DOCSLIB.ORG

Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) En La Prepuna De Jujuy (Noroeste De Argentina) Revista De Biología Tropical, Vol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) En La Prepuna De Jujuy (Noroeste De Argentina) Revista De Biología Tropical, Vol Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Gomez, Graciela Cecilia; Neder de Román, Lilia Estela; Linares, Mario Alfredo; Zamar, María Inés Morfología de los estados inmaduros y biología de Cactoblastis doddi (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) en la prepuna de Jujuy (noroeste de Argentina) Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 63, núm. 4, 2015, pp. 971-980 Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44942283007 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Morfología de los estados inmaduros y biología de Cactoblastis doddi (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) en la prepuna de Jujuy (noroeste de Argentina) Graciela Cecilia Gomez1, Lilia Estela Neder de Román1, Mario Alfredo Linares2 & María Inés Zamar1 1. CIT-CONICET-UNJu- Instituto de Biología de la Altura. Av. Bolivia 1661, Jujuy, Argentina; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2. UNJu- Instituto de Biología de la Altura; [email protected] Recibido 09-XII-2014. Corregido 03-VII-2015. Aceptado 03-VIII-2015. Abstract: Morphology of the immature stages and biology of Cactoblastis doddi (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Prepuna in Jujuy (Northwestern Argentina). In argentinian Northwestern five species or biotypes of the genus Cactoblastis Ragonot are recognized on cacti: C. cactorum (Berg), C. Bucyrus Dyar, C. mundelli Heinrich, C. doddi Heinrich and C. ronnai (Brèthes). Cactoblastis doddi feeds on Opuntia sulphurea, a native cactus. The objectives of this study were to morphologically characterize immature stages of C. doddi and to know bioecological aspects (duration of the development, distribution, larval parasitoids) to understand the insect-plant interaction. Sampling were conducted at seven sites located at different altitudes (2 100-3 100 meters) in Jujuy’s prepuna, Argentina. Each sample consisted of five infested cladodes of O. sulphurea in each site. In the laboratory, lepidopteran breeding was performed under the following conditions: temperature 23 ± 3°C, relative humidity 69 ± 11 % and photoperiod of 12 hours light-12 hours dark. Under previous conditions, Cactoblastis doddi had two generations: a long one in winter (> 258 days) and a short one in summer (147 days), both with seven larval instars. Each immature stage and instars were morphologically characterized. Two larval parasitoids were detected Apanteles opuntiarum Martínez y Berta, and Habrobracon sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). It confirms and extends the Argentinian distribution of C. doddi to Coraya, Jujuy (3 069 m). Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (4): 971-980. Epub 2015 December 01. Key words: Cactoblastis doddi, life cycle, distribution, Opuntia sulphurea, Argentina. Cactoblastis Ragonot es un género sud- En el noroeste argentino Opuntia sulphu- americano que incluye cinco especies: C. rea G. Don in Loudon, componente importante cactorum (Berg), C. bucyrus Dyar, C. mun- de la flora autóctona, contribuye significativa- delli Heinrich, C. doddi Heinrich, C. ronnai mente a la regeneración y estabilidad del suelo (Brèthes). Estas especies se alimentan de dife- protegiéndolo de la desertificación. Es hos- rentes cactáceas (Zimmermann, Erb, & McFad- pedadora de C. doddi Heinrich (Lepidoptera: yen, 1979; Arce de Hamity & Neder de Román, Pyralidae), especie nativa de las regiones más 1999). En la Argentina, de las 225 especies de áridas de Argentina. Mann (1969) indica que la cactáceas (Kiesling, 1999), 20 pertenecen al distribución se extiende principalmente en la género Opuntia Miller, cuatro de ellas endé- zona occidental (centro y norte) del país; fue micas. Estas plantas contribuyen en forma descrita en 1939 a partir de ejemplares adultos significativa a la regeneración y estabilidad recolectados en Opuntia sulphurea y O. ficus del suelo y son la principal fuerza en la lucha indica de la localidad de Tapia (Tucumán, contra la desertificación (Zimmermann, Bloem, Argentina). McFadyen (1985) estudió los esta- & Klein, 2007). dos inmaduros de las especies de Cactoblastis Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 63 (4): 971-980, December 2015 971 de la Argentina y encontró variaciones impor- temperatura: 23 ± 3°C; humedad relativa: 69 tantes en las manchas de las larvas del último ± 11 % y fotoperiodo 12 horas luz-12 horas estadio, que le permitieron diferenciar diez oscuridad. Para el seguimiento del desarrollo biotipos, de los cuales cinco se encuentran en el larval se acondicionaron cinco cladodios de O. noroeste de Argentina (NOA): C. doddi, Cacto- sulphurea (de aproximadamente 15 cm de largo blastis sp. cercana a doddi, Cactoblastis sp. B, por 10 cm de ancho), infestados con orugas C. bucyrus y C. cactorum. de II estadio de C. doddi, procedentes de cada Hasta el presente la única información sitio. Los cladodios se distribuyeron en jaulas sobre la biología de C. doddi fue aportada de 22 x 32 x 28 cm. Cada dos días se realizó por Mann (1969) a partir de la cría sobre una pequeña incisión en el ápice de un cladodio varias especies de Opuntia, en la Argentina y de cada sitio, para registrar la duración de los Australia, con distintos grados de éxito, pero distintos estadios de desarrollo. Para asegurar sin indicar las condiciones ambientales expe- la continuidad de la cría, siempre se dispuso, rimentales. Los objetivos del presente trabajo en cada jaula, un cladodio sin infestación. En fueron caracterizar morfológicamente los esta- cada observación se extrajeron mudas y larvas. dos inmaduros de C. doddi y conocer aspectos Para la alimentación de las larvas se utili- bioecológicos (duración del desarrollo, distri- zó sustrato natural; para la pupación se colocó bución, parasitoides larvales) para comprender arena en la base de las jaulas, que le sirvió de la interacción insecto-planta. refugio. Los adultos emergidos de la primera generación de laboratorio fueron acondiciona- MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS dos en jaulas con cladodios como sustrato para la oviposición, y fueron alimentados con una En el trabajo de campo, se muestrea- solución de miel de abejas comercial diluida al ron siete sitios con gran concentración de 70 %. Se registró la longevidad de los adultos y O. sulphurea a distintos niveles altitudinales la duración de cada estado y estadio. entre los 2 100 m y 3 100 m, ubicados en la Provincia fitogeográfica de Prepuna (Cabrera Morfología de los estados inmaduros: & Willink, 1973; Cabrera, 1976): Tumbaya Se realizó la descripción morfológica de los (23º49’42” S-65º29’00” W; 2 156 m), Hornillos estados de huevo, larva y pupa bajo microsco- (23º39’16” S - 65º25’57” W; 2 378 m), San pio estereoscópico Leica EZ4. El número de Pedrito (23º36’17” S - 65º22’00” W; 2 427 m), estadios larvales se obtuvo por observación del Tilcara (23º 34’60” S - 65º24’39” W; 2 461 m), material y se corroboró mediante la aplicación Chucalezna (23º19’00” S - 65º 21’51” W; de la Ley de Dyar (Sardesai, 1969). 2 787 m), Pinchayoc (23º13’52” S - 65º 21’14” Se analizaron los caracteres morfológicos W; 2 925 m) y Coraya (23º09’00” S - 65º22’00” de cada estado/estadio en base a diez ejem- W; 3 069 m). De cada sitio se extrajeron tallos plares obtenidos de la cría en laboratorio. (cladodios) de O. sulphurea infestados por Las medidas (mm) correspondieron a valores larvas de C. doddi. La infestación se evidenció promedios y su desvío estándar. Las medidas por los orificios en la epidermis y la presencia y abreviaturas utilizadas fueron: L= longitud de heces en el exterior del cladodio. corporal; A= ancho máximo del cuerpo; AC= ancho máximo de la cabeza. La nomenclatura Cría de C. doddi: En febrero 2009, se de la quetotaxia larval sigue a Hinton (1946). llevaron al laboratorio cladodios infestados Se analiza la larva I y en los siguientes con orugas de C. doddi, los cuales fueron estadios solo se describen los cambios. Se colocados en jaulas. La cría se llevó a cabo indica la disposición y el número de ganchos en el insectario del Instituto de Biología de de espuripedios y pigopodios en cada estadio. la Altura (INBIAL) de la Universidad Nacio- El análisis de las manchas corporales se basó nal de Jujuy, bajo las siguientes condiciones: en el patrón establecido por McFadyen (1985) 972 Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 63 (4): 971-980, December 2015 para el último estadio larval. El patrón incluye de setas C1 y C2; en el borde inferior de la 10 manchas (Fig. 2I), que la autora nomina cabeza se encuentran las setas anteriores A1, de la siguiente manera: k = mancha protoráci- A2 y A3, una seta lateral y tres setas ocelares ca pre-espiracular; g = mancha mesotorácica (Fig. 1B). La longitud de las setas varía; existe que rodea las setas dorsales (D); h = mancha similitud entre AF1 y A2 (0.06 mm) y entre C1, mesotorácica que rodea las setas subdorsales C2 y L1 (0.08 mm); las setas notablemente más (SD); i= mancha mesotorácica que rodea las largas son A3 (0.24 mm), F1 (0.21 mm) y A1 setas laterales (L); a = mancha abdominal que (0.16 mm). Protórax con escudo dorsal escle- rodea las setas D1, SD1 y SD2; b = mancha rosado castaño oscuro. Espiráculo circular de abdominal que rodea la seta D2; c = mancha posición lateral, acompañado por una mancha abdominal subespiracular que rodea las setas tenue k. Las setas presentes del protórax son: L1 y L2; d = mancha abdominal latero-ventral; XD1, XD2, D1, D2, SD1, SD2, L1, L2, SV1 e = mancha abdominal ventral; f = mancha y SV2 (Fig. 1C). En el meso y metatórax están caudal latero-ventral. presentes las setas D1, D2, SD1, SD2, L1, SV1 y dos microsetas anteroventrales a las SD.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bioecología De Cactoblastis Cactorum (Berg) (Lep: Pyralidae) En Argentina: Bases Para Su Manejo Integrado
    Tesis Doctoral Bioecología de Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lep: Pyralidae) en Argentina: bases para su manejo integrado Varone, Laura 2013-11-15 Este documento forma parte de la colección de tesis doctorales y de maestría de la Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. Su utilización debe ser acompañada por la cita bibliográfica con reconocimiento de la fuente. This document is part of the doctoral theses collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, available in digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the corresponding citation acknowledging the source. Cita tipo APA: Varone, Laura. (2013-11-15). Bioecología de Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lep: Pyralidae) en Argentina: bases para su manejo integrado. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cita tipo Chicago: Varone, Laura. "Bioecología de Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lep: Pyralidae) en Argentina: bases para su manejo integrado". Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 2013-11-15. Dirección: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Contacto: [email protected] Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293 UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Bioecología de Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lep: Pyralidae) en Argentina: bases para su manejo integrado Tesis presentada para optar al título de Doctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) in Florida
    Mississippi State University Scholars Junction Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1-1-2009 The Ecology of Cactoblastis Cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera:pyralidae) in Florida Kristen Erica Sauby Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td Recommended Citation Sauby, Kristen Erica, "The Ecology of Cactoblastis Cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera:pyralidae) in Florida" (2009). Theses and Dissertations. 4323. https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td/4323 This Graduate Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Scholars Junction. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Junction. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ECOLOGY OF CACTOBLASTIS CACTORUM (BERG) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) IN FLORIDA By Kristen Erica Sauby A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences in the Department of Biological Sciences Mississippi State, Mississippi August 2009 Copyright by Kristen Erica Sauby 2009 THE ECOLOGY OF CACTOBLASTIS CACTORUM (BERG) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) IN FLORIDA By Kristen Erica Sauby Approved: Christopher P. Brooks Richard L. Brown Assistant Professor of Biological Sciences Professor of Entomology (Director of Thesis) (Committee Member) Gary N. Ervin Gary N. Ervin Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Graduate Coordinator of the
    [Show full text]
  • 20123104019.Pdf
    Invasive Plant Ecology and Management: Linking Processes to Practice CABI INVASIVE SPECIES SERIES Invasive species are plants, animals or microorganisms not native to an ecosystem, whose introduction has threatened biodiversity, food security, health or economic development. Many ecosystems are aff ected by invasive species and they pose one of the biggest threats to biodiversity worldwide. Globalization through increased trade, transport, travel and tour- ism will inevitably increase the intentional or accidental introduction of organisms to new environments, and it is widely predicted that climate change will further increase the threat posed by invasive species. To help control and mitigate the eff ects of invasive species, scien- tists need access to information that not only provides an overview of and background to the fi eld, but also keeps them up to date with the latest research fi ndings. Th is series addresses all topics relating to invasive species, including biosecurity surveil- lance, mapping and modeling, economics of invasive species and species interactions in plant invasions. Aimed at researchers, upper-level students and policy makers, titles in the series provide international coverage of topics related to invasive species, including both a synthesis of facts and discussions of future research perspectives and possible solutions. Titles Available 1. Invasive Alien Plants: An Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent Edited by J.R. Bhatt, J.S. Singh, R.S. Tripathi, S.P. Singh and R.K. Kohli 2. Invasive Plant Ecology and Management: Linking Processes to Practice Edited by T.A. Monaco and R.L. Sheley Invasive Plant Ecology and Management: Linking Processes to Practice Edited by THOMAS A.
    [Show full text]
  • Flight Phenology of Male Cactoblastis Cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at Different Latitudes in the Southeastern United States
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 2009 Flight Phenology of Male Cactoblastis Cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at Different Latitudes in the Southeastern United States Stephen D. Hight USDA-ARS-CMAVE James E. Carpenter USDA-ARS-CPMRU Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub Part of the Agricultural Science Commons Hight, Stephen D. and Carpenter, James E., "Flight Phenology of Male Cactoblastis Cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at Different Latitudes in the Southeastern United States" (2009). Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty. 353. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/353 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 208 Florida Entomologist 92(2) June 2009 FLIGHT PHENOLOGY OF MALE CACTOBLASTIS CACTORUM (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) AT DIFFERENT LATITUDES IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES STEPHEN D. HIGHT1 AND JAMES E. CARPENTER2 1USDA-ARS-CMAVE at Center for Biological Control, FAMU, Tallahassee, FL 32308 2USDA-ARS-CPMRU, Tifton, GA 31794 ABSTRACT Long term trapping studies of the invasive moth Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) were con- ducted at various latitudes from Puerto Rico to South Carolina. Three flight periods per year were identified at the 5 temperate sites studied, which covered the majority of the infested range on mainland United States. In general, the 3 flight periods across a latitudinal gradi- ent from south Florida to central, coastal South Carolina were a spring flight during Feb- May, a summer flight during Jun-Aug, and a fall flight during Sep-Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracking the Cactus Moth, Cactoblastis Cactorum Berg., As It Flies and Eats Its Way Westward in the U.S
    Spring 2004 News of the Lepidopterists’ Society Alert: Tracking the Cactus Moth, Cactoblastis cactorum Berg., as it flies and eats its way westward in the U.S. M. Alma Solis1, Stephen D. Hight2, and Doria R. Gordon3 1Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c/o Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, National Museum Natural History, E-517, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013-7012, [email protected]; 2USDA, ARS, CMAVE at Florida A&M University, Center for Biological Control, Tallahassee, FL 32317, [email protected]; 3The Nature Conservancy, Department of Botany, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118526, Gainesville, FL 32611, [email protected] In 1989, Terry Dickel, a member of the Florida have followed the northward Survey, and the USDA, ARS (Agri- Lepidopterists’ Society, was collecting movement of the cactus moth. By 2002, culture Research Service) to discuss the moths on a sheet at night on Big Pine the cactus moth had eaten its way from westward movement of the cactus moth Key, Florida. He collected a very large the Florida Keys to Folly Island, South beyond Floridian borders. This moth is phycitine he had never seen before in Carolina, on the Atlantic eastern coast predicted to move into the western his extensive surveys of the Florida and to St. George Island, Florida, on states and south to Mexico once it Keys. He contacted Dale Habeck at the the Gulf coast (Hight, et al. 2002). reaches Texas. University of Florida at Gainesville who The late-instar bright orange-red, The cactus moth is currently feeding on recognized that it was the first U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating the Host Range of Agents for Biological Control of Arthropods: Rationale, Methodology and Interpretation
    Proceedings: Host Specificity Testing of Exotic Arthropod Biological Control Agents: The Biological Basis for Improvement in Safety Evaluating the Host Range of Agents for Biological Control of Arthropods: Rationale, Methodology and Interpretation D.P.A. Sands1 and R.G. Van Driesche2 1CSIRO Entomology, Private Bag No. 3, Indooroopilly Queensland 4068, Australia 2Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA 01003 Abstract Before releasing exotic natural enemies for biological control of weeds, host range tests are almost universally required by authorities, to ensure that agents are unlikely to have detrimental impacts on non-target plants. However, for biological control of arthropod pests, tests to determine the potential host range of exotic agents have not been so widely practiced, leading to concerns that agents once established may have undesired impacts on beneficial organisms and native fauna. The rationale for host range tests is similar for weeds and arthropod projects and the centrifugal method for selecting non-target taxa related to a target is applicable to both, but the taxonomic relationships for arthropods are often not as well known as for plants. The number and range of non-target arthropods to be tested with an exotic agent must be selected carefully, since it is impractical to maintain in culture an extensive range of taxa. Non- target beneficial or threatened arthropod taxa may be priorities for testing as potential hosts but their life histories are sometimes unknown or appropriate stages may be difficult to obtain or culture. Tritrophic agent/ host/plant interactions are not uncom- mon and difficult to evaluate, and predators need special evaluation when compared with parasitoids.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Metarhizium Anisopliae, Beauveria Bassiana And
    Subtropical Plant Science, 62:27-33.2010 Evaluation of Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus as Entomopathogens of the Cactus Moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) Jesusa Crisostomo Legaspi,1 Lambert H.B. Kanga2 and Benjamin C. Legaspi, Jr.3 1 USDA, Agricultural Research Service, CMAVE / FAMU-Center for Biological Control 6383 Mahan Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA 2 Center for Biological Control, Florida A&M University, 406 Perry-Paige Bldg , Tallahassee, FL 32307 3 Employee of State of Florida; contact through JCL ABSTRACT The three fungal pathogens Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes), and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) were evaluated as potential biological control agents against the cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The entomopathogens, M. anisopliae and P. fumosoroseus, tested against the cactus moth eggs did not infect the eggs. The chorion may serve as protective covering for the eggs that prevents infection. However, C. cactorum was found to be a suitable host for both M. anisopliae and B. bassiana. Mean (± SE) conidial germination was 95.6 ± 0.5% for M. anisopliae and 91.6 ± 0.7% for B. bassiana. The fungus M. anisopliae was highly pathogenic to 1st instar larvae of cactus moth. The relative virulence at LC50 of M. anisopliae as compared to B. bassiana was over 1,000-fold greater at 7-, 14-, and 21-d post -treatments. A total of 289 dead cactus moths collected from the treatment groups were investigated for fungal infection, and 98% of them showed mycosis at the end of 21 d of the experiments.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin 256
    SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 256 Cactus-Feeding Insects and Mites JOHN MANN Director ^ The Alan Fletcher Research Station Queensland Depart?ne7it of Lands Australia SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. 1969 Publications of the United States National Museum The scientific publications of the United States National Museum include two series, Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States National Museum Bulletin. In these series are published original ardcles and monographs dealing with the collections and work of the Museum and setting forth newly acquired facts in the field of anthropology, biology, geology, history, and technology. Copies of each publication are distributed to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the various subjects. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form, of shorter papers. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume. In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes in which are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the needs of the presentation. Since 1 902, papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum have been published in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. This work forms number 256 of the Bulletin series. Frank A. Taylor Director, United States NationaiMuseum U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Ghost of Cactoblastis Past: Historical Clarifications on a Poster Child of Classical Biological Control
    Biology in History Understanding the Ghost of Cactoblastis Past: Historical Clarifications on a Poster Child of Classical Biological Control S. RAGHU AND CRAIG WALTON The applied ecological discipline of classical biological control (CBC) has a long history, bolstered by some spectacular successes in the management of pest insect and plant species. A major poster child of CBC is the control of prickly pear (Opuntia spp.) in Australia by the moth Cactoblastis cactorum. In this article we investigate the idiosyncrasies of this CBC program and relate it to contemporary CBC, highlighting the intensive rearing and spatially extensive distribution effort critical to the rapid success of this project. We also emphasize the importance of the sociopolitical and economic context of the Opuntia CBC program and its role in its success. We use these historical clarifications to temper the expectations of equivalent successes in future CBC projects. Cactoblastis cactorum has recently invaded North America, and its threat to native cacti is of concern. We examine the global use of this moth as a biocontrol agent to clarify the nature of the hazard that it may pose as an invader in North and Central America. Keywords: invasive species, biological control, Cactoblastis cactorum, Opuntia, risk hen release from natural enemies is the basis known) on the use of the Cactoblastis cactorum (Cactoblastis Wfor invasiveness of an exotic species, biological hereafter) in the control of Opuntia species in Australia. control could be a valuable and potentially safe method of Having been based at Alan Fletcher Research Station (the management of the invasive species. Classical biological former headquarters of the Commonwealth Prickly Pear control (CBC) is the method of introducing an herbivore that Board), which was responsible for the successful management either specializes on the target invasive species or has a diet of Opuntia in Australia, we were able to delve into its archives sufficiently narrow in breadth for it to have a significant to access this information.
    [Show full text]
  • Introducción a Los Phycitinae De Chile (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Nuevo Registro Y Descripción De Una Nueva Especie Del Género Homoeographa Ragonot, 1888 Danilo E
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 6-30-2017 Introducción a los Phycitinae de Chile (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), nuevo registro y descripción de una nueva especie del género Homoeographa Ragonot, 1888 Danilo E. Cepeda Universidad de Chile, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons Cepeda, Danilo E., "Introducción a los Phycitinae de Chile (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), nuevo registro y descripción de una nueva especie del género Homoeographa Ragonot, 1888" (2017). Insecta Mundi. 1047. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/1047 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0556 Introducción a los Phycitinae de Chile (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), nuevo registro y descripción de una nueva especie del género Homoeographa Ragonot, 1888 Danilo E. Cepeda Museo Entomológico Luis Peña, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile Casilla 1004, Santiago, Chile Date of Issue: June 30, 2017 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Danilo E. Cepeda Introducción a los Phycitinae de Chile (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), nuevo registro y descripción de una nueva especie del género Homoeographa Ragonot, 1888 Insecta Mundi 0556: 1–9 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5E85A5F2-5983-437D-91CD-39A39F016D05 Published in 2017 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of Cactoblastis Cactorum and Its Effects on Florida Native Opuntia
    A brief history of Cactoblastis cactorum and its effects on Florida native Opuntia Heather Jezorek Peter Stiling University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA Cactoblastis cactorum - Intro • Family – Pyralidae • Native to South America • Feeds exclusively on opuntioid species of cacti – Opuntia, Consolea, Nopalea Cactoblastis cactorum - Intro Adult: 5-10 days Pupal: 15-20 days Eggstick: 25-30 days Larval: 30-35 days Cactoblastis cactorum - History • 1926-1931 – Successful biological control agent in Australia – 25 million ha of prickly pear cleared Photos by A.P. Dodd Cactoblastis cactorum - History Cactoblastis cactorum - History • 1957 - Introduced on the Caribbean Island of Nevis • Used to control native, weedy cacti – O. dillenii – O. triacantha • 1960s-80s - Spread through Caribbean, to Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic Cactoblastis cactorum - History • 1989 - First US record on Big Pine Key, FL • Has spread northward and westward – At least two introductions (Simonsen et al 2008) – Northern limit is Bull Island, SC – Western leading edge is thought to be coastal LA www.aphis.usda.gov Cactoblastis cactorum - Control • Without intervention, the moth was estimated to reach TX coast by 2007 • The USDA intervened – Cactus Moth Program begun in 2003 Cactoblastis cactorum - Control • Sterile Insect Technique – AL and MS islands • Pheromone trapping • Sanitation/host plant removal • Sentinel sites for monitoring • National detection network • Visual surveys Cactoblastis cactorum - Control • Ultimate goal is to keep out of desert
    [Show full text]
  • Cactoblastis Cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae – Cactus Moth)
    EPPO, 2006 Mini data sheet on Cactoblastis cactorum Added in 2003 – Deleted in 2006 Reasons for deletion: Cactoblastis cactorum has been included in EPPO Alert List for more than 3 years and during this period no particular international action was requested by the EPPO member countries. In 2006, it was therefore considered that sufficient alert has been given and the pest was deleted from the Alert List. Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae – cactus moth) Why Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, synonym: Zophodia cactorum) originates from South America. So far, it has essentially been known for its use in successful biological control of invasive cacti. It was introduced from Argentina into Australia in the 1920s where it drastically reduced introduced Opuntia populations, so that large areas of land could be returned to agriculture. The same efficacy was obtained in Hawaii, India and South Africa. But C. cactorum also spread to other parts of the world, in particular south-western USA, where it became a pest, threatening indigenous and rare species of Opuntia. In Mexico where Opuntia are important plants, used for fruit production, fodder, scale rearing (Dactylopius coccus) for dye production, traditional medicine etc., C. cactorum is perceived as a very serious threat and measures are taken to prevent its introduction. Where North America: USA (Florida (found in 1989), Georgia, Hawaii, South Carolina). In Mexico, there are unconfirmed records in Yucatan, but recent surveys gave negative results. Caribbean: Antigua & Barbuda (Antigua), Bahamas, Cayman Islands (Grand Cayman), Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, St Kitts & Navis, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, US Virgin Islands. South America: Argentina, Brazil (southern part), Paraguay, Uruguay.
    [Show full text]