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IPDP: PRC: Jiangyong County Subproject, Hunan Flood

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IPDP: PRC: Jiangyong County Subproject, Hunan Flood Ethnic Minority Development Plan November 2011 People’s Republic of China: Hunan Flood Management Sector Project (Jiangyong County Subproject) Prepared by the Hunan Provincial Government for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 November 2011) Currency unit – Yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.1572 $1.00 = CNY6.3595 NOTE (i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This ethnic minority development plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Jiangyong County Urban Flood Control Subproject ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Jiangyong County PMO 1 Table of Contents I.INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………5 II.BACKGROUND…………………………………………………………………………………………………………5 A. PROJECT DESCRIPTION………………………………………………………………………………………………5 B. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN HUNAN……………………………………………………………………………………….ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. C. LEGAL FRAMEWORK………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 1. POLICY, PLANS AND PROGRAM…………………………………………………………………………………...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 2. ADB POLICY ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN PROJECT AREAS (PA)…………………………………………….. ..7 III. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE PROJECT AREA………………………………………………………………….ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. A. METHODOLOGY……………………………………………………………………………………………………….ERR OR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. B. MINORITY POPULATION IN FOUR RIVER BASINS…………………………………………………………………….ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. C. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN PROJECT COUNTIES……………………………………………………………………….10 D. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN JIANGYONG COUNTY…………………………………………………………………12 E. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN PROJECT PROTECTED AREAS (PPA)…………………………………………………….13 F. ETHNIC GROUPS AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION………………………………………………………………………..15 1.YAO………………………………………………………………………………………………………………15 2. OTHER MINORITIES…………………………………………………………………………………………16 G. SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MINORITY COMMUNITIES………………………………………………16 H. ON GOING MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS………………………………………………………………...18 IV. PROJECT IMPACTS ON MINORITIES…………………………………………………………………………...21 A. PAST FLOOD IMPACT……………………………………………………………………………………………......21 B. PROJECT BENEFITS FOR DIFFERENT BENEFICIARIES……………………………………………………………..22 2 C. POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF RESETTLEMENT………………………………………………………………24 D. EXPECTATIONS AND CONCERNS……………………………………………………………………………………28 E. POVERTY REDUCTION MEASUREMENT………………………………………………………………………….....29 V. ACTION PLAN………………………………………………………………………………………………………..39 A. SPECIFIC MEASURES/ ACTIVITIES………………………………………………………………………………….39 1.MITIGATION MEASURES…………………………………………………………………………………………..39 2. ENHANCEMENT MEASURES……………………………………………………………………………………...41 3. PROJECT BENEFIT MEASURES…………………………………………………………………………………..42 B. BUDGET AND FINANCING SOURCES………………………………………………………………………………..42 C. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT………………………………………………………………………………….42 D. MONITORING AND EVALUATION (M & E)…………………………………………………………………………...43 3 I. INTRODUCTION This Ethnic Minorities Development Plan (EMDP) is prepared to ensure equitable sharing of the project benefits and mitigation measures by the concerned minority communities and individuals in the project area of the Jiangyong Flood Control Subproject, which is part of Hunan Provincial Flood Management Project in Hunan Province, People‟s Republic of China (PRC). The EMDP for Jiangyong Subproject is based on the PPTA‟s Resettlement Plan, the Social and Poverty Assessment, and consultation with ethnic minority groups, local county governments and their respective line agencies. A summary of distribution and socioeconomic characteristics of ethnic minorities in the project areas – four river basins, and 35 subprojects will be the context for such assessment. Based on review of social and poverty conditions of ethnic minorities in both Jiangyong County and the project protected areas, adequate provisions to enhance the economic conditions of minority groups have been integrated in project design. Provisions for special mitigation measures have been included in the resettlement plan, which will help ensure that ethnic minorities adversely affected by resettlement will also benefit from the project. Current government policies and programs for ethnic minorities further help to protect and enhance project benefits to ethnic minority groups. This plan targets the Yao nationality in the project area, which account for about 51.5% of the total ethnic minority population in Jiangyong County. II. BACKGROUND A. Project Description The proposed Jiangyong Flood Control Subproject is one of the 35 subprojects under Hunan Flood Management Project. The subproject is located in Xiaopu Town (the county town of Jiangyong County) and it belongs to the jurisdiction scope of Yongzhou City, which is situated in the southeast of Hunan. Xiaopu Town is the center of politics, economy, culture, science and education of Jiangyong County. Jiangyong County covers an area of 1632.6 km2 with the Yongming and Taochuan rivers flowing through it, of which the Yongming River flows through the Jiangyong County town from north to south. The county town is surrounded by hills and Xiaopu Town is divided into 2 parts by Yongming River. Most of the urban houses are built along the river. Limited by geographical location, Jiangyong County is attacked by floods every 3 to 5 years on average, which directly threaten the safety of life and property of the people and slow down the economic development of this area. The maximum flood level taken place in 1985 reached 226.11m. Over 40% of the total urban area were inundated， the power supply and communication were broken, 18,000 people were affected and the direct economic loss is CNY 230 million. The main objective of the proposed Jiangyong subproject is to: （i）protect Jiangyong from flood threat; （ ii）strengthen the management of Yongming River drainage basin, which is a component of Hunan Flood Management Project. The subproject includes: 4 Build dike with a length of 6.67km in the 2 protection areas of Jiangyong County along the both banks of Yongming River; Build 4 culvert gates in Jiangyong County town. The area protected by the project will be 8.0km2. According preliminary feasibility study, the total investment for Jiangyong subproject would be CNY 44.94 million, out of which, 42 percent would be financed by ADB loan. B. Ethnic Minorities in Hunan There are as many as 55 ethnic minority groups1 in Hunan making up a population of 8.33 million or 12.2% of Hunan‟s total population. There is one autonomous prefecture of ethnic minority in Hunan, which administrates 8 counties, 7 minority autonomous counties with more than 50% of the populating as minorities and 2 unofficial minority counties enjoying minority county benefits. Besides these minority counties, there are 100 ethnic minority townships in 34 counties. In Hunan, there are 8 minorities with a population over 10,000, they are Tujia, Miao, Dong, Yao, Bai, Hui (Muslims), Zhuang and Mongolia. These eight groups make up over 99.3% of the total minority population of Hunan. Most of them are located in the western Hunan (i.e., the Xiangxi Prefecture, Huaihua and Zhangjiajie municipalities), and the minorities in the western Hunan account for 75% of Hunan‟s total minority population. Table 2-1 presents the details based on the 5th national census. Tab 2-1: Minority People in Hunan Province (2007) Items Ethnic group Population % of minority % of total population groups Main group Han 59,723,105 87.8 Tujia 3,536,976 42.4 Miao 2,401,869 28.8 Minority groups Dong 1,027,390 12.3 Yao 951,161 11.4 Bai 175,836 2.1 1 In other words, all the 56 ethnic groups within China (55 ethnic minority groups and Han) are represented in Hunan. 5 Hui 126,578 1.5 Zhuang 33,925 0.4 Mongol 23,804 0.3 Other 56,364 0.7 Subtotal 8,333,902 100 12.2 Total 68,057,007 Source: Fifth Consensus data, Hunan Statistical Year Book 2008. C. Legal Framework 1. Policy, Plans and Program After 1949 the PRC Government adopted a policy of ethnic equality, in which all groups are legally and constitutionally equal. Given the inferior social and economic conditions of most minorities, the government adopted a policy of positive discrimination in favor of the minority nationalities (minzu) to help them "catch up" with the mainstream population. To implement this policy, the Government first clarified, enumerated and mapped the identity of ethnic groups. PRC post-1949 policy defines nationalities (minzu) in very precise terms, based on, inter alia, shared language, territory, economic base, and traditions/culture. Under this definition, the Han constitute the dominant nationality in the PRC. Some minority nationalities (e.g. Hui and Man) have become assimilated into the Han language and cultural traditions - but are still recognized as minority nationalities. Since 1949 there has been a tendency for smaller ethnic groups to fuse and merge in the definition of officially recognized minority nationalities. The 1954 Constitution specified mechanisms for exercising autonomy in minority areas. The 1974 Constitution reduced the financial autonomy, and other powers, of these areas. Some of these powers were restored in the 1978 Constitution and further extended by the State Council (1980) and the National Law of
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