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Picture of Magnetic Waves Picture of Magnetic Waves Magnetic waves are known as solitons—for solitary waves—and were theorized to occur in magnets in the 1970s. They form because of a delicate balance of magnetic forces—much like water waves can form a tsunami. Now physicists have used a specialized x-ray method to take pictures of them. [8] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the electric current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron’s spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................. 2 Physicists Take a Picture of Magnetic Waves ......................................................................... 3 Atomic Layer to Get Magnetism ................................................................................... 3 Marriage of Titanium and Gold Makes a Rare Magnet ..................................................... 3 Simple Experiment ............................................................................................................. 4 Uniformly accelerated electrons of the steady current ........................................................... 4 Magnetic effect of the decreasing U electric potential ........................................................... 5 The work done on the charge and the Hamilton Principle ................................................... 7 The Magnetic Vector Potential ........................................................................................ 7 The Constant Force of the Magnetic Vector Potential ......................................................... 8 Electromagnetic four-potential ........................................................................................ 8 Magnetic induction ............................................................................................................ 8 Lorentz transformation of the Special Relativity .................................................................. 10 Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation ....................................................................................... 10 Wave – Particle Duality .................................................................................................... 10 Atomic model .................................................................................................................. 11 Fermions' spin ................................................................................................................. 11 Fine structure constant .................................................................................................... 11 Planck Distribution Law ................................................................................................. 12 Electromagnetic inertia and Gravitational attraction ............................................................ 12 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 13 References ...................................................................................................................... 14 Author: George Rajna Preface Surprisingly nobody found strange that by theory the electrons are moving with a constant velocity in the stationary electric current, although there is an accelerating force F = q E, imposed by the E electric field along the wire as a result of the U potential difference. The accelerated electrons are creating a charge density distribution and maintaining the potential change along the wire. This charge distribution also creates a radial electrostatic field around the wire decreasing along the wire. The moving external electrons in this electrostatic field are experiencing a changing electrostatic field causing exactly the magnetic effect, repelling when moving against the direction of the current and attracting when moving in the direction of the current. This way the A magnetic potential is based on the real charge distribution of the electrons caused by their acceleration, maintaining the E electric field and the A magnetic potential at the same time. The mysterious property of the matter that the electric potential difference is self maintained by the accelerating electrons in the electric current gives a clear explanation to the basic sentence of the relativity that is the velocity of the light is the maximum velocity of the electromagnetic matter. If the charge could move faster than the electromagnetic field, this self maintaining electromagnetic property of the electric current would be failed. More importantly the accelerating electrons can explain the magnetic induction also. The changing acceleration of the electrons will create a –E electric field by changing the charge distribution, increasing acceleration lowering the charge density and decreasing acceleration causing an increasing charge density. Since the magnetic induction creates a negative electric field as a result of the changing acceleration, it works as a relativistic changing electromagnetic mass. If the mass is electromagnetic, then the gravitation is also electromagnetic effect. The same charges would attract each other if they are moving parallel by the magnetic effect. Physicists Take a Picture of Magnetic Waves “This is an exciting discovery because it shows that small magnetic waves—known as spin- waves—can add up to a large one in a magnet, a wave that can maintain its shape as it moves,” explains Andrew Kent, a professor of physics at New York University and the study’s senior author. The researchers say these waves could potentially be harnessed to transmit data in magnetic circuits in a way that is far more energy efficient than current methods that involve moving electrical charge. “Magnetism has been used for navigation for thousands of years and more recently to build generators, motors, and data storage devices,” says study coauthor Hendrik Ohldag, a scientist at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL), where the soliton was discovered. “However, magnetic elements were mostly viewed as static and uniform. “To push the limits of energy efficiency in the future we need to understand better how magnetic devices behave on fast timescales at the nanoscale, which is why we are using this dedicated ultrafast x-ray microscope.” Atomic Layer to Get Magnetism Solitons are stable objects that overcome resistance, or friction, as they move. By contrast, electrons, used to move data today, do generate heat as they travel, due to resistance and thus requiring additional energy, such as from a battery, as they transport data to its destination. In their search, the scientists deployed x-ray microscopy at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource—using a method akin to the way x-rays are used to image the human body—in order to image the behavior of specific magnetic atoms in materials. The technique offers extraordinarily high spatial resolution and temporal resolution. Marriage of Titanium and Gold Makes a Rare Magnet The scientists created a condition in magnetic materials where the sought-after solitons should exist by injecting an electrical current into a magnetic material to excite spin-waves. They observed an abrupt onset of magnetic waves with a well-defined spatial profile that matched the predicted form of a solitary magnetic wave—i.e., a magnetic soliton. The results are described in a paper published in Physical Review Letters. [8] Simple Experiment Everybody can repeat my physics teacher's - Nándor Toth - middle school experiment, placing aluminum folios in form V upside down on the electric wire with static electric current, and seeing them open up measuring the electric potential created by the charge distribution, caused by the acceleration of the electrons. Figure 1.) Aluminium folios shows the charge distribution on the electric wire He wanted to show us that the potential decreasing linearly along the wire and told us that in the beginning of the wire it is lowering harder, but after that the change is quite linear. You will see that the folios will draw a parabolic curve showing the charge distribution along the wire, since the way of the accelerated electrons in the wire is proportional with the square of time. The free external charges are moving along the wire, will experience this charge distribution caused electrostatic force and repelled if moving against the direction of the electric current and attracted in the same direction – the magnetic effect of the electric current. Uniformly accelerated electrons of the steady current In the steady current I= dq/dt , the q electric charge crossing the electric wire at any place in the same time is constant. This does not require that the electrons should move with a constant v velocity and does not exclude
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