Landscape in Asia
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
SOCIAL INVESTMENT LANDSCAPE IN ASIA INSIGHTS FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA 1 Published by the Asian Venture Philanthropy Network and Sattva in May 2017 Copyright @AVPN 2017 Email [email protected] Website www.avpn.asia Authors Aarti Mohan, Smriti Harsh, Abhishek Modi (Sattva Knowledge Centre) Production Arnav Gupta, Mehar Jossan, Deepika Ganesh, Pratik Jha, Rrishi Raote, Rebecca Detorre, Venus Sharma (Sattva Knowledge Centre) Editors Martina Mettgenberg-Lemiere, PhD Nguyen Le Phuong Anh Kevin Teo Design and Typesetting Ideasutra.in This work is licensed under the Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. 2 ABOUT THE REPORT AVPN has identified the need for a comprehensive overview of the Asian philanthropy and social invest- ment landscape to offer social investors a guide to the opportunities for social investment in Asia. The Social Investment Landscape in Asia will be an invaluable re- source for funders and resource providers as they as- sess the opportunities and challenges for philanthropy and social investment in the region. It is designed to be a guide for both new social investors looking to enter the Asian market and existing social investors exploring cross-border or cross-sector opportunities within the region. The Landscape is another way to further AVPN’s mission to increase the flow of finan- cial, human and intellectual capital to the Asian social sector. The report provides a holistic view of the current and emerging philanthropy and social investment land- scape in Asia. It also features in-depth profiles of 14 Asian regions which include: z An overview of key demographic and macroeconomic conditions z Key development issues facing the country z Background and context to the social economy in the region z Overview of the legislative environment z Key social investors, recent developments and investment trends z Opportunities, challenges and recommendations The 14 regions are: Cambodia Malaysia China Myanmar Hong Kong Philippines Indonesia Singapore India Taiwan Japan Thailand Korea Vietnam If you have any comments or would like to get involved in future reports, please contact knowledge@avpn. asia. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the following individuals and organisations for We are also grateful to the following AVPN staff members sharing their experiences: and associates who helped with connections, comments and discussions: Cathy Sheng China Social Enterprise and Social Investment Forum (CSEIF), China Naina Subberwal Batra Dana Doan LIN Center for Community Caroline McLaughlin Development, Vietnam Patricia Chu Deepali Khanna Rockefeller Foundation, Thailand Allison Hollowell Dharini Mathur IFC, India Clive Ye Ding Li Non-profit Incubator (NPI), China Ashima Suri Elizabeth Knup Ford Foundation, China Clara Feng Eric Savage Unitus Capital, India Emilie Roelle Eugenia Lo SOW (Asia) Foundation Limited, Ken Ito Hong Kong Sunkyung Han Jana Svedova Synergy Social Ventures Limited, Jasmine Chew Hong Kong Agnes Arbon Jan Zellmann Evergreen Labs, Vietnam Farhana Hamid Butt Jason Loughnane DAWN, Myanmar Syarif Hamdi Josephine Price Anthem Asia, Myanmar Valerie Koh Karthik Varada The Sasakawa Peace Foundation, Japan Alfred Poon Kevan Hayes Kaizen Company, USA Lehui Liang Social Ventures Hong Kong, Hong Kong We are grateful to the following Sattva team members and Naga Prakasam Indian Angel Network/Acumen, India advisors for their constructive comments, reviews, and Nanako Kudo Japan Social Impact Investment discussions that have shaped this publication: Foundation, Japan Natasha Shih The Sasakawa Peace Foundation, Japan Srikrishna Sridharmurthy Nini Daing myHarappan, Malaysia Rathish Balakrishnan Nisha Onta Women Organizing for Change in Sundeep Vira Agricultural and Natural Resources Ian Fernandes (WOCAN) , Thailand Naga Prakasam Pauline Tan NUS, Singapore Rahil Rangwala Michael and Susan Dell Finally, we thank the following individuals for their Foundation, India constructive comments at various stages: Ray Chen B Current Impact Investment Inc., Taiwan Ada Chirapaisarnkul Thai Young Philanthropist Network Sunder (TYPN) Ramaswamy Asia Foundation Arif Ekram Foundation Center Sunit Shrestha ChangeFusion Institute, Thailand Claire Dufour Nexus for Development Susli Lie YCAB Ventures, Indonesia Lauren Bradford Foundation Center Tang Yao Leping Social Entrepreneur Vivian Gee Friends-International Foundation, China Zhihan Lee BagoSphere Toshihiro Nakamura Kopernik, Indonesia Wonyoung Kim Crevisse Partners, South Korea Weina Zhang NUS, Singapore Xin Hu Leping Social Entrepreneur Foundation, China Yoshitaka Ohara Habataku Inc., Japan 4 LIST OF ACRONYMS LIST OF ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank A ANGIN Angel Investment Network Indonesia ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations B BCG Boston Consulting Group CAF Charities Aid Foundation CBO Community Based Organisation C CIA Central Intelligence Agency CSR Corporate Social Responsibility ESG Environmental, Social, Governance E ETF Exchange Traded Fund F FDI Foreign Direct Investment GCI Global Competitiveness Index G GDP Gross Domestic Product GNI Gross National Income H HNWI High Net Worth Individual ILO International Labour Organisation I INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contributions MNC Multinational Corporation M MSCI Morgan Stanley Composite Index NGO Non-Governmental Organisation N NPO Non-Profit Organisation OEC The Observatory of Economic Complexity O OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development P2P Peer-to-Peer P PISA Programme for International Student Assessment PPP Purchasing Power Parity SDG Sustainable Development Goal SE Social Enterprise SIB Social Impact Bond S SME Small and Medium-sized Enterprise SPO Social Purpose Organisation SRI Socially Responsible Investing UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme U UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization USD United States Dollars WEF World Economic Forum W WHO World Health Organisation Y YCAB Yayasan Cinta Anak Bangsa 5 LIST OF ACRONYMS FOREWORD The Robert Bosch Stiftung has been active in Asia for over a decade. We focus on topics such as governance, civil society and media. In our programmes and initiatives, we mainly aim at identifying, promoting and connecting changemakers in the nonprofit sector. Changemakers, whose activities create sustainable impact and who build sustainable networks. In Europe and Asia the philanthropic sector has been growing steadily over the past years. In an expanding sector, new and existing nonprofit actors need tools and opportunities to professionalise, share knowledge and raise impact and efficiency of their activities. To tackle these challenges, provide impulses, and contribute to the sharing of best practices, the Robert Bosch Stiftung published the studies “Shape the Future. The Future of Foundations” (2014) and, in cooperation with Dasra, “Funding in the 21st Century. Trends and Priorities in the Foundation Sector” (2016). Both addressed the question of how foundations could and should position themselves in a fast-growing, rapidly changing, increasingly volatile and globalised environment. Complementing these findings with a regionally focused perspective on Asia, the Robert Bosch Stiftung supported AVPN’s development of “The Social Investment Landscape in Asia”. Asian middle classes are rapidly growing – and they do not only serve as a keystone for economic and political development in the region but also pave the way for an Asian social investment sector that is experiencing an unprecedented growth with great dynamics. Having a comprehensive overview of the main characteristics, trends, gaps, challenges and areas of opportunity in the Asian social sector is of great value for foundations, philanthropists and other (social) investors that seek to create relevant and successful projects with sustainable impact. The Landscape provides an in-depth review of the social sector in 14 Asian countries and city-states from both a “macro perspective” across Asia and a “micro perspective” by region. It analyses demographic and key macro-economic data and maps the social investment environment including the legislative frameworks, key social issues and implementation gaps regarding the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the role of the governmental and non-governmental sector, key social investors and investment trends, and identifies opportunities and challenges for social investors. To further enhance its practical value, the Landscape concludes with key recommendations, thus serving as a useful guide that allows funders to make more effective funding and investment decisions in the Asian social sector. This body of work forms an important basis to understand how social investors can position themselves to maximise their impact. We hope that it will find a wide circulation, contributing to the practical work of philanthropic actors in Asia. Uta-Micaela Dürig CEO, Robert Bosch Stiftung 6 LIST OF ACRONYMS FOREWORD Since 2011, AVPN has been committed to building a vibrant and high impact philanthropy and social investment community across Asia. AVPN has identified the need for a comprehensive overview of the Asian philanthropy