308 Genus Teriomima Kirby

AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES 17th edition (2018). MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb

Genus Teriomima Kirby, 1887

Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 19: 364 (360-369). Type-species: Teriomima subpunctata Kirby, by original designation.

The genus Teriomima belongs to the Family Lycaenidae Leach, 1815; Subfamily Poritiini Doherty, 1886; Tribe Liptenini Röber, 1892. The other genera in the Tribe Liptenini in the Afrotropical Region are Liptena, Obania, Kakumia, Tetrarhanis, Falcuna, Larinopoda, Micropentila, Pseuderesia, Eresina, Eresiomera, Parasiomera, Citrinophila, Argyrocheila, Euthecta, Baliochila, Cnodontes, Congdonia, Eresinopsides, Toxochitona, Mimacraea and Mimeresia.

Teriomima (Buffs) is a purely Afrotropical genus containing seven species.

Subgenus Teriomima Kirby, 1887

Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 19: 364 (360-369). Type-species: Teriomima subpunctata Kirby, by original designation.

A purely Afrotropical subgenus containing five species.

*Teriomima (Teriomima) subpunctata Kirby, 1887 White Buff

Teriomima subpunctata Kirby, 1887. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 19: 364 (360-369). Teriomima subpunctata Kirby, 1887. d’Abrera, 2009: 636.

Teriomima subpunctata. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Shimba Hills National Park, Kenya. 27 April 1997. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection.

Teriomima subpunctata. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Shimba Hills National Park, Kenya. 27 April 1997. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection.

Teriomima subpunctata. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Jozani Forest, Zanzibar, Tanzania. 3 January 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C.Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [East Africa]: “West Africa?” [False locality]. Distribution: Kenya (coast), Tanzania (coast – inland to Usambara and Uluguru districts). Specific localities: Kenya – Shimba Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Rabai (Larsen, 1991c); Arabuko-Sokoke (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Usugara (Kirby, 1890; as Teriomima delicatula); Rondo Plateau (Kielland, 1990d); Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Uzungwa rift (Kielland, 1990d); Uluguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Rau Groundwater Forest Reserve, Moshi (Cordeiro, 1995). Habitat: Coastal and lowland forest, from sea level to 1 200 metres (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: This relatively common species flies from the mid-stratum to the canopy level of forest (Cordeiro, 1995). Specimens settle on dry twigs and exposed shoots (Kielland, 1990d). Often roosts in small groups on the young tendrils and shoots of creepers (Larsen, 1991c). Females oviposit on lichens on the bark of trees (Van Someren, 1974). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Tree lichens [Larsen, 1991c: 161].

delicatula Kirby, 1890 (as sp. of Teriomima). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 6: 269 (261- 274). Tanzania: “Usugara”.

*Teriomima (Teriomima) puella Kirby, 1887 Sweetheart Buff

Teriomima puella Kirby, 1887. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 19: 365 (360-369). Teriomima puella Kirby, 1887. Pringle et al., 1994: 135. Teriomima puella Kirby, 1887. d’Abrera, 2009: 636.

Teriomima puella. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mount Namuli, Mozambique. 20 April 2008. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection.

Teriomima puella. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mount Namuli, Mozambique. 27 May 2006. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection.

Type locality: [East Africa]: “West Africa”. [False locality]. Distribution: Tanzania (south-east; north-east), Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique. Specific localities: Tanzania – Masagati Forest south of Ifakara (Kielland, 1990d); Uzungwa rift (Kielland, 1990d); Mikumi National Park (Kielland, 1990d); Pugu Hills (Kielland, 1990d); Uluguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Ukaguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Morogoro. Malawi – Likhabula Pools, Mulanje (female illustrated above). Zambia – North-east (Heath et al., 2002); Petauke district (Heath et al., 2002). Mozambique – Dondo Forest (D’Abrera, 1980); Amatongas Forest; Mount Chiperone (Timberlake et al., 2007); Mt Namuli (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Mabu (Congdon et al., 2010). Habitat: Heavily wooded areas, riverine vegetation and open forests, from near sea level to 1 000 metres (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Similar to those of Teriomima puellaris (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Algae (Cyanophyta) on trees [Pringle et al., 1994: 135].

*Teriomima (Teriomima) puellaris (Trimen, 1894) Two-dotted Buff

Durbania puellaris Trimen, 1894. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 59 (14-82). Teriomima puellaris Trimen, 1894. Dickson & Kroon, 1978. Teriomima puellaris Trimen, 1894. Pringle et al., 1994: 135. Teriomima puellaris Trimen, 1894. d’Abrera, 2009: 636.

Teriomima puellaris. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Amatongas Forest, Mozambique. 15 September 1967. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection.

Teriomima puellaris. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Burma Valley, Zimbabwe. 28 December 1997. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection.

Type locality: [Mozambique]: “Vunduzi River”. Distribution: Tanzania (south), Malawi (south), Mozambique (western border with Zimbabwe), Zimbabwe (eastern border). Specific localities: Tanzania – Below Lulanda Forest, Mufindi, at 1 000 m (Congdon & Collins, 1998; single record). Mozambique – Vunduzi River (TL); Vila Gouveia [Posto de Catandica] (Pringle et al., 1994); Buzi River (Pringle et al., 1994). Zimbabwe – Vumba Mountains (Pringle et al., 1994); Mount Selinda (Pringle et al., 1994). Habitat: Montane Forest. Habits: Flies feebly in the shade of forest trees. Individuals often rest in clusters on twigs (Pringle et al., 1994). Flight period: July to April (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Algae (Cyanophyta) on trees [Pringle et al., 1994: 135].

*Teriomima (Teriomima) williami Henning & Henning, 2004

Teriomima williami Henning & Henning, 2004. Metamorphosis 15 (1): 16 (3-61). = Teriomima puellaris Trimen, 1894. d’Abrera, 2009: 636. syn. nov. Teriomima williami Henning & Henning, 2004. Collins et al., 2013: 50. stat. rev.

Type locality: Mozambique: “Dondo. 5.viii.1957 (K.M. Pennington). Holotype (male) in Transvaal Museum, Pretoria. Distribution: Mozambique. Specific localities: Mozambique – Dondo Forest (TL); Amatongas (Pringle et al., 1994); Mount Mabu (Congdon & Bampton, 2009). Habitat: Coastal Forest.

4 Habits: Flight period: Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Teriomima (Teriomima) zuluana van Son, 1949# Zulu Buff

A Zulu Buff (Teriomima zuluana) female in Manguzi Forest, KwaZulu-Natal. Images courtesy Steve Woodhall.

Teriomima zuluana van Son, 1949. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 21 (2): 211 (209-216). Teriomima zuluana Van Son. Swanepoel, 1953a. Teriomima zuluana Van Son, 1949. Dickson & Kroon, 1978. Teriomima zuluana Van Son, 1949. Pringle et al., 1994: 135. Teriomima zuluana van Son, 1949. d’Abrera, 2009: 636.

Teriomima zuluana. Male (Wingspan 26 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. False Bay Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 16 October 1994. M. Williams. Images M.C. Williams ex Williams Collection.

Teriomima zuluana. Female (Wingspan 28 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Manguzi Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 28 March 2005. J. Dobson. Images M.C.Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: South Africa: “Hluhluwe”.

Distribution of Teriomima zuluana

KwaZulu-Natal.

Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal – north). Specific localities: KwaZulu-Natal – Hluhluwe (TL); False Bay (Pennington; male illustrated above); Dukuduku Forest (Pringle et al., 1994); Emanguzi Forest (Pringle et al., 1994); Pelindaba (Pringle et al., 1994); Makatini Flats (Pringle et al., 1994); Kosi Bay Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002); Tembe Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002). Habitat: Coastal forest. Habits: The flight is slow and weak. Specimens often rest on the twigs of forest trees beneath the canopy; when at rest they often periodically open and close their wings. Females have been noted flying low down around the trunks of trees, ovipositing on the lichen-covered bark (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Tree lichens (Lichenes) [Dickson & Kroon, 1978: 85]. Algae (Cyanophyta) on trees [Pringle et al., 1994: 135].

Subgenus Chrystina Henning & Henning, 2004

Metamorphosis 15 (1): 17 (3-61).

Type-species: Durbania micra Grose-Smith, 1898, by original designation.

A purely Afrotropical subgenus containing two species. D’Abrera (2009: 636) ignores or is ignorant of this subgenus.

*Teriomima (Chrystina) micra (Grose-Smith, 1898) Minute Buff

Durbania micra Grose-Smith, 1898. Novitates Zoologicae 5: 356 (350-358). Teriomima (Chrystina) micra (Grose-Smith, 1898). Henning & Henning, 2004 comb. n. (Metamorphosis 15 (1): 18). Teriomima micra (Grose-Smith, 1898). d’Abrera, 2009: 636.

Teriomima micra. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Shimba Hills National Park, Kenya. 16 April 1997. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection.

Teriomima micra. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Shimba Hills National Park, Kenya. 16 April 1997. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection.

Type locality: [Kenya]: “River Tana, British East Africa”. Distribution: Kenya (coast), Tanzania (coast – north). Specific localities: Kenya – Tana River (TL); Shimba Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Rabai (Larsen, 1991c); Arabuko-Sokoke (Larsen, 1991c); Diani (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Coastal forest. Habits: Flight very feeble (Kielland, 1990d). Usually fly singly, in forest, roosting at the ends of dry twigs, about a metre above the ground (Larsen, 1991c). Females oviposit on lichens on the bark of trees (Van Someren, 1974). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Tree lichens [Larsen, 1991c: 162].

*Teriomima (Chrystina) parva Hawker-Smith, 1933 Poor Buff

Teriomima parva Hawker-Smith, 1933. Stylops 2: 6 (1-12). Teriomima (Chrystina) parva Hawker-Smith, 1933. Henning & Henning, 2004 comb. n. (Metamorphosis 15 (1): 19). Teriomima parva Hawker-Smith, 1933. d’Abrera, 2009: 636.

Type locality: [Kenya]: “Mombasa, Rabai”. Distribution: Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique [requires confirmation (Henning & Henning, 2004)]. Habitat: Coastal forest. In eastern Tanzania at altitudes up to 1 200 metres (Kielland, 1990d). Subspecies beylissi is found in submontane forest (Henning & Henning, 2004). Habits: Settles on exposed twigs and shoots, moving the closed wings from side to side (Kielland, 1990d). On the wing they are almost impossible to distinguish from the largely sympatric Teriomima micra (Grose-Smith, 1898) (Larsen, 1991c). Eggs laid among lichens on the bark of trees (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. 7

Teriomima (Chrystina) parva parva Hawker-Smith, 1933

Type locality: [Kenya]: “Mombasa, Rabai”. Distribution: Kenya (coast), Tanzania (coast – as far inland as Amani), Mozambique (coast) [requires confirmation (Henning & Henning, 2004)]. Specific localities: Kenya – Mombasa (TL); Rabai (Hawker-Smith, 1933); coast (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Uluguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Mikumi National Park (Kielland, 1990d).

Teriomima (Chrystina) parva beylissi Henning & Henning, 2004

Teriomima (Chrystina) parva beylissi Henning & Henning, 2004. Metamorphosis 15 (1): 19 (3-61).

Teriomima parva beylissi. Male (Holotype) upperside and underside (ex Henning & Henning, 2004).

Teriomima parva beylissi. Female (Paratype) upperside and underside (ex Henning & Henning, 2004).

Type locality: Tanzania: “Manga Forest Reserve, Muheza District, Tanga Region, 38° 47’E-5° 02’S. 23.x.1994 (V. Beyliss).” Holotype and paratypes in ABRI Collection, Kenya. Distribution: Tanzania. Known only from the type locality. Specific localities: Tanzania – Manga Forest Reserve, Muheza District (TL). Remarks: Named for its discoverer, V. Beyliss (Henning & Henning, 2004). The butterfly was actually supposed to be named after Dr Julian Bayliss of the Wildlife Conservation Society (pers. comm. Feb., 2005). 8

Note: d’Abrera (2009: 636) makes no mention of this taxon.