Juniperus Communis L.): an Important Unani Drug

International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy Medicine and Bioallied Sciences. 2021;9(1)13-22.

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Review Article Review of Phytopharmacology of Habbul Aar-Aar (Juniperus communis L.): An Important Unani Drug

Misbahuddin Azhar1*, Sadia Ayub2.

Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine (RRIUM), Aligarh, U.P., India. A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T

Article History: Abhal (Juniperus communis L.) belonging to the family Cupressaceae is an evergreen, Received 15-Feb-2021 aromatic shrub, native to Europe, South Asia, and North America and used as Revised 15-Apr-2021 medicine since 70 AD when Dioscorides introduced it first. The blackish-red berries Accepted 30-Apr-2021 like fruits are known as Abhal in Unani System of Medicine. The present review aims to collect the information of Abhal (Juniperus communis L.) available Unani classical Key words: literature and formulation, phytochemical and pharmacological studies. In the Abhal Habbul Aar Aar, present review, Unani classical literature was searched for its complete description. Unani medicine, Computerized databases such as Medline, Pubmed, Ovid SP, Google Scholar, and Berry, Science-direct were searched. All the information on Abhal (Juniperus communis L.) Juniperus communis L. available in Urdu, Persian, Arabic, and studies published abstract were included. Fourteen Unani books were referred and 23 pharmacological studies were analyzed, in which it is used as an ingredient also make an effort to the strength of action of the drug mentioned in Unani medicine. This information gives the research question and guidance for future research. Many of the actions of JC mentioned in Unani classical literature have been proved by the scientist in experimental studies. Its potent action Musqit-e-janeen (abortifacient) and Mudir-e-baul (Diuretic) were proved in experimental studies abortifacient and diuretic activity respectively. It is suggested that Abhal may be tested for its nephroprotective activity due to the above-said actions.

I N T R O D U C T I O N

2013). The common Juniperus is the most widespread Habbul Aar-Aar in Unani system of medicine commonly species and has many subspecies and varieties (Khare, known as Abhal in India. Juniperus communis L (JC) 2007). The fruits of the plant are used for medicinal belongs to the family Cupressaceae (Anonymous, 2001). values in the Unani system. They are berry-like cones, In the late first century, Desqoridus (Dioscorides-70 AD) initially, green which ripe to purple-black with a blue has mentioned this drug in his famous book Kitab-ul wax coating (Multani, 2000). This review is an attempt Has haish (De material Medica) (Ali. 2009). Juniperus to showcase the description in Unani literature as well genus is a well-known source of cedarwood oil which is ethnobotanical and phytopharmacology studies widely distributed in the North hemisphere and is used relevant to the Unani system of medicine. in folk medicine (Seca and Sillva 2005; Gumral et al.,

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Habitate Temperament

Hot and dry in the second degree (Ibn Baitar 1985; Juniperus communis is a shrub or small evergreen tree, Rafiquddin 1985; Kabiruddin 1951; Ibn Hubal 2005) native to Europe, South Asia, and North America. In Hakim Mohammad Azam quoted Jalinoos in his book Asia, it grows naturally in Western Himalayas from according to whom it is of third-degree temperament Kumaon westwards to Srinagar at 1700-4200 m and hot and dry (Ibn Rushd 1980; Ibn Hubal 2005). found at an altitude of 3000-4000m from Afghanistan to South-west China (Khare, 2007, Kalam and Part used Shahabuddin, 2020). Fruits (berries) and leaves are used medicinally but if Botanical description anywhere it is mentioned as Abhal then it means the berries (Rafiquddin, 1985). It has no central trunk but rather multiple spreading to ascending branches up to 17 cm in diameter at their base, with thin, gray-brown bark that becomes flaky or shredding with age. Branches spread or ascend; branchlets are erect. Twigs are reddish-brown. Depending on whether this grows as a shrub or tree from 1 to 10 meters at maturity. Leaves are stiff, sharp- pointed, flat long needles with a relatively broad base green in color but sometimes become silver when glaucous. They are stiff, sharp-pointed, flat, 0.5 to 2 cm (0.2 to 0.8 inch) long needles with a relatively broad base. Leaves are whorl of three with the lower surface is shiny green lower while the upper surface is bluish- green. Flowers are small, lacking perianth. Female/male flowers occur on different shrubs. Female inflorescences are yellowish-green while male flowers are yellow. Fruits are green when young, and become blue on ripening. They have soft, mealy, sweet, and resinous flesh (Thomas et al., 2007; Garcia et al., 2000;

Oostermeijer and De Knegt, 2004). Action

Action mentioned in Unani classical literature are arranged alphabetically below: Akkal (corrosive) (Ibn Rushd 1980), dafe-e- zaheer (anti dysenteric) (Rafiquddin 1985), jali (detergent) (Ibn Baitar 1985; Rafiquddin 1985; Khan 2012; Sheerazi 1793; Kabiruddin 1951; Ibn Rushd 1980; Ibn Hubal 2005), kasir-e- Riyah (carminative) (Rafiquddin 1985; Kabiruddin 1951), mohallil (anti-inflammatory) (Ali 2009; Ibn Baitar 1985; Rafiquddin 1985; Khan 2012; Ghani 1926; Kabiruddin 1951), mudammil-e-qurroh (wound Taxonomic Scientific classification of J. Communis. healer) (Khan 2012; Ghani 1926; Ibn Kingdom : Plantae Sina1898), Mudir-e-baul (diuretics) (Ali 2009; Ibn Clade : Tracheophytes Baitar 1985; Rafiquddin 1985; Khan 2012; Sheerazi Division : Pinophyta 1793; Kabiruddin 1951; Ibn Rushd 1980; Ibn Hubal Class : Pinopsida 2005), mudir-e-haiz (emmonogogue) (Ali 2009; Ibn Order : Pinales Baitar 1985; Rafiquddin 1985; Khan 2012; Ghani 1926; Family : Cupressaceae Ibn Rushd 1980; Ibn Hubal 2005), mufatteh Genus : Juniperus sudad (deobstruent) (Rafiquddin 1985; Khan 2012; Section : Juniperus sect. Juniperus Kabiruddin 1951), mujaffif (desiccant) (Ibn Baitar Subsection : Juniperus subsect. Juniperus 1985; Rafiquddin 1985; Khan 2012; Kabiruddin Species : J. Communis

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1985), mulattif (demulcent) (Ibn Baitar 1985; 1926; Hasan 1793; Kabiruddin 1951), usr-e- Rafiquddin 1985; Khan 2012; Ghani 1926; Sheerazi baul (dysurea), Ali, 2009), usr-e-haiz (dysmenorrnea) 1793; Kabiruddin 1951;), muqaww-e-bah (Ali, 2009), waja‘ khusyaal-rahim (ovarian pain) (Khan (aphrodisiac) (Ghani, 1926), muqawwi-e- 2012), waja-ul-mafasil (polyarthritis) (Ali mida (stomachic) (Rafiquddin, 1985; Ghani, 1926; 2009), waja-ul-uzn (otalgia) (Hasan 1793; Kabiruddin Kabiruddin 1951), musakkin (analgesic) (Ali, 2009; 1951), waja-ul-batn (abdominal pain) (Ibn Baitar Ghani 1926), mushil (purgative) (Ibn Baitar 1985; 1985; (Khan 2019; Ghani 1926; Kabiruddin Rafiquddin 1985; Khan 2012; Ghani 1926), mushil-e- 1951), waaj-us sadr (chest pain) (Hasan balgham (phlegmagogue) (Khan 2012), mushil-e- 1793), zalqal-am‘a’ (Lienteric diarrhoea) (Ghani sauda (melanogogue) (Khan 2012), musqit-e- 1926; Kabiruddin 1951), zeequn nafas (asthma) (Ibn janeen (abortificaient) (Ibn Baitar 1985; Rafiquddin Baitar 1985; (Khan 2019; Ghani 1926; Hasan 1793; 1985; Khan 2012; Ghani 1926; Hasan 1793; Ibn Rushd Kabiruddin 1951). 1980; Ibn Hubal 2005), mutayyab-e-dahan (mouth freshner) (Khan, 2012; Ghani, Dose 1926), qabiz (astringent) (Rafiquddin, 1985; Khan, 2012; Ghani, 1926; Ibn Sina, 1898; Kabiruddin, Some are 3-5 gm (Ali 2009; Rafiquddin 1985; Kabiruddin 1951) while some recommended 7-10 gm 1951), qatil-e-kirm-e-shikam (vermicidal) (Ibn Baitar (Ibn Baitar 1985). 1985; Khan 2012).

Substitute Potent Action

In case of non-availability of the main drug a substitute The potent action are Mudir (diuretics) (Rafiquddin may be used for the medicinal purpose Zeera 1985), Musqit-e-janeen (abortifacient) (Rafiquddin, 1985). safaid (Cuminum cyminum Linn.) (Rafiquddin 1985), kaknaj (Physlis alkekengi Lin.), barg Uses suddab (Ruta graveolens Linn.) (Kabiruddin 1935), daarchini (Cinnamomum verum J. Persl.) (Ibn The uses mentioned in literature are arranged Rushd 1980) alphabetically, these are as : Bakr-e-ul fam (halitosis) (Ibn Baitar 1985), balkhora (alopecia errata) (Ibn Baitar Corrective 1985; Khan 2012; Ghani 1926), bawaseer (piles) (ibn Kishneez (Coriandrum sativum) (Rafiquddin baitar 1985; Khan 2012; Ghani 1926), daa-us 1985)11, nabat safeed (sugar) (Rafiquddin 1985), gil salab (psoriaisis) (Khan 2012), deedan-e-Ama (worm Armani (armanian bole), waj (Acorus calamus) infestation) (Khan 2012; Ghani 1926), ehtibas-e- haiz (amenorrhea) (Ali 2009, Kabiruddin 1951), falij Chemical Constituents (paralysis) (Khan 2012; Ghani 1926; Kabiruddin 1951), Amrad safrawiyya (bilious ailments) (Khan It contains monoterpene-α-pinene, α-cedrol, carene, α- 2012; Ghani 1926), istikha (falcidiity) (Kabiruddin terpinolen, and terpineol-4, sesquiterpenes - beta- 1951), istisqa-e-ziqqi (ascitis) (Ali 2009; Khan 2012; caryophyllene, delta-cadinene, farnesol, gamma- Ghani 1926; Kabiruddin 1951), jamra (carbuncle) (Ibn elemente, gamma-muurolene, humulene and Baitar 1985; Khan 2012; Ibn Sina 1898), muzmin pregeijerene, diterpenes - sugiol, xanthoperol, 4-epi- qurooh (lupoid ulcer/malignant ulcer) (Ibn Baitar abietic acid, 4-epi-dehydroabietic acid, 4-epi-palustric 1985; Khan 2012; Ghani 1926; Ibn Sina 1898; acid, 4-epi-abietinal, 4-epi-abietinol, isopimaric acid, Kabiruddin 1951; Ibn Hubal 2005), muzmin sozak isocommunic acid, [-] ent-trans communicacid and (chronic gonorrhoea) (Ali 2009; Ghani 1926), muzmin sandracopimaric acid, neolignan glycosides - warm-e-kuliya (chronic nephritis) (Ali 2009; junipercomnoside A and B andicariside E4, lignans - Kabiruddin 1951), qaraqar-e-shikam (flatulence) podophyllotoxin, tannins, gallocatechins and (Kabiruddin 1951), qurooh-e-lissa (gum ulcers) (Ibn flavonoids-scutellarein, luteolin-7-O-b-D- glucoside, Baitar 1985; Khan 2012; Ghani 1026), qurooh-e- nicotiflorin, kaempferol-3-O-β-D- glucoside, sa‘iyya (spreading ulcer) (Hasan 1793; Kabiruddin Kaempferol-3-O- a-rhamnopyranoside, Quercetin-3-a- 1951; Ibn Hubal 2005), sangrehni (dysentery) O-L-rhamnopyranoside, Quercitrin, Isoquercitrin, (Kabiruddin 1951), sara (epilapsy) (Khan 2019; Ghani Quercetin-3-O-arabinosyl-glucoside, rutin, quercetin, 1926), sarsam (meningitis) (Ghani, 1926), tarash luteolin, apigenin, amentoflavone, isocutellarein, (partial deafness) (Ibn Baitar 1985; (Khan 2019; Ghani hypolaetin, kaempferol 3-O-alpha-rhamnopyranoside,

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nicotiflorin and naringenin (Tabacik and Poisson, 1971; catalepsy in rats in a dose-dependent manner (Bais et Thomas et al., 1973; Wagner and Wolff, 1977; Lamer- al. 2014). Zarawska, 1977; Friedrich and Engelshowe, 1978; Antidiabetic Activity: The methanolic extract Markkanen et al., 1981; Hiermann et al., 1996; Topcu et significantly reduces blood glucose level in al., 1999; Johnson, 2001; Leitner et al., 2002; Cool and streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats in comparison Adams, 2003; Nakanishi et al., 2004; De Marino et al., to Glibenclamide (Banerjee et al. 2013). Decoction of 2011; Benzina et al., 2015; Bais et al., 2017;). juniper fruits showed significant hypoglycemic activity in normal rats after a single dose in streptozotocin- Pharmacological studies induced diabetic rats after 24-day treatment (Sanchez et al. 1994). Various pharmacological studies reported on Abhal (Juniperus communis Linn.) are Antifertility activity: Various extracts of Juniperus alphabetically arranged below: communis were revealed that the extract possessed antiprogestational activity which accounts for its Abortifacient activity: Fifty percent ethanol extract orally showed dose-dependent anti-implantation or antifertility effect (Pathak 1990). abortifacient activity during 1 to 7 days of pregnancy Antifungal Activity: The essential oil obtained from (Agrawal et al. 1980). aerial parts of JC by hydrodistillation showed antifungal Analgesic activity: Methanolic extract showed (in-vitro) activity against two fungi, Rhizoctonia analgesic activity in the formalin test, acetic acid- solani and Rhizopus stolonifer due to the presence of induced writhing, and tail-flick tests in comparison to high content of oxygenated monoterpenes (Labedzka standard acetylsalicylic acid in a dose-dependent 2009; Kumar, et al., 2010). manner. The blocking effect of naloxone confirms the Anti-Inflammatory Activity: Aqueous extract showed central analgesic activity (Banerjee et al. 2012). anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting prostaglandin Antihyperlipidemic activity: Methanolic extract and PAF-exocytosis (Tunon et al., 1995). significantly increases HDL level in streptozotocin- Antimalarial Activity: The essential oil obtained from induced diabetes in rats in comparison to glibenclamide aerial parts of JC by hydrodistillation showed (Banerjeeet al., 2013). The methanolic extract antimalarial activity on Plasmodium falciparum significantly reduces total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, (Milhua et al. 1997). VLDL, with the elevation of HDL levels in a dose- Antimicrobial effect: Juniper essential oil showed dependent manner in diabetic rats (Akdogan et al. antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter spp., 2012). Alternaria sp., Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, B. Antiarthritis activity: A biologically active compound Cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Candida albicans, amentoflavone isolated from the plant Juniperus Corynebacterium spp. Escherichia coli, Haemophillus communis showed a positive result in controlling influnzae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Listeria inflammation in Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proteus rats (Bais et al. 2017). Methylene chloride extracts mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas of Juniperi lignum, Juniperi pseudo-fructus, and the aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, Shigella flexneri, ethyl acetate extract of Juniperi pseudo- Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, fructus showed significant inhibition on the Streptococcus agalactiae, as compared to Ampicillin production of [12[S]-hydroxy-5,8,10,14- and Erythromycin (Angioni et al. 2003; Pepeljnjak et al. eicosatetraenoic acid] (Schneider et al. 2004). 2005; Gordien et al. 2009; Kumar et al., 2009; Rezvani et al. , 2009; Miceli et al., 2009, Kumar et al. 2010; Sati Antibacterial Activity: Methanolic, ethanolic, and Joshi 2010; Sela et al. 2013; Carpenter et al. 2012; chloroform, and hexane extracts of leaves showed Haziri et al. 2013). antibacterial activity against five pathogenic multidrug- resistant bacteria (Erwinia chrysanthemi, Escherichia Antioxidant activity: Oil showed antioxidant activity coli, Bacillus subtilis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, in the in-vitro study by using DPPH scavenging and Xanthomonas phaseoli), by using the disc diffusion superoxide scavenging, ABTS radical cation scavenging, method as compared to standard antibiotics (ampicillin and hydroxyl radical scavenging (Hoferl et al. 2014). 10 mcg and erythromycin 15 mcg) (Sati and Joshi Water and ethanol extracts of juniper showed free 2010). radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and metal Anticataleptic Activity: Methanolic extract of J. chelating activities, it’s essential oil also showed Communis reduces catalepsy in reserpine-induced antioxidant activity in in vitro studies (Elmastas et al.,

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2006; Miceli et al., 2009; Stoilova et al., 2014; Ved et al., alcohol, and stress-induced gastric ulceration in rats 2017). and histamine-induced duodenal lesions in guinea pigs. Biochemical analysis of gastric juice revealed that the Antiparasitic effect: Methanolic extract of JC showed extract significantly decreased its volume and total schistosomicidal and molluscicidal activities acidity without altering its pH and peptic activity in Schistosoma mansoni Sambon worms (Pramanik et al., 2007). and Biomphalaria Alexandrina (Ehrenberg) snails (Ghaly et al., 2016a). Hepatoprotective effect: The methanolic extract significantly decreases the level of SGPT and SGOT in Antiurolithiatic effects: Fractions of the extract streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in comparison to of Juniperus communis fruit reduces the weight of the glibenclamide (Banerjee et al. 2013). Ethanol and dry powder of stones brought out from human kidneys aqueous extract reduced the increased levels of serum composed of calcium oxalate, calcium hydrogen glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGPT), serum phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline ammonium urate in vitro study (Barzegarnejad et al., phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin, which showed 2014). protection against hepatic cells against CCl4 induced Cytotoxic effect: Ethyl acetate fractions of Juniperus hepatotoxicity (Manvi and Garg, 2010). Ethyl acetate communis leaves WST-1 proliferation assay clearly fraction remarkable decrease in serum aspartate showed that EAF did not affect HepG2 cell viability after aminotransferase, serum alanine aminotransferase, treatment for 24 h at all concentrations tested (Ved et total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and alkaline al. 2017). Methanolic extract recorded cytotoxicity phosphatase level in the treatment group as compared activity in vitro assay against three cancer cell lines, to the hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol in Wistar human prostate cancer cells, human colon cancer cells, rats (Ved e al., 2017). Ethanolic fruits extract and breast cancer cells (Ghaly et al., 2016b). Diterpene of Solanum xanthocarpum and Juniperus isocupressic acid and the aryltetralin lignan communis in combination significantly normalize the deoxypodophyllotoxin effectively induced caspase- biochemical factors and histopathological changes dependent programmed cell death [apoptosis] in induced through paracetamol and azithromycin in rats malignant MB231 breast cancer cells. Aryltetralin (Singh et al. 2016). lignan deoxypodophyllotoxin also inhibited cell Neuroprotective Activity: Methanolic extract of leaves survival pathways mediated by the MAPK/ERK and of JC reduced catalepsy significantly in reserpine and NFκB signaling pathways within hours of treatment chlorpromazine induced Parkinson’s disease models in (Benzina et al., 2015). Methanolic extract of the fresh animals (Bais et al., 2015). The neuroprotective activity ripe berries prevented cell cycle progression in p53-null was evaluated using behavior parameters like catalepsy CaLu-6 cells and induces upregulation of cyclin- [bar test], muscle rigidity [rot rod test], and locomotor dependent kinase inhibition as well as the degradation activity [actophotometer], and biochemical parameters of cyclins A, D1, and E1 (De Marino et al., 2011). Berry [TBARS, GSH, nitrite, and total protein] in rats brain. extract induced the p53-associated apoptosis through Such data showed a therapeutic effect against the potentiation and synergism by several phenolic Parkinson’s disease (Rana and Bais 2014). compounds (Lantto et al., 2016). Tyrosinase suppressive activity: The methanolic Diuretic activity: Ten percent aqueous infusion of extract of JC containing hypolaetin 7-O-β- juniper exert significant diuretic effect after two to xylopyranoside effectively suppressed mushroom three days of treatment due to the essential oil and tyrosinase activity and α-MSH-induced melanin partly to hydrophilic constituents (Lashera et al., 1986; synthesis (Jegal et al., 2016). Stanic et al., 1998). Vessels and trachea protective effects in passive Effects on memory: The effects of inhaled juniper smoking: Oil of JC reverses the endothelial dysfunction, volatile oil exhibited a decrease of spontaneous the vasomotor impairment associated with passive alternations percentage within Y-maze task and exposure to cigarette smoke in female rats exposed to increase of working memory and reference memory daily passive smoking for 6 weeks (Stuza et al. 2011). errors within radial arm maze task on spatial memory Juniper oil administered altered physiological performance were assessed in an amyloid-β -induced mechanisms of neurogenic regulation of memory deficits in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease tracheobronchial tone, with the emergence of (Cioanca et al., 2014). disbalance component of sympathetic, parasympathetic Gastrointestinal effects: Crude leaf extract component bronchodilators, bronchoconstriction, significantly inhibited aspirin, serotonin, indomethacin, respectively and increased the bioactivity of nitric oxide

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(AYUSH), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Azhar MU, Javed K, Jafri MA. Plant with Government of India, 2003; 72. nephroprotective activity, Hamdard Medicus, 2005c; 48(4): 33-43. Anonymous. National Formulary of Unani Medicine, Vol-I, Part-V, New Delhi, Department of Ayurveda, Yoga Azhar MU, Khan SA, Aslam M, Javed K, Jafri MA. & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy Nephroprotective activity of kulthi (Dolichos biflorus) (AYUSH), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, on gentamicin induced toxicity in rats, Journal Science Government of India, 2008; 105-106. and Pharmacy, 2004b; 5(2): 50-53.

Azhar MU, Ahmad Z, Mustehasan. Effect of unani Azhar MU, Khanam D, Aslam M, Tajuddin, Jafri MA. medicine in Iltihab-e-JildHuzaazi (seborrheic Plants with nephrotoxic activity, Journal Science and dermatitis) of head: a case study, International Journal Pharmacy, 2004b; 5(3): 97-103. of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, 2020c; Azhar MU, Mustehasan, Alam M, Ahmad SG, Anjum N, 7(2): 41-43. Quddusi N. Nephroprotective unani drug Khar-e- Azhar MU, Akhtar F, Aslam M, Anwer M, Tajuddin Jafri Khasak Khurd (Tribulus terrestris linn.)-a review, MA. Nephroprotective activity of some herbal International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological preparations, Hamdard Medicus, 2005a; 49(1): 110- Sciences, 2020c; 7(1): 24-36. 115. Azhar MU, Quddusi N, Akhtar J, Akram U, Anjum N, Azhar MU, Akhtar J, Akram U, Anjum N, Quddusi N. Hannan A. Pharmacological activities of salajit Pharmacological activity of holy drug zaitoon (Olea (asphaltum)-a unani drug, Indian Journal of Unani europaea linn.)-review, Indian Journal of Unani Medicine, 2011b; 4(1): 5-8. Medicine, 2011; 4(1): 85-91. Azhar MU, Quddusi N, Parveen S, Tajuddin, Siddiqui Azhar MU, Alam M, Aslam M, Javed K, Jafri MA. Role of KM, Siddiqui MK. Daa-us-sadaf (psoriasis) and role of asgand (Withania somnifera) in cadmium chloride herbal drugs, Hamdard Medicus, 2010; 53(1): 51-57. induced nephrotoxicity in rats, Hamdard Medicus, Azhar MU, Tajuddin, Jafri MA. Nephroprotective effect 2005c; 48 (3): 48-51. of Kulthi (Macrotyloma uniflorum (lam) verdc.) on Azhar MU, Anjum N, Quddusi N, Akhtar J, Akram U, acute renal failure in rats, Hippocratic Journal of Unani Yadav PK. Pharmacologically active nephroprotective Medicine, 2008; 3(4): 97-102. plants-a review, Hamdard Medicus, 2013; 56(2): 56-76. Azhar MU. Effect of herbal unani formulation on Azhar MU, Anjum N, Quddusi N. Pharmacological nephrotic syndrome: a case study, Indian Journal of activity of Khurma (Phoenix dactylifera linn.) a review, Traditional Knowledge, 2018; 17(4): 807-810. Hamdard Medicus, 2015a; 58(2): 71-83. Bais S, Abrol N, Prashar Y and Kumari R. Modulatory Azhar MU, Anjum N, Quddusi N. Pharmacologically effect of standardised amentoflavone isolated from active cardioprotective plants at a glance, Hamdard Juniperus communis L. agianst Freund's adjuvant Medicus, 2015b; 58 (1): 51-83. induced arthritis in rats [histopathological and X Ray anaysis]. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 86:381-392. Azhar MU, Anjum N. Revand chini (chinese rhubarb) –a review on historical and unani classical prospect, Bais S, Gill S, Rana N. Effect of J. Communis extract on International Journal of Unani and Integrative Medicine, reserpine induced catalepsy, Inventi Rapid: 2019a; 3(1): 11-18. Ethnopharmacology, 2014; 2014(4) 1-4.

Azhar MU, Ansari RI, Ahmad S. Clinical effect of Barg-e- Bais S, Gill. SD Rana. Effect of Juniperus communis Jhao (Tamarix arti culata vahl.) in hepatosplenomegaly- extract on reserpine induced catalepsy, a case study, International journal of AYUSH case Ethnopharmacology 2015; 4(4) 1-4. reports (IJA CARE), 2019b; 3(2): 128-135. Banerjee S, Mukherjee A, Chatterjee TK. Evaluation of Azhar MU, Ayub S, Anjum N, Ahmad S. Effect of analgesic activities of methanolic extract of medicinal Jawarish bisbasa on dyslipidemia-a case study, plant Juniperus communis Linn, International Journal of International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012; 4(5): Sciences, 2020a; 7(1): 20-23. 547-550.

Azhar MU, Ayub S, Anjum N, Ahmad S. Role of dieto- Banerjee S, Singh H and Chatterjee TK. Evaluation of therapy in weight and dyslipidemia management - a anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic potential of case study, International Journal of Scientific Research methanolic extract of Juniperus communis [L.] in in Biological Sciences, 2020b; 7(1): 17-19. streptozotocin nicotinamide induced diabetic rats.

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