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The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass Paul Tate March 10, 2015

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The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass Paul Tate March 10, 2015 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass Paul Tate March 10, 2015 Originally prepared as a degree requirement for the UIC Master of Energy Engineering program 1 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Outline n Introduction to Building Integrated PV n Solar Shingles Technology n Solar Glass Technology n Conclusions n Questions © 2015 All Rights Reserved 2 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) n Building Materials & Solar Cells ¨ Roofing ¨ Glass ¨ Metal Panels ¨ Overhangs ¨ Awnings, etc. Building Integrated Photovoltaic Installation1 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 3 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate BIPV Building Integrated Photovoltaic Installation2 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 4 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Solar Shingles n Intended for residential pitched roofs n Replace portion of asphalt shingles n Are not rack mounted n Integrate into standard roofing n Multiple technologies utilized © 2015 All Rights Reserved 5 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate CIGS Solar Shingle n Uses Copper Indium Gallium diSelenide (CIGS) thin film technology n Substrate is a proprietary polymer n Size, weight, flexibility similar to asphalt shingle CIGS Cell Schematic Diagram3 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 6 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate CIGS Solar Shingles CIGS Solar Shingles Prior to Installation4 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 7 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate CIGS Solar Shingle CIGS Solar Shingles Post-Installation5 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 8 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate CIGS Solar Shingle CIGS Solar Shingles Post-Installation6 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 9 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Mono-Si Solar Shingle n Uses mono-crystalline silicon (mono-Si) technology n Mounted on semi- flexible plastic n Slightly thinner than asphalt shingle with special underlayment Mono-Crystalline Silicon Cell7 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 10 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Mono-Si Solar Shingle Mono-Si Solar Shingles Post-Installation8 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 11 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Mono-Si Solar Shingle Mono-Si Solar Shingles Post-Installation8 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 12 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Mono-Si Solar Shingle Mono-Si Solar Shingles Post-Installation8 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 13 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Solar Shingle Efficiencies CIGS Solar Shingle Mono-Si Solar Shingle n ~12% efficient CIGS n 14% efficient mono-Si cells cells n Efficiency rises n 14% efficient initially (light soaking), immediately, then then degrades over degrades over time time n Solar components n Solar components warrantied for 10 warrantied for 20 years years © 2015 All Rights Reserved 14 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Solar Shingle Power Output CIGS Solar Shingle Mono-Si Solar Shingle n Available in 9-13 n 60 Watts/shingle Watts/shingle n Each shingle n Each shingle approximately 5.3 SF approximately 1.6 SF exposed area exposed area n Power output: n Power output: 5.6 to 11.4 W/SF 8.1 W/SF n 400 SF array: n 400 SF array: 2.25kW 4.55 kW to 3.25 kW © 2015 All Rights Reserved 15 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate CIGS Solar Shingle Electrical Connections CIGS Solar Shingle Electrical Connections9 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 16 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Mono-Si Solar Cell Electrical Connections Mono-Si Solar Cell Electrical Connections10 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 17 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Mono-Si Solar Shingle Electrical Connections Mono-Si Solar Cell Electrical Connections10 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 18 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Mono-Si Solar Shingle Electrical Connections Mono-Si Solar Cell Electrical Connections10 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 19 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Solar Shingles - Balance of System CIGS Solar Shingle Mono-Si Solar Shingle n CIGS solar shingle n Electrician supplies manufacturer supplies manufacturer sized inverter inverter n Electrician makes n Electrician wires connections from array to everything from array to inverter, inverter to meter and disconnects meter, disconnects, etc. n Point of use monitoring n Manufacturer’s web- only based monitoring system included © 2015 All Rights Reserved 20 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Transparent Solar Glass n Focusing on Dye Sensitized Solar Cells & Organic Solar Cells n Transparent meaning light passes through the solar collector, opposed to thin strips of silicon based cells implanted onto glass © 2015 All Rights Reserved 21 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) n Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) molecules coated with various color dyes n Electrolyte (usually iodide) replaces electron given off by dye through TiO2 n All layers are transparent, limiting factor is dye color & thickness Dye Sensitized Solar Cells11 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 22 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Schematic Diagram12 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 23 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Installation13 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 24 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Installation14 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 25 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Organic Solar Cells n Light absorbed in hole transport layer n Photon energy creates excitons n Excitons travel to photoactive layer where charge separation occurs n Difference from inorganic PV is effect of light absorption Organic Solar Cell15 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 26 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Organic Solar Cells Organic Solar Cell Schematic16 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 27 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Spectral Response of Conventional and Transparent PV Cells Spectral Response of Conventional and Transparent PV Cells17 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 28 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Organic Solar Cells Organic Solar Cell17 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 29 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Organic Solar Cells Transparent Solar Cell18 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 30 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Organic Solar Cells Transparent Solar Cell19 © 2015 All Rights Reserved 31 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Transparent Solar Cell Efficiencies DSSC Organic Solar Cells n Typically 8% to 10% n 40% transparent cell at maximum efficiency 7.1% efficiency n Record lab efficiency: n Record lab efficiency: 11.9% 11.1% n Commercially available, n Not commercially well-known operation and available, very new challenges technology © 2015 All Rights Reserved 32 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Conclusions n Solar shingles is a viable and growing industry n Solar Glass research is growing, long-term production and applications are unknown n BIPV will continue to be developed and used if costs and aesthetics are favorable © 2015 All Rights Reserved Picture Courtesy of RISE 33 The Technologies and Performance of Solar Shingles and Transparent Solar Glass – P. Tate Bibliography 1 "Building-integrated Photovoltaics – a Niche Market with Ample Opportunities."SolarServer. Web. 28 Oct. 2014. <http://www.solarserver.com/solarmagazin/solar-report_1108_2_e.html>. 2 "Outstanding BIPV Projects." Onyx Solar - Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV). Onyx Solar. Web. 27 Feb. 2015. <http://www.onyxsolar.com/projects/onyxsolar-bipv-projects.html>. 3 "Special-purpose Diodes." All About Circuits. Web. 28 Oct. 2014. <http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/ vol_3/chpt_3/12.html>. 4 "Roofs Do Double Duty with Dow Shingles." Jetson Green. 25 June 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2014. <http://www.jetsongreen.com/2012/06/dow-powerhouse-solar-shingle-launch.html>. 5 "Solution to Homeowner’s Association Problem with Aesthetics of Roof Mounted Solar PV | Tennessee Solar." Tennessee Solar Energy Association. 13 Sept. 2013. Web. 22 Oct. 2014. <http:// www.tnsolarenergy.org/solution-to-homeowners-association-problem-with-aesthetics-of-roof-mounted-
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