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Determination of Tor Tambroides (Empurau) Growth Rate Using Different Feed System

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Determination of Tor Tambroides (Empurau) Growth Rate Using Different Feed System DETERMINATION OF TOR TAMBROIDES (EMPURAU) GROWTH RATE USING DIFFERENT FEED SYSTEM Dollyna Anak Entri QL 638 Bachelor of Science with Honours C94 (Resource Biotechnology) D655 2013 2013 Pusat Kl1idmat Maklumat Akademik UNlVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK P.KHIDMAT MAKLUMAT AKADEMIK 1IIIIIIIIIiliIDIIIIIIIII 1000246763 Determination of Tor tambroides (empurau) growth rate using different feed system Dollyna anak Entri (26183) A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bache'lor of Science with Honours (Resource Biotechnology) Resource Biotechnology Programme Departmenl of Molecular Biology Faculty of Resource Science and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This project was performed in partial fulfillment for the Degree of Bachelor of Science with Honours. Firstly, I would like to thank God for His blessings throughout this project. A special thanks and sincere gratitude I dedicate to my supervisor, Dr. Lee Kui Soon for his guidance, advices and encouragement throughout this project. I also would like to dedicate my special thanks to Mr. Louis Chin Vui Ngian, Mr. Mathew ak Jenang and Miss Pang Shek Li (Post Graduate Student) for sharing their knowledge with me and also their help during this study. My deepest gratitude also dedicated to my family for their moral and financial support especially my parents, Mr. Entri ak Nyambong and Mrs. Margaret Meliah ak Ingai. Last but not least, I would like to thank Animal Biotechnology Laboratory's lab assistants, my labmates (Jackie Wong Teck Huat, Mohd. Khalid b. Khalil, Foo Tun Xian and Lau Siu Jun) and all my coursemates for their help and continuous encouragement. -'! DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis entitled 'Determination of Tor tambroides (empurau) growth rate using different feed system is the result of my own research work and effort. All the references for this project also have been acknowledged. Signature: Name: [)OLL7~A At t-NT~I Date: J--S3 /-b ! 26 /3 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Page Acknowledgement.............. .. ..... ........... ... .. ........ .......... .. .... .. ... ............. ......... .. i Declaration ....... .... .................. ..................... .................. ......................... ...... ii Table of Contents............ ...................................................... .......... .. ........... .iii List of Abbreviations .. ................... .. ..................... ..................... .......... ............ v List of Tables ......................... .... .. ............. ..... ................... .. ........... ... ............vi List of Figures.. ... ... ..... ........................................................... .......................vii Abstact/ Abstrak ................ .... .................................................................................................... viii 1.0 Introduction ............ ....................................... ..... .. ........................ ........... I I. I Research Background ..................... ........... .. .... ..... ... .. ........... ..... .................... I 1.2 Problem Statement. .................................... ................ .................. .................. 2 1.3 Objectives........... .. ......... ... .................. ......... ............ .. ... .... ... ...................... 2 2.0 Literature Review .......... .................................. .. ............................ .... ................... .................. 4 2.1 Common names of Tor tambroides .... ................................... ................... ................. ............... 4 2.2 Morphology of Tor tambroides .................. ........................................................ ...................... 4 2.3 Habitat of Mahseer species ... ............................................ ........ ............ .................................... 5 2.4 Distribution of Tor tambroides ................................. .......................................................... .... .. 5 2.5 Feeding Habits .............................. ............ ....................... ........................................................ 6 iii 3.0 Materials and metbods ........................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Fish Acclimatization and Preparation ........................................... ............................................ 7 3.2 Feeding Process ........................................................................................................................ 7 3.3 Measurement of Weight and Length of the Fish ................................................ ............. ......... 8 3.4 Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR),Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) ...................................................... ...................... ..... ..... .. ..................................... .. ............... 9 4.0 Results.. ..... ............................ ........................... .... .. ................................. 11 4.1 Feed Consumption ............. .... ............... .. ............. .......................... ... ..... ...... 11 4.2 Length and Weight. ..................... ........................ .... ........... ..... .................... 12 4.3 Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) and Specific Growth Rate (SGR)................ ........................... ............ ........ ...... .. ... ..... .... ... ... ........ .......... 16 5.0 Discussions.. ........... .............. .......... ..... ............. .................... ...... ............. 19 5.1 Feed Consumption . ................................................ ............... .......... ......... .... 19 5.2 Length and Weight Measurement .. ...... ... .. .... ..... .... .. .... .. ...... ....... ...... ... .............20 5.3 Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) and Specific Growth Rate (SGR).... ....... ...... .................................. ........... .. ...... ................ .. ..................20 6.0 Conclusion ...................... ....... ....... ..... ........ ...... .. ........ ..... ........................23 7.0 References ...................... ........................................................................................................ 24 Append ices ....... ............................ ........ ............. ... ...... ........... ................ .......27 iv I LIST OF ABBREVIATION °C Degree Celsius kg kilogramme g Gram % Percentages cm Centimeter FCR Feed Conversion Ratio FeE Feed Conversion Efficiency SGR Specific Growth Rate FAO Food and Agriculture Organization v I - LIST OF TABLES Table I: Proximate composition of the feed 8 Table 2: The mean total feed consumption per fish at different feeds types for 13 weeks 11 Table 3: Mean of weekly length measurement offish per feed types 14 Table 4: Mean of weeklJy weight measurement of fish per feed types 15 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Figure I: Weekly pattern of mean daily feed consumption by the fish at different 12 feed types. Figure 2: Total length (cm) and weight (g) increments of the fish at the end of the 16 experimented period. Figure 3: Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) of 17 studied fi h at different feed types. Figure 4: Specific Growth Rate (SGR) ofthe studied fish at different types of 18 feeds for 13 weeks vii Determination of Tor tambroides (empurau) growth rate using different feed system Dollyna anak Entri Resource Biotechnology Department of Molecular Biology Faculty of Resource Science and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak ABSTRACT The effect of different type of feeds based on protein and fat level on feed consumption, growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specitic growth rate (SGR) of Tor tambroides (Empurau) was investigated for 13 weeks. The experiment was carried out to determine the suitable level of dietary protein and fat in feed for optimal growth of Tor tambroides. FCR was being used to determine suitable protein dietary level while SGR was used to determine fat dietary level for optimum growth of the fish. There were signi ficant difference (P<O.O I) in feed consumption at different feed types. There were also significant different (P<O.O I) in the final length and final weight of the fish. The higher length increment was observed in fish fed with feed type C (1.49±0.00 cm) and the lowest was feed type B (0.45±O.00 cm). The higher weight increment was tish fed with feed type C (3 .23±0.00 g) and the lowest was type B (0.8612±0.00 g). The fish feed with feed type A showed the lowest FCR (4.28, 64.69%) followed by feed type B (5.94, 46.79%) and type C (9.38, 34.81%). Fish fed with feed type C (3.55%) showed the higher value ofSGR while the lowest value was feed type B (0.94%). ANOYA test showed that there were significant difference (P<O.OI) among the different type of feeds. In conclusion, the experiment showed that the optimum level of protein and fat jor the higher growth rate ofthe tish were 32% and 13% respectively. Key words: Tor tambroides, Conversion, Growth, Feeds ABSTRAK Kesan jenis makanan yang berlainan berdasarkan protein dan lemak pada tahap pengambilan makanan, pertllmbllhan, nisbah penukaran makanan (FCR) dan kadar perillmbuhan spesijik (SGR) Tor tambroides (Empllrau) lelah disiasat selama 13 minggu. FCR telah digllnakan lin/uk menentllkan tahap protein yang sesuai dalam pemakanan manakala SGR telah digunakan un/uk menen/ukan tahap lemak
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