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Śluzowce Myxomycetes, Grzyby Fungi I Mszaki Bryophyta Wigierskiego Parku Narodowego

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Śluzowce Myxomycetes, Grzyby Fungi I Mszaki Bryophyta Wigierskiego Parku Narodowego Stowarzyszenie „Człowiek i Przyroda” Śluzowce Myxomycetes, grzyby Fungi i mszaki Bryophyta Wigierskiego Parku Narodowego Praca zbiorowa pod redakcją Lecha Krzysztofiaka Suwałki 2010 Spis treści Wstęp ...........................................................................................................................................................4 Śluzowce Myxomycetes ...............................................................................................................................9 Wsparcie udzielone przez Islandię, Liechtenstein i Norwegię, poprzez dofinansowanie ze Charakterystyka śluzowców ...................................................................................................................9 środków Mechanizmu Finansowego Europejskiego Obszaru Gospodarczego oraz Norweskiego Metody badań ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Mechanizmu Finansowego, a także ze środków budżetu Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej w ramach Analiza systematyczna i ilościowa ....................................................................................................... 11 Funduszu dla Organizacji Pozarządowych. Ponadto projekt uzyskał dofinansowanie z Fundacji Ekologia ................................................................................................................................................ 14 Orange. Przegląd gatunków śluzowców .............................................................................................................22 Podsumowanie .....................................................................................................................................83 Literatura ...............................................................................................................................................84 Grzyby Fungi ..............................................................................................................................................86 Grzyby makroskopijne (macromycetes) ...............................................................................................87 Autor fotografii na okładce: Maciej Romański Przedmiot, cele i metody badań .....................................................................................................87 Charakterystyka ogólna mikobioty .................................................................................................88 Gatunki chronione i zagrożone .......................................................................................................90 Projekt okładki: Katarzyna Gubrynowicz Gatunki nowe dla mikobioty Polski ................................................................................................. 91 Relikty puszczańskie i gatunki borealno-górskie ...........................................................................92 Grupy troficzno-siedliskowe grzybów .............................................................................................92 Przegląd gatunków grzybów makroskopijnych ..............................................................................113 Podsumowanie .............................................................................................................................. 195 Literatura ....................................................................................................................................... 196 © copyright by Stowarzyszenie „Człowiek i Przyroda”, 2010 Mikroskopijne grzyby fitopatogeniczne ..............................................................................................202 Metody badań ...............................................................................................................................202 Przegląd gatunków mikroskopijnych grzybów fitopatogenicznych ...............................................202 Literatura .......................................................................................................................................205 ISBN 978-8-360115-40-4 Grzyby lichenizowane - porosty Ascomycota lichenisati ...................................................................206 Przedmiot i metody badań ............................................................................................................207 Gatunki chronione i zagrożone .....................................................................................................209 Lista taksonów porostów Wigierskiego Parku Narodowego ........................................................ 218 Wydawca: Stowarzyszenie „Człowiek i Przyroda” Literatura ......................................................................................................................................226 ul. Bydgoska 46, 16-400 Suwałki, Polska Mszaki Bryophyta .....................................................................................................................................229 www.czlowiekiprzyroda.eu e-mail: [email protected] Metody badań .....................................................................................................................................229 Charakterystyka brioflory ..................................................................................................................230 Główne typy strategii życiowych reprezentowane we florze mszaków .......................................230 Brioflora głównych typów podłoży ...............................................................................................233 Przygotowanie i druk: Różnorodność flory epifitycznej na poszczególnych gatunkach forofitów ..................................234 PETIT Skład-Druk-Oprawa, Spółka Komandytowa Udział wyróżnionych elementów chorologicznych we florze mszaków .......................................235 ul. Tokarska 13, 20-210 Lublin Chronione i zagrożone gatunki mszaków .........................................................................................235 tel. (+48) 81 744 56 59, faks (+48) 81 441 03 33 Przegląd gatunków mszaków ............................................................................................................240 e-mail: [email protected] Podsumowanie ...................................................................................................................................295 www.petit.lublin.pl Literatura .............................................................................................................................................296 5 sandrowe utworzone z piasków naniesionych przez wody wypływające spod Wstęp czoła lodowca. Bogata rzeźba terenu spowodowała, że gleby, wytworzone głównie z plejstoceńskich glin i piasków zwałowych, są zróżnicowane pod względem właściwości fizycznych i chemicznych i tworzą mozaikowaty układ. Wigierski Park Narodowy został utworzony 1 stycznia 1989 r. na powierzch- W północnej i północno-wschodniej części Parku występują gleby mineralne, ni 14 840,06 ha. Powierzchnia Parku wielokrotnie ulegała zmianie i obecnie, których utworami macierzystymi są gliny o różnej zwięzłości, piaski gliniaste według stanu na 31.12.2008 r., wynosi 14 999,5 ha. Tereny leśne zajmują 62,7% i pyły naglinowe, piaski całkowite oraz częściowo piaski nażwirowe i żwiry. powierzchni Parku, wody - 18,7%, a tereny rolne 15,3%. Obszary będące wła- W południowej części Parku dominują piaski, głównie gliniaste lekkie i słabo snością Skarbu Państwa w zarządzie Parku zajmują 82,2% powierzchni WPN gliniaste żwirkowate, zalegające na żwirach. Utwory organiczne i organiczno- (12337,0 ha). Pod względem geograficznym Park położony jest w granicach Po- mineralne zajmują dna obniżeń wytopiskowych i dolin rzecznych oraz towa- jezierza Litewskiego, w krainie Mazursko-Podlaskiej, w północno-wschodniej rzyszą jeziorom. Są to głównie torfy, utwory torfowo-mułowe, gytie i mursze części dzielnicy Pojezierza Mazurskiego i północnej dzielnicy Puszczy Augu- na utworach mineralnych. stowskiej. Zajmuje on północny skraj Puszczy Augustowskiej, największego Wody Parku charakteryzują się dużą różnorodnością oraz wysokimi walo- zwartego kompleksu leśnego na niżu Europy. rami przyrodniczymi i krajobrazowymi. Największym zbiornikiem jest jezio- Park położony jest w klimatycznym Regionie Mazursko-Podlaskim, w któ- ro Wigry, położone w centralnej części Parku. Wokół niego leży 41 mniejszych rym wyraźnie zaznacza się oddziaływanie zarówno morza Bałtyckiego, jak jezior, z których na szczególną uwagę zasługują niewielkie, śródleśne jeziora i wpływy kontynentalne. Częściej niż w pozostałej części Polski napływają tu dystroficzne, zwane sucharami. Rzeki Parku charakteryzują się dużym stop- masy powietrza polarnego kontynentalnego, co powoduje, że obszar ten ma niem naturalności i wraz z przyległymi środowiskami mają wysoką wartość najsurowsze warunki klimatyczne w całej nizinnej części Polski. Teren Par- przyrodniczą. ku charakteryzuje się stosunkowo niewielką ilością opadów atmosferycznych. Pod względem geobotanicznym Wigierski Park Narodowy położony jest Średnia roczna ich suma, z wielolecia 1971-2001, wynosi 591,2 mm. W ostatnich w Dziale Północnym, w Krainie Augustowsko-Suwalskiej w okręgu Pojezie- ośmiu latach wielkość opadów wahała się od 517 mm (rok 2003) do 679 mm rza Suwalskiego. Do charakterystycznych cech tego obszaru należą: brak na (rok 2007), a średnia z tego okresu była jedynie o 17 mm wyższa od średniej naturalnych stanowiskach takich gatunków drzew, jak: dąb bezszypułkowy, z wielolecia. Średnia roczna temperatura
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