rotorcraft. and MEDVAC missions. Finally, ‘ride sharing’ service, Uber has outlined what Air Force. it forsees as a workable urban aerial passenger service business model. The 34 Better connections Inmarsat and Honeywell dreams of ‘fl ying cars’ or personal aerial VTOL machines have been around 22 Centenary countdown The RAF prepares for have developed new satellite for almost as long as the car and the aeroplane. Today, a convergence of its 100th anniversary in broadband systems which technologies, including electric motors, more effi cient batteries, autonomous 2018 with a forthcoming can offer faster and more reliable in-fl ight Wi-Fi. systems, big data and lightweight composite materials, is rapidly redefi ning conference on air power. the art of the possible. Could conventional helicopters go the same way as the fl ying boat after WW2? Will future generations of aviation archaeologists

look on the traditional helicopter as today’s paleontologists look on fossils of Aeromexico pterosaurs?

Tim Robinson 24 Bergstrom Aircraft 38 The force awakens [email protected] Is it time to review regulatory An Aeromexico wave to NEWS IN BRIEF requirements for pilot control the new 787-9 Dreamliner loads based on a pilot’s Aeromexico prepares its new Editor-in-Chief AEROSPACE is published by the Royal AEROSPACE subscription rates: physical strength? Dreamliners for service entry. Tim Robinson Aeronautical Society (RAeS). Non-members, £160 +44 (0)20 7670 4353 Chief Executive Please send your order to: [email protected] Simon C Luxmoore Dovetail Services Ltd, 800 Guillat Deputy Editor Advertising Avenue, Kent Science Park, 39 Afterburner Bill Read Simon Levy Sittingbourne, Kent ME9 8GU, UK. +44 (0)20 7670 4351 +44 (0)20 7670 4346 +44 (0)1795 592939 [email protected] [email protected] +44 (0)844 856 0650 (fax) 42 Message from our President [email protected] Publications Manager Unless specifi cally attributed, no 43 Message from our Chief Executive Chris Male material in AEROSPACE shall be taken Any member not requiring a print +44 (0)20 7670 4352 to represent the opinion of the RAeS. version of this magazine, please 44 Book Reviews [email protected] contact: [email protected] Reproduction of material used in this 47 Library additions Online Production Editor publication is not permitted without the USA: Periodical postage paid at Wayne J Davis written consent of the Editor-in-Chief. Champlain New York and additional 48 Minutes of the 151st AGM Additional features and content +44 (0)20 7670 4354 offi ces. [email protected] Printed by Buxton Press Limited, 50 Yeovil Branch Cool are available to view online on Palace Road, Buxton, Derbyshire Postmaster: Send address changes www.media.aerosociety.com/ Book Review Editor SK17 6AE, UK to IMS of New York, PO Box 1518, Aeronautics Champlain NY 12919-1518, USA. aerospace-insight Brian Riddle 52 NAL survey Including: RAF Air Power conference, Offsetting Editorial Offi ce Distributed by Royal Mail 53 NAL Sound Archive carbon, Regional repercussions, Bright sparks – Royal Aeronautical Society ISSN 2052-451X the quest for electric speed, In the March issue No.4 Hamilton Place 54 Corporate Partners of AEROSPACE, Space in 2017 – London W1J 7BQ, UK +44 (0)20 7670 4300 56 Diary a look ahead, Dubai’s aerial taxis, [email protected] Blast off from Britain. www.aerosociety.com Front cover: eHang passenger-carrying drone. eHang 59 YPN in the spotlight 60 RAeS elections

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INTELLIGENCE / ANALYSIS / COMMENT

Morphing blades The rotor blades on the FCX-001 would incorporate variable geometry or ‘morphing’ outer sections to optimise for different fl ight modes. For example, the tips would adjust to be straight for maximum lift in the hover, then sweep back to an angle for high-speed cruise fl ight.

Augmented reality cockpit As well as increased visibility thanks to new transparencies, the FCX-001 features a single-pilot fl ight deck incorporating augmented reality (AR) for ‘heads-out’ situational awareness, as well as artifi cial intelligence (AI) assistance. In a radical move, Bell envisages that there would be no physical cyclic or collective controls – instead an AR headset would recognise the pilot’s gestures and movement to create ‘virtual’ controls or displays to customise them as necessary. AR would also be available in the modular eight-seat passenger cabin.

AEROSPACE Bell reinvents rotorcraft Unveiled at Heli-Expo in Dallas, Texas, last month was Bell Helicopter's futuristic FCX-001 concept helicopter. The full-scale mock-up at the exhibition was not a helicopter destined for production, nor even a prototype but is a ‘concept’ rotorcraft similar to how motor manufacturers present their visions of the future with concept cars. The fl y-by-wire, optionally piloted FCX-001 is the result of an internal innovations team established by Bell in September 2016 to study emerging technologies to develop 'safer, smarter rotorcraft'.

4 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 Hybrid propulsion No engine is specifi ed but the medium helicopter would use twin powerplants in a hybrid propulsion package to power the electric anti-torque tail system, doing away with the gearbox and tail rotor shaft, thus saving weight.

Look ma, no tail rotor The FCX-001 would dispense with a Advanced landing gear traditional tailrotor in favour of an The FCX-001 features a retractable electrically actuated fan-driven anti- tricycle undercarriage which takes torque system. Vectoring high power fans advantage of ‘non traditional’ geometries would lead to a reduction in noise. for the wheels and support structures to create high-energy absorbing landing gear. Bell Helicopter

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AEROSPACE AIR TRANSPORT A tale of two aviation cities Qatar Airways plots On 7 March two new launch of Indian airline rolled-out on the same day in North and Qatar Airways CEO Akbar carriers, foreign investors South America. In Seattle, Al Baker has revealed can now own 100%, Boeing rolled out the fi rst plans for the Gulf airline opening up the airline to 737 MAX 9. The second to enter the Indian market be fully owned by Qatar’s member of the re-engined with a 100%-owned sovereign wealth fund.

737 MAX family, the MAX Boeing Indian domestic airline, a Press reports say the 9 can carry up to 220 system checks, fuelling and Meanwhile, Brazil's venture made possible by planned airline would passengers and has a engine runs prior to its fi rst Embraer rolled out its more liberalised foreign operate around 100 range of 3,515nm. The fl ight. The MAX 9 is due to E195-E2 regional jet. ownership rules for Indian narrowbody airliners in a aircraft will now undergo enter service in 2018. The largest version of the airlines. Though foreign full-service, rather than a E2 family, the E195-E2 airlines are limited to low-cost confi guration on can carry up to 146 a 49% stake in Indian domestic routes. passengers in a single class and has a range of up to 2,450nm. The aircraft SPACEFLIGHT is expected to enter service in the fi rst half of 2019. SpaceX to fl y two Brazil's Azul Brazilian Airlines will be the launch humans to Moon in 2018

Embraer customer for the E195-E2. Elon Musk’s SpaceX has a human-rated Dragon V2 revealed it will fl y two capsule. Further details, DEFENCE private passengers on a such as the identities of the

space tourism fl ight SpaceX space tourists and US deploys THAAD to South Korea around the Moon the full cost of the The US has began fi re four missiles 1,000km and back in trip, are yet to deploying the fi rst elements eastwards into the Sea of 2018. be announced. of its Terminal High Altitude Japan. The deployment of The fl ight, Musk revealed Area Defense (THAAD) THAAD has drawn criticism, which would that the anti-ballistic missile not only from North Korea be the fi rst passengers system to South Korea in but also from Russia and time humans would be the response to North Korea's China, which sees the ABM have ventured beyond only crew onboard provocative missile tests, system undermining its own low-Earth orbit since 1972, the capsule, the Dragon the latest of which, on 7 missile capabilities in the would use a Falcon Heavy capsule being highly March, saw Pyongyang region. rocket which would launch automated. DoD NEWS IN BRIEF

became ‘commercially Hermes in 1959, the ship an identical 2A satellite awarded certifi cation to the The International Civil unsustainable’. The airline, served as the fl agship launched in June 2015 new Boeing 737 MAX 8. Aviation Organization which was operated by during the 1982 Falklands to map land surfaces, (ICAO) has adopted a new Czech carrier Van Air using Campaign. monitor crops and forests US regional carrier Mesa

aircraft CO2 emissions Let L-410s, was unable to and to detect pollution in Airlines is to acquire 12 standard to reduce aviation source suffi cient aircraft Arianespace has lakes, streams and coastal Embraer 175s as part greenhouse gas emissions. to continue fl ying (See successfully launched the waters. of moves to expand its The new Standard will apply Regional repercussions, European Space Agency partnership with United to new aircraft type designs p 26). Sentinel 2B environmental Pilatus Aircraft has fl own Airlines. Delivery of the from 2020 and to aircraft satellite from the Guiana its third PC-24 business aircraft is due to begin in type designs already in The Indian Navy has Space Center. The satellite jet prototype. In a fl ight on May. production from 2023. decommissioned its was carried into orbit on 6 6 March from its facility in aircraft carrier INS Viraat March aboard a solid- Stans, Switzerland, P03 was BAE Systems has Isle of Man regional on 6 March after 30 fuelled Vega launcher. Built airborne for 2hr. announced the completion carrier CityWing has years of service. Originally by Airbus Defense and of successful MBDA ceased fl ying from 11 commissioned as British Space, Sentinel 2B will be The US Federal Aviation Brimstone integration March after the company Centaur class carrier HMS used in conjunction with Administration (FAA) has fl ight trials with the

6 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 DEFENCE GENERAL AVIATION Final Shoreham crash Germany to procure Triton UAV verdict: pilot error

The UK Air Accidents it within the height Investigation Branch has available. The AAIB report published its fi nal report on also included 11 new the crash at the Shoreham recommendations to the Airshow in August 2015 UK Civil Aviation Authority in which a vintage Hawker (CAA) and one to the The German Bundeswehr is to order three Triton HALE Hunter jet crashed Department for Transport, UAVs for the signals intetillgence (SIGINT) role. The UAVs, bought directly onto a busy road killing saying that display from the US Navy, would see the fi rst example delivered in 2025, with the rest 11 people. The report authority procedures for the following year. In German service the Triton will be equipped with the ISIS concluded that the pilot private pilots fl ying multiple sensor payload, which was originally developed for the Euro Hawk, which was attempted a manoeuvre types should be reviewed axed in 2013 due to an inability to get approval to fl y in German airspace. with insuffi cient speed and and assessment standards

Northrop Grumman engine thrust to complete should be tightened. AIR TRANSPORT AEROSPACE BA to put the squeeze on ETPS gains EASA civil accreditation legroom Following on from its IAG, including Aer Lingus, decision to charge for food Iberia and Vueling, has in economy on short haul drawn criticism from some fl ights, is to quarters, as it reduces Britis seat pitch legroom increase seating on h A irw a its Airbus A320 ys to 29inches, or and A321 fl eet 1inch less than on European budget carrier Ryanair. fl ights by QinetiQ has announced that the UK’s Empire Test Pilots’ School has been awarded The move an extra Approved Training Organisation status from EASA to train civil test pilots. The ETPS two rows follows a BA becomes one of three test pilot schools in the world to hold ATO accreditation and or around ‘densifi cation’ be able to train test pilots to obtain civil fl ight test ratings. 12 seats, next plan, announced year. The move, in November to  As part of ETPS training fl eet recapitalisation, QinetiQ has ordered four Airbus which brings BA's A320 increase seating on Helicopters H125 helicopters to replace its aging Gazelles. The H125s are to enter fl eet in line with other Gatwick-based 777s from service in 2019 and will be equipped with Garmin 500 avionics, TCAS and a custom airlines in parent group 280 seats to 332. fl ight test instrumentation suite. QinetiQ

Eurofi ghter Typhoon ahead Jet Ranger X. The aircraft eight Airbus A320ceos. a Falcon 9 rocket prior certifi cation for the CFM of live fi ring tests later this was delivered to Arizona- The airline plans to start to its launch from Florida International LEAP-1A year. based private operator operations from Cheongj on 14 March carrying the powered variant of its Scott Urschel of Pylon in 2018. EchoStar 23 commercial A321neo. Space access start- Aviation who plans to use television broadcast up Zero 2 Infi nity it for charter, tourism and Boeing has unveiled the satellite. Air New Zealand, together successfully launched its utility fl ights. AW139-based military with Australian carriers fi rst Bloostar test rocket MH-139 as its proposal US GA aircraft Qantas, Regional Express from a high-altitude Mitsubishi Aircraft's to replace the aging manufacturer One Aviation and Virgin Australia, has (25km) balloon on 1 MRJ will make its fi rst UH-1Ns operated by the is to cease production of set up an industry group March off the Spanish international air show USAF. It is competing with the Eclipse 550 VLJ, ahead to lobby on industry Coast. The rocket was debut this summer at the Sikorsky, which is offering of a larger business jet issues. Named Airlines for recovered by parachute Paris Air Show. a modifi ed Black Hawk in model, codenamed Eclipse Australia and New Zealand after a water landing. the form of the HH-60U. Canada. (A4ANZ), the group will New South Korean low- . present a single voice on Bell Helicopter has cost carrier KAIR Airlines SpaceX has conducted a Airbus has received joint issues such as airport costs, delivered its fi rst Bell 505 has placed an order for tethered hot fi re test of EASA and FAA type taxation and fees.

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SPACEFLIGHT AEROSPACE Blue Origin wins fi rst Boeing to open fi rst launch deals for New Glenn factory in UK reusable rocket Boeing is to open its fi rst around 30 people, will be manufacturing facility twinned with a Boeing B in Europe with oeing factory in Portland, Blue Origin has a new £20m Oregon, which announced details of production also produces its new reusable New Glenn plant in actuators. The orbital-class booster. The seven- Sheffi eld new 25,000ft2 engine two-stage rocket will be 270ft (82m) to produce facility is tall and can carry a payload of nearly 29,000lb trailing-edge planned to be (13tonnes). The fi rst stage is designed to descend back to wing actuators built alongside the Earth and land on a fl oating platform. Blue Origin has won a contract for the 737, 737 University of Sheffi eld’s MAX and 777. The new Advanced Manufacturing from Eutelsat to use the launcher to put a commercial communications advanced manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC) satellite into orbit while OneWeb has ordered at least fi ve New Glenn launches facility, called Boeing to leverage R&D into new for its multiple broadband Internet satellites in the early 2020s.

Blue Orgin Sheffi eld, which will employ manufacturing techniques. GENERAL AVIATION DEFENCE

Second Gulfstream G600 The US Air Force is to conduct a light demonstration later this prototype joins test fl eet summer at Holloman AFB, New Mexico. The service is inviting industry to submit off-the-shelf COIN aircraft for the experiment, which could potentially Gulfstream has Savannah, Georgia, lead to a follow-on phase and an acquisition programme Gu lfstre announced that am headquarters. (OA-X) for a low-cost attack aircraft for permissive the second With two environments. G600 test aircraft now aircraft joined in the fl ight its fl ight test test fl eet, campaign on Gulfstream 24 February. expects The second entry into G600 prototype service of its latest fl ew a 4hr 25min fi rst large-cabin, long-range fl ight from Gulfstream’s business jet in 2018. USAF to hold light attack trial Embraer NEWS IN BRIEF

preferred powerplant for generation civil tiltrotor, as 20-to-1kill ratio against critical condition after a Press reports have its next-generation Vulcan part of Europe's Clean Sky aggressors in mock battles. Dublin-based Sikorsky suggested that Chinese rocket scheduled to launch 2 R&D project in 2023. . S-92 Coast Guard SAR state media has confi rmed in 2019. The engine will NASA is mulling helicopter went missing off that the country’s fi rst replace the Russian-built Boeing has revealed a accelerating its manned the west coast of Ireland stealth fi ghter, the RD-180 engine on ULA’s previously unidentifi ed Orion/SLS spacecraft on 14 March. Chengdu J-20, has now Atlas 5 rockets. order for 30 737 MAX 8 programme and turning entered operational airliners, worth $3.3bn at the fi rst uncrewed mission XTI Aircraft Company and service. Between nine and Switzerland's Alpinlift list prices, is from lessor – a 22-day trip around the Bye Aerospace are to 12 production standard Helikopter has placed an CDB Aviation Lease Moon and back in 2018 partner to jointly develop J-20s are believed to have order for the Marenco Finance. – into an eight-day human a full-size hybrid/electric been built so far. Swisshelicopter SKYe crewed translunar fl ight. prototype of XTI's TriFan SH09 light single-engine February saw the USAF's VTOL aircraft. Two electric United Launch Alliance helicopter. Lockheed Martin F-35A As AEROSPACE goes to motors and a smaller is reported to be close to make its debut at Red press, one crew member turboshaft engine will give deciding to select the Blue Leonardo has revealed that Flag training exericises from a four-person crew reduced weight compared Origin BE-4 engine as its it expects to fl y a second- in Nevada – achieving a has been rescued in a to the previous design.

8 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 AIR TRANSPORT DEFENCE ANA dreams a blue turtle UK greenlights rotary UAV R&D project

The UK MoD's Defence The RWUAS CCD Phase 2 Equipment and contract aims to ‘identify, Support (DE&S) develop and exploit L e Technology o opportunities n a r d

Offi ce has o offered by placed a emerging two-year technologies, R&D contract to reduce costs with Leonardo and increase the Japan's All Nippon Airlines (ANA) has revealed a special livery to be painted on its fi rst MW for a Rotary agility, fl exibility, Airbus A380, set for delivery in 2019. The livery, featuring a Hawaiian green sea turtle, Wing Unmanned resilience and persistence will be used on an A380 fl ying the Tokyo to Honolulu service, ANA's most popular Air System, Capability of military equipment in the leisure route. Concept Demonstrator. rotary wing arena.’ All Nippon Airways AEROSPACE GENERAL AVIATION NASA begins QSST INFOGRAPHIC: UK civilian SAR wind-tunnel testing helicopter taskings

NASA’s Glenn Research speeds from Mach 0.3 Center in Cleveland, to Mach 1.6 and will Ohio, is to analyse the conduct airfl ow into the

N

A eight-weeks S engine during

A of wind- all phases of tunnel tests fl ight. NASA on Lockheed is hoping for Martin’s additional funding Quiet Supersonic to award a further Technology (QueSST) contract to build and test a preliminary design model. low-boom demonstration The tests will simulate aircraft by 2020.

ON THE to become the next MOVE President and CE of its Executive Jets division. RAeS President Professor Chris Atkin has Charles Champion, VP been elected Chairman Engineering at Airbus, of the Engineering is to retire at the end Council, taking over in of 2017. His place will June. be taken by Jean- Brice Dumont, Head Dan Hart has been of Engineering, Airbus appointed as the fi rst Helicopters. President of the newly created Virgin Orbit small Saab has announced satellite launch company. that Lennart Sindahl is to become Acting Head of Embraer has appointed Aeronautics. Michael Amalfi tano Department for Transport Department for Transport

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 9 Global Outlook and antenna: Analysis with HOWARD WHEELDON More defence cuts on the cards?

he recent National Audit Offi ce (NAO) The £11bn of savings required to be found report stating that ‘risks to affordability’ of over fi ve years in SDSR 2015 had been based on the UK MoD Equipment Plan are greater expectations of further large cuts in numbers of Tthan at any point since reporting began civil servants employed by the MoD together with in 2012 has, not surprisingly, created fuel additional outsourcing, military base cuts and real for sceptics who might well fear the appearance of estate sales. To that end, the MoD has already another huge ‘black hole’ in the MoD defence budget. announced plans to dispose of various parts of the In publishing the Equipment Plan audit report, defence estate but, having already cut the number NAO Head, Amyas Morse, said that: “it is worrying of civil servants working in the MoD by close to half to see the cost of new commitments arising from over the past ten years, combined with the reality the review considerably exceed the net increase in that, if spending on procurement and manning of the funding for the plan”. Morse went on to suggest that armed forces is being increased, further cutting of “the MoD will need to fi nd an additional £5.8bn of civil servant expertise could be counter-productive. savings from the planned £178bn of armed forces The bottom line is that 18 months after SDSR 2015, spending during the period 2016 to 2026” (a fi gure those charged with running defence have so far that represented a £12bn increase on the previous determined around half of the £11bn requirement spending plan) and added that: “there is little room for cuts. for unplanned cost growth and that the MoD must actively guard against risk of a return to previous Mind the spending gap practice where affordability could only be maintained by delaying or reducing the scope of projects”. While the current seemingly worsening defence The additional £5.8bn of savings that the NAO budget overspend situation is nowhere near as bad says will now be needed comes on top of the £11bn as the reported £38bn ‘black hole’ that the Coalition that the Government had stated in SDSR 2015 that Government inherited in defence, there can be no would be required over the fi ve years that the review doubt that the reduced value of sterling has and will covers (2016 – 2020) to fund planned new defence likely continue to adversely impact on the defence equipment. Although diffi cult to be precise in respect budget. I note that the Minister of State for Defence of predicting where the value of sterling is likely to Procurement, Harriet Baldwin, told the House of stand against the US dollar in one let alone two years Commons Defence Select Committee in February from now, the NAO has made plain its view that the that the MoD was covered in terms of currency Equipment Plan “is vulnerable to the impact that Brexit hedging for the next three years, although I note that has already had (on sterling) and may have in the at an earlier hearing late last year the Committee future”. The latter point is important and, although the was told by the Permanent Secretary that this was MoD says that it has the next two years of currency two years. risk covered on planned foreign equipment purchases,

we also know that much of the planned procurement MoD of defence equipment from the US stretches out well beyond that.

A new plan?

Will the requirement for additional savings mean that the Service Chiefs, each now responsible for their own respective budgets, together with industry, should prepare for another round of defence cuts? Should we interpret that Government plans, as outlined in the fi ve- year SDSR 2015 review, have already been blown out of the water in less than 18 months since the review was published? The answer is most probably yes.

10 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 Boeing Defense Greg L. Davis

Currency hedging is both important and very resolve propulsion systems problems on the RN’s Above left: Currency hedging necessary, particularly as most aerospace and Type 45 destroyer fl eet, funding for this is yet to be is important for US defence equipment paid for in dollars. defence equipment is priced in dollars. Good practice found. Below left: An Astute class should be that a Government organisation such Pushing back procurement purchases is the most submarine, HMS Ambush is as the MoD would hedge forward over seven or common way the MoD goes about attempting to pictured during sea trials near eight years of a programme if it can. Over those balance the defence budget books but, having taken . years, should sterling rise, then this will lead to the so many capability gaps in SDSR 2010 and with the establishment of unrealised profi ts but if sterling falls level of threats against us much increased since then, then the opposite applies. Generally, the hope is that, options to further push back equipment procurement over a period of several years, they will balance out. are somewhat limited. Noticeably though, the MoD However, with sterling having fallen so sharply since has been slow in confi rming actual F-35 purchases the Brexit vote was taken last June, it seems unlikely and, with only 14 ordered so far at the time of writing, that with ongoing levels of uncertainly, the situation and most of these having been already or will have on the pound's low value is likely to reverse for some been delivered by 2018, concerns are growing in considerable time. If there is a positive in all this it is defence circles that air power-related carrier-strike confi ned to making sovereign capability (where that capability could be further delayed. exists) more competitive and exports cheaper. Note too that, while contracts for the purchase Cutting the defence budget to balance the books of nine Boeing P-8 Poseidon aircraft have been will hopefully be ruled out by the Government but signed along with the required infrastructure build no doubt the slowing down of planned procurement at RAF , there has been little word will be an option considered. However, with the about progress on the plan to acquire 50 AH-64E contingency funding made available in SDSR 2015 Apache helicopters for the Army, although I have theoretically used up; the MoD is likely to place even been reassured that all parties are working toward IT IS WORRYING greater pressure on the four armed service groups – achieving this soon. Army, Royal Navy, and Joint Forces Unlike the defence ‘black-hole’ situation ‘found’ TO SEE THE Command to achieve effi cient further cuts. by the Coalition Government in 2012, the current COST OF NEW situation is as different as it is both unfortunate and COMMITMENTS Avoiding the pull of another black probably more diffi cult to have foreseen. Further ARISING FROM hole cuts are inevitable, as is the use of push-back of programme starts. If common sense prevailed, of THE REVIEW Achieving cuts will not be easy. For instance, the course and, if there was better realisation that with CONSIDERABLY RN, which had been afforded a small increase in 2% of GDP being the ‘minimum’ option that is EXCEED THE personnel numbers over the fi ve year SDSR 2015 required for each European NATO member to work period, is continuing to struggle in respect of manning toward spending on defence, the UK Government NET INCREASE and particularly in respect of engineering and would do just as well to decide that raising the IN FUNDING FOR support. Ahead of their replacement by Astute Class defence budget would be the better option in sorting THE PLAN submarines, Trafalgar Class nuclear submarines are this supposed new ‘black hole’ out and to stop it suffering increased age-related problems. On top of growing out of control. It would also make good Amyas Morse this, although the MoD has determined how it will sense for UK defence as a whole. NAO Head

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LETTERS AND ONLINE Protectionism – a long history? This led to the concept of workshops which Howard Wheeldon has involved many colleagues, hit the proverbial nail on and which introduced the head(1). Protectionism science into the licence Wikipedia has not just commenced decision-making process. with Donald Trump’s As enthusiasm grew recent dictates, it has internationally for these been around a long time, developments, the with the US and other opportunity arose to visit countries as well. An ICAO regional centres example of nearly 40 years and lecture on its behalf. ago was the Anglo-French The invitation also arose programme between the to write the second and then Aerospatiale and third editions of the Westland Helicopters which cardiovascular chapters resulted in the UK build in the ICAO Handbook of signifi cant numbers of Aviation Medicine as of SA341 Gazelle and A French Aéronavale Westland Lynx Mk2 (FN) landing on the French Navy well as numerous other SA330 Puma helicopters anti-submarine frigate Latouche-Tréville. papers and chapters in for the UK services under textbooks. The author co- French design leadership. drafted ICAO Standards However, when it came and Recommended to building the Westland AW EH101 was cancelled runner up? If you think Upon a Trailing Edge: Practices and was involved design-led Lynx helicopter – after nine airframes had that it ends there, how Risk, the Heart and the in the same process the French Government already been built – by about the recently placed Air Pilot for the European Joint only ordered a small Obama’s administration, order for 50 AH64E Aviation Authorities. It number of the naval variant, despite Lockheed Apache helicopters direct The above, reviewed in is an ICAO requirement cancelled French Army Martin’s involvement to Boeing? That, after the March 2017 issue of that specialists in aviation requirements and thus the and the promises made 67 Westland-assembled AEROSPACE(2) refl ects a medicine are required development of the tandem by the previous Bush WAH64D Apaches personal journey in aviation to maintain and improve seat attack version. This administration. No doubt developed with British-built covering the prosaic their knowledge of the action curtailed a potentially this was aided by a equipment and RTM322 subject of regulation. Over conditions undertaken in signifi cant market and response from US industry engines, a commonality three billion passengers their duties. This eventually sales for both companies. complaints of a ‘not feature with the AW101 are carried by air each led to nearly 1,000 hours Despite this, Westland did -invented-here’ syndrome. Merlin. You may wonder year for the loss of a few fl ying in command with manage to build signifi cant So much for the so called why such a talented team hundred fatalities. This twin and instrument numbers of Utility Lynx ‘Special Relationship’ of design and development outstanding achievement ratings. There was even and Naval variants for after supporting the US in engineers and many others refl ects huge credit on an opportunity to hand-fl y our own UK services and the Iraq wars. It does not at Westland responsible the industry in all its the – related achieved the conventional end there as search and for the world beating aspects from design and in one chapter. Some Helicopter World Speed rescue became the next BERP composite blades, build, to maintenance and of these experiences record at 249mph now 35 victim – privatisation. The ACSR and the superb and operation. The author grew are recorded along with years ago, a record which, UK Government presided award-winning semi-rigid up in the post-war years visits to exotic places in by the way, still stands. over a disastrous tendering rotor head used on the when cadets were fl own the service of aviation This led on to a signifi cant process that was tarnished Lynx and Wildcat, among in Meteors and Canberras safety. The text is an go-it-alone Westland export and re-run leading to a US other innovations, have not while staying in an offi cers eclectic weave of history, market penetration of consortium which resulted received better recognition mess in Germany. A personal experience the small ships helicopter in the now Texas-based and support from our fl ying scholarship on a and aviation safety from market and the AW159 Bristow company being own Government? The Tiger Moth led to a pilot’s the (medical aviation) Wildcat, today’s ultimate awarded the contract for answer is not only US licence. After becoming a accident point of view. It development from the Lynx. SAR using the Sikorsky protectionism but a failure doctor, later a cardiologist, is also polemical where This type of protectionism S92 helicopter. That ,after by our own Government to the Trident disaster in it was believed (correctly partly contributed to the the Westland company had back a British industry in 1972 (the worst in UK as it turned out) that the ‘Westland Affair’ – with provided some 65 years the manner that the French aviation history at the time) path being pursued at the its political innuendo and of unstinting helicopters, Government has wholly led to his appointment as time by the regulator was manoeuvring between support and value for supported and favoured cardiologist to the Civil misconceived. The text ministerial departments money to the taxpayer. their own Industry. Maybe Aviation Authority (CAA), a is aimed at anyone with – which greatly damaged Oh yes, AgustaWestland this is why Brexit has post he held for 38 years. an interest in aviation, its and weakened Westland is assembling a small occurred? At that time there was development and its safety. at the time. In more number of AW189 SAR no methodology for recent times the VH 71 equipped helicopters – the David Weinel medical certifi cation and Michael Joy presidential variant of the consolation prize for the IEng AMRAeS no adequate standard. OBE FRAeS

12 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 (3) @OliWalkerJones UK Government to boost UK spaceport with £10m [On Dubai’s aerial taxis(4)] Would you trust Depends if my inertial drive an autonomous aerial works or not. £10m might taxi? I think even I might be enough for me to get to struggle a bit with that! Mars and the Moon. #TheJetsonsAreComing

Jon Jennings Foster and Partners @CBrenchley [On £10m wow! It will just ‘wishful thinking’ for @Aeroengieeer Really about build a snack bar. Our UK airlines hoping for a good article! I’d be worried government’s commitment soft Brexit] This is utter about thermal runaway of to aerospace is pathetic. Could the UK have its own equivalent of Spaceport the battery! America? scaremongering tosh. We Mind you, they have the are already part of EASA excuse of no funds, due to and the ECA which do not the Brexit disaster that they is an achievable goal satellites into low polar require EU membership. are set on pursuing. – operating something orbits within ten years, and, along the lines of the as the article suggests, Andrew Yule AnØya or Esrange space perhaps this kind of rapid 50 years of service down under centres in Norway and launch capability for short £10m doesn’t sound Sweden. It all depends life small satellites would like much but it could on political will and what be very complementary go someway to starting direction is interesting. to the current direction Kerin Joyce Kerin something but it’s more of If sub-orbital rockets in the space industry. By a case of defi ning what. As are feasible, it wouldn’t 2025 someone will be the article points out, it’s necessarily be that hard doing these cheap rapid already perfectly feasible to expand to higher launches for CubeSats to launch a Terrior-Orion altitudes. 1,000km is and alike and, if the UK rocket from Scotland, and easily feasible with current government can get @keirinjoyce Today these easily punch 100km. ‘cheap’ motors. With some behind it with funding and @ProfAtkin Echoing the RAeS Australian If the UK decided it was major regulatory effort sort out the regulatory thanks for both long and Division said thanks to fi ve interested in competing and probably international framework, it’s possible it transformative service! departing councillors: 50+ in the sounding rocket collaboration (read ESA) could be us. years service to RAeS! world, then small launchers it would be feasible for based on military surplus the UK to launch small Alex Kinnaird

Welcome to Hotel AvGeek Dubai aerial taxis(4) @TWPILOT1 How is this for an #avgeek hotel? I’m sure that certifi cation of the EHang passenger- @Damage_13 Runs down carrying UAVs will not be corridor arms in delta V, a shoe-in. I remember the Vulcan coming in for landing. fi rst plane I fl ew in was a Super Constellation and i @ems_parry [Ibis Style @AarronBBrown about that time someone Marseille HAS to be @katiaavstrom Somebody get that walked into the prop. We the most #avgeek hotel Have you seen #ibis carpet for Harrison Ford, have come a long way possible. Instrument Campo de Marte in Sao he needs some practice since those days but I @Clare Muir [On Space panel bed tray + Paulo? Same style and distinguishing runway from agree with the comment in 2017(5)] Exciting times carpet!!!] That is incredible! decoration! taxiway. that the props seem for all of us within this alarmingly close to the dynamic sector. Delighted 1. AEROSPACE, March 2017, p 10, The return of protectionism doors. Although a simple for our team to be 2. AEROSPACE, March 2017, p 44, Book Reviews interlock system should involved. 3. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/blast-off-from-britain/ minimise that risk. Also I 4. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/dubais-aerial-taxis/ 5. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/space-in-2017-a-look-ahead/ suppose if they run out of power after 30 minutes, @Patrick LR Space shall they have a lot of sand to not be taken as a piece land on! of cake to be eaten!!! Online We are part of it and Additional features and content are available to view Julian Lea-Jones interdependent of it. online at http://media.aerosociety.com/aerospace-insight

@aerosociety i Findlinkedin.com/raes us on LinkedIn f facebook.com/raesFind us on Facebook. www.aerosociety.comwww.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 13 Dubai’s flying taxis BILL READ FRAeS reports on Dubai’s plans to begin operating the world’s first aerial taxi service using autonomous passenger- carrying drones.

14 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 A promotional video featuring ubai has announced plans to begin After storing their luggage in a small ‘boot’ at the a future commuter using an operating an aerial taxi service from back of the drone, customers would get into the cabin AAV from Dubai Roads and Transportation Agency. July using passenger-carrying and use a map touch screen on a tablet console to Matta drones. The announcement r a select their destination from a predetermined D l- was made by Matt al- Ta menu of take-off and landing sites. y e Tayer, head of the city’s Roads and r Once their seat belt had been , C Transportation Agency at the World h fastened, the air-conditioned drone

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A eHang 184 eight-rotor autonomous ) the passenger but would be monitored aerial vehicles (AAVs). Fitted with and controlled from a ground-based fl ight a passenger cabin, these large scale command centre. electrically-powered drones can carry one According to al-Tayler, the introduction of the passenger and luggage with a combined weight of AAVs is part of a directive from Sheikh Mohammed up to 100kg and have a 30 minute fl ight time. bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice-President and Prime A promotional video from the Dubai Roads and Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, to transform Transportation Agency shows a customer using Dubai into the ‘smartest’ city in the world. The RTA their mobile device to summon the drone is also working on plans to provide self- from a parking area from where it driving road transport with the aim of would fl y to where they using self-driving vehicles for 25% wanted to be of total individual trips by 2030. collected. As part of this policy, the

RTA

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 15 GENERAL AVIATION Autonomous aerial taxis eHang refers to the horizontal fl ight time. The manufacturer claims that the 184 can cruise at 60km/hr at a maximum height of 3,500m – although al-Tayer’s presentation said that speeds for the Dubai AAVs would be limited to 100km/hr down from a maximum speed of 160km/hr at a height of 3,000ft (914m). The AAV can still fl y safely with one power system out of action and will automatically land in the event of component malfunction. The command centre could also prevent the AAV from fl ying if it considered that weather conditions were too dangerous.

Flight tests

RTA is to buy 200 Tesla electric vehicles fi tted with Above: A still from an eHang Matt al-Tayer said that the Agency had ‘experimented autonomous driving technology to be added to the video showing the 184 being with this vehicle fl ying in Dubai’s skies’ in conjunction limousine fl eet of the Dubai Taxi Corporation (DTC). fl ight tested. with the Dubai Civil Aviation Authority (DCAA), Below: The Chinese-made although when and where these tests were carried eHang 184 featuring gull- Introducing the eHang 184 wing doors. out is not clear. The 184 has been test fl own in China and, in May 2016, an agreement was signed The drone manufacturer, eHang, is based in between eHang, the Nevada Governor’s Offi ce of Guangzhou in China with two overseas branches Economic Development and the Nevada Institute in Dusseldorf and California. In addition to the large for Autonomous Systems (NIAS) which gave the scale 184 AAV, eHang specialises in small leisure and go-ahead for NIAS and eHang to collaborate in fl ight commercial quadcopter drones. According to eHang‘s testing, training and development of the passenger- website (www.ehang.com/ehang184), the main frame carrying drone at its FAA-designated Nevada UAS of the 184 AAV is constructed of carbon fi bre epoxy test site. However, it is not certain how far these composite with other components made of aluminium fl ights tests have gone and how close the 184 is to alloy. Measuring 3.989m × 4.024m × 1.447m airworthiness certifi cation. (including propellers), the aircraft weighs 240kg and is powered by eight rotors with a maximum output of A question of airspace 152kW. The cabin has a width of 1.018m and a height of 2.074m and is fi tted with a moulded seat. Luggage The announcement of the introduction of large scale capacity is limited to a ‘18in backpack’. passenger-carrying drones in the skies over Dubai has The AAV fl ies in an ‘inverted U shape’, fl ying up come at the same time that the emirate is busy trying vertically to a set height, then fl ying horizontally and to restrict the risks posed by UAVs. As far as smaller then descending vertically over the landing area. It has UAVs are concerned, the DCAA regulations say that a maximum payload of 100kg – which is the same drones can only be operated in line of sight and it as the version announced for Dubai – but only has a is illegal to fl y them over congested areas or within 25min cruising duration which is less than the 30min 50m of people, vehicles and structures. In addition to advertised for the Dubai service but perhaps this introducing regulations in April 2015 requiring drone

1 6 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 RTA registration, the emirate also has no-fl y zones for ehang drones over both its commercial airports, Al Minhad Air Base and the Palm Jumeirah. Prior permission is also required for nine other areas, including downtown Dubai around the Burj Khalifa (currently the tallest building in the world). Despite these restrictions, there were three incidents in June, September and October last year in which fl ights at Dubai International Airport were suspended due to drone incursions. As a result of these incursions, Dubai Airports is conducting trials of a tracking system to detect drones in the vicinity of its airports and the radio frequency on which they are being operated. Those caught infringing the no drone fl y zone over the airport face up to three years imprisonment and a fi ne of up to 100,000 dirhams ($27,228). This raises a number of questions – the fi rst of which is where could the AAV actually fl y? Assuming that the larger AAV has to comply with the same regulations, its area of operation must be somewhat limited, as much of Dubai is built up with many high- rise buildings. Its most obvious use would be to fl y be safety concerns about the risk of battery failure or people to and from the city’s airports and the business some other mechanical problem happening in the air district – both of which may be out of bounds. to such a large aircraft over a built-up area, as they According to the promotional material, the fl eet of would be unable to autorotate like a helicopter. AAVs would operate on pre-programmed routes to a An additional safety concern is that the AAV pre-determined set of destinations where, presumably, design features eight unshrouded propellers located there would be space for them to land. Where these at ground level and close to the passenger door. It routes and landing sites will be is not yet clear – would therefore be very important that the propellers presumably they would be in open areas away from are not in motion when passengers are entering or people and tall buildings with suffi cient space for exiting the aircraft. Revolving propellers could also be several AAVs to land at once. How convenient would a potential safety issue if the passenger needed to the locations of these pick-up and landing sites be exit the AAV in a hurry in the event of an accident. for a business traveller, compared to a door-to-door The AAV also has the limitation that it can only service offered by a conventional taxi? carry one passenger and a very limited amount of luggage. It would not therefore be a suitable option Are 30mins enough? for a group of business people wishing to travel somewhere together. It is also not yet known what Another question is the range over which the AAVs would be the likely cost of using an AAV compared to could operate. The RTA’s promotional video showed a car or a taxi. the empty AAV taking off to fl y to the customer and then immediately fl ying on to his destination. Ready by July? Assuming that this take-off site is a central ‘parking eHang area’ where the AAVs are stored, serviced and There is also the question of timing. The RTA has said recharged, the AAV would need to fl y to the customer that the service is to commence in July, yet there is pick-up point, then fl y to its destination and then return no indication that the eHang 184 has yet received to the central area. All these three journeys would fl ight safety certifi cation from either the US or China. need to be completed within the maximum fl ight time It is also not known whether the RTA has of 30mins. If the AAV did not have enough battery placed an order from eHang for charge to return to its base, would it then need to be a fl eet of AAVs or what progress recharged at one of the landing sites? The RTA has has been made on setting up the said that battery recharging could take between one ground-based control station. to two hours. However, Dubai is renowned as a city of progress where Safety issues miracles can happen and happen fast, so the future Although the eHang 184 is fi tted with safety systems vision of unmanned which will keep the AAV fl ying and enable it to land aerial taxis may yet safely in the event of mechanical problems, there must come true.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook.com www.aerosociety.com 17 DEFENCE UK – Turkish fi ghter cooperation UK Govt UK

The UK Prime Minister’s visit to Turkey announcing BAE Systems’ collaboration on an indigenous stealth fi ghter for the Turkish Air Force represents a vital win for the UK military aerospace sector. TIM ROBINSON assesses the ramifi cations of this deal.

n 28 January British Prime Minister which will replace the Lockheed Martin F-16 in Theresa May, on an offi cial visit to service. Istanbul, Turkey, to meet with President While the Turkish Air Force (which was heavily ORecep Tayyip Erdogan,˘ announced that involved in the 2016 coup attempt) currently fl ies the UK’s BAE Systems, in partnership F-16s and some F-4s and is set to receive around with Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI), would help 100 F-35s, the concept for TF-X is that it would be design a new ‘fi fth generation’ stealth fi ghter – the more heavily tilted towards the air superiority mission Above: UK Prime Minister TF-X. This agreement for BAE Systems to help design – as a F-22-class combat aircraft for the mid-2020s. Theresa May and President the TF-X for service in the mid-2020s is a potential Currently, there are three confi gurations mooted for Recep Tayyip Erdogan˘ met in lifeline for the UK’s combat aircraft design expertise. TF-X – a single engine design, a twin-engine fi ghter January 2017. and a highly agile version with canards. Below: TF-X concept. What is TF-X? While there is a requirement for a predicted 250 TAI TF-X fi ghters for the Turkish Air Force itself, reports So what is Turkey’s TF-X? Although the confi guration suggest that TF-X will also be aimed at the wider is not yet set in stone, Turkey’s goal is to develop its export market. With F-22 production halted, the F-35 own indigenous (as far as is practical) stealth fi ghter optimised for strike and the other options being mid-

18 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 Mehmet Delice

Three possible confi gurations of proposed TF–X life upgrades of the Eurocanards (Eurofi ghter, Rafale in-house LO experience and Gripen) it is possible that the TF-X could turn into since Replica means that TAI has an export success in the mid-2020s and beyond for access to a highly competent industrial countries looking for a fi fth generation air dominance partner – especially when it comes to airframe, fi ghter. sensor and weapons integration. While BAE Systems will help with design and development, this participation could also open doors The problem – what next for UK to other parts of UK industry for specifi c systems military aerospace? or components that Turkey is unable to produce in-house. The Rolls-Royce EJ200 engines from The announcement comes at a critical time for the Eurofi ghter have already been tipped as the Britain’s military aviation sector – as design and powerplant and were the subject of an MoU in 2015. development work for new UK platforms becomes A true stealth fi ghter may well require a matching scarce. It is notable that, of the fi ve key air platforms engine and this may also be an opportunity for Rolls- (F-35, P-8, AH-64E, Protector and Zephyr) Royce to acquire the necessary expertise. highlighted in the 2015 SDSR, only one (Zephyr) is Other opportunities for UK industry may be in actually designed and built in the UK. ejection seats (Martin-Baker), HUDs or HMDs (BAE While BAE Systems is currently busy adding Striker II) – indeed, BAE Systems already supplies its capability to the Eurofi ghter Typhoon, the end of LiteHUD for TAI’s Hurkus basic trainer. production may be in sight unless new customers are While Turkish defence electronics company found. A mid-life Typhoon update in the 2020s means ASELAN has already reportedly started work on an the best is yet to come but it will still not require the active electronic scanned array (AESA) radar, there full engineering capability or design expertise of a could potentially be other opportunities for UK’s clean-sheet . Selex ES (now Leonardo MW) which produces AESA Meanwhile, on the F-35 which, despite having radars for Eurofi ghter and Gripen, as well as EO IRST entered service with the US Marines in 2015 and the and EW systems. USAF in 2016, fi rst fl ew some 17 years ago in 2000 Finally, while Turkey’s own state missile house as the X-35. The UK, as Tier 1 partner on the project, Roketsan boasts an impressive range of weapons, has contributed heavily to the design, particularly including stand-off missiles, precision bombs for the STOVL ‘B’ variant. Now in full production and anti-tank missiles, MBDA’s air-to-air portfolio and ramping up, UK industry is expected to benefi t ASRAAM and, in particular, the game-changing massively from its investment in the future. However, Meteor, would be an ideal fi t for a fi fth-gen air while future opportunities for support and ongoing superiority combat aircraft. upgrades will continue, again the initial design and engineering work is well in the past. Choosing a stealth partner So too, for the BAE Hawk advanced trainer. First fl ying in 1974, the Hawk has been a spectacular The collaboration may be signifi cant for the UK, with British sales success, with over 1,000 sold. However, BAE winning this design work over rival bids from despite BAE updating it to latest T2 standard for the Airbus Defence and Space and Saab, but it also RAF, it was ditched by partner Northrop Grumman for represents a smart move by Turkey in selecting a the USAF T-X trainer requirement for a fresh design BAE Systems’ stealth fi ghter Replica testbed never fl ew European partner that has a long history in low- from Scaled Composites. Any hope that BAE’s design – but it gave the company observable projects. work would continue has now been dashed when valuable knowledge in LO In the 1990s, for example, BAE Systems NG/BAE took the decision earlier this month to not design. developed a secret stealth fi ghter concept called Replica that reached mock-up stage – partly as a BAE Systems back-up plan to collaboration with the larger US JSF programme. This home-grown stealth fi ghter, then showcasing the UK’s low observable (LO) expertise, was Britain’s entry ticket to JSF at the highest level. Since then, the company has developed further with collaboration on F-35, and LO UAV projects, with the most recent being the Taranis UCAV demonstrator – seen by some knowledgeable observers as one of the most stealthy air vehicles ever. BAE is also working on a follow-on Anglo-French UCAV demonstrator in partnership with Dassault. While strict fi rewalls and US ITAR knowledge sharing restrictions will mean that BAE will not be able to share or transfer all of its stealth knowledge developed with international partners, its hard-won

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 19 DEFENCE UK – Turkish fi ghter cooperation

Mehmet Delice The fear is that the reduction in UK defence programmes is gradually whittling away at the front-end of the UK’s end-to-end design, development, manufacturing and support base – with key capabilities, skills and expertise being lost over time. Indeed, there is much evidence from recent programmes (T-45, Astute and Nimrod MRA4) that suggests this has already happened. Brexit may also deprive BAE Systems of access to the burgeoning EU defence R&D programme which, if French lobbying has any impact, will feature combat aircraft relevant technology acquisition. The deal with Turkey would also help to fi ll this potential gap. The deal to help design the TF-X represents a major coup for BAE Systems in keeping a critical part of the UK’s design capability alive.

Same problem, elsewhere in Europe

However, a shortage of combat aircraft design projects Three confi gurations of the bid a proposal. The Hawk lives on, in the Advanced is not just a problem facing the UK industry either but TF–X are being considered, Hawk (previously ‘Combat Hawk’), developed in across the whole of Europe’s defence sector. including both single and twin engined versions, in addition co-operation with HAL. (see AEROSPACE, pp 4-5, The most signifi cant recent clean-sheet pan- to a highly agile variant with March 2017) European combat aircraft to enter service, the A400M, canards. On the positive side of the equation, BAE is had its fi rst fl ight eight years ago and its original involved with the most challenging and potentially requirement dates back to the 1980s. Outside UAVs, signifi cant combat aircraft programme in Europe, other ‘new’ European combat aircraft are either the UCAS (Unmanned Combat Air System) with upgrades or modifi cations of existing types. The Dassault. This £1.5bn programme builds on the European defence sector has also singularly failed expertise and experience of Britain and France with to dethrone US and Israeli leadership in UAVs – their own demonstrators (Taranis and Neuron) for a particularly in the medium-altitude long endurance low observable UCAV. With feasibility study complete, (MALE). a demonstration programme, to begin in late 2017, Saab, for example, has just rolled out its Gripen will see two UCAS fl ight demonstrators by 2025, with NG and has future unfunded concepts beyond that operational stealth drones in the 2030s and beyond. but has found its own lifeline working with Boeing to Yet, despite this cutting-edge aerospace help design its T-X trainer. Like Eurofi ghter, France’s technology, the jury is still out on how many UCAVs Dassault can look forward to a mid-life Rafale Below left: Eurofi ghter air forces will need in the future. The timescales to upgrade in the mid-2020s – and is partnered with the Typhoon in the Anechoic operational platforms (another 13 years away at UK on the Anglo-French UCAV. Chamber at BAE Systems Electronic Warfare Test least – and more likely 18) also mean that there is Worst off, arguably, is Airbus Defence and Space Facility, Warton, Lancashire. a signifi cant gap in production between the end of which, in concert with other European companies, Below right: The new RJ328 Eurofi ghter at the end of this decade and the start of has faced an uphill battle to attract political interest to be built in Turkey. any UCAV manufacturing. in a European MALE UAV platform. Last year BAE Systems TR Jet

2 0 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 BAE Systems TAI

Turkish NATIONALITY British Ankara, Turkey HEADQUARTERS London and Farnborough, UK

1973 (TAI) FOUNDED 1999 (Final merger between BAe & Marconi) Nejat Bilgin CHAIRMAN Sir Roger Carr Aircraft, Satellites PRODUCTS Civil and military aerospace, Defence electronics, Naval vessels, Munitions, Land warfare systems US$886.5m* (2015) TURNOVER US$25.3bn* (2015) 4,289 (2013) NO OF EMPLOYEES 84,600** (2015)

* * 72 POSITION IN DEFENSE NEWS TOP 100 3 *Defense News **Forbes

AirbusDS revealed a proposal for a stealth fi ghter coup attempt, may be unpalatable in some quarters replacement for Germany’s Tornado fl eet but it faces – but the deal is critical in that it helps the UK the disadvantage of being outside both F-35 and the maintain an irreplaceable combat aircraft design Anglo-French UCAS programmes, as well as Berlin’s capability – at a time when rival European defence lukewarm approach to defence procurement. companies are also scratching around for work. The prize is a juicy one – a large 200+ aircraft buy, Turkey’s growing ambition potential export sales and a ‘European F-22’ style air dominance fi ghter that complements the F-35. Not all countries are struggling with declining design The UK, too, through its experience in Replica, work for their military sectors. Turkey has one of the Taranis, F-35 and FCAS is, arguably, the the most most active and ambitious aerospace and defence advanced aerospace sector outside the US in LO industries and is working steadily to develop its technology – and thus safeguarding and protecting indigenous capability – with a fl urry of activity in this expertise with as much design and technical recent years. State-owned TAI has moved from work as possible should be a clear strategic goal for license-built production of F-16s and other aircraft UK Plc. to designing and manufacturing its own aircraft. It This is also signifi cant in that it is an agreement has developed a basic trainer and light attack aircraft, to help develop a fi ghter aircraft with a non-EU, but the Hurkus, as well as the Anka MALE UAV. TAI has NATO country (that is not the US (or Canada) – and also produced an upgraded version of the A129 is thus a boost for those who see the UK striking Mangusta attack helicopter, the T129 ATAK, in deals with the wider world post-Brexit. The Turkish co-operation with original manufacturer, Leonardo. AF – twice the size of the RAF – is also a major The country has also ambitions in the civil power player on NATO’s southern fl ank – despite aerospace sector – with a Turkish Regional Jet recent political upheavals. project being launched in 2015 to develop a family of However, it is important not to overstate this regional airliners, beginning with a design based on deal too much. The stated size of the contract, the Dornier 328JET. ‘£100m or more’ is insignifi cant in total development Space and a healthy missiles systems sector budgets for an advanced stealth project like this through the state-owned Roketsan round out Turkey’s – which may top $25bn in total. Turkey, of course, growing aerospace sector. For aerospace companies will want to manufacture and develop as much willing to help Istanbul develop its aerospace industry technology in-house as possible and it is possible further, there could be other potential opportunities in that TF-X itself may fall victim to outside forces or the future. budget squeezes. Yet, despite these caveats, the partnership has Summary major implications in helping maintain critical UK combat aircraft design capability that, without a The prospect of a growing UK defence partnership spread of new projects to work on, might otherwise with Turkish strongman Erdogan,˘ post the 2016 wither and die.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook.com www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 21 DEFENCE Air power debated Centenary

BAE Systems countdown A new, improved RAF Air Power Conference this summer will help set the stage for the Service’s 100th anniversary in 2018 – with a goal to broaden the global debate of air power. TIM ROBINSON reports.

peaking in early March, then Assistant This year, with new organisers in the form of Chief of the Air Staff, Air Vice-Marshal APA and a countdown to the historic milestone Richard Knighton, said that the revamped of the centenary of the RAF in April 2018, the Sconference will be: “An opportunity for us conference aims to stimulate and widen the to challenge ourselves about the state of IT IS VERY debate about the utility of air power beyond the power, how it’s going to evolve and how it’s going to usual ‘bubble’ of senior offi cers, MoD civil servants, develop. It gives us an opportunity to debate where MUCH A industry executives and air power analysts. air power is today and to help, jointly, with our allies STEPPING The organisers plan to harness social media, from around the world to develop that air power STONE FOR THE as well as build on last year’s conference where thinking.” RAF INTO 2018 presentations were livestreamed to RAF stations, While in previous years the RAF Air Power with a wider audience this year, engaging Conference has always been an annual fi xture for Air Vice-Marshal international partners. It may be potentially a bold military professional, academics and industry, the Richard Knighton move to open up debate in this way with some 2017 event sees the UK’s Air Power Association Assistant Chief of Air Staff red-hot topics such as ‘how air power integrates (APA) partnering with RUSI to produce the two-day Royal Air Force with irregular forces’, however, the RAF believes that event on 12-13 July. the benefi ts of increased engagement, challenging The conference usually has no problem debate and wider participation are worth the risks. attracting high-level speakers thanks to its calendar The event, which also plans to incorporate proximity to the Royal International Air Tattoo and more ‘operational’ presentations with speakers this year will see the Chief of the Air Staff ACM pulled directly from the cockpit (or ISR cell), is Sir , Secretary of State for Defence also not to be seen in isolation and forms part of Michael Fallon MP and the USAF Chief of Staff a wider programme within the Service to rekindle General David Goldfein (celebrating its 70th doctrinal thinking. The RAF’s desire to stimulate anniversary this year) all set to speak. Additionally critical airpower thinking, generate ideas and listen the conference, to be held at the IET in London, is to even its lowliest airman/woman can be seen expected to draw over 30-35 representatives of in the ‘Thinking to Win’ conceptual initiative that foreign air forces, many of these their own chiefs. was launched in 2016 by the previous CAS. In addition, the organisers are keen to see the online Broadening the air power debate ‘conversation’ about air power both precede and carry on after the actual conference itself, especially The theme of the Conference this year is 21st as the RAF counts down towards its 100th birthday Century Partnerships – a highly topical subject, in 2018. given the global political, geostrategic and operational changes in the previous 12 months that Summary have shaken the news. Drones, the introduction of fi fth-generation platforms and the ‘high ground’ of In short then, it is highly appropriate that the world’s space add to the technological challenges. What oldest independent air force is aiming high ahead of then is air power – the politicians ‘go to’ tool of The RAF Air Power its second century with a refreshed and challenging choice, place in this fast-moving, connected world? Conference 2017 new vision for global air power debate – and to Yet, while the expert speaker line-up can be will be held at IET push the boundaries of air power understanding, taken for granted, perhaps the most noteworthy on 12-13 July deliver thought-provoking debate and develop new aspect of this year’s event is the goal to develop advocates. As AVM Knighton noted: “Our hope is new air power advocates, not just in the UK but airpower.org.uk that we make the UK’s air power conference THE internationally by critical and thought-provoking leading air power conference in the world – it is very discussion. #airpower17 much a stepping stone for the RAF into 2018.”

22 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 AEROSPACE GOLF DAY FOR INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS

FRILFORD HEATH GOLF CLUB, OXFORDSHIRE / WEDNESDAY 5 JULY 2017

18 hole texas scramble Join us at our 2017 Golf Day for some competition healthy competition with fellow golfers in the aviation community.

9 hole stableford points This event is ideal for networking in a competition relaxed and informal setting. Enter a corporate 4-ball team or opt Individual and corporate to be teamed up with other individual team prizes players. For further details please apply to: Lunch, refreshments and Gail Ward afternoon tea Events Manager – Corporate and Society Royal Aeronautical Society Optional ‘social supper’ on T +44 (0)1491 629912 4 July 2017 E [email protected] AEROSPACE Human factors Bergstrom Aircraft Bergstrom The force awakens FAA Chief Scientific & Technical Advisor, Flight Deck Technology Integration, Dr ROBERT E JOSLIN, asks whether regulatory requirements for ‘pilot control loads’ based on a pilot’s physical strength are now excessive for today’s demographic of male and female pilots.

Gulfstream/BAE Systems Gulfstream/BAE re cockpit fl ight control force design ‘… a Cessna Citation 525, N996JR, ditched in requirements too high for today’s the waters of Penn Cove, Coupeville, Washington, pilots? Evidence suggests that pilot following a loss of elevator trim control (runaway A strength requirements for pitch, roll, trim) that resulted in an uncommanded nose-low and yaw fl ight controls (eg yokes, pitch attitude. Personnel from the Federal Aviation control columns, rudder pedals) set over 50 years ago Administration (FAA) Wichita Aircraft Certifi cation from data from military aviators are now excessive for Offi ce reported that post accident simulator testing Gulfstream active side- today’s demographic of pilots – which includes female of the elevator fl ight control system revealed stick. Many modern aircraft pilots. These outdated legacy controls may even pose that full defl ection of the trim tab (trailing edge are fl own using fl y-by-wire a safety hazard in extreme recovery situations for up) would require extremely high control wheel technology which has no some pilots if they require excessive strength. forces to achieve level fl ight.’ (NTSB Identifi cation: physical connection between ‘When the captain took control, the airplane SEA03FA147) the cockpit controls and the aircraft’s control surfaces was about 700ft above ground level at 143 KIAS ‘Uncommanded pitch, roll and yaw. Unable where pilot strength is (knots indicated airspeed), high and to the right of to arrest uncommanded inputs or correct unco- irrelevant. the approach course. At 0436:00, about 10sec ordinated fl ight confi guration with anything after the captain took control, the forces exerted on other than reduction of thrust to reduce forces the cockpit controls peaked with max forces on the on primary fl ight control surfaces. It took the full control column, control wheel, and rudder pedals of strength of both pilots to control the aircraft.’ (ASRS 36lb, 29lb, and 112lb, respectively... Immediately ACN:749984) after the captain exerted the peak forces on the The above excerpts from accident, incident cockpit controls, about 27sec before impact, the and anomalous event reports from the US National aural stall warning and the stick shaker activated for Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and the Aviation the second time, concurrent with the TAWS (terrain Safety Reporting System (ASRS) databases highlight awareness and warning system) warning, ‘Pull up. the safety implications of continued reliance on pull up’.’ (NTSB: CEN09MA142) outdated regulations for cockpit fl ight control forces.

24 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 The wording 14 CFR 25.143 – General of the Federal (d) The following table prescribes, for conventional wheel type controls, the maximum control forces permitted during Aviation the testing required by paragraph (a) through (c) of this section: Regulations Force, in pounds, applied to the control wheel or rudder pedals Pitch Roll Yaw For short-term application for pitch and roll control – two hands available for control 75 50 Certifi cation For short-term application for pitch and roll control – one hand available for control 50 25 Specifi cation For short-term application for yaw control 150 25.143(d) For long-term application 10 5 20 US Air Force Controlling the force

The maximum force requirements for manipulation of fl ight controls in transport category aircraft are quantitatively specifi ed in the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) under 14CFR §25.143(c) and Certifi cation Specifi cation (C.S.) 25.143(d) (see atop of page). The control force values were originally derived from data for fi fth to 95th percentile males applying for US military service in the 1950s, as published in Mil-Std-1472, Mil- Hdbk-759, Mil-F-8785,and DoD Hdbk-743, fi gures which are not representative of the current civilian pilot population. Apart from two adjustments, these control force requirements, as originally adopted and published as Civil Aviation Regulations (CAR) years there have been some small-scale studies Above: Table from Male and §4b.130 in the 1950s and subsequently converted focused specifi cally on aircraft fl ight control forces. female strength capabilities for operating aircraft controls. to Federal Aviation Regulations under 14CFR However, there has not been any recent large-scale McDaniel, J W (1981). §25.143 in the 1960s, have not changed in over a study of human strength/control forces. NASA AFAMRL-TR-81-39. Air Force half of a century, even though the civilian population recognised this shortfall and relied on statistically Aerospace Medical Research demographic has evolved considerably. manipulating the requirements from Mil-Std-1472 Lab Wright-Patterson AFB OH, USA. In 1978 the yaw (rudder) maximum control and the Occupational and Biomechanics textbook force under 14CFR §25.143(c) Amendment 25-42 by Chaffi n, Andersson and Martin (1991) to develop Below: Figure from A was changed from 180lb to 150lb (667N) based strength requirements for the NASA Constellation Preliminary Study of Maximal on fl ight test experience that had shown that 180lb programme for the fi rst to the 99th percentile (male Control Force Capability of may make control diffi cult for some pilots under and female), with the rationale being that people Female Pilots. Hasbrook, A H , Snow, C C, Karim, B, Bergey, some fl ight conditions. Seventeen years later the roll with anthropometric measurements predominantly K H, and Chandler, R F maximum control force under 14 CFR §25.143(c) in the extremes of the fi fth or 95th percentile, often (1972). FAA Civil Aeromedical Amendment 25-84 was changed from 60lb to have some measurements/strengths outside the Institute.

50lb (222N) to harmonise with the control force bounded range. FAA limits provided in the corresponding European Joint Aviation Regulation (JAR) §25.143(c). Furthermore, New data needed new cockpit fl ight control inceptors have been incorporated in most modern aircraft (eg side- To mitigate the hazard of excessive sticks), beyond those specifi ed in the tables of fl ight control forces, valid fl ight maximum allowable control forces as published in control force-application strength current regulations. data are needed to ensure that new A similar chronology was followed for transport aircraft designs account for the category rotorcraft, whereby the pilot control forces current pilot population demographic fi rst published under CAR §7.225 in the 1950s and fl ight control confi gurations. and subsequently converted to Federal Aviation The data should be gathered from Regulations under 14CFR §29.397 in the 1960s a statistically signifi cant number of have not changed, other than in 1977 when 14CFR subjects representative of the current §29.397 Amendment 29-12 deemed the term pilot population demographic, utilising ‘control wheel’ as ‘unnecessary’ and also added current and reasonably anticipated fl ight control- forces for ‘secondary controls’ with the explanation input devices to be found in transport category and that the rule, as written, applied to all controls. normal category aircraft. Data should be collected However, a distinction needed to be made between related to the maximum forces, both momentary ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ controls (eg fl ap, tab, and sustained, that can be exerted by the target stabiliser, landing gear), such as provided for aircraft. pilot population for all control inceptors (eg yoke, Whereas in aircraft design, the anthropometric wheel, column, centre and side sticks, cyclic, body measurements are typically bounded by the collective) when in the normal seated position in fi fth and 95th percentile, strength design limits for the cockpit with seat belt/harness fastened (if control forces normally only have a lower boundary, applicable). These data should be used to update typically based upon the fi fth percentile of the the design certifi cation regulations that are used female user population (fi rst percentile for critical by manufacturers to show compliance and the skills) or the weakest person in the population, as civil aviation authorities to fi nd compliance, with recommended in Mil-Hdbk-759C (1995). Over the regulations related to pilot fl ight control forces.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 25 AIR TRANSPORT Europe

Regional repercussions

Regional airlines provide underappreciated but critical connectivity for passengers all over Europe. TIM ROBINSON reports how the European Regional Airlines Association (ERA) is assisting its members in negotiating these tough times.

ging aircraft fl eets, fewer seats, Yet, although ERA’s regional airlines only make declining services, tight margins up 9% of intra-European passenger services, they and intense competition – who provide a vital social and economic function – linking A would be in the regional airline remote communities and regions and providing business – especially in a Europe still connectivity to help businesses grow. Indeed, experiencing an economic slump? while the reasons behind Brexit and the election Fighting the corner of regional airlines in Europe of President Donald Trump are varied and beyond is the European Regional Airline Association (ERA). the scope of this article – one only needs to look It now has 191 members overall (including ten OEMs at a voting map of either the UK or US to see what and 22 airports), as well as 53 regional carriers. happens if regions are neglected in favour of the These range from Air Greenland to Hop! from urban, cosmopolitan cities. to Widerøe. The Association also benefi ts from the Speaking at ERA’s annual media briefi ng in synergies from having both airlines and suppliers in February, Jonathan Sullivan, Managing Director at the same organisation – and acts as a forum in which consultants Seabury Aviation and Aerospace, notes members can learn from each other. that 2016 was “the year that the regions spoke.” Sukhoi Superjet

26 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 Airline members of European Regional Airlines Association (ERA). ATR Too late, decision-makers are now dealing with the aftermath of this neglect. A lack of regional connectivity is not just a case of illogical travel, such as a passenger wanting to fl y from to Bristol having to go via the hub of Amsterdam, but in effect, helps consign huge swathes of the electorate to limited economic opportunities. Indeed, an underappreciated fact, says Sullivan, is how many major corporate headquarters are often found outside cities. In Europe, for example, this includes Airbus, Fiat, Morrisons, BASF, VW, Lego, Regional airlines have responded to this by Above: A Hop! airline, ATR 72. Volvo, Santander and others. All these giant brands shrinking fl ights and growing seats. On some routes, Below: A fl ybe Embraer 175. drive economic growth in these regions and rely on daily fl ights, for example, have been reduced to three Opposite page: A CityJet effi cient travel connections to generate business, times a week – putting off business travellers who Sukhoi Superjet. visit customers and shift staff around sites etc. desire the most convenient schedule. That, in turn, Thus, while Europe’s regional airlines have faced feeds into a perception that regions are ‘cut off’, downward pressure from the European mega-LCCs, stifl ing economic connectivity even further. such as easyJet and Ryanair, their business/leisure One symptom of this is the age of regional airlines’ passenger spilt (77%/23%) is more like the full- jet airliners. Alone among other airline sectors, the service legacy carriers. average age of regional jets in service has dramatically Finally, in some parts of the world, including increased – the very opposite of the rest of the airline Europe, regional airlines may not so much power sector. While new RJs (such as the SJ100 and the regional growth as provide essential air links to remote CSeries) are entering service and others are on the communities that could not survive otherwise. These near horizon (MRJ, E2) there remain a lot of older subsidised services, called public service obligations aircraft still fl ying. Indeed, Seabury’s analysis shows (PSO), are open to all airlines and are transparently that, while ERA’s 53 airlines have 706 aircraft in advertised but are dominated by regional carriers service, at present they have only 88 aircraft on order. with small aircraft. (If it was economical to run bigger fl aircraft, it would not be needed in the fi rst place). ybe These vital links provide a critical but underappreciated social and logistical lifeline to remote communities. ERA is working on a campaign to promote PSOs among its members, believing greater use should be made of these temporary air links to connect Europe’s remote communities.

Aging fl eets

Yet, despite the economic, social (and political) benefi ts), Europe’s regional airlines are, if not in actual decline, then under extreme pressure. “It’s a tough business to be in.” admitted Sullivan. Just in the past nine years, ERA’s member airlines, relative market share has declined 20%, as competition has intensifi ed. Low-cost carriers in Europe have grown by 7.9% over the past year, above the market average of 3.5%, while regional airlines have bumped Simple physics and the effi ciencies of larger along the bottom with 1.5% growth. aircraft means that, while the rest of the industry A stagnant European economy, not fully- has been focused on up-gauging, regional airlines recovered from the crash of 2008, also has led to a have yet to see the full benefi ts of next-generation decline in frequency and seats available. “Europe is RJs. While turboprop manufacturer ATR has enjoyed in the doldrums,” warned ERA’s President and KLM record orders in recent years, new turboprops Cityhopper MD, Boet Kreiken. being delivered would still not make up the shortfall

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 27 AIR TRANSPORT Europe

Aero Icarus as older regional jets are phased out. In addition, This extra competition is further bad news for despite the fuel effi ciencies and quietness of modern Europe’s squeezed regional airlines. As Sullivan notes, turboprop airliners, there is still some resistance from even this ‘window of opportunity’ for regional airlines passengers who perceive that turboprops equal old is now shrinking. propeller aircraft. ERA’s response A ‘limited window’ for profi ts This tough business climate – along with new worries Above: A Montenegro Airlines This situation is partly due to a function of the niche about Brexit and what that could mean for regional Fokker 100 taking off. that regional airlines occupy. If they do make a route carriers – has kept trade organisation ERA busy Below: A TAP Express serving a specifi c region a roaring success – then working for its members. ERA predicts that, despite Embraer ERJ-190LR landing larger airlines will quickly move in. There is then, says the pressures on its airline members, results from at Schiphol Airport. Sullivan, a ‘limited window of opportunity’ for regional 2016 will show a good year for Europe’s smaller carriers to make profi ts and grow a route. before airlines, with increased demand and better load bigger players will move in to gobble up market share. factors. “The defi nition of success for a regional airline,” says Sullivan’s analysis is that regional airlines should Sullivan “is working themselves out of a job.” react by focusing on the business market fi rst, Yet Europe’s sluggish economic growth is now building brand loyalty among business passengers. In constraining economic opportunities. A slowing of the medium term, he suggests that regional carriers EU expansion since ten countries joined en masse should consider a partnership strategy with larger in 2004 has also limited new markets for European airlines to act as feeders into their bigger networks. airlines. At the same time, the larger LCCs, with One model for this kind of relationship might well be economies of scale and lots more aircraft on order, Etihad’s European beachhead, Switzerland’s (Etihad Regional).

Alf van Beem Going forward, one key initiative that ERA is championing is alerting its members to up to €1bn worth of credit for fl eet renewal from the European Investment Bank (EIB) – as the 2008 crash has made accessing fi nance much more diffi cult. Indeed, ERA observes that it has been easier to get fi nance for airport equipment than for actual aircraft. A decision by the EIB in July 2016 to open up new lending guidelines was preceded by a three-year campaign by ERA highlighting the investment opportunities offered by regional carriers. These loans are targeted directly at regional airlines to upgrade their equipment with newer, more fuel-effi cient regional jets. Unlocking this fi nance from the EIB could be a critical step in reversing the aging fl eet problem and speeding up the introduction of next generation regional aircraft. This initiative is already starting to pay off. Simon will now be tempted in the near future to take on McNamara, Director General, ERA, says that several riskier, more marginal routes to try and stimulate of ERA’s member airlines are now in negotiations with growth. In particular, continued low oil prices will the EIB, with potential orders in the next six months. reduce the downside for LCCs to put extra capacity Could this year’s Paris Air Show see a fl urry of orders into riskier markets. for regional jets?

Airport members of European Regional Airlines Association (ERA)

2 8 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 Stalled progress (EU and ICAO) in operation – making for even more paperwork and red tape for small airlines and Meanwhile, ERA notes that progress in two key affecting competitiveness.

areas of concern for its members has come to a Bombardier virtual standstill. A planned review of the controversial EU621 passenger compensation regulation has become a political football over UK-Spanish disagreement about Gibraltar’s sovereignty – with little sign of progress over the past 18 months. This EU consumer regulation dealing with delays and cancelled fl ights has been disputed by airlines for extending their responsibility (and therefore compensation) to events that carriers say are completely beyond their control – the latest being birdstrikes. A recent case had seen an ERA member held liable for a fl ight delay following a birdstrike by a non-aviation specialist judge, as they ruled birds are present in the air, so the incident was thus foreseeable. ERA has been pressing the European safety regulator, EASA, to intervene as an impartial expert body to warn judges that making airlines liable for this could have a negative impact on safety. A Croatia Air Bombardier Finally, for all European airlines, there is the Another project going nowhere fast is, of course, Q400. looming shadow of the UK’s decision to leave the EU Single European Sky (SES) – the grand project to – which ERA’s D-G McNamara describes as: modernise Europe’s fragmented ATM and create “a European issue, not just a UK issue.” McNamara more effi cient airspace. With Brexit and other populist says that ERA’s position is consistent – what is needed forces threatening to pull Europe apart, the prognosis for ERA’s regional airlines is “as soft Brexit as possible” for any swift action on SES is not good. Yet, it is still – allowing airlines the same (or similar) access to estimated by Eurocontrol that rationalisation and markets and regulation – such as continued traffi c optimisation of Europe’s ATM system could save rights and, especially for regional airlines, aircraft and airlines 10% in fuel burn. For regional airlines that crew, maintenance and insurance (ACMI) leasing. already operate on thin margins this saving would not McNamara is bullish that, when Article 50 is triggered, be insignifi cant. “It’s very frustrating.” says McNamara. negotiators on both sides will put Europe’s consumers fi rst. “Everyone’s talking doomsday but there needs A soft (aviation) Brexit needed to be a solution that works.” Brexit for the wider European airline industry is not purely a UK challenge. Another issue of concern for ERA for its members is the EU’s Emissions Trading System (ETS) Summary which applies to fl ights within the EU. For smaller carriers of the kind that makes up most of ERA’s In short, despite their small size in comparison to airline membership, this means the burden of extra Europe’s legacy airlines and LCCs, regional airlines administration. remain extremely important – both in generating While ICAO agreed in October 2016 to extend economic growth through linking regions of the ETS into a global system, ensuring a level playing Europe and for social reasons – connecting remote fi eld for all airlines, ERA is still frustrated that Europe’s communities. As politicians on both sides of the ETS will be extended until 2025 and is concerned Atlantic found out last year – neglect the regions at that there could be twin carbon-trading schemes your peril.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook.com www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 29 ROTORCRAFT Airbus helicopter innovation Faster helicopters, quicker innovation How Airbus Helicopters designs the next-generation of rotorcraft at its new Development Centre in Marignane, France. TIM ROBINSON reports from the company’s ‘Skunk Works’ pushing the boundaries of rotary technology.

WE HAVE A SPIRIT AT AIRBUS HELICOPTERS AND THIS AIRCRAFT IS THE TOP OF THAT SPIRIT Olivier Gensse Chief Flight Test Pilot, H160 Programme

30 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 ail fast, fail often’ is the new mantra The bigger picture at Airbus Helicopters (AirbusHC) Development Centre at its factory in This is part of a wider push by AirbusHC to fully F Marignane, Marseilles, France – which embrace, exploit and accelerate the possibilities is embracing a Silicon Valley-style offered by digitisation and innovation – an initiative ‘ approach to stimulating ideas and creativity from its that is also going on in the parent group and workers. The centre, inaugurated in 2016, brings in its business. A third focus, stressed together around 1,000 engineers from AirbusHC by AirbusHC CEO Gulliame Faury, is fast-track to brainstorm radical ideas and work on projects ‘increased maturity’ of its products, using advanced for the next generation of rotorcraft. The design tools, facilities and processes to de-risk products and development work spans tweaks to existing and provide high levels of reliability from the get-go. models to futuristic VTOL fl ying machines, such as This innovation and digitisation effort, believes autonomous aerial taxis, UAVs and even augmented AirbusHC, will pay off in the form of getting reality (AR) applications for manufacturing. products more quickly to market, with greater Though AirbusHC stresses that not all those effi ciencies and enhanced safety for customers. in the building are involved in innovation (and that innovation is widespread across the company) the A milestone year for the H160 building acts as a central hub for rapid prototyping, experimentation and sharing ideas. Taking its This innovation is already feeding into AirbusHC’s inspiration from Silicon Valley tech fi rms like Google fl agship H160 project. Indeed, 2017 is set to be a or Facebook, the Centre features innovation labs, milestone year for AirbusHC’s new H160 twin-engine as well as a multitude of meeting areas, along medium helicopter with a third prototype joining the with coffee spaces to encourage engineers from two already fl ying, a customer signing by the end of the different areas to collaborate and brainstorm ideas. year and the fi rst serial airframe to enter fi nal assembly. The labs themselves are hi-tech workshops Giving an update to the media earlier in with 3D printing machines and other tools to February, Bernard Fujarski, Head of H160 enable engineers to quickly get hands-on with Programme, revealed that the H160, which was hardware or to build rapid prototypes or models. launched in 2015, had already racked up over 360 Meanwhile, open-plan shared spaces are designed hours in fl ight testing with the two prototypes. The to provide the perfect work environment for third, currently being assembled, will be used to test innovation and creativity. The team, for example, the indirect effect of lightning strikes. working on VIP interiors for the H160, features a While the H160, with its canted Fenestron, private meeting capsule, visualisation management biplane stabiliser and Blue Edge rotors, is striking on the walls and glossy lifestyle magazines to help enough from the outside, AirbusHC test pilots were put them into the mindset of VIP and corporate effusive in praising its benign handling qualities. Even helicopter customers. with the autopilot and stability augmentation switched While tech labs and meeting spaces take up off it is ‘very stable’ to fl y, said Olivier Gensse, Chief most of the Centre, the ground fl oor is devoted Flight Test Pilot. The H160 is designed for ease of to actual full-size hardware – allowing engineers operation and, with ten minutes of pre-fl ight, can working on projects to easily handle with the be started up in two minutes, he said. Gensse also prototypes. noted the H160’s outstanding quietness, remarking Key to the Development Centre is a Ol that, during hover taxiing with a H125 chase ivier Ge willingness for engineers to experiment ns helicopter, the Squirrel could be heard over se , J and ‘fail fast, fail often’. Engineering r the H160’s internal cabin noise. ( C h i design projects therefore are e Sadly, with a packed fl ight test f

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0 ‘sprints’ last from either a week to ) H160 was recently undergoing cold three months, with the goal to either weather testing in Canada, AirbusHC quickly make progress, add more could not spare one of the prototypes for resources, or to move on to the next Heli-Expo in Dallas last month. Fujarski also project. Crucially, says Remi Maillard, Chief was unable to confi rm whether a H160 would be Engineer Development Helicopters, it is important free to appear at Le Bourget in late June. Could that that there are not too many ‘sprints’ going on mean that the H160 might make its international air simultaneously to dilute the effort. show debut at Farnborough 2018?

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 31 ROTORCRAFT Airbus helicopter innovation

With entry-into-service in 2019, AirbusHC is shipboard naval VTOL UAV based on the Guimbal gearing up for production of the H160 with the Cabri G2 light helicopter. The diesel-powered fi rst serial production airframe entering the factory VSR700 is being developed in partnership with this year. Here the rotorcraft division is taking naval shipbuilders DNCS with the goal of a VTOL cues from the airliner part of Airbus, with large UAV for ISR missions able to stay aloft for 10+ assemblies (such as the tail section) arriving in the hours with a 100kg payload. A fi rst autonomous factory already pre-wired and fi tted out as much as fl ight with a modifi ed Cabri G2 and a safety pilot possible – speeding up fi nal assembly in Marignane. is set for this year, with a maiden fl ight of the Once production is up and running, AirbusHC VSR700 in 2018 and fi rst deliveries in 2020. expects to build 50 H160s a year. Ideas from While the maritime VTOL UAV market is becoming airliner development don’t end there. AirbusHC will increasingly crowded with systems such as the MQ- also replicate the Airbus A350’s ‘Airline1’ maturity 8C FireScout, Schiebel Camcopter S-100 and UMS and operations environment with the H160 to Skedar, AirbusHC believes that the 700kg VSR700 de-risk and troubleshoot the helicopter, eliminating occupies a niche with no direct competitors. operational teething troubles well before the fi rst customer takes delivery. Indeed, Airbus’ efforts to Future rotorcraft enhance the maturity are already paying off, with the company fl ying the prototypes 20% more at this Beyond the H160, the recent super-medium H175 stage of testing than previous models. and updates to existing products First H160 customer demonstration fl ights (the H125/H130 now began last year with feedback ‘beyond expectations’, come equipped with according to Fujarski, who added that the company Garmin 500 glass expects to sign a fi rst fi rm civil H160 customer cockpits) the company from the LOIs it already has by the end of 2017. is working on a wide However, in early March, a proposed military range of short, medium derivative of the H160 received a huge boost when and long-term rotorcraft the French MoD announced it had selected it for its technology, explained tri-service light helicopter replacement programme. Tomasz Krysinski, Head of This will see between 160-190 H160s replace Research and Innovation. existing aging types including, Alouette IIIs, AS365 AirbusHC’s goals for rotorcraft,ft, Dauphins, AS555 Fennecs and SA342 Gazelles he explained, are reduced costst operating by the French Navy, Air Force and Army. and noise, higher speed, moree autonomy and lower fuel consumption Targeting a naval niche than today’s helicopters. To achieve these, AirbusHC is innovating across a wide spectrum, Another military rotorcraft being worked at the which, as well as the air vehicles themselves, also AirbusHC’s Development Centre, is the VSR700 – a covers advancing manufacturing, MRO and new service models. In particular, the company sees huge opportunities for lowering costs and improving safety by collecting and analysing ‘big data’ from helicopter health monitoring and predictive maintenance: “We are at the beginning of a new era” for this technology, says CEO Faury. But full size prototypes are also vital in advancing technology. In tests AirbusHC’s H135- based Bluecopter technology demonstrator, said Krysinski, had cut the noise footprint in half, thanks to a fi ve-bladed rotor, rotor hub fairing and advanced Fenestron tail system. Meanwhile, its HCE demonstrator, which uses a piston engine in place of a standard turbine, had demonstrated a whopping 42% reduction in fuel burn – which could translate into a 30% reduction in operating costs – a potential game changer for light helicopters. Further out in the future, AirbusHC is now Left above: Airbus helicopters has secured the fi rst two working on a follow-up to its X3 (X-cubed) high- customers for its HForce speed hybrid rotorcraft demonstrator, under the modular weapon system. European Clean Sky 2 green aviation research Left below: Airbus Helicopters project. The goal, says Krysinski, is to develop a is now trialling augmented helicopter that is 50% faster than existing models reality (AR) technology for manufacturing.

32 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 Airbus is set to but with only 20% increase in costs. Speed – ‘but up plans to test fl y an electric VTOL aircraft with unveil a new not any price’, says Krysinski, could open up new distributed propulsion later this year. Meanwhile, a civil markets for high-speed rotorcraft, such as VIP, larger VTOL ‘fl ying car’ concept, the CityAirbus with confi guration SAR or EMS, where speed for the ‘golden hour’ of four ducted fans, would seat 3-4 passengers. Airbus of its Clean Sky medical attention is critical. Although Bell/Boeing’s HC estimates from market studies that the potential hybrid rotorcraft V-22 tiltrotor has scored its fi rst export customer market for this kind of VTOL urban aerial passenger at this year’s in Japan, AirbusHC believes that a simpler, more transport could be two and a half times bigger than affordable high-speed VTOL solution would open current helicopters. Paris Air Show up a wider military market. However, for these passenger ‘aerial taxis’ to The Clean Sky 2 LifeRCraft (Low Impact Fast take-off – there needs to be a deep & Effi cient RotorCraft), which passed wind-tunnel

understanding and knowledge of autonomy, intelligent systems and AI – both for any advanced autopilot in the air vehicle itself and for any automated ATM system that would run an urban air traffi c system. To understand these and other related challenges better, AirbusHC has partnered with the National University of Singapore in the Skyways project to trial delivery of small parcels using drones across the university campus. Though Airbus has already fl own its UAVs at an undisclosed location, the time schedules for this project are aggressive – with the company aiming to trial seamless deliveries using a octo-copter UAV by 2018. This technology demonstration is also ambitious in attempting to operate in the toughest environment of a densely populated urban area – rather than rural locations favoured by other competitors. This demonstration, tests last year, moves into preliminary design review is not designed to produce a ‘product’ like an this year, with a fi rst fl ight targeted for 2020. ‘AirbusHC drone’ but is instead an exploration of The design slows and unloads the main rotor to ‘systems of systems’ and using Airbus core values provide lift with stub-wing mounted propellers (safety and security) in a market that is currently providing forward thrust in high speed mode. The dominated by consumer or ‘toy’ products. LifeRCraft will use Safran RTM322 turboshaft engines. Interestingly, the stub-wings include Summary control surfaces and the twin-engined LifeRCraft will be designed to be able to shut down an engine In short, AirbusHC’s Development Centre provides in fl ight to cruise at 190kt in fuel saving mode. a fascinating counterpart to digitisation and While AirbusHC has previously released concept innovation efforts underway in the rest of Airbus. images of the LifeRCraft, Krysinski says that a new It is clear that, despite the subdued civil market for confi guration will be unveiled this summer at the rotorcraft (2016 was a “rather challenging year”, Paris Air Show. noted Fuary), focusing on R&D and innovation now will keep Airbus Helicopters ahead of the power Aerial taxis and drone deliveries curve in the future. Indeed, such is the ferocious pace of innovation, that Kryinski, who observed As well as what might be described as a 21st students in the US concerned that he would century successor to the Fairey Rotodyne, AirbusHC berate them for appearing to copy Airbus’ Blue is also looking further into the future of VTOL aerial Edge rotor on a recent visit laughed: “I told them transport by supporting Airbus Group concepts for not to worry and go ahead and do it – we’re now ‘fl ying cars’ and ‘aerial taxis’. Its A3 (A cubed) start- on to the next thing.”

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 33 AIR TRANSPORT Infl ight Connectivity Lufthansa

Better connections Inmarsat and Honeywell have developed new enhanced satellite broadband and in-fl ight Wi-Fi systems which they claim offers a signifi cantly faster and more reliable service than previous versions, BILL READ FRAeS reports.

nce there was a time when and speed of such services is sometimes not all it passengers aboard an aircraft in should be. To address this problem, leading global the air were isolated from all forms mobile satellite communications provider Inmarsat of electronic communication from has developed the Global Xpress (GX) high-speed the ground. However, recent years broadband network which it claims has four times Ohave seen a technological revolution in satellite the available bandwidth compared to alternative communications turn modern aircraft into smart, fully Ku-band solutions and enables users to access connected machines where passengers can use advanced data services anywhere around the world. GLOBAL XPRESS phones, surf the net and use other forms of Wi-Fi First available from December 2015, the STATES THAT communications just the same way as they can on Global Xpress service relies on three I-5 Ka-band, the ground. high-speed mobile broadband communications ITS SYSTEM CAN Airlines have been keen to equip their fl eets satellites which were launched from the Baikonur COMPLEMENT with Wi-Fi, as it brings many advantages both to Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in December 2013, MILITARY SATELLITE operators and passengers. For passengers, access to February 2015 and August 2015. Inmarsat-5 COMMUNICATIONS connected systems enhances their fl ight experience satellite F1 (I-5 F1) is powering services over IN KA-BAND, and satisfy customer needs. Connectivity also Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Asia; I-5 F2 benefi ts the carrier which can gain additional revenue serves the Americas and Atlantic Ocean region; and ALLOWING if it charges for access, as well as targeting specifi c I-5 F3 the Pacifi c Ocean Region. GOVERNMENTS TO advertising and selling duty-free products which can Each of the I-5 satellites operates 89 Ka-band COST-EFFECTIVELY be delivered to the passenger’s home or destination. spot beams, providing a foundation layer of global AUGMENT THEIR coverage capable of providing up to 50Mbps to SYSTEMS WITHOUT Global Xpress fuselage-mounted antennas and 33Mbps to tail- mounted antennas. Capacity can be supplemented ADDITIONAL However, although many airlines now offer by a steerable beam which can direct additional INFRASTRUCTURE passengers in-fl ight Wi-Fi connectivity, the reliability capacity three times as powerful as the spot beams INVESTMENT

34 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 to busy airspace during high traffi c periods. Each For business aviation users, Inmarsat offers satellite has two ground stations to guarantee JetConneX, to deliver an ‘in-the-air broadband reliable communication to the satellites. Operational experience comparable to on-the-ground control is maintained with redundant satellite control connections’. The data speeds are fast enough to and network operations centres which are also support voice over IP (VoIP), live TV, fi le transfer and owned and operated by Inmarsat. VPN, thus allowing biz-jet passengers to join a video A fourth I-5 satellite to provide additional conference while fl ying over the Atlantic, catch the capacity and redundancy over a third of the total latest market reports en route to the next business global coverage area was due to be launched in meeting, download tomorrow’s presentation from the 2016 but was delayed following the launch pad company server, or stream sport or TV shows live. explosion in September of a SpaceX Falcon rocket. Inmarsat also has plans to launch two additional Ka- Honeywell – JetWave band payloads in the 2020s to supplement regional capacity. The exclusive hardware for aircraft to connect to GX According to Inmarsat, Global Xpress replaces is provided by Honeywell’s JetWave wireless in-fl ight the ‘makeshift patchwork’ of Ku-band services that connectivity system. In January 2016 the JetWave have not met the high standard of reliability for system received US Federal Aviation Administration passengers and the aviation industry needs. The (FAA) approval following over 180 fl ight hours global coverage offered by its GX service will ensure and tests aboard Honeywell’s Boeing 757 test more consistent performance with no drop-outs aircraft which showed that the system would stay between satellite beams. connected to Inmarsat’s GX network at various altitudes, angles and speeds, through several Customised service different types of weather and over land and water. Launched at the end of last year, Honeywell rolled Inmarsat is marketing the Global Xpress to military, out its JetWave service which links up with both business and commercial aviation customers. Inmarsat’s GX network and the JetConneX business For military users, Global Xpress states that aviation Wi-Fi service to provide enhanced in-fl ight its system can complement military satellite broadband connectivity for business or commercial communications in Ka-band, allowing governments aircraft. Honeywell produces two MCS terminals Honeywell to cost-effectively augment their systems without fi tted with an RF and antenna controller, modem additional infrastructure investment. Inmarsat says and router hardware. The MCS-8000 features a tail- that the GX system could be used for airborne mounted antenna for business aviation aircraft while intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, the MCS-8200 has a fuselage-mounted antenna special operations and expeditionary forces, live for larger aircraft. full-motion video and command and control. As The JetWave MCS 8X00 system consists of for security, the company claims that the Global four major components: Xpress network is base-lined to satisfy US Mission

Assurance Category (MAC) level III, with secure Honeywell gateways and satellite control. High capacity beams operating in the military Ka-band allow NATO and AUSCANZUKUS users to access L-BAND Ka-BAND wideband capacity as part of their own independent From Satellites to Services, (SwiftBroadband) (Faster speeds) network, in the same frequency band as national › Safety Services › Higher Bandwidth From Airtime to Apps › Voice Over Data › Guaranteed Performance systems like Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS). › Worldwide Coverage › Seamless Global Coverage Possibilities of Connectivity. Made Easy. › Single Network US Department of Defense users can augment their WGS coverage, as well as connecting mil- Ka SATCOM terminals, using any DoD-certifi ed Aspire 200: L-Band HD710: L-Band › SwiftBroadband waveform, to the same destined point of presence, › Channels Up to 2 › Up to 600 Kbps › SwiftBroadband › Cabin or through Inmarsat-provided Global Xpress Sky Connect › Up to 1.3 Mbps › Cockpit / Cabin Jetwave™: Ka-Band secure enclaves. Users also have the option to add › Iridium › Inmarsat GX Network › Tracking, Voice, Text, › Up to 35 Mbps SBD and Flight Data › Cabin Broadband Global Area Network (BGAN) for even Monitoring greater resilience and frequency diversity. › Cockpit Software & Equipment Onboard For airline users, Inmarsat claims that ‘GX for Aviation’ takes airlines ‘beyond basic broadband’ to streamed entertainment, advanced in-fl ight shopping, digital and personalised services. In addition to being based on effi cient Ka-band spot Aspire 300: L-Band › Channels 1-2 Voice 1 Data (FANS) beams to provide reliable global coverage. GX can › Iridium › True Global Coverage GPDirect Suite of Apps also be supplemented with additional or redirected › Cockpit bandwidth across hub and traffi c hotspots.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 35 AIR TRANSPORT Infl ight Connectivity

● Antenna controller to point the antenna to the system for aftermarket upgrades on over 30 satellite models. ● RF unit to transmit the data through space ● Modem to process the incoming and outgoing EAN data Further developments are underway. With European ● Either a fuselage, or tail-mounted antenna to air traffi c forecasts to double over the next decade, direct the data to and from the satellite Inmarsat is working on a project with Deutsche Data transmission speeds will vary depending upon Telekom to combine ground and space-based what service packages a business operator or infrastructure to enhance in-fl ight connectivity airline chooses. The JetWave system for business across Europe. Scheduled to enter service later aviation is capable of handling speeds up to this year, the European Aviation Network (EAN) 35Mbps while commercial aviation is capable of will combine connectivity from a new Inmarsat handling speeds up to 50Mbps to the aircraft. S-band satellite due to be launched in mid-2017 With either speed, Honeywell is confi dent that with approximately 300 Deutsche Telekom ground passengers will be able to access applications ‘well towers. Inmarsat explains that the system can beyond the capabilities of other onboard Wi-Fi easily be expanded, as bandwidth can be multiplied services’. Passengers can use JetWave to make by increasing the number and density of long-term phone calls or check emails at any point during evolution (LTE)-based ground station towers. fl ights, including over oceans, or stream live video In February, Inmarsat announced that it had at any altitude without interruption. Users can also completed testing key satellite infrastructure for the access social media, transfer large data fi les and do EAN with the validation of a EAN Satellite Access on-line shopping. Station (SAS) in Greece. The SAS is located in Honeywell is also offering JetWave to military Nemea in Greek and operated under an agreement operators, once again with options for either a with Greek telecommunications provider OTE which fuselage- or tail-mounted antenna for different is a member of the Deutsche Telekom Group. The aircraft types. The system can be used to provide SAS consists of a 13-metre antenna that provides military aircraft with mission-critical applications, feeder links to the satellite, a radio frequency sub- such as real-time weather, video conferencing, system and a radio access network provided by large fi le transfer, encryption capabilities, in-fl ight Inmarsat partner Cobham SATCOM. briefi ngs, ISR video and secure communications. According to Honeywell, JetWave equipment Other uses has been selected by a number of leading airlines, including Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines, Qatar, Enhanced connectivity is not limited to passenger Vietnam Airlines, Air Caraibes, Air New Zealand and use. Other uses include the operation of the aircraft Air Astana. Honeywell has already delivered 300 from Aircraft Communications Addressing and JetWaves with another 700 on order. Honeywell Reporting System (ACARS) relaying performance can install the system on all Airbus platforms while data to maintenance crews on the ground to system integrations is in process for the Boeing providing dynamic weather information for 737 and 787. Bombardier and Gulfstream will electronic fl ight bags. A prioritised IP connection Below: Stills from EAN also be offering JetWave on select models of new can also bring real-time data streaming, position Inmarsat promo video. aircraft. Honeywell is also certifying the JetWave reporting, and power the electronic fl ight bag. Inmarsat Inmarsat

3 6 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 r sat Honeywell Honeywell

Above top: Inmarsat and its partners have successfully completed testing at the European Aviation Network’s satellite access station in Nemea, Greece. Above left: GX Aviation installation on a Honeywell Boeing 757 test aircraft. Above right: Eurowings Airbus A319 with radome installation for Inmarsat GX.

Inmarsat has had its Classic Aero system for data segregation creates a virtual ‘fortress door’, fl ight decks since 1991 but has since developed ensuring the highest levels of information security. a new system called SwiftBroadband–Safety (SB-S) service which it claims will enable safer Flight tracking operations, improved fuel effi ciency, better communications and optimised fl eet performance. Looking to the future, the International Civil SB-S offers multiple voice channels to allow fl ight Aviation Organization (ICAO) is to launch the Global crew members to hold conversations at the same Aeronautical Distress and Safety System (GADSS), time. SB-S can also be to transmit aircraft health a fl ight-tracking mandate for all new aircraft to and performance data to the ground in real time, help prevent the loss if aircraft in distress. Inmarsat as well as enabling aircraft positional surveillance says that SB-S will help airlines lay the foundation via ADS-C, and can support a higher frequency of for GADSS, as on-board equipment can identify positional reporting. This is particularly important an abnormality in fl ight, triggering one-minute over the ocean – to make sure that aircraft can position reporting and allowing fl ight data recorder always be tracked when out of radio range. information to stream off the aircraft in real time, Broadband data can be prioritised to the permitting air accident investigators to reduce cockpit, providing segregation between regulated search and rescue radius, as well as already having safety services and cabin communications. This the critical information leading up to an event.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook.com www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 37 AIR TRANSPORT Aeromexico 787-9

An Aeromexico wave to

NITISHA KAUR takes a look at how Aeromexico plans to debut its new 787-9 Dreamliner on a key route to London.

exico’s national airline, be the seventh weekly service on the route, Aeromexico, launched its brand as six services are already running; altogether new Dreamliner 787-9 last year providing more than 13,600 seats per month. Mand is set to be in the sky during Jorge Goytortua, Aeromexico’s Senior Vice 2017. The airline is currently President of Global Sales, said: “The 787-9 will developing and expanding its fl eet to increase its show Aeromexico’s commitments to the British daily fl ights on its current network. Aeromexico and European market. In 2012 Aeromexico served has a current Dreamliner fl eet of nine Boeing Leaders of Boeing and the London – Mexico City route from three weekly Aeromexico gather in Mexico 787-8s and is planning to have a total of nine to City to sign a commitment fl ights, now increased to six with a seventh weekly ten 787-9s. for 100 aircraft. Aeromexico fl ight this year.” “We are currently waiting on approval for our agreed to buy ten 787 Quetzalcoatl, the ‘feathered snake’ is crowned slot at Heathrow Airport for our fi rst 787-9. If the Dreamliners in addition to 90 as the name of Aeromexico’s brand new 787-9 737 MAXs. slot is not approved by the fi rst quarter of 2017, Dreamliner. The aircraft stands proudly displaying the airline will have to fl y on a later date in 2017” its ancient Aztec symbols and gods, which are states Venetta Perry, Aeromexico’s UK & Ireland embodied all over the aircraft. Graphic designer, Market Manager. It appears all fi ngers are crossed Jose Manuel Escudero was the winner from this year for Aeromexico’s employees. 2014’s ‘Design in the Air’ competition and was The Boeing 787-9 will fl y on a daily direct picked to design the new 787-9’s livery for the service between London and Mexico City. It will launch last year. Andres Conesa, Chief Executive

38 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 the new 787-9 Dreamliner

Offi cer of Aeromexico, chose Jose due to his remaining profirofi table, working in harmony with designs refl ecting the present Mexico. our employees,ees, the communicommunityty and the Quetzalcoatl’s 787-9 features include a environment.’t.’ AAeromexico‘seromexico‘s continuacontinuall fuselage 20 feet longer than the 787-8, a capacity investment ttoo ddevelopevelop its proproductduct for 48 extra passengers on longer routes with on its networkork will eensurensure 20% greater fuel effi ciency and up to 20% fewer that it remainsns a marmarketket emissions. Aeromexico is also the fi rst airline that leader withinn MeMexicoxico will include a complimentary chauffeur service to and Latin America.merica. all its Class Premier Passengers and corporate The airline iss club loyalty members on the 787-9, as well as also involvedd additional passenger benefi ts such as a social in code- area for its business passengers called ‘Espacio sharing with Premier’ which will offer premium food and Delta Airlineses beverage, an ideal area for business passengers to and Garuda network. Indonesia, helpingelping The upgrade to a new 787–9 fl eet supports to increase iitsts markmarketet ssharehare in Aeromexico’s mission statement: ‘To be an air America andd AAsia.sia. ThThee airairlineline is a stronstrongg bbelievereliever transportation company providing customers in improvementent of its airline and to increase brand with safe, effi cient and quality services while awareness.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 39 2017

ANNUAL BANQUET Supported by

Thursday 11 May 2017 / London

Established as a key event in the social Guest of Honour calendar of the aviation and aerospace Sir Martin Sweeting OBE FRS FREng FIET HonFRAeS community, the Royal Aeronautical Society Group Executive Chairman, Surrey Satellite Annual Banquet attracts high level industry Technology Ltd (SSTL) attendance and offers the ideal opportunity Venue for networking and corporate entertainment. The InterContinental London Park Lane, One Hamilton Place, London W1J 7QY, UK Individual tickets and corporate tables are Programme available with discounted rates for RAeS Reception: 7.15pm Dinner: 8.00pm Members and Corporate Partners. What’s included? This black tie event includes a pre-dinner networking reception followed by an exquisite four-course dinner with fine wines and coffee.

Enquiries to: Gail Ward, Events Manager – Corporate & Society Royal Aeronautical Society T: +44 (0)1491 629 912 / E: [email protected] www.aerosociety.com/banquet Afterburner www.aerosociety.com

Diary 4 April Swindon Branch Sir George Greenhill Lecture Boeing P-8 Poseidon Gp Capt Simon Joy, Programme Development Manager

A Boeing P-8A Poseidon assigned to Air Test and Evaluation Squadron (VX) 20 fl ies over USS Zumwalt (DDG 1000) as the ship travels to its new home port of San Diego, California. Zumwalt was commissioned in Baltimore, Maryland, in October 2015 and is the fi rst in a three-ship class of the US Navy’s newest, most technologically advanced multi-mission guided-missile destroyers. US Navy.

42 Message from RAeS 44 Book Reviews 53 RAeS Sound Archive - President Advanced Airship Technologies and Design The National Aerospace Library has just released a Approaches, Facing the Unexpected in Flight and series of historic sound recordings of interviews with “As well as the International and Membership Striking the Hornets’ Nest. leading American test pilots. Reviews which I discussed in the last two editions of AEROSPACE, I can report on a workshop held 54 New Corporate Partners in January to explore the level of engagement 48 Minutes of the 151st AGM between the RAeS and academia.” Seven new companies join the Society’s Corporate In advance of the 152nd RAeS AGM on 11 May, Partner Scheme. the Society publishes the minutes of last year’s - Chief Executive AGM. 56 Diary “With a growing number of our Corporate Partners operating in the Business Aviation sector, we Find out when and where around the world the will be hosting a networking event on 25 April 50 Cool Aeronautics latest aeronautical and aerospace lectures and to bring together industry, the regulators, media As part of the Society’s 150th anniversary events are happening. and government representatives where a panel of celebrations, last December the Yeovil Branch experts will discuss the opportunities, economic hosted the largest Cool Aeronautics so far. benefits and challenges to overcome.” 59 YPN in the Spotlight An update from the Young Persons Network.

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 41 Afterburner Message from RAeS OUR PRESIDENT

Prof Chris Atkin I begin April’s message as I closed in March: please take the time to read up about our candidates for the Council election and place your votes, if you have not done so already. As well as the International and Membership Reviews which I discussed in the last two editions of AEROSPACE, I can report on a workshop held in January to explore the level of engagement between the RAeS and academia. Specifi c themes included education (both accreditation of courses and support to teaching), engagement with employers, learned output and outreach. As well as aiming to strengthen the relationship between the Society and my own constituency, I wanted to explore the notion that academic staff are the fi rst professional role models which students encounter and, as such, have a strong infl uence – whether Chris Atkin, RAeS President, second from left, gave the opening conscious or otherwise – on their perceptions about keynote at MRO Africa in Johannesburg in March. Simon Levy. the relevance of the Society to their future careers. A good number of universities participated in the workshop. I think we gained a good understanding design problem you’re dealing with right now). As that, apart from our contribution to the quality an academic from industry, who often pictures his assurance of degree courses, the awareness within charges working for former colleagues, I have mixed academia, of what the RAeS is and does, could feelings about this business model and the effects and should be much greater. The Society should of the associated performance metrics over the do more to help academics in our sector see longer term. themselves as aerospace professionals; and we At the same time, many employers seem to should do more, through our Branch network and be moving towards online assessments (cognitive Corporate Partner Scheme, to help bridge the divide skills, etc) to down-select their job applicants. While between students and employers. I understand the problem faced by HR departments ‘Divide’ may seem a strong word but I think in fi ltering large numbers of applications, I wonder that industry has not adapted well to the de- when it was that the 11+ IQ tests, from years regulation of the HE sector in the UK. The far ago, were deemed suitable fi lters for the world of greater number of engineering courses and employment? Have these new fi ltering tools been THE SOCIETY graduates in recent times does not seem to have tested on existing staff with proven achievement helped employers, who regularly report a shortage records? My scepticism is reinforced by having CANNOT WAVE of appropriately skilled recruits (not exclusively this year met a number of young people who have A MAGIC graduates, of course). The idea of employers being been turned down by our industry as a result of WAND BUT TO the ‘customers’ of universities was perhaps never these tests, despite decent academic qualifi cations strongly rooted but it is clear that students have and/or CVs which even include the Society’s own CHALLENGE now attained that status. The fi nancial commitment Schools Build-a-Plane Challenge. Moreover, if these THESE TRENDS to higher education has shifted from the state to assessments really are effective, then surely they AND TO ENGAGE the individual, while the sponsorship of students should be used before aspiring engineers invest OUR MANY by industry, which could have eased this burden, is £40k in higher education? no longer common. The cost of academic failure is The Society cannot wave a magic wand but to EMPLOYER thus deemed unacceptable: universities’ teaching challenge these trends and to engage our many MEMBERS IN quality is increasingly being measured by graduation employer members in this debate is entirely within our THIS DEBATE IS rates, while student surveys have moved on from remit. My hope is that our community can also provide ENTIRELY WITHIN questions about teaching quality and levels of more support to universities and other educators in academic support to whether marking is fair and shaping the competence and commitment of the next OUR REMIT whether assessments are transparent (just like that generation of aerospace professionals.

42 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 OUR CHIEF EXECUTIVE

Simon C Luxmoore With a growing number of our Corporate of these and many other Society events via Partners operating in the Business Aviation www.aerosociety.com/podcasts. sector, we will be hosting a networking Following another successful year in 2016 event on 25 April to bring together industry, (operations fi nishing the year with a surplus of the regulators, media and government £139.5k) the Society was able to make another representatives where a panel of experts will payment of £500k to pay down the Mortgage discuss the opportunities, economic benefi ts on No.4 Hamilton Place; by the end of 2017 the and challenges to overcome. Book your place outstanding loan will be below £2m. online www.aerosociety.com/BizAv The AeroChallenge 2017 quiz organised by the The Society’ Council Election opened on 23 Young Persons Committee was a great success February and will remain open until 9am (BST) on and attracted 60 young members to Hamilton 11 May. I was pleased to see that voting turnout Place on Wednesday 15 February. The diverse has increased since 2014 which was 19.4% mix of teams represented in the competition to 21.6% in 2016 and hope to see an increase included: Rolls-Royce; QinetiQ; Marshalls; Martin- in this year’s voting. This is your opportunity to Baker; Imperial College; Queen Mary University; have your say on who represents your Society on University of Hertfordshire; University of Leeds Council and I encourage you to cast your vote. and Buckingham New University. Congratulations If you have not received your email on voting, to all teams for demonstrating such an then please contact mi-voice on +44 (0)2380 outstanding level of aeronautical knowledge 763987 or via email on [email protected] throughout the day. The victors, Rolls-Royce, I encourage members to attend the 152nd duly took home the coveted AeroChallenge AGM which will take place at 6pm on 11 May. Trophy which, this year, was kindly sponsored and To register your attendance to this event please presented by Magnesium Elektron. book on our website at www.aerosociety.com/ Thank you to all who have renewed their events-calendar/raes-annual-general-meeting. membership with the Society for 2017. I regret THIS IS YOUR The Finance and Audit Committee held its that at this stage of the year, in line with our OPPORTUNITY fi rst joint meeting in February which was both By-Laws, we are lapsing unpaid members informative and helpful. Both Chairs of the from the Society’s Membership Roll and the TO HAVE YOUR respective committees agreed that this should Engineering Council Register if applicable. SAY ON WHO continue in ensuring open communications Lapsed members will no longer have access to REPRESENTS going forward. their membership benefi ts, will not be eligible YOUR SOCIETY After success releasing archive recordings of to vote in our upcoming AGM and will no longer Society lectures on Sir George Cayley and the be able to use the Society’s post-nominals ON COUNCIL Fairey Delta 2 record, the National Aerospace letters after their name. Reinstatement into AND I Library has started to release the fi rst of a series membership, following removal from the Roll, ENCOURAGE YOU of interviews with some of the key fi gures in may incur an administration fee, so I’d urge any TO CAST YOUR mid-20th century aeronautics. The fi rst selection unpaid members to contact the Subscriptions includes American test pilots Al White, Dick Team to renew on +44 (0)20 7670 4304/15 or VOTE Johnson and Pete Knight. Listen to recordings at [email protected]

2017 RAeS COUNCIL ELECTIONS HAVE YOU VOTED IN THE RAeS COUNCIL ELECTION 2017 YET?

Thank you The Royal Aeronautical Society Council Election our election provider, mi-voice, on +44 (0)2380 2017 opened for voting on 23 February 2017. 763987 (we would advise you check your email for taking the All voting members who have an email address account’s junk folder, in case your email settings time to vote registered with the Society will have received an determine this email as being spam). in the 2017 email notice enabling you to vote. If you believe RAeS Council that you are a voting member but did not receive Please note that voting will close at 9am on an email, or you do not have a valid email address Thursday, 11 May 2017. Elections registered with the Society, then please contact

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 43 Afterburner Book Reviews ADVANCED AIRSHIP TECHNOLOGIES AND DESIGN APPROACHES

Learning from Past Operational also likely to see them emerge as a powerful class of aircraft within the aerospace industry, so by reading and Design Lessons to Seek this book this should help towards a more informed a More Assured Path to industry prepared for the airship revolution over the coming years. Practicable Gas Buoyant Air Mr Hunt’s background is a former British Royal Vehicles Navy Air Engineer who subsequently worked on By P V Hunt the US Government’s DARPA’s Walrus airship as a programme manager. Walrus was DARPA’s programme to try and ultimately develop a 500ton American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, lifting airship capable of a range of 12,000nm with 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VTOL and the book is distinctly informed by learnings VA 20191-4344, USA. 2015. Distributed by and issues on that programme. Transatlantic Publishers Group, 97 Greenham Airlander 10 in fl ight. Hybrid Air Vehicles. Following an initial short couple of chapters on Road, London N10 1LN, UK. 224pp. Illustrated. airship background which is a high-level summary £52. [20% discount available to RAeS members on of the different types that there have been, the request; E [email protected] T +44 (0)20 bulk of the book focuses on current airship design 8815 5994] ISBN 978-1-62410-351-3. challenges. There are short sections on areas such as ballasting, buoyancy control, trim and pitch control, Philip Hunt’s book is a much-needed addition to survivability and weather issues. These are all useful the airship library. There are many books that cover summaries of where the industry as a whole has got, the intricacies of the Golden Age of airships in the though often with the conclusion that more research 1920s and 1930s from an historical, technical and needs to be undertaken (some of which has been but even social and economic perspective. There are a is commercially protected by the companies at the few books that cover the modern-day engineering forefront of any particular technology). specifi cs for the graduate engineering professional. As befi ts the author’s background, the book But there is a dearth of books that explain the concludes with an extensive section on the challenges of designing modern-day airships to the programme challenges of developing new LTA aircraft educated layman. Hunt’s book does exactly this. and suggestions for some ways of looking at the With a burgeoning industry and many companies specifi c issues regarding estimating timescales for in many different countries designing different types entirely new classes of aircraft. The book wraps up of new generation lighter-than-air craft, this book There are with a clear message to (the US) Government about sweeps through the entire spectrum, whether high the support needed to co-ordinate the different altitude (stratospheric), heavy lift, long endurance rigid, short sections approaches to maximise benefi t strategically. non-rigid or hybrids. It summarises the designs, the on areas such It is diffi cult to cover an entire new industry in advantages and disadvantages and likely capabilities as ballasting, one thin volume and this book does a reasonable job of each type of craft and surveys the work that still buoyancy but not without some problems. Some key areas get needs to be undertaken to commercialise these scant attention and there are a number of sections aircraft types. control, trim and in the book where the reader is left wanting more It is a very timely volume in that regard. As the pitch control, information (but that’s maybe no bad thing). The book introduction states: “The present cost of fuel is having survivability is entirely in US imperial units which can be a little an immense impact on the carriage of air cargo and irksome to anyone in the rest of the world that relates passengers. Around 50% of airline budgets are now and weather more easily to metric units. spent on fuel. However, looking forward to the next issues. These With a number of independent market studies 20 years, aircraft makers anticipate delivering around are all useful calculating there is a market for between 500 and 31,000 new aircraft to airlines. The economic growth summaries 1,000 hybrid airships alone in the coming years, the and aspirations of the burgeoning East place new area of airships is going to be more of interest to the demands on the global oil supply. If ever there was of where the entire aviation industry and this book is an excellent a need for a transformational aviation technology industry as start to getting a fuller understanding of it. to ease the demand on fuel, it is with us now. The a whole has challenge is how to carry more cargo for less fuel got, though Chris Daniels used and ipso facto, at lower cost?” Head of Partnerships and Communications I would add that, with the cost-effectiveness of often with the Hybrid Air Vehicles CAD designing and CFD modelling by computer, conclusion that together with a huge range of new strong and more research For further information about the National Aerospace lightweight materials, this is a new golden age of needs to be Library contact: development of lighter-than-air technology. The green T +44 (0)1252 701038 or 701060 aspects and endurance capabilities of airships are undertaken E [email protected]

44 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 FACING THE UNEXPECTED IN FLIGHT

Human Limitations and Interaction with Technology in the Cockpit By J Pinet

CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL, 33487-2742, USA. 2015. Distributed by Taylor & Francis Group, 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RN, UK. 233pp. Illustrated. £63.99. [20% discount available to RAeS members via www.crcpress.com using AKQ07 promotion code]. ISBN 978-1-498-71871-4.

The aim of this book is to try and understand human behaviour in unexpected, time critical and stressful situations to inform better cockpit design and automation processes. The aim is exciting, topical and ambitious, as there has been a recent focus in human factors on concepts such as startle and developing resilience. The author makes a valiant attempt at analysing and explaining complex, dynamic and inconsistent behaviour through Airbus provides its electronic fl ight bag (EFB) performance-calculating applications for pilots on the use of a novel cognitive method that he has iPad. Airbus. developed. Unfortunately, the book does not achieve the aim, primarily because the model itself is far too complicated, ill-defi ned and under-researched, I would have expected these ideas to be written in an academic style that is often laborious examined in more detail using the current research and repetitive. available from cognitive psychology, such as What I did like is the use of detailed case Broadbent or Treisman’s theories on attention studies to explain the model and the use of and perception, or Kahneman and Klein’s work experienced pilots, whom the author calls super on judgement. Furthermore, the book drifts away experts, to analyse the various incidents. The case from the implications for design and there is studies try hard to describe how the various parts of little reference to developments in neuroscience the model infl uenced the actions of the crews and Perhaps the especially in relation to cognitive impairment under even though they are littered with assumptions, they stress. are helpful in gaining insight into how pilots behave most useful Although, I cannot recommend the book itself, in stressful situations. conclusion to the author does make many valid points as a result The book begins by explaining the cognitive be gained from of his research and his suggestions are valuable. model using a plethora of terms that are neither fully the book is a Some gems are that alarms that are seen out distinct nor clear. He begins with explaining mental of context are rejected; that under stress pilots models and mental model patterns, which are recognition require a simple presentation of key data; and that ‘framework scenarios’ based on experience, that are that the issue monitoring is an essential role that must not be accessed from either long term or working memory. of startle undermined by too many pilot not fl ying tasks. There These mental models are used by seven operational is also a section of the book on the seven systems agents, which manage various fl ying tasks and up does exist, is of fl ight that is interesting and another that helpfully to 12 arbitrary cognitive functions, which transfer serious and reviews the various psychological theories used in tasks into actions. These conscious actions are that regulators the method. driven by an operational process, which is served and operators Perhaps the most useful conclusion to be by one principal agent that is involved in perception gained from the book is a recognition that the issue and management and by another concerned with should ensure of startle does exist, is serious and that regulators monitoring and detecting anomalies. Although that solutions and operators should ensure that solutions are there is a diagram piecing this altogether, he further are found to found to manage it appropriately. attempts to simplify and summarise the model by manage it describing several levels of cognitive functions Carey Edwards together with four operational management levels. appropriately FRAeS

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 45 Afterburner Book Reviews STRIKING THE HORNETS’ NEST

Naval Aviation and the Origins 100th Aero Squadron and Britain and France to gain knowledge on how the its Dayton-Wright DH-4s, air campaign is being fought. At the same time, and of Strategic Bombing in World Ourches Aerodrome, France, November 1918. US Army. usually against regulations, some of them gained War I practical experience of combat in RNAS machines. By G L Rossano and In common with many WW1 histories on air power, this volume contains the mix of pioneering T Wildenberg and the huge logistical challenges involved in getting men and materiel from as far away as Naval Institute Press, 291 Wood Road, Annapolis, California across to the theatre of battle. It also MD 21402, USA. 2015. Distributed by Eurospan catalogues the frustration in not having the right Group, 3 Henrietta Street, London WC2E 8LU, UK. kit in the right place; furthermore, the aircraft that 293pp. Illustrated. £39.50. ISBN 978-1-61251- In common they did have were not up to the job. As far as the 391-1. Northern Bombing Group was concerned much with many of its effort had to be expended in fl ying with, and It is tempting to suggest that the existing literature WW1 histories servicing alongside, RAF squadrons. As the authors on the origins of strategic bombing has covered all on air power, state, this experience was not all in vain, as it did of the bases and that, short of the discovery of new this volume provide substance to the US Marine Corps aviation archival evidence, there is nothing new to say. But in capability. Unfortunately for the US Navy, their military history, as in the wider historical discipline, contains the mix ‘fi rst on the scene’ venture into strategic bombing there are always going to be new perspectives of pioneering petered out, leaving the stage eventually to the RAF and particular niches to explore. Rossano and and the huge and USAAF. Wildenberg, both distinguished American naval Overall, this is a timely book and certainly aviation scholars, have identifi ed one of these logistical adds to the historiography of British and American niches and produced an authoritative account of challenges aviation. It is well written, has an excellent selection the US Navy’s Northern Bombing Group and its involved in of supporting photographs and is immaculately contribution to the offensive against the German getting men and researched. Some readers may discern a slight U-Boat campaign in WW1. preference for a naval interpretation of events The narrative begins, almost inevitably, with materiel from but that is not necessarily a bad thing! Defi nitely Churchill and the RNAS’ efforts to neutralise the as far away as recommended reading. German Zeppelin threat at source – in their immense California across sheds. The story then gathers pace and direction to the theatre of Dr Peter Gray as it chronicles the fi rst tentative steps as American FRAeS pilots from the USN and the Marine Corps visit battle University of Birmingham

46 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 Society News BOOKS

AERODYNAMICS Crashes since 1950 – Sixth Helion & Company Limited, code]. ISBN 978-0-8032- ‘Characterizing the Effects of edition. D Gero. The History 26 Willow Road, Solihull B91 6283-6. Low Order Perturbations on Annual Review of Fluid Press, The Mill, Brimscombe 1UE, UK. 2017. Distributed by Published posthumously, Geodetic Satellite Precision Mechanics Vol 49, 2017. Port, Stroud, Gloucestershire Casemate, 10 Hythe Bridge the rediscovered memoirs of Orbit Determination’,’ Edited by S H Davis and P GL5 2QG, UK. 2017. 424pp. Street, Oxford OX1 2EW, UK. an Apollo 7 astronaut recalling Semi-Analytical Spacecraft Moin. Annual Reviews, 4139 Illustrated. £25. ISBN 978-0- 72pp. Illustrated. £19.95. ISBN fi rst-hand his experiences of Dynamics around Planetary El Camino Way, Palo Alto, CA 7509-6633-7. 978-1-911096-02-3. NASA astronaut selection, Moons’, ‘Orbit and Attitude 94306, USA. 2075. 649pp. A revised and updated A detailed history of the the tragic Apollo 1 Command Stability Criteria of Solar Sail Illustrated. $107. ISBN 978-0- edition of this informative failed attempt to overthrow Module fi re (which caused on the Displaced Orbit’, ‘SEP 8243-0747-3. chronologically arranged the government in Cuba the deaths of Lt Col Virgil Ivan Mission Design Space for ‘The Life and Work of compilation of analytical of Fidel Castro Ruz, which ‘Gus’ Grissom, Lt Col Edward Mars Orbiters’, ‘The Europa William C Reynolds (1933- summaries of all major had been planned by the Higgins White II and Lt Cdr Mission’, ‘Searching for More 2004)’, ‘Infl ow Turbulence commercial aviation accidents US government through the Roger Bruce Chaffee) and the Stable Perturbed Orbits Generation Methods’, that involved over 60 fatalities Central Intelligence Agency fl ight of Apollo 7 in detail – the around the Earth’, ‘Lyapunov ‘Incompressible Rayleigh- that have occurred during (CIA), and the decisive role programme’s fi rst manned Based Attitude Constrained Taylor Turbulence’, ‘Anisotropic 1950-2015. played by the air operations mission – in the company Control of a Spacecraft’, Particles in Turbulence’, of the newly created Fuerza of fellow astronauts Walt ‘Analysis of Attitude Dynamics ‘Combustion and Engine-Core Aerea Revolucionaria. Cunningham and Wally Schirra. of Spinning Satellites in an Noise’, ‘Flow Structure and Elliptical Orbit’, ‘Nonlinear Turbulence in Wind Farms’, Tracking Attitude Control of ‘Uncertainty Quantifi cation in Spacecraft on Time Dependent Aeroelasticity’ and ‘Physics and Trajectories’, ‘Power Star: a Measurement of Aero-Optical New Approach to Space Solar Effects: Past and Present’ are Power’, ‘Agility Envelopes for among the subjects discussed Reaction Wheel Spacecraft’, in the latest enlarged-format ‘Solar Sail Spacecraft Boom volume in this informative Vibration during Deployment series reviewing developments and Damping Mechanisms’, in fl uid dynamics research and ‘LISA Pathfi nder’, ‘Multi- applications. Objective Hybrid Optimal Control for Multiple-Flyby AVIONICS AND SYSTEMS Interplanetary Mission Design using Chemical Propulsion’, Polish Aircraft (1939) ‘Trajectory Optimization for Instrument Panels. Low-Thrust Multiple Asteroids D Karnas. Published by Gear Up, Mishaps Down: Satellite: Innovation in Rendezvous Mission’, ‘Mission Stratus, Poland, on behalf of the Evolution of Naval Orbit. D Millard. Reaktion Analysis for a Human Mushroom Model Publications, Aviation Safety, 1950-2000. Wings for the Fleet: Books Ltd, Unit 32, Waterside, Exploration Infrastructure in 3 Gloucester Close, R F Dunn. Naval Institute a Narrative of Naval 44-48 Wharf Road, London the Earth-Moon System and Petersfi eld, Hants GU32 3AX, Press, 291 Wood Road, Aviation’s Early N1 7UX, UK. 2017. 206pp. Beyond’, ‘Targeting the Martian UK. (www.mmpbooks.biz). Annapolis, MD 21402, USA. Development, 1910-1916. Illustrated. £16. ISBN 978-1- Moons Via Direct Insertion 2017. 36pp. Illustrated. £15. 2017. Distributed by Eurospan G van Deurs. Naval Institute 78023-659-9. into Mars’ Orbit’, ‘Solar Sail ISBN 978-83-65281-40-1. Group, 3 Henrietta Street, Press, 291 Wood Road, Published in association Transfers from Earth to the A compilation of London WC2E 8LU, UK. Annapolis, MD 21402, USA. with the Science Museum, Lunar Vicinity in the Circular detailed colour diagrams 204pp. Illustrated. £30.50. 2016. Distributed by Eurospan over 125 colour and black- Restricted Problem’, ‘Design, and photographs of the ISBN 978-1-68247-005-3. Group, 3 Henrietta Street, and-white photographs Implementation, and Outcome various cockpit instrument London WC2E 8LU, UK. illustrate this concise history of Messenger’s Trajectory from panel designs (including the SERVICE AVIATION 175pp. Illustrated. £42. ISBN of the development of artifi cial Launch to Mercury Impact’, ‘A individual instruments) of 978-1-59114-590-5. satellites from the early Massively Parallel Bayesian the PZL P.11c/PZL.37 Los/ Beardmore Built – HMS Originally published in visionaries (including K E Approach to Planetary PZL.23 Karas, Lublin R-XIII G, Argus 1914 to 1947. 1966, a welcome new 50th Tsiolkovsky, R H Goddard and Protection Trajectory Analysis RWD-14 Czapla and PWS-26. C E MacKay. Distributed by anniversary paperback edition Hermann Oberth) and the early and Design’, ‘Rosetta: Imaging A MacKay (Publisher) Ltd, of this well-illustrated detailed Sputnik launches through to Tools, Practical Challenges HISTORICAL 87 Knightscliffe Avenue, history of the formative years the ever-widening applications and Evolution of Optical Netherton, Glasgow G13 of American naval aviation, of satellites today in GPS Navigation Around a Comet’, Axis Suicide Squads: 2RX, UK (E charlese87@ the concluding appendices navigation, communications, ‘Towing Asteroids with Gravity German and Japanese btinternet.com). 2017. 175pp. recording the fi rst US 34 naval remote sensing and weather Tractors Enhanced by Tethers Secret Projects of the Illustrated. £10.25. ISBN 978- aviators and technical data forecasting. and Solar Sails’, ‘Planetary Second World War. J 0-9573443-5-8. summaries of the aircraft they Defense Mission Applications Miranda. Fonthill Media Beginning with a review of fl ew (Curtiss A-1/A-2/C- SYMPOSIA of Heavy-Lift Launch Vehicles’, Limited, Millview House, the early days of naval aviation, 1/N-9, Wright B-1, US Navy ‘The European Asteroid Impact Toadsmoor Road, Stroud a detailed well-illustrated B-2, Burgess Co and Curtiss Astrodynamics 2015: Mission’, ‘Trending in Probability GL5 2TB, UK. 2017. 224pp. history of the world’s fi rst fl at- D-1). Proceedings of the AAS/ of Collision Measurements and Illustrated. £30. ISBN 978-1- top aircraft carrier constructed AIAA Astrodynamics Observability of Space Debris 78155-565-1. by William Beardmore & Co SPACE Specialist Conference Objects’ and ‘Hyperbolic Illustrated by 125 of Ltd at the Dalmuir Naval held 9-13 August 2015, Rendezvous at Mars’ are the author’s line drawings, a Construction Works on the hull Apollo Pilot: the Memoir Vail, Colorado. (4 vols + among the subjects discussed detailed study of the numerous of an Italian liner Conte Rosso. of Astronaut Donn Eisele. CD-ROM). Advances in the over the 254 papers presented German and Japanese Launched in 1918, HMS Argus University of Nebraska Press, Astronautical Sciences Vol at this proceedings. proposed ramming fi ghter was subsequently to become 1111 Lincoln Mall, Lincoln 156. Edited by M Majii et and suicide bomber aircraft during WW2 the Royal Navy’s NE 68588-0630, USA. 2017. al. Univelt, PO Box 28130, designs to be deployed in principal deck landing training Distributed by Combined San Diego, CA 92198, USA. kamikaze and Sturmjager carrier, playing a signifi cant Academic Publishers Ltd, 2016. 4480pp + CD-ROM. For further information attacks as desperate measures role in Operation Torch – the Windsor House, Illustrated. $790. ISBN 978-0- contact the National to counter the Allied advance. 1942 Allied invasion of French Road, Harrogate HG1 2PW, 87703-629-6. Aerospace Library. North Africa. UK. 163pp. Illustrated. £20.99. ‘Multiple Frame T +44 (0)1252 701038 SAFETY [25% discount available to Assignment Space Tracker or 701060 Playa Giron: the Cuban RAeS members via www. (MFAST)’, ‘Effi cient Trajectory Aviation Disasters: the Exiles’ Invasion at the combinedacademic.co.uk using Propagation for Orbit E hublibrary@aerosoci- World’s Major Civil Airliner Bay of Pigs 1961. S Rivas. CS314FLIGHT promotion Determination Problems’, ety.com

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 47 Afterburner Society News 151st AGM MINUTES OF THE 151st ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Royal Aeronautical Society

The 151st Annual General Meeting of the Royal had appeared in the April 2016 edition of AEROSPACE Aeronautical Society was held in the Lecture Theatre and on the website. at No.4 Hamilton Place, London, on Thursday, 12 May Apologies for absence were noted from: Mr Robert 2016. Savidge, Mr Christian Müller, Mr John Vincent, Mr David The following voting members were present: Lang, Mr Ian Middleton, Mr Robin Stanier, Ms Stevie Mr Martin Broadhurst (President), AVM David Couzens, Green, Mr Keith Cobley, Mr Colin Sirett , Sir Neville Mr Phil Boyle, Sir Donald Spiers, Sir Colin Terry, Air Trotter, Mr Paul Bailey, Prof John Allen, Mr Nick Floyer, Cdre Bill Tyack, Dr Graham Coleman, Prof Chris Atkin, AVM John Porter, Capt Chris Hodgkinson, Mr Giovanni ACM Sir Stephen Dalton, Sir Peter Norriss, Capt David Bisignani, AM Sir John Walker, Cdr Martyn Bolus, Mr Rowland, Mr Ross Barkla, Mr Gordon McCoombe, Dr Geoffrey Howell, Mr Mike Carrivick, Mr Gordon Page, Dr Mike Steeden, Mr Keith Mans, Dr John Green, Mrs Oliver Lewis, Dr Alisdair Wood, Dr Alessandra Badino, Jenny Body, Mr Peter Barrett, Mr Lee Balthazor, Mr Mr Roland Fairfi eld, Prof David Ian Poll, Mr Stewart Simon Luxmoore, Mr Chris Male, Mr Bill Read, Mr John, Sir Charles Masefi eld and Mr Martin Renshaw. Scott Phillips, Prof Keith Hayward, Lt Cdr Richard Gearing, Ms Hilary Barton, Mr Jeremy Graham, Ms To receive and consider the Minutes of the Jane Middleton, Dr Kit Mitchell, Mr Philip Spiers, Capt 150th Annual General Meeting held on 19 May John Faulkner, Mr Graham Jolley, Prof Jan Davies, Ms 2015 (agenda item 2) Sarah Moynihan, Mrs Joanne Lindsay, Prof Jonathan Cooper, Dr Francesca De Florio, Mr Tim Coffey, Mr The President invited the meeting to consider the Antony Heaps, Wg Cdr Rodney Powell, Mr Robert minutes of the 150th AGM held on 19 May 2015. Lawson, Capt Tilmann Gabriel, Mr Anthony Henley, Mr The Minutes of the 2015 AGM were accepted as Howard Wheeldon, Mr Peter Brooks, Mr Christopher a true and accurate record, as proposed by Capt Hugh Walkinshaw, Ms Zoe Layden, Capt Hugh Dibley, Sir Dibley and seconded by Air Cdre Bill Tyack. John O’Reilly, Capt Francis Freeman, Prof Richard Parker and Ms Ingrid Lagarrigue. To receive and consider the Audited Accounts The following non-voting members were present: and the Report of the Board of Trustees on Mr Ronald Carr, Dr Thurai Rahulan, Mr Hongming Li, the state of the Society for the year ending 31 Miss Valeriya Mordvinova and Mr Sam Harrison. December 2015 (agenda item 3) The following non-members were present: Mr Patrick Slomski (Honorary Solicitor), Ms Beth The President invited the meeting to receive and Hargreaves (Governance Manager) and Ms Jessica Tee deliberate upon the 2015 Annual Report and Accounts. (minutes). The President invited Ms Middleton, Chairman of the Finance Committee, to highlight the key points of the To read the Notice convening the Meeting report. (agenda item 1) Ms Middleton reported that the Society’s operational income at year-end was just over £4 The President, Mr Martin Broadhurst, took the chair million, which was slightly less than the previous year and welcomed everyone to the 151st Annual General partly due to the reduced conference programme. Meeting of the Royal Aeronautical Society. Of the £4 million just under £2 million was from The papers circulated before the meeting were membership fees which had increased by 2.5%. The identifi ed by the President as being the Calling Notice major successes for the year were the 11% increase and Agenda, the minutes of the 2015 Annual General in Corporate Member income and the 15% increase in Meeting, the 2015 Annual Report and Accounts and revenue from Venue Hire. The 2015 expenditure was the 2015 Annual Review. £3.93 million which was down 2%, giving a surplus of The Chief Executive, Mr Luxmoore, confi rmed that £76,000. The Society has a strong balance sheet with there was a quorum and read the Calling Notice, which £2.6 million invested in funds with JM Finn, and £2.6

48 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 million cash invested in the bank. The President congratulated those elected and invited The President invited questions in relation to the those present to give a round of applause. He thanked Annual Report and Accounts. The meeting agreed nem the other candidates for standing and encouraged them con to receive 2015 Annual Report and Accounts, as to stand again. proposed by Sir Colin Terry and seconded by Prof Keith The President also thanked the retiring members of Hayward. Council:

To appoint the Auditors for the year 2016 (agenda Mr Lee Russell Balthazor item 4) Mrs Joanne Lindsay Lt Lara Small Ms Middleton noted that haysmacintyre had been Air Cdre Bill Tyack reappointed as the Society’s Auditors in 2015, for three years at a fi xed fee and a new audit partner has been To receive the names of those appointed to the appointed to work on the Society’s accounts from 2016. Board of Trustees (agenda item 5b) The President gave thanks to haysmacintyre for their support in 2015 and invited questions and The meeting received the names of the Board of comments. Trustees: The President-Elect, Prof Chris Atkin proposed that haysmacintyre be reappointed for the 2016 accounts, Professor Chris Atkin Air Cdre Bill Tyack seconded the proposal which was Phil Boyle agreed nem con by the meeting. Martin Broadhurst Joanne Lindsay To receive the names of those newly elected to Sir John O’Reilly Council for the years 2016-2019 (agenda item 5a) Jane Middleton Dr Thurai Rahulan The President announced the results of the Council Howard Wheeldon ballot and the votes received by each candidate in Air Cdre Bill Tyack numerical order: The President noted that Mrs Joanne Lindsay and Number of Voting papers dispatched 8,352 Air Cdre Bill Tyack will remain Trustees of the Society Number of Voting papers returned 1,801 under By-Law 6.5 until the fi rst meeting of the new year Turnout Total 21.6% of the Council.

Candidate’s Name Number of Votes Close of Meeting Dr Alisdair James Wood 985 Professor Jonathan Edward Cooper 912 The President thanked everyone for their support during Mrs Brenda Crawford 872 the past year and congratulated Prof Atkin on becoming Professor Richard Parker 848 President for the 2016-2017 year. Dr Francesca De Florio 843 It was noted that Sir Stephen Dalton has been Miss Kerissa Shervanda Khan 723 elected President-Elect for 2016-2017 year. Mrs Adele Gammarano 701 Mr Martin Broadhurst formally handed over the Mrs Joanne Lindsay 691 Presidency of the Society to Prof Chris Atkin and closed Captain David Charles Rowland 683 the AGM. Mr Lee Russell Balthazor 634 In taking over the Presidency, Prof Atkin thanked Mr Martin Renshaw 566 Mr Martin Broadhurst for a fantastic year as President Dr Robert Winn 484 and for all his hard work towards the 150th anniversary Captain John Faulkner 448 events. The President announced that, in accordance with Prof Atkin then presented Mr Broadhurst with a the Society’s By-Laws, the following have been duly medal in acknowledgment of his Presidency and a silver elected to serve on Council for the three years 2016- gilt broach for Mrs Broadhurst, his wife, who was not 2019, in alphabetical order: present at the meeting. Prof Atkin noted that it is a tremendous honour to Professor Jonathan Edward Cooper become President of the Royal Aeronautical Society. Mrs Brenda Crawford He is very much looking forward to getting involved Dr Francesca De Florio in the 150th anniversary events and refl ecting on the Miss Kerissa Shervanda Khan enthusiasm and hard work put in 2017. Professor Richard Parker The President thanked the members present for Dr Alisdair James Wood attending the meeting.

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 49 Afterburner Society News YEOVIL BRANCH ‘Biggest and best’

On Thursday, 8 December 2016, the Royal Aeronautical Society Yeovil Branch and Leonardo Helicopters UK held the world’s largest Cool Aeronautics STEM event at the Museum (FAAM). Planning for the day started in December 2015 after the RAeS Yeovil Branch was asked if they would be able to run a STEM event in 2016 as part of meeting the overall RAeS target; engaging with 150 schools across the year to celebrate their 150th anniversary. Coincidentally, this year also marked the 90th anniversary of the Yeovil Branch, so to jointly celebrate these milestones it was proposed to organise an event that would cater for at least 150 pupils from nine different local Yeovil Right: Paper planes are put schools to inspire the next generation into a career through their paces in the Fleet Air Arm Museum. within aerospace. The day started with all the students taking part in an interactive talk called ‘Team Tim’, which was based on Tim Peake and his work with the UK Space Agency and delivered by SpaceFund, a UK-based company that gives inspirational talks around the world on the subject of space. Pupils then participated in two different aerospace activities (named ‘Space Drop’ and ‘Paper Planes’), designed and run by Leonardo employees to teach the children the fundamentals of maths, physics and aerodynamics. In conjunction with this, a number of small presentations from inspirational people within Statistics and fi gures about the day: the aerospace industry took place across the day, 151 pupils in attendance to give the pupils a small insight into what being an Nine primary schools present representing 13% engineer means, and the various career routes open of the total RAeS primary schools engaged with to the students. The end of the day was marked with for the year a prize-winning ceremony for the winning teams and 50 volunteers from Leonardo Helicopters, the individuals from the two activities, after which the Airbus Group, the MoD and Bristol University pupils were arranged into formation for the RAeS 18 teaching staff 150th anniversary photo. Four activities based on the KS2 core syllabus All of the pupils that attended were aged 10-11 for maths, science and english and in Year 6 from the following local Yeovil schools: The lead co-ordinator of the day, Daniel Young Ilchester Community School, Barwick and Stoford from the Yeovil Branch committee, expressed his Primary School, All Saints Church of England gratitude to all who attended the event, saying: “The Primary School, Chilthorne Domer Church School, amount of energy and passion shown by all of the Bradford Abbas CEVC Primary School, Preston volunteers and teaching staff far exceeded any Church of England Primary School, St Michael’s THE AMOUNT expectations I had for the day, and was refl ected Academy, Birchfi eld Community Primary School, and OF ENERGY AND in the genuine excitement and enthusiasm of the Milford Junior School. pupils present which were equally split between The RAeS Careers and Outreach Offi cer who PASSION SHOWN boys and girls. Everyone who attended thoroughly attended, Jonathan Axford, passed along both his BY ALL OF THE enjoyed the whole experience.” and the Society’s thanks to the ‘excellent team of VOLUNTEERS Due to the overwhelming success of the day, volunteers’ involved on the day, calling it one of the the museum and the RAeS plan to make the Yeovil ‘biggest and best’ Cool Aeronautics events he has AND TEACHING Branch Cool Aeronautics day an annual event, attended. The previous largest Cool Aeronautics STAFF FAR so that they can continue to educate the next event was held No.4 Hamilton Place (RAeS HQ) EXCEEDED ANY generation on the world of aerospace. in London, which was attended by 120 pupils from three different schools. EXPECTATIONS Daniel Young

50 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 152nd Annual General Meeting of the Royal Aeronautical Society

The 152nd Annual General Meeting of the Royal Aeronautical Society incorporating the Institution of Aeronautical Engineers, the Helicopter Association of Great Britain and the Society of Licensed Aircraft Engineers and Technologists will be held on Thursday, 11 May 2017, at 1800 hours at the Registered offi ce of the Society, No.4 Hamilton Place, London W1J 7BQ, UK.

The business of the AGM: 1. To receive and consider the Minutes of the 151st Annual General Meeting held on 12 May 2016. 2. To receive and consider the Minutes of the Special General Meeting held on 12 May 2016. 3. To receive and consider the Audited Accounts and Report of the Board of Trustees on the state of the Society for the year ending 31 December 2016. 4. To appoint the auditors for the year 2017. 5. To receive the names of those appointed to the Board of Trustees and those newly-elected to the Council for the years 2017-2020.

To register your attendance to the 152nd AGM please visit our website on: www.aerosociety.com/events-calendar/raes-annual-general-meeting

The next closing date for you to submit your membership application is 9 May

Demonstrate your dedication and skill We strive to provide you with support towards your professional development throughout your entire career. Upgrading will also give you access to a new post-nominal which is instantly recognisable in industry. Professional Registration Support for engineers working towards professional registration, an internationally recognised qualification and essential requirement for commercially aware engineers showing dedication, skill and competence. Apply online now: www.aerosociety.com/login or find out more: [email protected] +44 (0)20 7670 4384/4400

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 51 Afterburner Society News NATIONAL AEROSPACE LIBRARY Renewing the vision: what NAL users and members have said

A Library and Heritage Working Group has been answers to today’s problems. We have also placed working to create a new vision for the National digital copies of 14 of our most precious items onto Aerospace Library. To inform deliberations, the www.AeroSocietyHeritage.com, with more to group commissioned a survey to canvas users and follow during 2017. potential users. 200 responses were received from three different surveys targeted at users, readers of There were strongly held opinions that that the library the RAeS daily newsletter and members of RAeS should provide a mix of contemporary and historical Committees and Boards. The results are in and have material. highlighted a number of themes: Last year we catalogued 130 modern books and 90% of those who responded to the survey thought indexed 388 articles, with the vast majority on that it was essential or very important that the RAeS today’s aeronautical challenges. Details of our new gave access to e-books and e-journals. books are published in AEROSPACE plus in our Above: The National online library catalogue available via Aerospace Library at www.aerosociety.com/nal Last summer we successfully placed a bid before Farnborough. . the RAeS Foundation to fund a pilot scheme that Below: The inside cover of Sir will give our members and visitors access to over George Cayley’s school book There was a near-unanimous agreement that a 100 current aero engineering e-books. Rolling out which dates back to 1780. primary role of the library is to act as guardians of the during 2017, members will be able to log into the This is held in the NAL and Society’s history, while a third of committee members may be viewed on the Library’s RAeS website from anywhere across the world heritage website along with had primarily used the library for RAeS activities. and use the books, while free student members many of Cayley’s notebooks. and visitors will be able to access them from the RAeS (NAL). The library is proud to be the fi rst place that people National Aerospace Library in Farnborough. turn to when they want information about the Society’s past. We regularly give details on members More users accessed the collection remotely than from years past and have been working with our visiting in person and members were more likely than volunteers to place details from the Society’s historic non-members to visit Farnborough. letters collection online. We have also worked with our volunteers to release two old RAeS lectures as It was not a surprise to fi nd out that more people podcasts and the RAeS Foundation have given us email [email protected] or phone +44 funding to do even more. (0)1252 701038, than walk through our doors. Our librarians answer enquiries from across the world, Any other comments? while users can search our online library catalogue to fi nd relevant material and, for a small fee, order Can we use our phones to take copies? We have scans of chapters and articles and, for subscribing introduced a new licence system where users can UK members, we can issue postal loans. Last year buy a £5 licence which enables them to use cameras the library started to sell licences, which enables and phones to take copies of library material. users to order copies which they can then use for commercial activities. Thank you: Comments gave praise to the quality of the staff and the advice they gave, the collections Current users were primarily looking for historic and the belief that the library was a key part of the material, with the largest group undertaking historic RAeS and its membership offering. research and just under half looking for historic answers to contemporary problems. What next?

With the Royal Aeronautical Society collecting The Library and Heritage Working Group will soon the cream of aeronautical publications for over be meeting to look at a draft vision and aims of the 150 years, it is perhaps not surprising that aero National Aerospace Library, together with reviewing historians fi nd gems on our shelves. Our collection a new collections policy, while Brian and Tony, the of over 50,000 technical reports and countless Society’s Librarians, will continue to help members journal articles are a key resource, enabling and non-members to fi nd the amazing material they aeronautical professionals to fi nd yesterday’s need.

52 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 NATIONAL AEROSPACE LIBRARY Sound Archive

The Douglas D-558-II Skyrocket dropped from a Boeing P2B-1S launch aircraft. NASA.

The National Aerospace Library has just released from 1953-1992 – are a mixture of lectures to a series of historic sound recordings of interviews the Society, speeches and interviews with leading with leading American test pilots Col W J ‘Pete’ aviation personalities and captains of industry Knight, R L ‘Dick’ Johnson and Al White which reveal (including Theodore von Kármán, Igor Sikorsky, Sir fascinating insights into the North American X-15/ George Edwards, Sir Barnes Wallis, Sir Frederick XB-70 and Republic XF-91 programmes among Handley Page, Sir Dermot Boyle and Sir Peter many others which can now be downloaded via the Masefi eld among others) and, in a number of cases, following website via the Royal Aeronautical Society’s are the only record we hold of a particular lecture. ‘Soundcloud’ service as they become available: A number of these lectures were organised www.aerosociety.com/Podcast by the Royal Aeronautical Society’s Historical The recordings are from a collection of Group Committee and are a valuable oral historical interviews conducted by the late Rodney Giesler record of many of the pioneers refl ecting on the (1931-2016) with a number of British and development of aviation during the 20th century. American aviation personalities (mainly test As a ‘taster’ of what is to follow, two of these pilots) during 1979-1999. These recordings have historic recordings are already available – the been edited by Library volunteer Mike Stanberry eminent early aviation historian Charles Gibbs-Smith Top: Chuck Yeager in the MRAeS, and will be released in stages via the discussing the work of the ‘Father of Aeronautics’ cockpit of the Bell X-1. On 14 Royal Aeronautical Society’s ‘Soundcloud’ site. The Sir George Cayley: www.aerosociety.com/ October 1947 Yeager become next batches will include interviews with Charles E news/podcast-sir-george-cayley and Peter the fi rst person to exceed the speed of sound. NASA. ‘Chuck’ Yeager, A Scott Crossfi eld, Emil Edward ‘Ted’ Twiss and others describing the development of the Second top: Scott Crossfi eld Sturmthal, Bill Humble and Peter Bugge. Fairey Delta 2 and the world air speed record of in a Douglas Skyrocket. In this In addition the Royal Aeronautical Foundation 1,132mph it achieved in 1956: www.aerosociety. aircraft in November 1953 has approved funding for 2017 to digitalise the com/news/podcast-fairey-delta-lecture he became the fi rst person to exceed Mach 2. NASA. Library’s entire historic sound archive (a mixture of The ‘highlights’ from the Library’s historic sound Third top: Pete Knight over 70 sound recordings of old Society lectures, archive will be made available to all to listen to alongside a X-15. On 3 interviews and speeches held on magnetic reel during 2017 via the Society’s ‘Soundcloud’ site. October 1967, Knight set a tapes, cassette tapes and gramophone records Please note that, if these recordings or extracts world aircraft speed record dating back to the 1940s) which is currently being from these recordings are to be reproduced for manned aircraft by piloting the X-15A-2 to Mach 6.72, a undertaken by the MAX company who worked on in any way (book, journal article, website etc), record that stands today. NASA. the Library’s heritage website launched in 2015 acknowledgement should be made to the ‘Royal Bottom: On 10 March 1956 (www.AeroSocietyHeritage.com) and previously Aeronautical Society (National Aerospace Library)’ Peter Twiss broke the World ‘highlights’ from the Library’s aviation posters and as being the source of the original. Speed Record in a Fairey FD2, raising it to 1,132mph, which early ballooning lithographs collection: For any enquiries about this material please thus became the fi rst aircraft www.aerosociety.com/printsandposters contact the librarians at Farnborough: to exceed 1,000mph in level These sound recordings – which mainly date E [email protected] fl ight. RAeS (NAL).

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 53 Afterburner Corporate Partners

NEW PARTNERS

The Royal Aeronautical Society would like to welcome the following Corporate Partners.

QFINSOFT (PTY) LTD 76 Sovereign Drive, Route 21 Corporate Park, Postnet Suite #274, Irene, Centurion, Elarduspark RESOURCE GROUP – AVIATION 0047, South Africa TECHNICAL TRAINING T +27 12 345 1917 K4 Hangar, Cotswolds Airport, Cirencester, E info@qfi nsoft.co.za Gloucestershire GL7 6BA, UK W www.qfi nsoft.co.za/ T +44 (0)1905 368500 Contact E [email protected] Danie de Kock W http://lrtt.co.uk/ Qfi nsoft (Pty) Ltd was founded in 1999 and Contact represents the combined expertise of a group of Georgina Neep, Marketing Director engineers with years of practical and consulting Resource Group’s Aviation Technical Training experience in computer aided engineering. These division is a UK CAA, EASA Part-147 Approved technical capabilities have led to the development Aviation Training Organisation. of several commercial products and engineering Established to provide high-quality and cost- software packages. Through Qfi nsoft’s effective aircraft maintenance training solutions, international network, we have partnered with we have trained thousands of individuals world-leading CAE companies to represent them from some of the world’s leading airlines and in South Africa. With these partnerships we maintenance organisations and collectively have distribute, train and support local users in the use over 300 years experience. of ANSYS and Rocky DEM software products.

SIMERA TECHNOLOGY GROUP (PTY) LTD Ou Paardevlei Road, Somerset West 7130, South Africa T +27 (0)21 852 6450 ENTUZIASMO LTD W www.simera.co.za Wilberforce House, Station Road, London Contact NW4 4QE, UK Johann du Toit, CEO T +33 7 84 32 32 47 E [email protected] Simera Technology Group is a mechanical and W www.entuziasmo.eu mechatronic engineering design and development Contact company servicing government, research, Frederic Gouze, Director and design and production industry sectors throughout all phases of the product development Entuziasmo helps aerospace industry purchasers in life cycle. Our experience, expertise and access to the supply chain operational management, acting THE AIM OF THE the latest technology, provide our clients the edge directly at subcontractors, all around the world. CORPORATE they require to stay ahead in today’s competitive With their multi-skills expertise and 360° vision, market. Entuziasmo Field Engineers can rapidly evaluate PARTNER Our engineering specialists will assist you and correct problematics which could put at risk an SCHEME IS TO with your most demanding design, analysis and assembly line supply. They organise and set up war BRING TOGETHER development tasks, following execution plans rooms to catch manufacturing or ramp up delays. optimally tailored to your particular project Electronics/foundry and forging/special ORGANISATIONS requirements. processes (shot blasting, painting)/plasma TO PROMOTE In addition to general engineering coating and heat treatment/CNC machining, BEST PRACTICE development support work, we specialise in broaching, cutting, grinding/balancing/sciences UAV and small satellite optical payload systems. of materials and metrology/contract management WITHIN THE Another keen interest is the optimisation of UAV and documentary quality process/manufacturing, INTERNATIONAL airframes to form optimised unmanned aerial charge capacities and ramp-up analysis. AEROSPACE systems (UAS) that make use of in-house sensor designs. SECTOR

54 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 EVENTS

Please note: attendance at Corporate Partner Briefi ngs is strictly exclusive to staff of RAeS Corporate Partners. Both individual and corporate members are welcome at the Annual Banquet and the Aerospace Golf Day.

Monday 24 April 2017 / London PRETORIA BOYS HIGH SCHOOL Contributing to the prosperity of the UK through partnerships and innovation AERONAUTICAL SOCIETY Corporate Partner Briefi ng by Norman Bone MBE, Chairman and Managing Roper Street, Brooklyn, Box 11790, Hatfi eld, Director, Leonardo MW Ltd Pretoria 0028, South Africa E [email protected] Thursday 11 May 2017 / London W www.boyshigh.com Annual Banquet Contact Corporate tables and individual tickets available John Illsey, Second Master Lead sponsor: The PBHS Aeronautical Society is one of the extramural activities offered at the school. It has been running for over two decades and is Tuesday 23 May 2017 / London intended to foster an interest in all facets of Corporate Partner Briefi ng aviation and to expose members to various career Nigel Stein, Chief Executive, GKN plc options within civil and military aviation. Many past Sponsor: members have pursued a career in an aviation- related fi eld. Activities of the Society include hosting guest speakers; undertaking excursions Tuesday 6 June 2017 / London to local airports and aviation companies and Corporate Partner Parliamentary Reception undertaking practical projects that allow pupils House of Commons, Westminster, London SW1A at 18.30 hrs hands-on experience. Wednesday 5 July 2017 / Frilford Heath, Oxfordshire Aerospace Golf Day

www.aerosociety.com/events For further information, please contact Gail Ward E [email protected] or T +44 (0)1491 629912

PAKISTAN AERONAUTICAL COMPLEX (PAC) Kamra, District Attock 43570, Pakistan T +92 519 0990 W www.pac.org.pk Contact AM Salim Arshad FAIRMONT CONSULTING GROUP 160 State Street, 4th Floor, Boston, Pakistan Aeronautical Complex Kamra (PAC Massachusetts 02109, USA Kamra) is situated 70km from Islamabad, the T +1 857 265 3400 nation’s capital. The complex houses four factories W www.fairmontcg.com and is spread over ten square kilometres. It Contact employs over 10,000. James Wynn, Managing Director PAC Kamra offers MRO services for the entire aircraft fl eet of PAF and its associated Fairmont Consulting Group is a strategic equipment. It also offers some specifi c and advisory fi rm supporting clients in the aerospace general engineering services to other Armed and defence sectors. The fi rm helps clients Forces of Pakistan as well as other customers, as understand changing market dynamics and and when required. develop proactive tactical and strategic plans to PAC manufactures Mushshak and Super achieve sustainable, profi table growth. Fairmont Mushshak aircraft for primary fl ight training and Contact: also advises clients in mergers & acquisitions is also engaged in co-operation of JF-17 fi ghter Simon Levy in the A&D sector, providing objective buy-side Head of Business Development aircraft, along with PRC. due diligence analysis of companies, their served E [email protected] markets and their fi nancial forecasts. T +44 (0)20 7670 4346

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 55 Afterburner Diary

EVENTS www.aerosociety/events LECTURES www.aerosociety/events

5 April New Materials, Structures and Manufacturing Methods for Aerospace Use Structures and Materials Group Conference Sheffi eld Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre

20 April Alan Bristow Lecture: Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) – How Sky-Futures and Bristow are shaping a new era of industrial aviation Jonathan Bailiff, President and CEO, Bristow Group; James Harrison, Co-founder and CEO, Sky-Futures; Nick Rogers, Co-Founder/Chief Regulatory and Training Offi cer (CRTO), Sky-Futures and Ben Daniel, Training and Development Manager, Bristow Aerial Solutions Rotorcraft Group Named Lecture

24-25 April The Architecture of Air Travel – Designing for Human Behaviour Air Transport Group Conference James

A Rolls-Royce Trent 900 engine is mated to Thai’s fi rst A380 on the Airbus fi nal assembly line. John Roberts will discuss engineering the A380 at Boscombe Down on 11 April. Airbus.

BAY OF PLENTY Refreshments from 5pm. CHESTER Classic Flyers, 9 Jean Batten Lecture 5.15pm. Visitors Room 017, Beswick Building, Drive, Mt Maunganui, New please register at least University of Chester, Parkgate Zealand. 5.30pm. four days in advance Road. 7.30pm. Keith Housely, 7 April — What’s in an (name and car registration T +44 (0)151 348 4480. airshow? required) E secretary@ 12 April — Farnborough BoscombeDownRAeS.org – from Cody to Concorde. 25 April BEDFORD 11 April — Branch AGM Richard Gardner. Time to Rethink Business Aviation? ARA Social Club, Manton followed by Engineering the 10 May — Branch AGM Networking Event Lane, Bedford. 7pm. Marylyn A380. John Roberts. followed by ‘I tell my story’ Wood, T +44 (0)1933 353517. short talks by Branch 9 May 12 April — Branch AGM BROUGH members. Staying Alert: Managing Fatigue in Maintenance followed by Turbine blade Cottingham Parks Golf Club. Human Factors Group Conference technology evolution in gas 7.30pm. Ben Groves, T +44 CHRISTCHURCH Cranfi eld University turbines. Stefan Wagner, Rolls- (0)1482 663938. Cobham Lecture Theatre, Royce. 12 April — 63rd Sir George Bournemouth University. 11 May 10 May — The Icarus Project. Cayley Lecture. Regenerating 7.30pm. Roger Starling, RAeS AGM and Annual Banquet Dr Angelo Niko GrubiŠic, UK carrier strike capability, E rogerstarling593@btinternet. University of Southamption. Captain Chris Alcock. 7pm. com 16 May Joint lecture with Cranfi eld 10 May — A history of 27 April — Branch AGM Safely Enabling Unmanned Aerial System Traffi c Management Branch. Room LR29, Building aircraft fatigue from Comet followed by Bush fl ying. UAS Group Seminar 122, Cranfi eld. 6pm. to Dreamliner. Dr Andrew Halfpenny, Director of COVENTRY 16 May BIRMINGHAM, Technology – nCode Products. Lecture Theatre ECG26, F-35B Initial Ski Jump Testing WOLVERHAMPTON AND Engineering & Computing Gordon Stewart, Principal Engineer, Flight Physics, QinetiQ COSFORD CAMBRIDGE Building, Coventry University, Lecture National Museum, Lecture Theatre ‘0’, Cambridge Coventry. 7.30pm. Janet Owen, RAF Museum Cosford, University Engineering T +44 (0)2476 464079. 18 May Shifnal, Shropshire. 7pm. Department, Trumpington 19 April — Branch AGM Spies in the Sky: The Secret Battle for Aerial Intelligence Chris Hughes, T +44 (0)1902 Street, Cambridge. 7.30pm. followed by Mini lectures. during World War 2 844523. Jin-Hyun Yu, T +44 (0)1223 Taylor Downing, Historian 20 April — The James Webb 373129. CRANFIELD Historical Group Lecture Space Telescope – following 6 April — Branch AGM Room LR29, Building 122, Hubble in 2018. John (7.15pm) followed by Safety Cranfi eld. 6pm. 23 May Thatcher. priorities in helicopter fl ight 10 May — The Icarus Project. Aircrew Mental Health: Regulatory and Implementation 18 May — Branch AGM test and operation. Andrew Dr Angelo Niko GrubiŠic´, Challenges (6.15pm) followed by The fi rst Warner, Airbus Helicopters. University of Southamption. Conference of the Phabulus Phantoms. Joint lecture with Bedford Dave Ward, Heritage CARDIFF Branch. 1 June Department, BAE Systems, USW Conference & Events 1 June — Lord Kings Escort Spitfi re? The Missed Opportunity of Extending the Warton. Services, University of South Norton Lecture. Additive Spitfi re’s Range 15 June — Operation Varsity. Wales, Pontypridd. 7pm. manufacturing. Stewart Paul Stoddart, Operational Analyst, UK MoD Steve Wright, GPRA. Joint E [email protected] Williams. Vincent Auditorium, Lecture lecture with the Glider Pilot 26 April — Branch AGM Building 52a, Cranfi eld Regimental Association followed by From blue sky to University. (GPRA). green skies – how aircraft All lectures start at 18.00hrs unless otherwise stated. fl exibility can be used to CRANWELL Conference proceedings are available at BOSCOMBE DOWN design environmentally friendly Daedalus Offi cers’ Mess, RAF www.aerosociety.com/news/proceedings Lecture Theatre, MoD aircraft. Prof Jonathan Cranwell. 7.30pm. Boscombe Down. Cooper. 3 April — Trenchard Lecture.

56 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 Left: Vickers Super VC10, G-ASGI, of BOAC. Right: The second de Havilland/Hawker Siddeley DH/HS121 Trident 1C, G-ARPB, of BEA. The politics leading to these two aircraft programmes will be discussed by Prof Keith Hayward at Derby on 19 April. RAeS (NAL).

Photo reconnaissance. Taylor applications. Nigel Paine, 13 June — Loughborough 25 April — Developments SHEFFIELD Dowling. Napier Power Heritage Trust. University MEng Final Year in aerospace electronics. AMRC Knowledge Transfer 8 May — Branch AGM Aircraft Design Projects – Ian Stothers, Director of Centre, Brunel Way, Advanced followed by 41(R) Sqn. HAMBURG series short lectures. Joint Technology, Ultra Electronics. Manufacturing Park, 5 June — Combined bomber Hochschule für angewandte event with University Dept of IPSA, 63 Boulevard de Rotherham. 7pm. offensive: mythology versus Wissenschaften (HAW), Aero and Auto Engineering. Brandebourg, 94200 Ivry sur E [email protected] policy. Gp Capt (Retd) Chris Hörsaal 01.12, Berliner Tor 5 Room J104, Edward Herbert Seine, Paris. 26 April — Air accident Finn. (Neubau), 20099 Hamburg. Building, Loughborough 23 May — Charles Lindbergh and investigation. Graham 6pm. Richard Sanderson, University. 7pm. Lecture. Jan Woerner, Director Braithwaite, Professor DERBY T +49 (0)4167 92012. General, European Space of Safety and Accident Nightingale Hall, Moor Lane, 6 April — Perspektiven der MANCHESTER Agency. Investigation, Cranfi eld Derby. 5.30pm. Chris Sheaf, Luftfahrtforschung. Joint Room E5, James Lighthill University. T +44 (0)1332 269368. lecture with DGLR, VDI Building, Manchester PRESTON 19 April — Buying British – and HAW. ZAL TechCenter, University. 7pm. Bryan Cowin, Personnel and Conference SOUTHEND the politics of the VC10 and Hein-Sass-Weg 22, 21129, T +44 (0)161 799 8979. Centre, BAE Systems, Warton. The Royal Naval Association, Trident programmes. Prof Keith Hamburg. 26 April — Branch AGM 7.30pm. Alan Matthews, 79 East Street, Southend-on- Hayward. 22 June — The RAF Harrier followed by Mini Lecture T +44 (0)1995 61470. Sea. 8pm. Sean Corr, T +44 in the Cold War. Gp Capt John Competition. 12 April — Red Arrows. Alan (0)20 7929 3400. FARNBOROUGH ‘Jock’ Heron. Chubb, ex-Red Arrows pilot. 11 April — Branch AGM. BAE Systems Park Centre, MEDWAY 10 May — History of 9 May — Ernest Dove Farnborough Aerospace HEATHROW Staff Restaurant, BAE Blackpool Airport. Russell Lecture. Air operations in Centre. 7.30pm. Dr Mike Community Learning Centre, Systems, Marconi Way, Brown. Afghanistan. Wg Cdr Paul Philpot, British Airways Waterside, Rochester. 7pm. Robin Heaps, 14 June — Future Hawk. John Morris. T +44 (0)1252 614618. Harmondsworth. 6.15pm. For T +44 (0)1634 377973. Hurrell, BAE Systems. 11 April — The BAe146 Water security passes please contact 19 April — BAE Systems STEVENAGE Bomber. Dr Michael West, BAE Dr Ana Pedraz, Hawk aircraft. PRESTWICK Knebworth Barns, Knebworth Systems, Regional Aircraft. E [email protected] 17 May — Branch AGM The Aviator Suite, 1st Floor, Country Park. 6pm. Matt 23 May — The Boeing or T +44 (0)7936 392799. followed by lecture. Terminal Building, Prestwick Cappell, E matthew.cappell@ RC-135V/W Rivet Joint 13 April — Test fl ying the Airport. 7.30pm. John Wragg, mbda-systems.com programme. Wg Cdr Garry BAC 1-11. John Thorpe, OXFORD T +44 (0)1655 750270. 6 April — Leslie Bedford Crosby, RAF (Retd), former OC Aviation Historian. Magdalen Centre, Oxford 10 April — Aeropair – aircraft Lecture. Gaia mapping a 51 Squadron. 27 April — Branch AGM Science Park, Oxford. 7pm. interiors. Stephen Findlay, billion stars. Prof Gerry 13 June — Aerodynamics of followed by fi lm show. Nigel Randall, E oaktree. Aeropair. Gilmore, Cambridge University. LO aircraft. Chris Lee, BAE [email protected] Registration to above Systems, Military Air and ISLE OF WIGHT 28 April — Sadler Lecture QUEENSLAND required. Information. Conference Hall, Isle of Wight and Dinner. Mark Davies, Security Offi ce, Enoggera 11 May — Young persons’ College, Newport. 6.30pm. James Sadler Biographer Barracks, Lloyd Street, lecture competition. 1900 GLOUCESTER AND 25 May — High altitude, and Local Historian. Sadler Enoggera. 5.30pm. Formal Building, Rooms 1 and 2, CHELTENHAM long-endurance UAVs – world- Building, The Oxford Science photo ID required. The Metropolitan Restaurant, Safran Landing Systems, leading UK technology. Paul Park, Oxford. 27 April — Briefi ng and tour MBDA, Six Hills, Stevenage. Restaurant Conference Room, Brooks. 16 May — Branch AGM of Enogerra Barracks followed 5.30pm. off Down Hatherley Lane. followed by Use of artifi cial by Branch AGM at 7pm. 7.30pm. Peter Smith, T +44 LOUGHBOROUGH intelligence in aircraft SWINDON (0)1452 857205. Room U020, Brockington fault diagnostics. Dr Adam SEATTLE The Montgomery Theatre, 20 April — 17th Sir George Building, Loughborough Zagorecki, Senior Research Museum of Flight, 9404 East The Defence Academy of the Dowty Lecture. The Gloster University. 7.30pm. Colin Moss, Fellow, Cranfi eld University. Marginal Way South, Seattle, , Joint Services E28/39. Chris Radford, Jet T +44 (0)1509 239962. Washington. 6.30pm. Command Staff College, Age Museum. 4 April — Austers I have PARIS 17 May — Introduction to the Shrivenham. 7.30pm. New 16 May — The Napier Deltic known and fl own – the history Salle Vinci, 52 rue Jacques KC-46 tanker design. Danny attendees must provide details engine: its development and of Auster Aircraft. Terry Dann. Hillairet, Paris 12th. Wright, KC-46 Chief Mechanic. of the vehicle they will be using

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com APRIL 2017 57 Afterburner Diary

not later than fi ve days before the event. Photo ID will be required at the gate (Driving Licence/Passport). Advise attendance preferably via email to [email protected] or Branch Secretary Colin Irvin, T +44 (0)7740 136609. 4 April — Sir George Greenhill Lecture. Boeing P-8 Poseidon. Gp Capt Simon Joy, Programme Development Manager. 3 May — All-day visit to RNAS Yeovilton.

TOULOUSE Symposium Room, B01, Airbus HQ/SAS, 1 rond point Maurice Bellonte, 31707 Blagnac. 6pm. Contact: Pass@RAeS- Toulouse.org for a security pass. 11 April — ALM/additive layer manufacturing (3D printing). Jérôme Rascol, Head of ALM Platform, Airbus. 16 May — Branch AGM followed by Tenth ADS Lecture. Prof Iain Gray, Director of Aerospace, Cranfi eld University. 9 June — Annual Dinner. Château de Larroque, 32200 An artist’s impression of the Gaia spacecraft, with the Milky Way in the background. Gaia, which was launched in December 2013, will Gimont. construct the largest and most precise 3D space catalogue ever made and totalling approximately one billion astronomical objects. The WASHINGTON DC Gaia programme will be described by Prof Gerry Gilmore in the Leslie Bedford Lecture at Stevenage on 6 April. ESA. British Embassy, 3100 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008. 6pm. WEYBRIDGE YEOVIL 20 April — Leading Edge Brooklands Museum, Dallas Conference Room 1A, 17 May — Branch AGM Copy date Award Presentation followed Weybridge. 6.45pm. Ken Leonardo Helicopters, Yeovil. followed by Hitachi trains. Note for the May issue of by Branch AGM. Davies, T +44 (0)1483 6pm. David Mccallum, day change. AEROSPACE is 11 May — Electric aeroplanes 531529. E david.mccallum@ 15 June — Taranis UAV. Chris 31 March. panel discussion. 19 April — Branch AGM. leonardocompany.com Clarkson, BAE Systems.

TRUSTEE TALK

Since the Board of Trustees meeting in November the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and over 2016, among other activities the Board has 100 Council Meetings, I have decided that the time approved the Revenue Budget 2017, the Capital is right for me to step down from so active a role Budget 2017; the RAeS Foundation Budget 2017 within the Society. The Society is in the best state and the Restricted Budgets 2017. that I have ever known it to be, and I have absolutely The Trustees have approved the formation of no doubt that the currently existing triple growth arc the Nottingham Branch and have agreed formally of size, infl uence and prestige will continue. to note the formation by the Pakistani Division of I would urge everybody reading this actively to the Islamabad and Kamra Branches. We have also consider how they might play a greater role within approved the Australian Division’s revised Deed of the Society. It really is true to say that, the more Association. one puts into an organisation such as the Royal Following the Privy Council’s approval of the Aeronautical Society, the more one receives back. appropriate By-Laws amendments our Code of Finally, I would like to express my thanks to the ON A MORE Conduct had been transferred to our Regulations literally hundreds of Society members with whom I PERSONAL where they have been approved by the Board. The have worked over the years and I acknowledge an current, new Regulations may be viewed on the especial debt of gratitude to Simon Luxmoore and NOTE, THIS WILL Society’s website. his team who have provided unwavering support BE THE LAST At our March Meeting we signed off on the particularly during my periods as President and as TIME THAT I Society’s Annual Report. Chairman of the Board of Trustees. SHALL WRITE On a more personal note, this will be the last time that I shall write ‘Trustee Talk’. After nearly 25 Phil Boyle CEng FRAeS ‘TRUSTEE TALK’ years on Council, a year as President, fi ve years as Chair, Board of Trustees

58 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 Society News YOUNG PERSONS NETWORK YPN in the spotlight

William Lee Heathrow Branch William joined the RAeS in 2011 as a Student Affi liate member, while he was studying for a BSc Air Transport course at City University London. Since William joined the Society, he has been actively involved in many Society activities at HQ and the Heathrow Branch. At Heathrow, he serves as a Committee Member and the YPN Rep – actively linked in with other Young Members in the local area.

Q: Why do you think the RAeS is important for Q: How do you aim to improve the service of the young aerospace professionals? RAeS to young members at a local level? A: Aerospace is a fairly small world compared to A: Continuous efforts have been made at the other industries. Colleagues within our industry rely Heathrow Branch to engage with local young on reputation to do business with trusted persons members and improve the connection between them or organisations and networking to learn new and industry. I have also been actively looking for information from each other. All of these require opportunities to bring local stakeholders (such as BA, the right platform and the Society offers many IAG and Heathrow) together, as well as organising opportunities for young professionals to gain the young member-focused events. In addition to necessary skills, knowledge and experience. the routine get together with young members at local pubs – sharing study advice and career Q: Why did you volunteer for the YPN? experience, the Branch organised an ‘Inspiring Future A: I have been an international student myself, the Generations’ event which included an industrial visit, Society helped me a lot with the skills, knowledge networking reception and themed lecture in January and network that ultimately secured a career for me 2017. It was attended by many local young members, in the UK. I think it is important for giving back to as well as industry professionals and senior the community upon your success and the best way executives from many local businesses. In February to do so is through volunteering, both via the Young 2017, with assistance from the RAeS Careers team, Persons Network (YPN) and other channels. In fact, the Branch also collaborated with Heathrow Airport, by participating on those volunteering opportunities, participating in the tenth Annual Heathrow Jobs & I have gained even more skills to further enhance Careers Fair, offering advice and engaging with many my career in aviation. young people. We are pleased to announce...

The RAeS Young Persons Committee is pleased The conference will take delegates through to announce the 2017 Young Persons Conference phases of the typical product life cycle and present will be ‘The Future Aerospace Workplace’ and will corresponding topics which could change the way THE be held at No.4 Hamilton Place on Wednesday, 6 we work in these phases. It is anticipated that topics CONFERENCE September 2017. such virtual reality (VR) and additive manufacturing The aim of the conference is to present exciting (AM) will feature, amongst others. AIMS TO INSPIRE technologies which could change the way we work If you are interested in attending or in learning DELEGATES in aerospace in the years to come. The conference more about what the RAeS offers to young WITH A SERIES aims to inspire delegates with a series of interactive members: visit our page on the RAeS website: www. lectures and hands-on sessions, enabling delegates aerosociety.com/get-involved/young-persons- OF INTERACTIVE to try out some early versions of these technologies. network and join our Facebook group: search for LECTURES AND It will delivered by a wide range of experienced ‘Royal Aeronautical Society Young Members Group’. HANDS-ON speakers from within and outside the aerospace This event will also be live streamed through industry. Facebook Live. SESSIONS

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FELLOWS Omar Clarke Ana Luisa Maldonado Antonio Colosimo Arava Anmol Manohar SOCIETY OFFICERS Tubrez Asif Richard Crockett Maria Victoria Naranjo President: Prof Chris Atkin Jim Bowden Andrew Delaney Astillero President-Elect: ACM Sir Stephen Dalton Paul Chivers Nicolas Drolet Payam Nathani Pierre Coutu Ben Egan Joshua Panikkar BOARD CHAIRMEN Mark Darby David Emsley Nicholas Rogers Heather Deacon Andrew Forrest Rana Siddique Learned Society Chairman: Ian Middleton Johanna Deakin Donald Greig Matthew Simpson Membership Services Chairman: Michimasa Fujino Alfredo Hernandez Benjamin Skillen Dr Alisdair Wood Bernd Hildenbrand Lanciego Jose Soler Ribes Professional Standards Chairman: Keoki Jackson Harikrishna Kammula Prof Jonathan Cooper Mujahid Khan Kevin Lawry ASSOCIATES Deborah Lawrie Stephen Lewitowski DIVISION PRESIDENTS Daniel Lindfi eld Stuart Little Oyediran Afolabi George Lloyd Daniel Manzano Ali Buksh Australia: Andrew Neely Christian Mari Chris Marshall-Cowling Matthew Fitton New Zealand: John MaciIree Leo Murphy Pauline McRae Mustafa Khan Pakistan: AM Salim Arshad Charles Pantlin David Osborne Mpfariseni Mulaudzi South African: Dr Glen Snedden Jonathan Pentreath Kieron Parnell David Pilkington Peter Ritchie E-ASSOCIATES Alfredo Pinelli Nathan Seidl Imran Rahman William Smeddle Joshua De Souza WITH REGRET Christopher Robinson Pieter ’t Hart Andrew Eady The RAeS announces with regret the deaths of the Philip Rowles Almuiz Taha Alexander Hall following members: Colin Rydon Ian Wood Konstantinos Karvelis David Shaw Ian Wroe Tyler Martin Sqn Ldr Maurice Ernest John Hickmott DFC Peter Sherry Raybin Yu Andrew Pound FRAeS 92 Jean-Jacques Speyer Vaughan Thomas Michael Sterling ASSOCIATE Matthew Tsai Wg Cdr John William Higgins CEng MRAeS 95 Kevin Young MEMBERS Gavin Tse Donald Lowson McDiarmid CEng FRAeS 86 Richard Woodburn Iqbal Ahmed Victor Charles Pickett Affi liate 91 Rebecca Anderton AFFILIATES MEMBERS James Barnes Harold Roy Radford FRAeS 88 Malgorzata Barzowska Anton Aponso Gp Capt Michael Irwin Thom Jonathan Abbey Carlos Carp Shaun Beeching CEng FRAeS 81 Tariq Akhtar Carlo Andrea Cattaneo Carl Corcoran Veera Akula Vincent Coombs Moira Donoghue Thiago Nunes Menezes STUDENT AFFILIATES Hani Al Ashkar Dale Cousins Graham Francis Emir Öngüner Alison Ali Jack Crichton Iain Goldrein Daniel Ronen Vasco Araujo James Dawkins Toby Holland Andy Simpson Lara Flanagan Mark Bretton Patric Helbig Masharib Khan Denis Wood Maria Malan

THE JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICAL HISTORY

Three new papers added to The Journal of Aeronautical History include: ‘The Aerodynamics of the Spitfi re’ by John Ackroyd; ‘On the Aerodynamics of the Miles Libellula tandem-wing aircraft concept 1941-1947’ by Brian Brinkworth; and ‘The Flight Claims of Gustave Whitehead’ by Tom Crouch.

The Journal of Aeronautical History, is a web-based, peer-reviewed journal, published by the Royal Aeronautical Society, containing papers of an historical nature, covering all aspects of aerospace. First published in 2011, there are now 28 papers on the Society’s website and they are all FREE to access.

https://www.aerosociety.com/news-expertise/ Supermarine Spitfi re prototype, journals-papers/journal-of-aeronautical-history/ K5054. RAeS (NAL).

60 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 SocietyAir Transport Group News UAS Seminar Conference

THE ARCHITECTURE OF AIR TRAVEL SAFELY ENABLING UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEM TRAFFIC

DESIGNING FOR HUMAN BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT

LONDON / 24 APRIL 2017 LONDON / 16 MAY 2017 This conference will be This seminar will bring examining the feedback loop together key stakeholders to driving air travel architectures consider the key challenges and passenger behavioural and opportunities for safely response and will examine the enabling unmanned aerial following themes: system traffic management, - Architectures of Air Travel – considering low level Eliciting Desired Behaviours operations and the scope of full air traffic control. - Masterplan Paradigms Brave New Visions and Airports In Transition

To register, please visit our website. www.aerosociety.com/events www.aerosociety.com/UTM

Sponsor Sponsorship

Sponsor and exhibitor opportunities are available for this conference. For more information please contact [email protected] or call +44(0)20 7670 4345

Society Conference

AIRCREW MENTAL HEALTH

REGULATORY AND IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES

LONDON / 23 MAY 2017

This conference will provide in partnership with delegates with opportunity to engage in practical programmes based on responses to the January 2017 EASA mandated Peer Support Programmes.

The primary aim will be Fantastic images from the National Aerospace to surface the EASA Library Collection of the Royal Aeronautical requirement and provide risk Society are now available to purchase as profile incidence evidence reproduction prints and giftware items. and current experience of View the complete collection at: PSS. www.prints-online.com www.aerosociety.com/events

Sponsorship

Sponsor and exhibitor opportunities are available for this conference. For more information please contact [email protected] or call +44(0)20 7670 4345 The Last Word

COMMENTARY FROM Professor Keith Hayward FRAeS

Air Power as a force for good

To an erstwhile defence analyst and aerospace Religious or secular, the aims are the same historian, air power usually means the sharp end of strategy and aviation. However, if you At this point, I must declare an interest as a monthly watch any TV story of human misery there will donor to MAF. Despite being a non-believer, I see be images of C-130s and Antonovs delivering this as an organisation offering a lot more than aid. The ubiquitous helicopter will also be just spiritual support, delivering substantive aid to there to rescue and evacuate casualties. This some of the world’s most needy people. MAF and is humanitarian air power at work – and was ASF also demonstrate on a daily basis the rarest of the focus of a recent Society conference. piloting skills, fl ying into rough landing strips, often With speakers from the UK Department for in some very tricky weather conditions: and not to International Development, OXFAM, ICAO and mention the possibility of facing a hostile reception. the RAF, the event covered a wide spectrum of relief mission issues. The aviation community And closer to home does more than just talk: there are several active organisations providing concrete forms of relief Air ambulances and search and rescue are part of the and developmental assistance. same humanitarian package – and operations easier to grasp as they clatter overhead. There was once a Biggles in a dog collar survey of Londoners’ attitudes towards aircraft noise. Needless to say, helicopters were not welcome – Since 1946, Mission Aviation Fellowship (MAF), unless, of course, they were ‘doing good’, as opposed a Christian organisation has provided aviation, to carrying rich people to and from Battersea Heliport. communications, and learning technology services The problematic aspect is that so much of this activity, to more than 1,000 Christian and humanitarian here and abroad, is the dependence on charity. agencies, as well as thousands of isolated Inevitably, national spending priorities as well as the missionaries and indigenous villagers in the world’s propensity or otherwise of governments to allocate remotest areas. From three major operational resources to overseas development, will not always centers in the US, the UK and Australia, MAF serves ante up to support humanitarian infrastructure. in more than 55 countries, fl ying over 201,710 passengers with a fl eet of some 130 aircraft. Harnessing new technology

Aviation Sans Frontières A cheaper and safer means of delivery could in some cases help the humanitarian cause. Indeed, there have With an echo of the famous Médecins Sans already been some tentative steps towards using IN THE FUTURE, Frontières (MSF), Aviation Sans Frontières was UAVs to reach remote areas and to deliver emergency founded in 1980, based on actions by Air France aid, or at least to monitor the situation as part of an LARGER pilots and fl ight engineers, deeply affected by initial assessment of a remote or cut-off disaster area. AUTONOMOUS the horror of the Nigerian Civil War in 1971 to In the future, larger autonomous vehicles might provide VEHICLES MIGHT provide airlift support. ASF is now a pan-European a more capable adjunct to a conventional response – PROVIDE A organisation with its own fl eet of aircraft and something certainly for the likes of Bezos and Gates to MORE CAPABLE the fi rst NGO to hold a European Air Operator’s fund? But in any case there is always scope for more ADJUNCT TO A Certifi cate. Aviation Sans Frontières is a partner of individual donations. the United Nations Economic and Social Council CONVENTIONAL and the European Commission’s Directorate- http://www.aviationwithoutborders.org RESPONSE General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection. https://www.maf-uk.org

62 AEROSPACE / APRIL 2017 Air Power Conference 2017 12-13 July IET London airpower.org.uk

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