Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 182 2018 2nd International Conference on Education, Economics and Management Research (ICEEMR 2018) The Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Integrated Network of Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration Song Qiong Du Juan College of Urban and Environmental Sciences College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest University Northwest University Xi’an 710127, China Xi’an 710127, China Han Jing Zhao Xinzheng* College of Urban and Environmental Sciences College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest University Northwest University Xi’an 710127, China Xi’an 710127, China Abstract—On the basis of combing the progress of urban economic contact network[4], transportation network[5], and network research, the network contact matrix of Zhongyuan information network[6]. At present, the research on the network urban agglomeration is constructed from the comprehensive structure of Zhongyuan urban agglomeration mainly focuses on [7] [8] network evaluation index system and the improved gravity model economic connection and passenger flow . Overall, the from 2000 to 2015, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics current urban network research has the following of integrated network are analyzed by means of social network characteristics: First, the research area is more partial to the analysis. The main conclusions are as follows: ① From 2000 to higher level of urbanization development, which is not 2015, the development characteristics of radiation and thorough enough for the central and western regions agglomeration in the integrated network of Zhongyuan urban represented by the Zhongyuan urban agglomeration, especially agglomeration are increasingly obvious. ② The central city of the large gaps in the development level of cities and towns, Zhengzhou has been in a growing position. The axis of network including the large area of rural areas. Second, both domestic development has evolved from the cross type composed of and foreign studies tend to describe the current structural Beijing-Guangzhou and Lianyungang-Lanzhou to the "H" type characteristics, and there are few studies based on long time of Be ijing-Guangzhou, Lianyungang-Lanzhou and Changzhi- sequence evolution. Luoyang. ③ Network participation in 30 cities has increased in varying degrees, and the gap between the first and last city has Based on the above background, the paper takes the urban widened. ④ Luoyang and Handan grew into regional central areas of 30 cities of Zhongyuan urban agglomeration as the cities, the de ve lopme nt of eastern and southern parts of the object, chooses 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 four years, uses the region is slower, and the hierarchical network system is obvious. comprehensive evaluation index system of urban network, calculates the urban contact matrix by the improved gravity Keywords—Integrated network; Spatio-temporal evolution; model, and uses the social network analysis method to make Zhongyuan urban agglomeration the system analysis of spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of integrated network of the Zhongyuan urban agglomeration, I. INTRODUCTION in order to enrich and develop the content of the urban network The urban network takes the city as the network node, and research, at the same time to provide a reference for the takes the dynamic “urban flow” as the communication mode. optimization of the spatial structure of the Zhongyuan urban The ultimate aim is to realize regional resource sharing and agglomeration. network economy, and promote the coordinated development of the region as a whole. The GaWC network group led by II. DATA AND METHODS Taylor has carried out a great deal of research on the network structure of the major cities in the world[1], and gradually went A. Data deep into the regional network, such as Daniels P W and so on, According to “Zhongyuan urban agglomeration taking the Asia Pacific region as an example to analyze the development plan”, the scope includes five provinces and 30 relationship between urban transformation and industry[2]; cities. The basic geographical unit of the paper is the urban Derudder B et al. studied the relationship changes of 132 cities districts of 30 cities (Fig. 1). The data of population and social around the world from 2000 to 2008, and explored their and economic development are mainly from the “China City impacts on urban and regional levels[3]. Influenced by the Statistical Yearbook” in 2001-2016 years. Since Jiyuan has no research of GaWC, domestic scholars have also carried out a districts, all indicators are based on city data, which is derived lot of research on urban network from the perspective of from the “Henan statistical yearbook” in 2001-2016 years. The Foundati on: Graduate Student Innovation Project of Northwest University, No.YZZ17148. Corresponding author: Zhao Xinzheng, E-mail: [email protected]. Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. 551 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 182 spatial distance comes from the Intergovernmental highway mileage of Baidu maps. Fig. 1 Study area temporal and spatial relations of urban agglomeration. The B. Methods calculation formula [9] is The comprehensive urban network evaluation index system (TABLE I) is constructed from the aspects of basic scale, ( × )×( × ) = 푛 푛 (1) economic development, facilities construction, social life, ∑ℎ=0 푊푖−ℎ 푃푖−ℎ ∑푓=0 푊푗−푓 푃푗−푓 ecological environment and spatial distance. In the formula,퐶푖푗 퐾 Cij is the connection퐷푖푗 value between i and j city; K is the constant of gravity; Wi-h and Wj-f are the factor TABLE I. THE EVALUATION INDEX SYST EM OF COMPREHENSIVE URBAN weight values that affect the strength of the cites i and j; Pi-h NETWORK and Pj-f are the factor quantization values that influence the Subsystem Indicator strength of i and j in cities; Dij is the spatial distance of cities. Objective Level Level Level 2) Social network analysis method. Basic Scale Nonagricultural Population; Area of Built Districts; a) Network Density. Network density reflects the density of [10] Per Capita GDP; Investment in the network connection as a whole. The calculation formula Economic Fixed Assets; Tertiary Industry is Development Product; Value-Added by Industry; Amount of Foreign , = (2) Capital Actually Utilized; ( ) Per Capita Area of Paved 푘 푘 푑�푛푖 푛푗� Facilities Roads in City; Number of In the formula, D is the network푖=1 푗=1 density,푘 푘−1 K is the number of Construction 퐷 ∑ ∑ Public Transportation Vehicles cities, d(ni,nj) is the relationship between cities. Urban per 10000 Population; comprehensive b) Absolute centrality. The absolute centrality is the sum of strength Average Wage of Employed the relationship between city A and all other cities. It is divided Staff and Workers; Students [10] Enrollment of Regular into outdegree and indegree. The calculation formula is Social Life Institutions of Higher ( ) = Education Per 10000 persons; (3) Number of Doctors per 10000 푛 Population; Total Retail Sales In the formula, C(ni)is outdegree퐶 푛푖 ∑ or푗=1 indegree푋푖푗 , Xij indicates of Consumer Goods; the connection value of the cities i and j. Per Capita Area of Green Ecological III. EVOLUTION CHARACTERIST ICS OF INTEGRAT ED Land; Green Covered Area Environment ETWORK as % of Completed N Spatial Urban distance Road mileage Distance A. Global evolution characteristics Using Arcgis10.2 to draw the integrated network space 1) Improved gravity model. contact map of the Zhongyuan urban agglomeration (Fig. 2), to In order to reflect the directional characteristics of intercity clearly reflect the evolution trend of the integrated network, the relations, an improved gravity model is applied to measure the line of the connection value <2 is not shown in the diagram. Based on the connection value in 2015, we use Jenks method to 552 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 182 divide the contact lines from big to small into five levels: Level level 5 contact (2.000~6.709). According to the network 1 contact (>36.888), level 2 contact (20.900~36.888), level 3 density and contact level, we analyze the static network contact (12.164~20.900), level 4 contact (6.709~12.164), and hierarchy characteristics of urban agglomeration. Fig. 2 The spatial relation of static networks in zhongyuan urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2015 (1) The development level of integrated network is the integrated network connection was still weak. While the gradually improving, and the interaction development between radiation effect of Zhengzhou increased, the connection radiation and agglomeration is obvious. The network between the adjacent cities was also increasing, and the space connection lines of urban agglomeration increased from 116 in showed that the north was stronger than the south, the west was 2000 to 650 in 2015, and the network density increased from stronger than the east. In 2010, five levels of contact lines all 0.133 in 2000 to 0.747 in 2015. In 2000, the urban appeared, the integrated network was in a rapid growth stage, agglomeration had three ~ five level contact lines. At this time, and the urban connection tended to be close. With Zhengzhou the integrated network was in the primary stage and the as the center, the central cities cluster of 7 cities appeared, network connection was looser, and the main performance was including Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Jiyuan, Luoyang, the radiation from Zhengzhou to outward, the space was Pingdingshan and Xuchang. In 2015, the integrated network stronger in the north than in the south. In 2005, the urban was further developed; the high level contact lines increased agglomeration had two ~ five level contact lines. By this time, obviously and extended along the Beijing-Guangzhou and the 553 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 182 Lianyungang-Lanzhou lines, the interaction between cities was with Zhengzhou as the center.