DOCSLIB.ORG

The Use of Electroactive Halophilic Bacteria for Improvements and Advancements in Environmental High Saline Biosensing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Use of Electroactive Halophilic Bacteria for Improvements and Advancements in Environmental High Saline Biosensing biosensors Perspective The Use of Electroactive Halophilic Bacteria for Improvements and Advancements in Environmental High Saline Biosensing Erin M. Gaffney , Olja Simoska and Shelley D. Minteer * Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; [email protected] (E.M.G.); [email protected] (O.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Halophilic bacteria are remarkable organisms that have evolved strategies to survive in high saline concentrations. These bacteria offer many advances for microbial-based biotechnologies and are commonly used for industrial processes such as compatible solute synthesis, biofuel production, and other microbial processes that occur in high saline environments. Using halophilic bacteria in electrochemical systems offers enhanced stability and applications in extreme environments where common electroactive microorganisms would not survive. Incorporating halophilic bacteria into microbial fuel cells has become of particular interest for renewable energy generation and self- powered biosensing since many wastewaters can contain fluctuating and high saline concentrations. In this perspective, we highlight the evolutionary mechanisms of halophilic microorganisms, review their application in microbial electrochemical sensing, and offer future perspectives and directions in using halophilic electroactive microorganisms for high saline biosensing. Keywords: halophilic bacteria; microbial biosensing; microbial electrochemistry Citation: Gaffney, E.M.; Simoska, O.; 1. Introduction Minteer, S.D. The Use of Electroactive Bioelectrochemical systems have become of great interest to the electrochemistry Halophilic Bacteria for Improvements community for exploring avenues of renewable energy generation, biosensing systems, and Advancements in Environmental and bioelectrosynthesis [1–3]. Specifically, microbial electrochemical systems are fit for long- High Saline Biosensing. Biosensors term environmental deployment suitable for wastewater management and monitoring 2021 11 , , 48. https://doi.org/ applications [4–6]. Among the many types of microbial electrochemical systems, the 10.3390/bios11020048 technology used most often for biosensing is the microbial fuel cell since the substrate of the bacterial cells is commonly the driver of the current output. Therefore, the current output Received: 20 January 2021 can be related to the substrate concentration in a variety of wastewaters providing a self- Accepted: 9 February 2021 Published: 12 February 2021 powered sensor [7–10]. The long-term stability stems from the ability of microorganisms to continually reproduce, allowing for a near-infinite bioelectrode where the biocatalysts are Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral being regenerated [11]. The main challenge is identifying microbes capable of extracellular with regard to jurisdictional claims in electron transfer (EET), which allows for interfacing bacterial cells with an electrode surface published maps and institutional affil- capable of producing an electrochemical response (e.g., current) [12–15]. Such bacterial iations. strains can be found by harvesting in environments ripe for the evolution of bacterial strains with EET. These types of environments include areas with a lack of soluble terminal electron acceptors such as oxygen or inorganic salts. These environments create a need for the ability to solubilize insoluble electron donors outside of the cell, such as iron or sulfur oxides and inorganic metals, among other electron donor compounds [12,13]. Pairing Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. the phenomena of EET to an electrode, generalized in Figure1, involves utilizing the This article is an open access article metabolic reaction of a biological substrate to a product with electron transfer steps to distributed under the terms and an electroactive molecule which is either on the cellular surface or can diffuse across the conditions of the Creative Commons cell membrane. The terminal electron transfer step determines the potential of the anode Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// (Eanode in Figure1), and the energetics of the reaction of the substrate to the product creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ determines the potential of the metabolic reaction (EP/S in Figure1), which creates the 4.0/). inherent overpotential (Figure1) in microbial systems. This overpotential will vary in Biosensors 2021, 11, 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11020048 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/biosensors Biosensors 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 5 of 5 Biosensors 2021, 11, 48 2 of 13 the inherent overpotential (Figure 1) in microbial systems. This overpotential will vary in the electroactive species used in the microbial electrochemical system and the electron transferthe electroactive mechanisms species at play, used which in the can microbial be extremely electrochemical complicated system [16]. and Many the electron approaches aretransfer focused mechanisms on studying at play,these which phenomena, can be extremely including complicated bioinformatics [16]. Many and approaches computational modelingare focused [17,18]. on studying these phenomena, including bioinformatics and computational modeling [17,18]. Figure 1. Pairing the microbial metabolism to an electrode surface (here, anode). Made with FigureBioRender.com. 1. Pairing the As microbial bacterial cells metabolism catalyze anto intracellularan electrode redox surface reaction, (here, generically anode). Made represented with Bio- Render.com.as substrate As to bacterial product, cells electrons catalyze flow an to intrac an eventualellular terminalredox reaction, electron ge acceptornerically such represented as redox- as substrateactive proteinto product, on the electrons cell surface flow or to a an biomolecule eventual terminal (Xox going electron to Xred )acceptor which is such then re-oxidizedas redox-active at the electrode surface. Therefore, the potential of the anode (E ) will be determined by the protein on the cell surface or a biomolecule (Xox going to Xred) whichanode is then re-oxidized at the elec- η trodeelectrochemical surface. Therefore, potential the of thepotential terminal of electronthe anode transfer (Eanode reaction) will be (EXox/Xred determined). The by overpotential the electrochemi- ( ) cal potentialwill be determined of the terminal by the differenceelectron transfer between reaction the electrochemical (EXox/Xred). The potential overpotential of the metabolic (η) will redox be deter- minedreaction by the initiating difference electron between transfer the (E P/Selectrochemi) and the electrochemicalcal potential potentialof the metabolic of the reaction redox occurring reaction initiatingat the anodeelectron surface. transfer (EP/S) and the electrochemical potential of the reaction occurring at the anode surface. Many bacterial strains have been characterized and isolated for EET, with a few model organisms that have been intensely studied, including Geobacter sulfurreducens and ShewanellaMany bacterial oneidensis strains[19–22]. have Even withbeen the characterized advances of characterizing and isolated many for strains EET, capablewith a few modelof this organisms feat, few organisms that have have been been intensely identified studied, which areincluding extremophilic Geobacter and havesulfurreducens the ability and Shewanellato perform oneidensis EET [23 ].[19–22]. Such organisms Even with are the of greatadvances interest of forcharacterizing environmental many applications strains capa- ble ofof microbialthis feat, few electrochemical organisms systemshave been due identified to the creation which of are robust extremophilic bioanodes and capable have the abilityof survival to perform and performanceEET [23]. Such in aorganisms dynamic rangeare of of great environments interest for [23 environmental,24]. Specifically, appli- cationschemical of microbial environments electrochemical of high saline aresystems of interest due for to thethe development creation of ofrobust water bioanodes treatment ca- pableand of biosensing survival forand contaminants, performance since in a thesedyna watersmic range account of environments for 5% of the total [23,24]. world’s Specifi- liquids and result from a variety of industrial processes [25]. This perspective will discuss cally, chemical environments of high saline are of interest for the development of water the phenomena of halotolerance and the environments which are of particular interest treatmentin incorporating and biosensing halotolerant for contaminants, bacteria in microbial since these electrochemical waters account biosensors. for 5% Futureof the total world’sdirections liquids and and opportunities result from offered a variety by the of studyindustrial will also processes be discussed, [25]. This mainly perspective focusing will discusson the the applications phenomena and of engineering halotolerance of electroactive and the environments halophilic bacterial which driven are microbial of particular interestelectrochemical in incorporating biosensors. halotolerant bacteria in microbial electrochemical biosensors. Fu- ture directions and opportunities offered by the study will also be discussed, mainly fo- cusing on the applications and engineering of electroactive halophilic bacterial driven mi- crobial electrochemical biosensors. Biosensors 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 5 of 5 Biosensors 2021, 11, 48 3 of 13 2. Electrifying Halophilic Bacteria Halotolerant strains2. Electrifying are extremely Halophilic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Ppz Protein Phosphatases Are Key Regulators of K+ and Ph Homeostasis: Implications for Salt Tolerance, Cell Wall Integrity and Cell Cycle Progression
    The EMBO Journal Vol. 21 No. 5 pp. 920±929, 2002 The Ppz protein phosphatases are key regulators of K+ and pH homeostasis: implications for salt tolerance, cell wall integrity and cell cycle progression Lynne Yenush, Jose M.Mulet, but the mechanisms that regulate their activity to achieve JoaquõÂn ArinÄ o1 and Ramo n Serrano2 cation homeostasis are only starting to be elucidated (Serrano and Rodriguez-Navarro, 2001). Instituto de BiologõÂa Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad PoliteÂcnica de Valencia-CSIC, Camino de Vera s/n, Several lines of evidence have indicated the existence of E-46022 Valencia and 1Departament de BioquõÂmica i Biologia a link between cation homeostasis and the cell cycle. Molecular, Fac. VeterinaÁria, Universitat AutoÁnoma de Barcelona, Speci®cally, previous studies have established a correl- Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain ation between cytosolic alkalinization and G1 progression 2Corresponding author in yeast (Gillies et al., 1981) and animal cells (Nuccitelli e-mail: [email protected] and Heiple, 1982). This increased intracellular pH may be either a regulatory signal (Perona and Serrano, 1988) or The yeast Ppz protein phosphatases and the Hal3p merely permissive for cell proliferation (Grinstein et al., inhibitory subunit are important determinants of salt 1989). More recently, in the eukaryotic model system tolerance, cell wall integrity and cell cycle progression. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, alterations in the expression of We present several lines of evidence showing that several genes encoding signal transduction proteins have these disparate phenotypes are connected by the fact been shown to affect both intracellular ion homeostasis that Ppz regulates K+ transport. First, salt tolerance, and cell cycle, again suggesting a possible link between cell wall integrity and cell cycle phenotypes of Ppz these two highly regulated cellular processes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Halotolerance and Phylogeny of Cyanobacteria with Tightly Coiled Trichomes (Spirulina Turpin) and the Description of Halospirulina Tapeticola Gen
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2000), 50, 1265–1277 Printed in Great Britain The halotolerance and phylogeny of cyanobacteria with tightly coiled trichomes (Spirulina Turpin) and the description of Halospirulina tapeticola gen. nov., sp. nov. Ulrich Nu$ bel,† Ferran Garcia-Pichel‡ and Gerard Muyzer§ Author for correspondence: Ulrich Nu$ bel. Tel: j1 406 994 3412. Fax: j1 406 994 4926. e-mail: unuebel!montana.edu Max-Planck-Institute for The morphologies, halotolerances, temperature requirements, pigment Marine Microbiology, compositions and 16S rRNA gene sequences of five culture collection strains Bremen, Germany and six novel isolates of cyanobacteria with helical, tightly coiled trichomes were investigated. All strains were very similar morphologically and could be assigned to the genus Spirulina (or section Euspirulina sensu Geitler), according to traditional classification. However, the isolates showed significantly different requirements for salinity and temperature, which were in accordance with their respective environmental origins. The genetic divergence among the strains investigated was large. The results indicate the drastic underestimation of the physiological and phylogenetic diversity of these cyanobacteria by the current morphology-based classification and the clear need for new taxa. Three of the isolates originated from hypersaline waters and were similar with respect to their high halotolerance, broad euryhalinity and elevated temperature tolerance. By phylogenetic analyses, they were
    [Show full text]
  • Osmoregulatory Physiology and Its Evolution in the Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus Aculeatus) Jeffrey N
    University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Doctoral Dissertations University of Connecticut Graduate School 8-24-2016 Osmoregulatory Physiology and its Evolution in the Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) Jeffrey N. Divino University of Connecticut - Storrs, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Divino, Jeffrey N., "Osmoregulatory Physiology and its Evolution in the Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)" (2016). Doctoral Dissertations. 1217. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/1217 Osmoregulatory Physiology and its Evolution in the Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) Jeffrey Nicholas Divino, PhD University of Connecticut, 2016 Maintaining ion balance in environments of changing salinity is one of the greatest physiological challenges facing aquatic organisms and by comparing populations inhabiting different salinity regimes, we can learn how physiological plasticity evolves in response to local osmotic stress. I characterized the evolution of osmoregulatory responses in representative marine, anadromous, and freshwater (FW) populations of Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) by comparing survival and physiological measures in F1-generation fish following salinity challenge. Juveniles from a population landlocked for ~10,000 years displayed ontogenetically-delayed seawater (SW) tolerance, a lower maximum salinity threshold, and did not upregulate the Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) ion transporter as much as marine counterparts (Chapter 1). Stickleback also responded to salinity stress by remodeling their gill epithelium: I observed a higher density of ionoregulatory cells when juveniles were subjected to both low and high salinities, and the latter treatment induced strong upregulation of ion secretory cells (Chapter 2). Finally, I examined the speed at which osmoregulatory plasticity evolves by comparing halotolerance between an anadromous population and descendants that had been FW-restricted for only two generations (Chapter 3).
    [Show full text]
  • Bioprospecting for Novel Halophilic and Halotolerant Sources of Hydrolytic Enzymes in Brackish, Saline and Hypersaline Lakes of Romania
    microorganisms Article Bioprospecting for Novel Halophilic and Halotolerant Sources of Hydrolytic Enzymes in Brackish, Saline and Hypersaline Lakes of Romania Robert Ruginescu 1,*, Ioana Gomoiu 1, Octavian Popescu 1,2, Roxana Cojoc 1, Simona Neagu 1, Ioana Lucaci 1, Costin Batrinescu-Moteau 1 and Madalin Enache 1 1 Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of the Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, P.O. Box 56-53, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; [email protected] (I.G.); [email protected] (O.P.); [email protected] (R.C.); [email protected] (S.N.); [email protected] (I.L.); [email protected] (C.B.-M.); [email protected] (M.E.) 2 Molecular Biology Center, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai-University, 42 Treboniu Laurian St., 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 4 November 2020; Accepted: 30 November 2020; Published: 30 November 2020 Abstract: Halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms represent promising sources of salt-tolerant enzymes that could be used in various biotechnological processes where high salt concentrations would otherwise inhibit enzymatic transformations. Considering the current need for more efficient biocatalysts, the present study aimed to explore the microbial diversity of five under- or uninvestigated salty lakes in Romania for novel sources of hydrolytic enzymes. Bacteria, archaea and fungi were obtained by culture-based approaches and screened for the production of six hydrolases (protease, lipase, amylase, cellulase, xylanase and pectinase) using agar plate-based assays. Moreover, the phylogeny of bacterial and archaeal isolates was studied through molecular methods. From a total of 244 microbial isolates, 182 (74.6%) were represented by bacteria, 22 (9%) by archaea, and 40 (16.4%) by fungi.
    [Show full text]
  • Unlocking Survival Mechanisms for Metal and Oxidative Stress in the Extremely Acidophilic, Halotolerant Acidihalobacter Genus
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Unlocking Survival Mechanisms for Metal and Oxidative Stress in the Extremely Acidophilic, Halotolerant Acidihalobacter Genus Himel Nahreen Khaleque 1,2, Homayoun Fathollazadeh 1 , Carolina González 3,4 , Raihan Shafique 1, Anna H. Kaksonen 2 , David S. Holmes 3,4,5 and Elizabeth L.J. Watkin 1,* 1 School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia; [email protected] (H.N.K.); [email protected] (H.F.); raihan.shafi[email protected] (R.S.) 2 CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat 6014, Australia; [email protected] 3 Center for Bioinformatics and Genome Biology, Fundacion Ciencia y Vida, Santiago 7750000, Chile; [email protected] (C.G.); [email protected] (D.S.H.) 4 Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580000, Chile 5 Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago 8320000, Chile * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-8926-629-55 Received: 28 September 2020; Accepted: 22 November 2020; Published: 24 November 2020 Abstract: Microorganisms used for the biohydrometallurgical extraction of metals from minerals must be able to survive high levels of metal and oxidative stress found in bioleaching environments. The Acidihalobacter genus consists of four species of halotolerant, iron–sulfur-oxidizing acidophiles that are unique in their ability to tolerate chloride and acid stress while simultaneously bioleaching minerals. This paper uses bioinformatic tools to predict the genes and mechanisms used by Acidihalobacter members in their defense against a wide range of metals and oxidative stress. Analysis revealed the presence of multiple conserved mechanisms of metal tolerance.
    [Show full text]
  • Osmoregulation and Other Survival Strategies Deployed by The
    Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.1(1), 73-86, 1992 REVIEW ARTICLE COPING WITH EXCESS SALT IN THEIR GROWTH ENVI­ RONMENTS: OSMOREGULATION AND OTHER SURVIVAL STRA1EGIES DEPLOYED BY THE MANGROVES. Saiyed I. Ahmed School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A. INTRODUCI'ION Mangroves are defined here as a collection of woody plants and the associated fauna and flora that use a coastal depositional environment. Mangrove forests consist of plant communities that belong to many different genera and families that are not always related phylogenetically. However, they share some common characteristics based upon physiological, reproductive and morphological adaptations that enable them to grow in a broad range of coastal environments in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. By this definition, they occupy the interface between the land and the sea (Walsh, 1974). Throughout the world, approximately 54 species of plants belonging to about 20 genera in 16 families have been recognized as belonging to the mangroves (Tomlinson, 1986). The mangrove forests of Pakistan consist of 8 species in the Indus River delta region and 5 species along the Makran Coast. However, the species of the genusAvicennia are the dominant members in both these areas and represent 90-95% of the total mangrove vegetation (Snedaker, 1984). Jennings and Bird (1967) have described the six most important geomorphological characteristics that affect estuaries, and they are: (1) aridity, (2) wave energy, (3) tidal conditions, ( 4) sedimentation, (5) mineralogy and (6) neotectonic effects. All of these directly or indirectly affect the establishment of mangroves. Walsh (1974) and Chapman (1975, 1977) have described in all seven characteristics that may be consid­ ered as essential requisites for mangroves on a world-wide basis; (1) air temperature (within a restricted range), (2) mud substrate, (3) protection, (4) salt water, (5) tidal range, (6) ocean currents, and (7) shallow shores.
    [Show full text]
  • Salinity Stress Responses and Adaptation Mechanisms in Eukaryotic Green Microalgae
    cells Review Salinity Stress Responses and Adaptation Mechanisms in Eukaryotic Green Microalgae Prateek Shetty 1, Margaret Mukami Gitau 1 and Gergely Maróti 1,2,* 1 Institute of Plant Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; [email protected] (P.S.); [email protected] (M.M.G.) 2 Faculty of Water Sciences, National University of Public Service, 6500 Baja, Hungary * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +36-308-270455 Received: 1 October 2019; Accepted: 12 December 2019; Published: 17 December 2019 Abstract: High salinity is a challenging environmental stress for organisms to overcome. Unicellular photosynthetic microalgae are especially vulnerable as they have to grapple not only with ionic imbalance and osmotic stress but also with the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) interfering with photosynthesis. This review attempts to compare and contrast mechanisms that algae, particularly the eukaryotic Chlamydomonas microalgae, exhibit in order to immediately respond to harsh conditions caused by high salinity. The review also collates adaptation mechanisms of freshwater algae strains under persistent high salt conditions. Understanding both short-term and long-term algal responses to high salinity is integral to further fundamental research in algal biology and biotechnology. Keywords: high salt stress; green algae; adaptation; transcriptome; salinity; Chlamydomonas 1. Introduction Algae refer to a broad group of micro- and macroorganisms capable of oxygenic photosynthesis, yet show striking differences compared to land plants. The traditional and common definition of algae includes prokaryotic cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae belonging to highly different phylogenetic clades. Eukaryotic microalgae are polyphyletic in origin and have an extensive ecological niche and evolutionary history.
    [Show full text]
  • Extremely Halotolerant and Halophilic Fungi Inhabit Brine in Solar Salterns Around the Globe
    170 N. GUNDE-CIMERMAN and P. ZALAR: Fungi in Solar Salterns, Food Technol. Biotechnol. 52 (2) 170–179 (2014) ISSN 1330-9862 minireview (FTB-3566) Extremely Halotolerant and Halophilic Fungi Inhabit Brine in Solar Salterns Around the Globe Nina Gunde-Cimerman1,2* and Polona Zalar1 1Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 2Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CIPKeBiP), Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Received: November 19, 2013 Accepted: March 31, 2014 Summary For a long time halotolerant and halophilic fungi have been known exclusively as con- taminants of food preserved with high concentrations of either salt or sugar. They were first reported in 2000 to be active inhabitants of hypersaline environments, when they were found in man-made solar salterns in Slovenia. Since then, they have been described in different salterns and salt lakes on three continents. The mycobiota that inhabit these natural hypersaline environments are composed of phylogenetically unrelated halotoler- ant, extremely halotolerant, and halophilic fungi, which are represented not only by spe- cies previously known only as food contaminants, but also by new and rare species. The dominant representatives are different species of black yeast-like and related melanized fungi of the genus Cladosporium, different species within the anamorphic Aspergillus and Penicillium, and the teleomorphic Emericella and Eurotium, certain species of non-melanized yeasts, and Wallemia spp. Until the discovery and description of indigenous saltern myco- biota, the physiological and molecular mechanisms related to salt tolerance in eukaryotic microorganisms were studied using salt-sensitive model organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Should Highlight That Salinity Is Not A
    Success Stories in Agriculture Salt and Crops: Salinity Tolerance Jian-Kang Zhu,1 Ray A. Bressan,2 P. Mike Hasegawa,2 Jose M. Pardo,3 and Hans J. Bohnert4 Soils are delicate structures, and careless agricultural practices can destroy them. Crop decline resulting from increased soil salinity can be traced back thousands of years to Sumer and Babylonia. There, the original “Fertile Crescent” eventually turned into desert, destroyed by deforestation, unwise planting, and irrigation-induced soil salinity. Such decline in soil productivity also was evident in the U.S. Dust Bowl of the 1930s and is occurring in present-day Australia. Irrigation, currently practiced on about 15% of the world’s farmland, produces more than one-third of the world’s crops but often leaves soils with high salinity. Increased demand for fresh water for urban use not only decreases the amount available for agriculture but also requires that less suitable, often moderately saline, water serves as a replacement. In addition, replacing perennial native plants, which evaporate most of the rainwater, with crops that grow only part of the year can lead to a rise of saline groundwater that ultimately will kill many plants (Figure 1). Flooding, incursion of sea water into coastal fresh water reservoirs, and erratic weather patterns, which seem to increase and which add drought years, compound the effects of increasing soil salinity. 1 The problem for crops in soils with elevated salinity, contributed by a number of metal ions, is that irrigation without connection to the ground water table inevitably and over time increases the concentration of ions in the root zone.
    [Show full text]
  • Uncovering the Mechanisms of Halotolerance in the Extremely Acidophilic Members of the Acidihalobacter Genus Through Comparative Genome Analysis
    fmicb-10-00155 February 8, 2019 Time: 16:55 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 08 February 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00155 Uncovering the Mechanisms of Halotolerance in the Extremely Acidophilic Members of the Acidihalobacter Genus Through Comparative Genome Analysis Himel N. Khaleque1,2, Carolina González3, Raihan Shafique4, Anna H. Kaksonen2, David S. Holmes3,5 and Elizabeth L. J. Watkin1* 1 School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia, 2 CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, WA, Australia, 3 Center for Bioinformatics and Genome Biology, Science for Life Foundation, Santiago, Chile, 4 Sodexo Australia, Perth, WA, Australia, 5 Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile There are few naturally occurring environments where both acid and salinity stress exist Edited by: together, consequently, there has been little evolutionary pressure for microorganisms to Claudia P. Saavedra, develop systems that enable them to deal with both stresses simultaneously. Members Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile of the genus Acidihalobacter are iron- and sulfur-oxidizing, halotolerant acidophiles that Reviewed by: Mario A. Vera, have developed the ability to tolerate acid and saline stress and, therefore, have the Pontificia Universidad Católica potential to bioleach ores with brackish or saline process waters under acidic conditions. de Chile, Chile T Nicolas Guiliani, The genus consists of four members, A. prosperus DSM 5130 , A. prosperus DSM Universidad de Chile, Chile 14174, A. prosperus F5 and “A. ferrooxidans” DSM 14175. An in depth genome *Correspondence: comparison was undertaken in order to provide a more comprehensive description Elizabeth L. J.
    [Show full text]
  • Halotolerant and Chaotolerant Microfungi from Littoral Anchialine Caves Golubinka and Medova Buža (Croatia)
    Andrzej Chlebicki and Natalia Jakus. Halotolerant and chaotolerant microfungi from littoral anchialine caves Golubinka and Medova Buža (Croatia). Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 81, no. 3, p. 153-161. DOI:10.4311/2016MB0149 HALOTOLERANT AND CHAOTOLERANT MICROFUNGI FROM LITTORAL ANCHIALINE CAVES GOLUBINKA AND MEDOVA BUŽA (CROATIA) Andrzej Chlebicki1, C and Natalia Jakus2 Abstract Rock-inhabiting fungi were isolated for rock walls in Golubinka and Medova Buža littoral anchialine caves in Croatia and tested for their halotolerance. Isolates were identified as Cladosporium psychrotolerans, C. delicatulum, Mucor circi- nelloides, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans, and Talaromyces diversus. Of them, T. diversus appears most resistant to cosmotropic (NaCl) and chaotropic (KCl) salts. It was also the most common species isolated from rock walls. Despite the negative influence of salinity on acid production, we propose that some fungal strains can be recognized as active agents in carbonate dissolution and as good competitors on rocks in saline environments. Anchialine caves can be a refugium for unique halotolerant fungi. Introduction The coastal sea area including islands of the Republic of Croatia is about 33,200 km2. In comparison with the area of the eastern Adriatic territorial waters, the groups of islands covers a large area, being divided into several groups (Duplančić et al. 2004). The Adriatic Carbonate Platform (AdCP), is covered by Palaeozoic–Triassic deposits, Late Cre- taceous–Palaeogene flysch, or Neogene and Quaternary deposits (Vlahović et al. 2005). The major types of rocks that build AdCP are freshwater or brackish and foraminiferal limestones; mudstones; marles; and silicoclastics. The region was changed by several tectonic events during the Palaeogene, Oligocene, and Miocene (Vlahović et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Euryhalinity in an Evolutionary Context Eric T
    University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn EEB Articles Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 2013 Euryhalinity in an Evolutionary Context Eric T. Schultz University of Connecticut - Storrs, [email protected] Stephen D. McCormick USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/eeb_articles Part of the Comparative and Evolutionary Physiology Commons, Evolution Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Schultz, Eric T. and McCormick, Stephen D., "Euryhalinity in an Evolutionary Context" (2013). EEB Articles. 29. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/eeb_articles/29 RUNNING TITLE: Evolution and Euryhalinity Euryhalinity in an Evolutionary Context Eric T. Schultz Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut Stephen D. McCormick USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, Turners Falls, MA Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Corresponding author (ETS) contact information: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269-3043 USA [email protected] phone: 860 486-4692 Keywords: Cladogenesis, diversification, key innovation, landlocking, phylogeny, salinity tolerance Schultz and McCormick Evolution and Euryhalinity 1. Introduction 2. Diversity of halotolerance 2.1. Empirical issues in halotolerance analysis 2.2. Interspecific variability in halotolerance 3. Evolutionary transitions in euryhalinity 3.1. Euryhalinity and halohabitat transitions in early fishes 3.2. Euryhalinity among extant fishes 3.3. Evolutionary diversification upon transitions in halohabitat 3.4. Adaptation upon transitions in halohabitat 4. Convergence and euryhalinity 5. Conclusion and perspectives 2 Schultz and McCormick Evolution and Euryhalinity This chapter focuses on the evolutionary importance and taxonomic distribution of euryhalinity. Euryhalinity refers to broad halotolerance and broad halohabitat distribution.
    [Show full text]