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President's Message

President's Message

ISSN 2372-2517 (Online), ISSN 2372-2479 (Print) METALEPTEAMETALEPTEA THE NEWSLETTER OF THE ORTHOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY

TABLE OF CONTENTS President’s Message (Clicking on an article’s title will take you By ALEXANDRE V. LATCHININSKY to the desired page) President FAO United Nations [1] PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE [email protected] [2] SOCIETY NEWS [2] Our next ICO conference in Agadir ear Fellow Orthopterists! – Some news by L.M. IDRISSI HASSANI [3] Grants supporting the File by M.M. CIGLIANO Warmest heartfelt wishes [3] The New Orthopterists’ Society Website is Now Live by D.A. WOLLER for the new 2019 year! [4] Update on Rebuilding Brazil’s National Evidently, this year is Museum’s Orthoptera Collection by P.G.B. SOUZA-DIAS DD a very particular one [5] REGIONAL REPORTS for the Society because we will hold [5] East , North and Central Asia by M.G. SERGEEV our main event - the International [6] T.J. COHN GRANT REPORTS Congress of Orthopterology. The 13th [6] Male mate choice in the stick hookeri: sexual vs. parthenogenetic Congress is almost here! For the first females by M. NAKANO time in the history of the Society, it [8] Temporal and spatial evolution of the Poecilimon jonicus-group in southern Greece by will take place on the African conti- S. BORISOV nent, in the beautiful Mediterranean [11] Investigating a photoactivated metabolite setting of Agadir, . And, as in the nocturnal ceratiola by C. GALE you might know, our next Executive [12] Advanced maternal age leads to greater Director, Mohamed Abdallahi Babah offspring immune function and fitness by C.J. HALLAGAN ET AL. Ebbe, is from too. I sincerely [15] OSF GRANT REPORTS hope that these two facts will contrib- [15] A step towards advancing biodiversity young scientists through Ted Cohn’s informatics of Orthoptera from the Philippines ute to promoting the Orthopterists’ Research Fund and travel grants to by M.K. TAN ET AL. Society in Africa and increasing its [17] Orthoptera, Mantodea and Phasmida of the OS Congresses. The Society’s the and by S. IVKOVIĆ & L. African membership and participa- Orthoptera Species File project is HORVAT tion, especially among the young [20] Improving the digital content of the genus quite vigorous: seven grants were Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera; researchers. awarded for 2019 and the geography ) in the Orthoptera Species File Time flies, and this message is my by S. SANABRIA-URBÁN of the grantees is amazingly diverse: [23] Type Collection at the last one. During my 2.5 year-long Austria, Brazil, Germany, Singapore, Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA by R. President’s tenure, I always felt a very , , U.S.A… MARIÑO-PÉREZ strong and constructive support from [24] MEETING REPORTS I would like to conclude by wel- [24] II. European Congress on Orthoptera all members of the Board and I am coming my two long-time colleagues Conservation by A. KRIŠTÍN very grateful to them. I am confident [26] CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES and friends, David Hunter and [26] A new locality for Aztecacris gloriosus that the next Governing Officers of Mohamed Abdallahi Babah Ebbe, (Hebard, 1935) (Orthoptera: ) in So- the Society will find it in great finan- nora, Mexico by T. R. VAN DEVENDER ET AL. who, respectively, officially become [27] The Case of the Missing : cial shape. I am happy with the prog- President and Executive Director of how tracking down an unreturned loan led to ress of our main outlet, the Journal of the rescue of an important Orthoptera collec- the Orthopterists’ Society in Agadir. tion by J.G. HILL Orthoptera Research, since it became Looking forward to see a wonderful [29] are Fun by H.S. WALLACE a part of the Pensoft group. As you all [31] Rocky Mountain opera: An invita- gang of fellow Orthopterists in Agadir tion to watch by J.A. LOCKWOOD probably noticed, the Society’s web- in March! [32] TREASURER’S REPORT site now has a new and very attractive [33] EDITORIAL look. We continue to actively support

Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 1 METALEPTEA Our next ICO conference in Agadir – Some news By L. MINA IDRISSI HASSANI President Local Organizing Committee of ICO 2019 University IBN ZOHR, Agadir, Morocco [email protected] ear Orthopterists, University (Tempe, Arizona, will first present the details of the U.S.A.), designed as a unit to help regional research plan, the actions On behalf of the organiz- researchers, international agen- supported by the CLCPRO since ing committee, I wish cies, government organizations, 2016, and the expected actions in everyone a very good agribusiness and farming com- the near future. DD and wonderful year 2019 munities to mitigate the effects of and a remarkable conference. invasions and locust epidemics. During the congress, for inter- Already we can say that we are very 2. The Orthoptera Species File ested attendees, many activities are optimistic about the progress of this (OSF, http://orthoptera.species- proposed, such as a visit of the city prestigious event. The preparations file.org/) is the most up-to-date of Agadir, and to the seaside or the for the congress are going well. The and complete taxonomic database souk (marketplace, bazaar). After the provisional program is available on of the world’s Orthoptera, both congress, we propose a tour of the the website www.ico2019morocco. living and fossil. The workshop National Center for Locust Control to com. The final program is under de- about OSF, supported by Taxon observe the locust rearing laboratory, velopment and will be communicated Works, will be to think about how visit the facilities, and learn more to you as soon as possible. The book we can still improve the present about the national and regional role of of abstracts will be the subject of a version of OSF. this important institution. The post- special issue of the next Metaleptea. 3. The CLCPRO Regional Re- Congress tour will be an opportunity We have about 210 participants from search Plan: the Commission for to visit the region of southern Mo- more than 20 different nationalities Controlling the in rocco with many sites within the Atlas from 5 continents and a rate of 17% the Western Region (CLCPRO), Mountains up to the Sahara border, doctoral students; the participants within the framework of the and, of course, the city of Marrakech. (first author) in 11 symposia are 96. EMPRES program of the Food I thank you all for your trust and Among the participants, we have and Agriculture Organization look forward to welcoming you to the many consultants and people who are of the United Nations (FAO), 13th International Congress of Orthop- not presenting, but who are interested developed in 2009 a first regional terology in Agadir. in the importance of the event. research plan (2010-2013), based on a screening of research studies There will be 3 workshops of inter- carried out in the western region est to Orthopterists: (West and North-West Africa) 1. The Global Locust Initiative during the last 50 years. A second which is a research and ac- regional research plan was estab- tion program of Arizona State lished in 2015. This workshop

Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 2 METALEPTEA Grants supporting the Orthoptera Species File By MARIA MARTA CIGLIANO Museo de La Plata, División Entomología, FCNyM-UNLP CEPAVE, CONICET-CCT La Plata, ARGENTINA [email protected] he Orthoptera Spe- OSF grants funded for 2019: Caelifera) type specimens deposited at cies File (OSF) grants NHM London committee received 1. Collins, Nancy (Wisconsin, USA) 5. Slobodan, Ivković & Horvat, Laslo and evaluated eighteen Title: Oecanthines of high interest in (Department of Biogeography, Trier applications from thir- the United States University, Germany; Austria) Title: From lowland sands and steppes teen countries (, 2. Hernández Teixidor D., López Hernán- TT dez, H. & Oromí, P. (Department to alpine grasslands – , bio- Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, of Biology, University of La acoustics and distribution of Orthop- Colombia, Germany, , , Laguna, Spain) tera in Serbia and Montenegro Singapore, Spain, Tunisia, U.S.A.) Title: Adding new data on Orthoptera 6. Souza-Diaz, Pedro Guilherme (Museu from which the following propos- from the Canary Islands to complete Nacional – Universidade Federal do als listed below will be funded. The the existing data on Species File Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) proposals were selected based on the 3. Husemann, M. & Dey, Lara-Sophie Title: The Orthoptera Collection at amount of data (images, specimen (Centrum für Naturkunde, University the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro records, etc.) expected to be added to of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany) (MNRJ). Reconstruction – stage 1: the the Orthoptera Species File. The can- Title: Digitization and imaging of types Orthoptera from the city of Rio de Janeiro and the lost types from MNRJ didates’ expertise was also considered of Oedipodinae described by Henri de Saussure (Collections in Vienna and 7. Tan, Ming Kai (Department of Biologi- and if the proposal was somehow re- Geneva) cal Sciences, National University of lated to a taxonomic research project 4. Moussi, Abdelhamid & Tlili, Haithem Singapore, Singapore) of the candidate. (University of Biskra, Algeria; Univer- Title: Contribution to the species sity of Cartage, Tunisia) diversity and acoustic data on Orthop- Title: Photographic database of North tera from Sandakan (Borneo, East African Acridomorpha (Orthoptera, Malaysia, Sabah) The New Orthopterists’ Society Website

is Now Live By DEREK A. WOLLER Webmaster USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T-CPHST Phoenix Lab, AZ, USA [email protected] ellow members, if you progress. Two other issues that are (also within the Resources section). have not already visited being worked on are stabilizing the I’m also looking for new polyneopter- our Society’s new web- site’s address, so it properly reflects an images to use when needed, such site, then I encourage the main address on every page, and as in News announcements because you to do so. The address finding a way to provide access to all everyone likes to see amazing pictures FF is the same as before back issues of the Journal of Orthop- – please send these to me directly as (orthsoc.org), but we are now using tera Research (JOR). JPEGS. Additionally, if you know of Wordpress for its infrastructure. As If you have ideas for new additions more books that should be added to your new Webmaster, I have tried to the site, wish to submit construc- the “Books (& More)” list (within the hard to preserve the overall feel of the tive feedback, or have news you want “Publications” section), then tell me previous site that was created and run posted to the News section/home which one(s) and provide a good im- by Piotr Naskrecki, while also adding page, please do not hesitate to contact age of the cover (via link or image file a new look that gives it a distinct ap- me because this site belongs to all - JPEG). You are also welcome to ask pearance among other insect society members. I also encourage everyone for a link to be added to the “Links” sites. Like all new things, there are to post general announcements (e.g., page (within the Resources section). still some issues to sort out, such as jobs and funding opportunities) on If you think it might be useful to oth- bringing back our searchable member the “Bulletin Board” (within the ers, then let’s add it! database and the ability to become a Resources section) as well as new Furthermore, if you’re an orthopter- member, solutions for which are in publications in “Just Published” ist with an interest in the history of Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 3 METALEPTEA our field’s contributors, then please take some time to look through the “Photo Gallery” Exhibit called “Or- thopterists And Their Allies” (within the Resources section) and help place names on people labeled with a “?” in the captions. Photo contributors have done a very good job over the years of keeping track of people in the photos, but we still need a few people identi- fied. And do you have more photos? Send them my way! They can be added to an existing Exhibit or a new one can be created to curate them. Finally, the Society is interested in locating an Associate Webmaster who can occasionally assist me with Webmaster duties, such as posting news and adding files, particularly when I’m unavailable. If you’re inter- ested, please contact me directly.

Update on Rebuilding Brazil’s National Museum’s Orthoptera Collection By PEDRO G.B. SOUZA DIAS Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL [email protected] rogress to rebuild Brazil’s nal http://www.museunacional.ufrj. National Museum (Mu- br and click on Donations, where it seu Nacional) is still in is possible to donate through Paypal. the very early stages and Please note that the currency is Bra- the Palace section, where zilian real (BRL) and the exchange PP the Orthoptera collection rate is around 3.7 to approximately $1 resided, is being treated as an archae- USD (e.g., R$75 = $20 USD). After ological site. Practically all museum you complete the process, please send staff are working steadily on recover- an email to sosmuseunacional@ ing the few items that survived the samn.org.br and copy me (pedrog- fire and removing the large amounts [email protected]) with the receipt of debris. This task will take several of the donation, value, and intended months to complete. Simultaneously, destination of the resources (Labo- plans are already underway to replace ratório de Orthoptera, Departamento tions of specimens, joint projects, Orthoptera specimens via new expedi- de Entomologia), so I can track the partnerships, etc. tions. In short, there is a lot to do, but transaction. Thank you very much for your sup- we are optimistic! We are also interested in acquiring port! If you would like to contribute to donations of specimens for the new our efforts you can do so through a collection. Any and all orthopteran financial donation. To do this, one taxa are important for us. People can must access the site of Museu Nacio- contact me directly to discuss dona-

Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 4 METALEPTEA Regional Reports - What’s happening around the world? East Europe, North and Central Asia By MICHAEL G. SERGEEV Regional Representative Novosibirsk State University Institute of Systematics and Ecology of , RUSSIA [email protected] he summer season of 2018 was very compli- cated and impressive. There were some serious problems with three spe- TT cies of , namely Locusta migratoria migratoria, Cal- liptamus italicus, and maroccanus, in almost countries of Central Asia, in the Caucasus, and in the southern part of European Rus- Figure 1. The mountain tundra on Academician Obruchev Range with some unusual assemblage sia. Local governments and applied of species: Zubovskya mongolica Storozhenko, Podismopsis poppiusi (Miram), lineatus Stauroderus scalaris acridologists tried to manage the local (Panzer) and (Fischer de Waldheim). locust populations. However, interna- tional activity and cooperation under than 15 kg per ha. Some studies of or- an umbrella of the Regional Program thopteran distribution were continued for better locust management in in the northern and central part of the Caucasus and Central Asia (FAO) was Kulunda steppe in South Siberia, near also very important (http://www.fao. the boundary with Kazakhstan. The org/ag/locusts-CCA/en). The special first attempt to use a UAV (Unmanned Workshop on Locusts was organized Aerial Vehicle) for evaluation of some in November, in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan peculiarities of the Italian locust dis- to discuss some actual problems of tribution was also undertaken. Distri- applied acridology in the region. bution of stoneflies was also studied Several field studies of ecology, in the mountains of South Siberia, distribution, and diversity of the mainly in some streams of Kuznetsky orthopteroid were organized. Alatau. The special field trip was The Russian Foundation for Basic organized to Kunashir Island to col- Research supported the project to lect some new data about diversity investigate these insects in Tuva, the and relations of local forms from the Figure 2. Two males of the widely distributed beautiful and interesting territory in genus . Besides that, research Zubovskya koeppeni (Zubovsky) in the moun- South Siberia. The expedition crossed on diversity, distribution, and ecology tain tundra of the West Sayan Mts. (M.G. the southern slope of Academician of grasshoppers and katydids were Sergeev) Obruchev Range and studied the also continued in other territories of small Turan Intermountain Basin for North and Central Asia, for instance, cow State University, and 3) Siberian the first time. Some dense popula- in the North Caucasus, in the steppes Zoological Museum of the Institute of tions of the rare apterous grasshopper of Orenburg Region, in Tajikistan and Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Zubovskya mongolica were found in Uzbekistan. Novosibirsk. the upper altitudinal belts of Aca- Several Orthoptera Species File demician Obruchev Range (Figs. 1, grants also included inventory and 2). In the lower (steppe) belts, the digitization of the three main orthop- abundance of Orthoptera was very terological collections of Russia: 1) high. This resulted in the very high Zoological Institute in Saint Peters- level of their air-dry biomass, more burg, 2) Zoological Museum of Mos- Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 5 METALEPTEA Theodore J. Cohn Research Grant Reports Male mate choice in the stick insect Clitarchus hookeri: sexual vs. parthenogenetic females By MARI NAKANO Massey University Manawatu Campus, [email protected] lthough sexual repro- searchers and females are signallers duction is the dominant (Myers et al., 2015). The phenotypic mode of reproduction traits that enhance mobility (e.g., long (for multicellular organ- legs) and mate location (e.g., well-de- isms), some species veloped antennae), and the traits that AAexhibit parthenoge- facilitate being found by males (e.g., netic reproduction, a type of asexual production of pheromones) will be fa- reproduction in which the offspring voured in males and females, respec- Figure 1. Clitarchus hookeri: male (top) and develops from unfertilized eggs. tively. However, this is only the case female (bottom). Within stick insects (), for sexual populations, as females parthenogenetic reproduction has from parthenogenetic populations are from (N= 15 per sex per evolved multiple times (Burke, Crean, released from the selective pressure population), New Zealand. 16 mor- & Bonduriansky, 2015; Schwander, of scramble competition. Thus, it is phological parameters were measured: Crespi, Gries, & Gries, 2013). The likely that parthenogenetic C. hookeri total body length (cm), the length and evolution of parthenogenetic lineages females are investing less in the traits width of body parts (antennae, pro-/ is sometimes associated with the de- that are related to scramble competi- meso-/meta-notum, abdomen, pocu- cay of sexual traits (e.g., alternation in tion. lum (male)/operculum (female), and pheromone or cuticular hydrocarbon Finally, as parthenogenetic females fore-/mid-/hind-legs) (cm), and body (CHC) profiles: Burke et al., 2015; are likely to invest less in the traits to mass (g). These morphological traits Schwander et al., 2013). This is due to signal, I speculated that males should were measured in adults using elec- selection against traits that are no lon- be able to discriminate between tronic callipers (Q-1382, Dick Smith ger useful (Schwander et al., 2013). sexual and parthenogenetic females. Electronics, Sydney, Australia) and As a consequence, males are likely The purpose of this study was to scales (ED224S, Sartorius, Göttingen, to discriminate between sexual and elucidate the intriguing reproductive Germany). parthenogenetic females as observed strategies of C. hookeri. I hypoth- Chemical volatiles from males and in the Australian stick insect Extato- esized (1) male and female C. hook- females from each population were soma tiaratum where males preferred eri would exhibit the morphological sampled (N= 6 for each sex per popu- sexual females over parthenogenetic and chemical differences that are lation) over ten hours (15-01:00h), ones (Burke et al., 2015). advantageous to their sex role in the at two-hour intervals. Lights were on In New Zealand, the stick insect scramble competition mating system; between 15-21:00h, and off between Clitarchus hookeri (Fig. 1) has all- (2) morphological and chemical dif- 21-01:00h (according to the photope- female populations (i.e., partheno- ferences identified as being associ- riod during summer in New Zealand). genetic) in the southern range of the ated with sex roles will be reduced or Sampled volatiles were analysed us- North Island whereas sexual popula- lacking in parthenogenetic females; ing a Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spec- tions, consisting of males and females and (3) males will use morphological trometer (GCMS-QP2010, Shimadzu in equal numbers, are found in the and chemical differences identified in Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). island’s northern range (Morgan- (1) and (2) to discriminate between Mate choice experiments (N=49) Richards, Trewick, & Stringer, 2010). sexual and parthenogenetic females in were conducted in an open arena Clitarchus hookeri are nocturnal in- their pre- and post-copulatory choices. (H39cm x W38cm x D20cm) by sects and become active after sunset. placing one male and two females Individuals from sexual populations Methods (i.e., 1 parthenogenetic vs. 1 sexual exhibit a scramble competition mating Insects were collected from sexual female). I recorded which female the system (Myers, Buckley, & Holwell, (Auckland, Whanganui, and Parapar- male made the first physical contact 2015) in which males and females aumu) and parthenogenetic (Palmer- with (1st) during 20-00:00. This was have distinctive sex roles: males are ston North, Lower Hutt) populations considered to be a pre-copulatory

Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 6 METALEPTEA correlated with fecundity (Bondurian- sky, 2001; Edward & Chapman, 2011) and sexual females mate multiple times with males (i.e. promiscu- ity) (Myers et al., 2015), it is likely that larger body size in females is related to fecundity advantage. My chemical analyses showed C. hookeri release compounds that are derived from what they eat, and none of the compounds were specific to females. Thus, it is unlikely that C. hookeri females produce specific sex phero- Figure 3. Frequencies of male Clitarchus mones to attract males. However, hookeri exhibiting mate choice (1st and OMG) females significantly increased the between sexual and parthenogenetic (a) & (b) amount of volatiles emitted (ng*gFw- and between heavy and light (c) females. 1h-1) (p-value < 0.05, Friedman test) The body mass in female C. hookeri at night (Fig. 2b), when the species increases during their adulthood, Figure 2. (a) Morphological groupings of is sexually active. At night, their males (M, blue), sexual females (SF, red), and and newly moulted adult females are host plants cannot synthesize these parthenogenetic females (PF, purple). Varia- lighter than older ones. Thus, male compounds due to the need of light tion of principal components: PC1=75% (x- preference for lighter females is likely axis), PC2=12.6%. (b) Increase in the quantity for their synthesis. As the significant -1 -1 to be associated with a male prefer- (ng*gFw h ) of volatile emission overtime in increase volatile emission was not ence towards younger females that are (15-01:00h) in females but not in males. seen in males (Fig. 2b; p-value > 0.05, more likely to be virgins. Friedman test), this change in vola- male choice. Then, they were left in More research is required to eluci- tile emission in C. hookeri females the tank until 09:00h next morning date whether parthenogenetic females is likely to be related to their role in when I recorded whether the male had are still capable of sexual reproduc- scramble competition, i.e. signallers. stayed with the same female (over- tion, and to establish the advantages Although the traits that are related night mate-guarding: OMG). This was of maintaining sexual traits in par- to the female’s role in scramble com- considered a post-copulatory choice. thenogenetic populations, which can petition was assumed to be decayed in Females were scored 1 point for each be associated to the possibility of parthenogenetic females, my results of the behavioural assays (i.e., 1st and increasing genetic variability under showed an overlap between sexual OMG) and the frequency of males strong selective pressures or reducing and parthenogenetic females in terms exhibiting each of the behavioural as- the impact of deleterious mutations of their phenotypic traits. These says was calculated. (Agrawal, 2001). include body length, body mass in relation to body length, and increase Results and Discussion Acknowledgments in volatile emission at night. These Clear differences between males I would like to thank the Orthopterist’s results suggest that parthenogenetic and females were resolved by the Society for their financial support. To be females are maintaining sexual traits. morphological analyses (Fig. 2a). granted as a recipient has motivated me to Furthermore, male choice experi- do more in-depth analyses and pushed me The morphological traits that ac- ments showed that male C. hookeri towards the goal. I am also grateful to my counted for the segregation between did not discriminate between sexual supervisors, Prof. Mary Morgan-Richards sexes include the length of legs and and parthenogenetic females both in and Dr. Andrea Clavijo-McCormick, for antennae that were disproportionately pre- (Fig. 3a) and post-copulatory giving me guidance, supports, and con- longer in males compared to that of (Fig. 3b) choices (p-value > 0.05, structive criticism. Lastly, thank you to females. These results fit my predic- my family, friends, and fellow colleagues, Binomial test). This is consistent with tion that male C. hookeri will exhibit who were really supportive in both field previous results and supports the pos- traits that enhance mobility and mate and laboratory works. sibility of parthenogenetic females location, which will be advantageous maintaining sexual traits. Instead, as a searcher. In contrast, female C. References males chose lighter females signifi- hookeri were larger (body length, Agrawal, A. F. (2001). Sexual selection cantly more than heavier females in body mass, and abdomen width). As and the maintenance of sexual repro- their pre-copulatory choice (Fig. duction. Nature, 411(6838), 692-695. female body size is often positively 3c; p-value < 0.05, Binomial test). doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.massey. Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 7 METALEPTEA ac.nz/10.1038/35079590 hav.2014.12.017 Myers, S. S., Buckley, T. R., & Holwell, G. Bonduriansky, R. (2001). The evolution of Edward, D. A., & Chapman, T. (2011). I. (2015). Mate detection and seasonal male mate choice in insects a synthe- The evolution and significance of variation in stick insect mating behav- sis of ideas and evidence. Biological male mate choice. Trends in Ecol- iour (Phamatodea: Clitarchus hook- Reviews, 76(3), 305-339. doi:10.1017/ ogy and Evolution, 26(12), 647-654. eri). Behaviour, 152(10), 1325-1348. S1464793101005693 doi:10.1016/j.tree.2011.07.012 doi:10.1163/1568539x-00003281 Burke, N. W., Crean, A. J., & Bonduri- Morgan-Richards, M., Trewick, S. A., Schwander, T., Crespi, B. J., Gries, R., & ansky, R. (2015). The role of sexual & Stringer, I. A. (2010). Geographic Gries, G. (2013). Neutral and selec- conflict in the evolution of facultative and the common tea- tion-driven decay of sexual traits in parthenogenesis: a study on the spiny tree stick insect of New Zealand. Mol asexual stick insects. Proc Biol Sci, leaf stick insect. Animal Behaviour, Ecol, 19(6), 1227-1238. doi:10.1111/ 280(1764), 20130823. doi:10.1098/ 101, 117-127. doi:10.1016/j.anbe- j.1365-294X.2010.04542.x rspb.2013.0823

Temporal and spatial evolution of the Poecilimon jonicus-group in southern Greece By SIMEON BORISOV Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, [email protected] he Mediterranean the most evolutionary successful gen- consists of four species (Cigliano et region is characterized era of bush-crickets and is the largest al. 2019) (Fig. 1). One of them, P. by complex land-sea tettigoniid genus in the Palearctic. jonicus (Fieber, 1853), is divided into configuration and active Microptery, which is characteristic for four subspecies and has the widest tectonics as a result of all species in the genus, limits disper- range, covering , Macedonia, TT the post-Oligocene colli- sal ability and increases isolation, thus with some Ionian sion of the African and Arabian plates speeding up evolutionary processes islands, and reaching the with Eurasia (Mantovani et al. 2006). (Vogler & Timmermans 2012). peninsula. One of its subspecies, P. These, together with dynamic climatic Closely related species of the genus jonicus superbus (Fischer, 1853), is processes during glacial-interglacial Poecilimon are traditionally assigned isolated in Italy and is probably a dis- cycles, result in high levels of ende- into species groups with common tinct species. In the Peloponnese pen- mism and biodiversity of terrestrial characteristics (Heller et al, 2006, insula P. jonicus tessellatus (Fischer, animals in the region. The genus Chobanov & Heller, 2010). The stud- 1853) occurs sympatrically with other Poecilimon Fischer, 1853 is among ied species group, Poecilimon jonicus, species from the group: P. laevissi-

Figure 1. Photos of the study species. A - Poecilimon erimanthos; B - Poecilimon laevissimus; C - Poecilimon jonicus lobulatus; D - Poecilimon joni- cus tessellatus; E - Poecilimon werneri; F - Poecilimon cretensis.

Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 8 METALEPTEA mus (Fischer, 1853) and P. erimanthos Albania, as well as outgroups for the seems to be later. Willemse & Heller, 1992, the latter analyses, was provided by Dragan For ecological niche modelling we being endemic to Mount . Chobanov. applied MaxEnt (Phillips et al. 2017) Poecilimon werneri Ramme, 1933 For the genetic analysis we ampli- using bioclimatic variables available is found along the seashore on the fied mitochondrially encoded NADH at wordclim.org (Hijmans et al. 2008) mainland and on Peloponnese. There dehydrogenase 2 (ND2) which shows as a background and 120 localities is only one Poecilimon species occur- high phylogenetic performance for (literature and new data). Maps of ring on the island of . Poecili- insects (Cheng 2018). For the PCR estimated bioclimatic suitability are mon cretensis Werner, 1903 is wide- reactions, primers TM-J210 and TW- shown in Figure 4. Niche overlaps spread on the island and was recently N1284 (Simon et al. 1994) were used. based on D (Schoener 1968) and I arranged into the P. inflatus group We compiled a matrix of 40 DNA (Warren et al. 2008) parameters were (Kaya et al 2018) which is distributed sequences, 970 bp each. In order measured using ENMTools (Warren in south . to obtain the phylogeny we applied et al. 2010). Identity tests (Warren et Our study aimed to collect more Bayesian inference analysis using al. 2008) performed with 100 pseudo- data and clarify some taxonomic MrBayes (Huelsenbeck and Ronquist, replicates for P. jonicus jonicus and problems in the studied group and to 2001). According to this analysis, the P. jonicus tessellatus based on their infer phylogenetic relations. In addi- best supported tree placed all species climatic niche models support signifi- tion, we applied different methods to in the P. jonicus group on a separate cant differences between the climatic compare ecological requirements of branch, but surprisingly close to the requirements of these subspecies (Fig. closely related species in the studied Anatolian P. inflatus sensu sticto. 5). group. Material was collected dur- (Fig. 3). The phylogeny of P. cre- Preliminary results of the study sup- ing two field trips. In May, 2017 we tensis remains unclear as it probably port a common origin of fauna in the collected samples of all the species of diverged early and shows significant Aegean region along its southern arc. the P. jonicus group in northwestern genetic differences to both analyzed These results will be used for further Greece and Peloponnese. Poecili- groups. It may represent a remnant analyses on the lineage divergence mon jonicus superbus from Italy was of an ancestral lineage for the group times and estimations on their origin not considered in the current study. originated at the southern border of and dispersal within the Aegeid land, Despite intense research we found the Aegeid plate and sister to some and after its fragmentation due to land only two females of P. werneri in one taxa occurring in SW Anatolia (P. an- submergence and formation of the single locality on the Ionian seashore taliaensis, P. isopterus). The genetic Aegean Sea. near Paliovarka vill. In May, 2018 we analysis also shows that P. jonicus tes- visited the island of Crete and collect- sellatus is significantly different from References ed P. cretensis from different locali- the other subspecies and is probably Cheng, Y-C, Chen, M-Y, Wang, J-F, Liang ties and habitats for comparison (Fig. a distinct species closer to P. laevis- A-P, Lin Ch-P (2018) Some mitochondri- 2). Additional material, including P. simus. All Greek representatives form al genes perform better for damselfly jonicus jonicus from Macedonia and the top of the tree and thus their origin phylogenetics: species- and popula- tion-level analyses of four complete mitogenomes of Euphaea sibling species: Mitochondrial marker utility in damselflies. Systematic Entomology. 10.1111/syen.12299. Chobanov DP, Heller K-G (2010) Revision of the Poecilimon ornatus group (Or- thoptera: Phaneropteridae) with par- ticular reference to the taxa in Bulgaria and Macedonia. European Journal of Entomology 107: 647–672. Cigliano MM, Braun H, Eades DC, Otte D (2019) Orthoptera Species File. Version 5.0/5.0. http://Orthoptera.SpeciesFile. org Heller K-G, Korsunovskaya O, Sevgili H, Zhantiev R (2006) Bioacoustics and systematics of the Poecilimon heroicus- Figure 2. Map showing records from this study for Poecilimon jonicus group group (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae: Barbitistinae). European Journal of

Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 9 METALEPTEA 755. Kaya S, Chobanov D, Heller K-G, Yahyao- glu Ö, Uluar O, Çiplak B (2018) Review of Poecilimon species with inflated pro- notum: description of four new taxa within an acoustically diverse group. Zootaxa 4462(4):469. DOI: http:// dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4462.4.1 Mantovani E, Viti M, Babbucci D, Tambu- relli C, Albarello D (2006) Geodynamic connection between the indentation of Arabia and the Neogene tectonics of the central-eastern Mediterranean region. In: Dilek Y, Pavlides S (Eds.) Figure 3. Phylogeny of the Poecilimon jonicus group and related species based on Bayesian Postcollisional Tectonics and Magma- Inference from 940 bp of the ND2 gene. tism in the Mediterranean Region and Asia. The Geological Society of Ameri- ca. Special Paper 409, pp. 15–41. Phillips SJ, Robert PA, Dudík M, Scha- pire RE, Blair M (2017) Opening the black box: an open-source release of Maxent. In Ecography. https://doi. org/10.1111/ecog.03049 Schoener, TW (1968) Anolis lizards of Bimini: resource partitioning in a com- plex fauna. Ecology 49:704- 726. Simon C, Frati F, Beckenbach A, Crespi B, Liu H, Flook P (1994) Evolution, Weighting, and Phylogenetic Utility of Mitochondrial Gene Sequences and a Compilation of Conserved Polymerase Chain Reaction Primers, Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 87, Issue 6, Pages 651–701, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/87.6.651 Vogler AP, Timmermans MJTN (2012) Figure 4. Ecological niche models with MaxEnt. A - Poecilimon jonicus jonicus; B - Poecilimon Speciation: Don’t fly and diversify? jonicus lobulatus; C - Poecilimon jonicus tessellatus; D - Poecilimon erimanthos; E - Poecilimon Current Biology 22 (8): R284–R286. werneri; F - Poecilimon laevissimus Warren DL, Glor RE, and Turelli M (2010) ENMTools: a toolbox for comparative Entomology. 103. studies of environmental niche mod- 853-865. 10.14411/ els. Ecography 33:607-611. eje.2006.116. Warren, DL, Glor RE and Turelli M (2008) Hijmans RJ, Cam- Environmental niche equivalency eron RE, Parra JL, versus conservatism: quantitative- ap Jones PG and Jarvis proaches to niche evolution. Evolution A (2005) Very high 62:2868-2883. resolution interpo- lated climate sur- faces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatol- Figure 5. Identity tests based on the same data used for the maximum ogy 25: 1965-1978 entropy models (Warren et al. 2008). Number of pseudoreplicates is Huelsenbeck JP 100. Arrow shows the Schoener’s D values for the model with real data. and Ronquist F (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogeny. Bio- informatics 17:754-

Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 10 METALEPTEA Investigating a photoactivated metabolite in the nocturnal grasshopper By CODY GALE Department of Entomology Texas A&M University, USA [email protected] The rosemary grasshop- per, Schistocerca cera- tiola Hubbell and Walker (Figure 1 a, b), is en- demic to central Florida TT and has a unique rela- tionship with its endemic host plant, Florida rosemary, Ceratiola ericoides (Figure 1 c). The rosemary grasshop- per is peculiar in that it exhibits strict monophagy on Florida rosemary, an exceptionally rare trait among grass- hoppers. In fact, it is one of only two Figure 1. (a) Schistocerca ceratiola adult showing its brown cryptic coloration. (b) S. ceratiola known strictly monophagous grass- nymphs showing its green cryptic coloration. (c) A typical Florida rosemary bald hopper species in , the other being argentatus of S. ceratiola. I collected frass, regurgitant, and he- Bruner associated with creosote bush, I tested the hypothesis that ceratio- molymph in that order from these 10 Larrea tridentata (Otte and Joern lin, the photoactivated plant metabo- individuals on three consecutive days. 1976). Additionally, the rosemary lite, might not be restricted to the gut I collected frass by placing individu- grasshopper is nocturnal, easily of the grasshopper and therefore als in clean 50 mL Eppendorf tubes encountered at the tips of branches might be present in the hemocoel of for 8 hours of daytime. I collected re- feeding on fresh leaves throughout the the grasshopper. Not all the break- gurgitant by grasping insects between early night hours but seldom spotted down products of ceratiolin have been the thumb and index finger, with the during the day, another uncommon identified and are potentially noxious forelegs held dorsally to prevent inter- trait among grasshoppers (Hubbell compounds. I hypothesize that the ference, and pipetted directly from the and Walker 1928). breakdown of ceratiolin in the hemo- mouth. I collected 5 µL of regurgitant In permitting conditions, hundreds coel of the grasshopper may produce from each grasshopper. I collected 5 of individual Ceratiola bushes will a selection pressure for the insects µL of hemolymph from each insect conspicuously dominate an area, to avoid feeding during the day. I by direct pipetting through a small usually near one of Florida’s numer- collected regurgitant, hemolymph, incision proximal to the coxa of a ous ponds and lakes (Hubbell and and frass from adult grasshoppers hind leg on the insect being sampled. Walker 1928). The striking feature of and performed qualitative analysis by Hemolymph was collected on the final these areas is the lack of competitive liquid chromatography- mass spec- day of sampling because the hemo- growth from neighboring vegetation, trometry (LC-MS/MS). Additionally, lymph sampling process is the most which is due to allelopathic chemicals I tested samples for the presence of a damaging to the insects, compared in the soil that are leached from the breakdown product, hydrocinnamic to the frass and regurgitant sampling leaves of C. ericoides by rainwater acid (HCA), to determine if ceratiolin methods. Ceratiolin was isolated from (Fischer et al. 1994). The allelopathic degrades once inside the grasshopper. the plant source for use as a standard activity of C. ericoides is unique in and HCA was purchased from Sigma- the way the primary metabolite, cera- Materials and Methods Aldrich. tiolin, is photoactivated (Fischer et al. I collected 10 adult grasshoppers Metabolites were qualified by 1994). I was awarded the Theodore on the night of August 20, 2017 in a LC-MS/MS. 5 µl of extractions were J. Cohn Research Grant to travel to rosemary bald located in Altoona, FL injected into an Ascentis Express central Florida and investigate a pos- (29°07’33.2”N 81°34’37.2”W). I kept C-18 Column (3 cm × 2.1 mm, 2.7 sible connection between the photo- specimens in a cage with a 10-hour µm) connected to a Sciex API3200 activated secondary metabolites of C. light/14-hour dark cycle at a constant LC-MS/MS in (-) ESI mode. To ericoides and the nocturnal behavior 25°C with fresh rosemary branches. determine if the biological samples

Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 11 METALEPTEA Results and Dis- may experience potentially noxious cussion effects of ceratiolin breakdown in This study the hemocoel, but I continue to be investigated a intrigued by the coincidence of pho- possible con- toactivated ceratiolin and nocturnal nection between specialized herbivores. This research ceratiolin, a has been recently published and the photoactivated full manuscript can be found in the plant compound, Annals of the Entomological Society and the nocturnal of America, 112(1), 2019, pp. 50-55 behavior of the (https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/say048). Figure 2. Integrated peak areas (in counts per second) from liquid monophagous chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of blanks, frass, hemo- grasshopper that References lymph, and regurgitant samples. (a) detection of ceratiolin (b) detection consumes cera- Fischer, N. H., G. B. Williamson, J. D. Wei- of hydrocinnamic acid (HCA). tiolin with every denhamer, and D. R. Richardson. 1994. meal. I detected In search of allelopathy in the Florida scrub: The role of terpenoids. J. Chem. ceratiolin in the frass (P = 0.007) and contained ceratiolin or HCA, I used a Ecol. 20: 1355-1380. non-parametric approach to compare regurgitant (P = 0.038), but not in the Gale, C.C., E. Borrego, H. Blackmon, J.K. the mean detector response for the hemolymph (Figure 2 a). I did not get Harper, D. Richardson, and H. Song. frass (n=7), regurgitant (n=10), and a significant result for the presence 2019. Investigating a photolytic- me hemolymph (n=10) samples to the of HCA in the frass, regurgitant, or tabolite in the nocturnal grasshopper, mean detector response for blanks hemolymph. Multiple frass samples Schistocerca ceratiola (Orthoptera: Ac- (n=6). I used the integrated area under produced relatively strong signals rididae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 119: 50-55. the extracted ion transition curve from of HCA presence (Figure 2 b). I can Hubbell, T. H., and F. W. Walker. 1928. A each sample as the data points for infer from the abundance of cera- new shrub-inhabiting species of Schis- tocerca our tests. I used a Kruskal-Wallis test tiolin in the frass samples that HCA from central Florida. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. 197: 1-10. should be present, because ceratiolin followed by Dunn’s post-hoc using Otte, D., and A. Joern. 1976. On feeding Holms’ correction for multiple com- is known to readily decompose, so patterns in desert grasshoppers and parisons. All statistical analyses were perhaps with further replication the the evolution of specialized diets. Proc. completed in R. presence of HCA in the frass could be Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 128: 89-126. confirmed. My results do not support the hypothesis that the grasshopper Advanced maternal age leads to greater offspring immune function and fitness By CLAUDIA J. HALLAGAN, SHANNON M. MURPHY, ANGELA M. SMILANICH, JACOB D. WILSON & ROBIN M. TINGHITELLA Department of Biological Sciences University of Denver, USA [email protected] here are two main but similar trends are also found in ers 1974; Partridge & Harvey 1988; schools of thought about many other organisms including flies, Stearns 1989). This hypothesis sug- how maternal age can mice, guinea pigs, beetles, and birds gests that the offspring of old mothers affect offspring. The first (Yip et al. 2006; Durkin et al. 2008; should be at least equally as fit as the is aging theory, which Johnson et al. 2009; Parsons 1962; offspring from young mothers, if not TT predicts that mothers of Qazi 2017; Fox et al. 1993; Kern et more so. Previous work in fish, mam- an advanced age produce offspring al. 2001; Hercus and Hoffmann 2000; mals, and invertebrates have found that are less fit than offspring pro- Yanagi & Miyatake 2002; Heidinger support for this theory, including our duced by young mothers (McCay et et al. 2016). The opposing school of own preliminary data which suggest- al. 1935; Harman 1956; Buzzi et al. thought is a component of life history ed a similar pattern (Descamps et al. 2003). These studies have focused on theory, which predicts an increase 2008; Hansen et al. 2014; Clark et al. humans, where we see children with in reproductive investment by old 2017; Tinghitella unpublished). a higher risk of disease and mortal- females in an attempt to increase their Upon comparing these two theories ity when born from old mothers, own fitness before they die (Triv- and the approaches taken by aging Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 12 METALEPTEA in transgenerational immunosenes- as melanization; Zuk & Stoehr 2002; cence research. We therefore designed Strand 2002; Smilanich 2009). We an experiment that would allow us to can quantify the amount of melani- compare the offspring from old and zation as a proxy for how strong an young mothers, using the Pacific field immune response the insect launches. , Teleogryllus oceanicus, as a Our two tests measure the strength model insect system. This project al- of the individual’s immunological lowed us to develop a more complete response by counting the number of understanding of parental age effects hemocytes in a sample of hemolymph on offspring fitness and immune func- and the extent of melanization to a tion. synthetic parasitoid attack.

Methods Results and Discussion Figure 1. Hatchlings of Teleogryllus oceanicus. To test the effects of maternal age Our preliminary results support both on offspring fitness and immune aging theory and life history theory. function, we established 10 maternal So far, old moms laid smaller eggs lines of the Pacific field cricket,T. and fewer of them hatched, as predict- oceanicus. We mated them and reared ed by aging theory, but in accordance their offspring as the F1 generation. with life history theory the number We categorized the F1 females into of offspring that survived to eclosion three groups: a subset to be mated at did not differ between offspring of a young age, a subset to be mated at old and young mothers. We are still an old age, and a subset to undergo analyzing the immune response data immune testing (described in detail from the F2 generation, but we predict below). All the male offspring under- that those results may tip the balance Figure 2. Adult female Teleogryllus oceanicus. went immune testing. For the females in support of one of the two underly- that were mated, we collected tradi- ing theories, allowing us to make tional fitness measures (number of broader conclusions about the effects eggs laid, egg mass, hatching success, of advanced maternal on offspring. development time of their offspring, These are exciting results for the in- the number of offspring that survived sect aging field. Our results highlight to adulthood, and the sex ratio of the the need for researchers to collect data adult offspring). We then performed using measures of both quantity and the same immune testing on the adult quality of offspring, including immu- offspring produced by the mated F1 nocompetency. We humbly thank the generation females as we did on the Orthopterists’ Society for the funding non-mating females and males of the provided by the Theodore J. Cohn Re- F1 generation. search Fund that allowed us to carry We performed two immunocompe- out this experiment and report these tency tests: hemocyte abundance and unexpected and exciting results. encapsulation response. Hemocytes Figure 3. Adult Teleogryllus oceanicus with References hemolymph for immune testing. are the insect equivalent of white blood cells, specialized in aiding in Beckage, Nancy E. 2008. Insect Immunol- researchers, we found that there was a coating foreign objects (e.g., para- ogy. San Diego (CA): Academic Press. discrepancy between the fitness mea- sitoid eggs/larvae) that have entered Buzzi, Ugo H, Nicholas Stergiou, Max J Kurz, Patricia A Hageman, and Jack sures that researchers were record- the body of an insect in an attempt to Heidel. 2003. “Nonlinear Dynamics ing. Some researchers focused on the asphyxiate the intruder (Smilanich Indicates Aging Affects Variability Dur- general quantity of offspring whereas 2009; Beckage 2008). Therefore, the ing Gait.” Clinical Biomechanics 18 (5): others focused on offspring quality. more hemocytes in the hemolymph, 435–443. Furthermore, an aspect of offspring the stronger the immune response Clark, Jessica, Jennie S Garbutt, Luke Mc- quality that has been frequently (Graham 2011). During this process Nally, and Tom J Little. 2017. “Disease overlooked is offspring immune of encapsulating the foreign body Spread in Age Structured Populations response. Finally, we also found that with hemocytes, those cells will die with Maternal Age Effects.” Ecology insects were vastly underrepresented and become dark in color (referred to Letters 20 (4): 445–451. Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 13 METALEPTEA Descamps, Sebastien, Stan Boutin, Associated Virus (WSSV) in Shrimp 41–65. 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Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 14 METALEPTEA Orthoptera Species File Grant Reports A step towards advancing biodiversity informatics of Orthoptera from the Philippines By MING KAI TAN1,5, JESSICA B. BAROGA-BARBECHO2 & SHERYL A. YAP3,4 1Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE [email protected] 2Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Extension, University of the Philippines Los Baños, PHILIPPINES [email protected] 3Institute of Weed Science, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, PHILIPPINES [email protected] 4Museum of Natural History, University of the Philippines Los Baños, PHILIPPINES 5Corresponding author he biodiversity of Southeast Asia is among the highest around the world, and this is also true for Orthoptera TT (Myers et al., 2000). Although an estimate of more than 4,000 described species can be found in Southeast Asia (Tan et al., 2017; Cigliano et al., 2018), we still have knowledge gaps on the diversity of many groups of orthopterans and unexplored places in Southeast Asia. Taxonomy of many groups Figure 1. Summary of the objectives and results/findings of the project as of October 31, 2018. still require revisions and given that new species discovery is still soar- (Heaney & Regalado, 1998). Despite Methods ing over the past decade (Tan et al., its rich biodiversity, there is still a Survey and collection were con- 2017), many species are still awaiting dearth of biodiversity information ducted at two sites, from April 7-9, discovery. In addition to the research from the country. As an attempt to ad- 2018, in the over-limestone forest and on taxonomy and species discovery vance the biodiversity informatics of coastal areas (including the man- exercises, there is a need to make orthopterans from the Philippines, we grove forests) of Siargao Island; from biodiversity information available to conducted fieldwork in 2018 at two April 9 to 12, 2018, in the lowland a wider audience. This biodiversity sites in the Philippines, specifically secondary forest of Mount Makiling. information can be crucial for fa- at Siargao Island (Surigao del Norte) The entomological collection at the cilitating scientific research, science- and Mount Makiling (Luzon). We also UPLBMNH was also visited during driven decision-makings, education, examined the orthopteran collection the latter date. To improve knowledge and raising public awareness. For at the University of the Philippines and raise awareness on orthopter- orthopterans, the Orthoptera Species Los Baños Museum of Natural His- ans, MKT presented in the UPLB File (OSF) (Cigliano et al., 2018) tory (UPLBMNH). The objectives Biodiversity Seminar on “Improving functions as a global database to store of this project are to: (1) discover Bioinformatics on Biodiversity in biodiversity information. While the and describe Philippine species new Southeast Asia” (YouTube video). OSF is currently the most comprehen- to science, (2) contribute new mate- From the UPLB collection and the sive database for orthopteran bioin- rial for taxonomic revisions, and (3) literature, the orthopteran diversity on formatics, there are still many species deposit images of both live specimens Siargao Island is relatively unknown that are lacking in data (e.g., images, from the field and old specimens in compared to Mount Makiling. As particularly of live specimens). These the natural history museums to the such, we intensified our surveys at include species from the lesser-known OSF online version to make biodiver- Siargao Island from October 14 to 18, parts of the Philippines. sity informatics available freely to the 2018. Surveys and collection were Described as the “Galapagos islands public domain. conducted mostly at night, but also times ten,” the Philippines is home to in the morning. Male genitalia were numerous endemic plants and animals dissected from softened specimens,

Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 15 METALEPTEA sent five clades from the orthopteran phylogeny (sensu Song et al., 2015). Specifically, orthopterans from Acri- doidea, Grylloidea, Stenopelmatoidea, Tetrigoidea, and Tettigonioidea were represented. We added 114 images of 16 species (39.0% of all species deposited) which do not have any im- age prior to our submission. We also added 45 in-situ images of 20 spe- cies (48.8% of all species deposited), of which 19 species (46.3% of all species deposited) did not have any in-situ images prior to our submission (Fig. 1). These in-situ images of live specimens supplement the images of museum specimens already in OSF, in which the latter might have been discolored during the preservation process. The figures above are likely to be non-exhaustive. There are also a few potential new species from our col- lection. We will upload the images of these undescribed species once the names have been published. We can also expect images of more species to Figure 2. Some noteworthy orthopterans and their natural history: (A) One of the first in-situ be added when we have more materi- images of Hymenotes triangularis Westwood, 1837; (B) a male and female Lebinthus in com- als from the Philippines and neigh- munication; (C) a potentially new species of Orenbius calling on the trunk of a banana plant; (D) a male Sathrophyllia which is typically hard to encounter for many species of Cymatomerini; (E) boring region to better identify our a male Phaneroptera (Phaneroptera) neglecta (Karny, 1926) endemic to Siargao Island feeding current materials. on a flower; (F) one of the many Phaneropterinae nymphs (often unidentifiable) visiting and Based on the material collected feeding on flowers. and examined, three new species of and then cleaned using aqueous KOH shop CC 2014. The new material from Agraeciini from the Philippines were and subsequently preserved in glyc- the surveys were deposited in the already described and published (see erine. The specimens were preserved UPLBMNH, the Zoological Refer- Tan et al., 2018). We named one in absolute analytical-grade ethanol ence Collection, Lee Kong Chian species of Anthracites Redtenbacher, and later pinned and dry-preserved. Natural History Museum (Singapore), 1891 after the fictional superhero A single hind leg from each speci- and Muséum national d’Histoire na- character Batman in the Dark Knight men was also preserved in absolute turelle (Paris, France). Trilogy directed by Christopher analytic-grade ethanol for future Nolan: Anthracites furvuseques Tan, molecular work. We took images Results and Discussion Baroga-Barbecho & Yap, 2018 (in in the field and in the museum col- From the April trip, we collected 78 Latin; dark = furvus, knight = eques) lections. Habitus images were done specimens from Siargao Island (39 (Fig. 1) from the Siargao Island. with a Canon EOS 500D digital SLR specimens) and Mount Makiling (39 Some noteworthy findings are also camera with a compact-macro lens EF specimens) and examined (including highlighted in Fig. 2 and these in- 100mm 1:2.8 USM. Close-up images identifying) 60 specimens from the clude discovering the first female for of morphological features (including orthopteran collection in the UPLB Eumecopoda reducta Hebard, 1922 male genitalia) were done using a MHN. From the October trip, we and new locality records for Siargao macro photo lens MP-E 65mm 1:2.8 collected 45 specimens from Siargao Island for Lamellitettigodes contrac- USM (1–5×). Canon Macro Ring Lite Island. In total (as of October 31, tus (Bolívar, 1887). There were also MR-14EX was used for lighting and 2018), we have added 243 images interesting natural history observa- flash. Images (provided with scale of 41 identified species to the OSF tions, including numerous encounters bars) was edited using Adobe Photo- online version (5.0/5.0), which repre- of orthopterans visiting flowers in Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 16 METALEPTEA Siargao Island and Mount Makiling to areas beyond Mount Makiling and and the municipality of Del Carmen for (Fig. 2). These noteworthy finds will Siargao Island. The collection at NMP the accommodation and allowing us to be elaborated in upcoming publica- will also be examined. These aim to conduct research on their area. tions. improve our understanding of the or- The project was not without chal- thopterans from Philippines and mak- References lenges. Both the new material and old ing more bioinformatic data available Cigliano, M.M., Braun, H., Eades, D.C. & Otte, D. (2018) Orthoptera Species File museum collection contain species in OSF public domain. Lastly, to Online. Version 5 (5.0). which are currently extremely dif- also address the lack of acoustic data Heaney, L.R. & Regalado Jr, J.C. (1998) ficult to identify confidently without (especially for ultrasonic calls) for Vanishing Treasures of the Philippine a more comprehensive taxonomic many species, we hope to focus more Rain Forest. The Field Museum. revision. Species include many Gryl- on recording their calling songs in the Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, lacrididae and Trigonidiidae crickets future surveys. C.G., Da Fonseca, G.A. & Kent, J. (2000) (Fig. 1). Nonetheless, the material Biodiversity hotspots for conservation will come in useful for future col- Acknowledgements priorities. Nature, 403(6772), 853–858. laborative work with the help of the We thank the Orthopterists’ Society for Song, H., Amédégnato, C., Cigliano, experts from around the world. We funding this project. We are thankful to M.M., Desutter-Grandcolas, L., Heads, S.W., Huang, Y., Otte, D., Whiting, M.F. also planned to examine the collection Huiqing Yeo for field assistance and for the help in the sorting and examination (2015) 300 million years of diversi- at the Philippine National Museum of of specimens. We thank Tony Robillard, fication: elucidating the patterns of Natural History (PNMNH). However, Andrej Gorochov, Sigfrid Ingrisch, Oscar orthopteran evolution based on com- owing to the construction of a new Javier Cadena-Castañeda, Josef Tum- prehensive taxon and gene sampling. building and the movement of the brinck, and Josip Skejo for help in species Cladistics, 31, 621–651. https://doi. collection from the old building at the identification and providing resources for org/10.1111/cla.12116 time of our visit in April, we were not identification. We are also grateful to the Tan, M.K., Choi, J. & Shankar, N. (2017a) able to examine the specimens there UPLBMNH for allowing us access their Trends in new species discovery of Or- and this had to be rescheduled. orthopteroid collections, especially for thoptera (Insecta) from Southeast Asia. Therefore, the project is still very the assistance of Orlando L. Eusebio and Zootaxa, 4238 (1), 127–134. https:// doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4238.1.10 much work in progress. Our col- Cristian C. Lucañas; as well as Normandy M. Barbecho (PNMNH) for accommodat- Tan, M. K., Ingrisch, S., Robillard, T., Baro- laborators are working with us on at ing our request to examine the orthopter- ga-Barbecho, J. B. & Yap, S. A. (2018) least three other manuscripts on the oid specimens from their collections in New taxa and notes on spine-headed taxonomy/ new species discovery and the near future. The authors would also katydids (Orthoptera: Conocephalinae: the first checklist on the diversity of like to thank Siargao Islands Wildlife Agraeciini) from the Philippines. Zoo- orthopterans from Siargao Island. Be- Conservation Foundation, Inc., Mr. Jose taxa, 4462(3), 331–348. http://dx.doi. yond the timeframe of the OSF grant, Macavinta, Ms. Deny Comon, MODE- org/10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.2 we also aim to extend our fieldwork CERA project, Mayor Alfredo Coro, Jr., Orthoptera, Mantodea and Phasmida of the Serbia and Montenegro By SLOBODAN IVKOVIĆ1,* & LASLO HORVAT2 1 Department of Biogeography Trier University, GERMANY [email protected] 2Lohhäuslweg 9, 5061 Elsbethen, AUSTRIA [email protected] ith the help of an 1993 (Fig. 1) and many others for negro, photos and sounds of several Orthoptera Spe- which there are only a small number species from FYR Macedonia were cies File (OSF) of reports. All data collected during uploaded. List of all uploaded photos grant, we have these field trips in Montenegro will be and sounds are presented in Table 1. collected new data published in a paper that is in prepara- Besides Orthoptera in 2017, as part WW on the Orthoptera of tion. For Serbia we have several new of the project “Distribution, faunis- Serbia and Montenegro. In two years distributional records, which will be tics and of Orthoptera, we have gathered a large amount of presented in an upcoming short arti- Mantodea and Phasmida of the Serbia data for both countries, such as new cle, but we can still expect that future and Montenegro”, we succeeded in species for Montenegrin fauna, like research will provide more interesting finding several specimens of Manto- Oecanthus dulcisonans Gorochov, results. Besides Serbia and Monte- dea and Phasmatodea. The aim of the Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 17 METALEPTEA Table 1. List of photos and songs uploaded on OSF. M – male; F – female; S – song.

project and this short article is to provide data which could be used for future studies in distribution and taxonomy of the members of those two orders. Knowl- edge about both orders in Montenegro is poor, with only some literature data. Concerning Manto- dea fauna in Montenegro, Figure 1. Oecanthus dulcisonans Gorochov, Us, 1967 and Adamović, 1993, new species for the fauna of Montene- gro. Photo by L. Horvat. 1968 listed 3 genera and 3 species - religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758), habitats – in Ulcinj and Ulcinj Salt fasciata Brulle, 1832 and Pond it was found in tall dry grass, decolor (Charpen- while in Gornji Štoj we found it in a tier, 1825), while Agabiti marsh with high vegetation. A female et al. 2010 has reported A. of A. cf. decolor was found in Gornji heldreichi Brunner, 1882 Štoj in the same habitat as E. fasciata. from Bioče (coll. F. Wil- As our finding is based only on field lemse). Our investigations observation of eye shape, whether or were focused on finding not this female specimen is actually A. two later species because decolor cannot be confirmed until we M. religiosa is considered collect a larger number of specimens to be a widespread species for comparison. in this part of Europe. E. In Serbia, knowledge about the dis- fasciata (Fig. 2a, 2b) was tribution of mantids is a little better, found in several localities but still a lot of data is incomplete and around Ulcinj on different old, while recent reports are rare. First

Figure 2. Some of the representatives of the Mantodea in Serbia and Montenegro. A - Empusa fasciata Brulle, 1832, nymph; B - Empusa fasciata Brulle, 1832, adult female; C - Ameles heldreichi Brunner, 1882, adult male; D - Ameles heldreichi Brunner, 1882, adult female. (A, C, D – photo by L. Horvat; A – photo by Slobodan Ivković. Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 18 METALEPTEA records of mantid species for Serbia Table 2. List of Mantodea species recorded in Serbia and Montenegro with literature and new were given by Graber, 1870 where he data. *S – Serbia; M - Montenegro listed the species M. religiosa. Later, Pančić, 1883 listed two species M. religiosa and E. fasciata to be pres- ent in Serbia. After this, only a few articles, mainly from Adamović, were published. The last contribution to Serbian mantis fauna was published by Pavićević et al. 2014, where a new species for fauna was reported: A. heldreicihi (Fig. 2c, 2d). In Table 2 we present the localities of Empusa and Ameles species in Serbia and Montenegro; we excluded data for M. religiosa. The order Phasmatodea in Monte- negro is present with only one spe- cies/subspecies – Baccilus rossius redtenbacheri Padewieth, 1899 (Fig. 3). It was first reported by Us, 1967 without an exact locality, but one year lately, Adamović found the species in surrounding Ulcinj. During our field trips we have managed to findB. ros- sius redtenbacheri in several localities (Table 3). Although it is not rare, a male specimen was observed for the first time (Fig. 4) in Montenegro. The male was found in Ulcinj on Spartium Table 3. List of localities in Montenegro where Baccilus rossius redtenbacheri Padewieth, 1899 was recorded. junceum bushes feeding on flowers of the same plant. Females were found on sp. bushes. As our field trips in Montenegro were more focused on the southeast- ern part of the country, we are provid- ing data only for this part, but it is expected that B. rossius redtenbacheri is widespread in the coastal part of Montenegro. Also, the presence of several mantis species – A. spallanza- nia (Rossi, 1792), oratoria (Lin- naeus, 1758) and a phasmid - Bacillus atticus atticus Brunner von Watten- wyl, 1882 is expected in Montenegro, as the published data indicates a wide also to Luc Willemse for providing us an (L. migratoria L.) in distribution in coastal part of Adriatic exact locality for Ameles heldreichi in Ulcinj District, Montenegro. Glasnik Sea, but gaps in distributional data are Montenegro and to Paul Brock for helpful Prirodnjačkog muzeja, B, 23, 59-112. present due to lack of studies for both information and papers about Bacillus Adamović Ž. R. 1975. Pregled vrsta Man- insect group. rossius redtenbacheri. todea i Saltatoria nađenih u SR Srbiji. Zbornik radova o entomofauni SR Acknowledgements Reference Srbije, 1: 9–84. We are grateful to the Orthopterists´ Adamović Ž. R. 1968. The Moroccan Agabiti B, Salvatrice I. & Lombardo F. Society for funding our research. Thanks Locust (D. maroccanus Th.) and the 2010. The Mediterranean species of the genus Ameles Burmeister, 1838 Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 19 METALEPTEA

Figure 4. Baccilus rossius redtenbacheri Padewieth, 1899, male. Photo by Slobodan Ivković.

der syrmischen Bucht. I. Ueber Orthop- Balkana, 3:103–122. teren. Vrh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, Us P. 1938. Doprinos poznavanju ortop- Figure 3. Baccilus rossius redtenbacheri 20: 367-380. terske faune u Jugoslaviji. Prirod. Raz- Padewieth, 1899, female. Photo by Slobodan Pančić J. 1883. Orthoptera in Serbia prave SAZU, Ljubljana, 3(9): 239-252. Ivković. hucdum detecta// Ortoptere u Srbiji. Us P. 1967. Catalogus faunae Jugosla- (Insecta, Mantodea: Amelinae) with a Kraljevsko-srpska državna štamparija, viae – III/6 Orthopteroidea. Academia biogeographic and phylogenetic evalu- Beograd, 172 p. Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, ation. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomo- Pavićević D, Ivković S, Horvat L. 2014. Ljubljana. 47 pp. logica Aragonesa (S.E.A.) 47: 1–20. New and rare species of orthopteroid Graber V. 1870. Faunistische Studien in insects in the fauna of Serbia. Fauna Improving the digital content of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera; Pyrgomorphidae) in the Orthoptera Species File By SALOMÓN SANABRIA-URBÁN Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala UNAM, MEXICO [email protected] he genus Sphenarium comprises a group of colorful, medium sized, and fusiform grass- hopper species, which TT are found across the Mexican Neotropics and northwest- ern Guatemala. These grasshoppers are fascinating in many ways. For instance, with its seventeen extant species, this genus is the most di- verse among the American Pyrgo- morphidae genera and recent studies have found that most of its species originated relatively recently, over the Figure 1. Example of images of type material of S. adelinae uploaded to OSF: a) holotype lateral last 2.5 million years BP in Mexico view, b) holotype dorsal view, and c) holotype labels. (Sanabria-Urbán et al. 2017). More-

Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 20 METALEPTEA aspect of Sphenarium grasshoppers is that they are the only American Pyrgomorphidae known to outbreak. In fact, some species in the genus are regarded as serious crop pest across their distribution, but at the same time they are part of the traditional diet for Mexican people (Kevan 1977). This “hate and love” relationship between Sphenarium grasshoppers and Mexi- cans has a long history that dates back to pre-Hispanic times (Ramos-Elor- duy & Moreno, 198). Despite the biological, economic, and cultural importance of Sphen- arium species only recently have we gotten a better understating about their diversity, systematics, and evo- lutionary history. These aspects have been part of my research interests and contributions over the last few years. However, the new findings on Figure 2. Example of images of pristine non-type specimens and diagnostic characters of S. this genus were scarcely represented purpurascens morphotype 1 uploaded to OSF: a) male external morphology, b) female external morphology, and c-e) male genitalia complex. on the Orthoptera Species File (OSF) previous to this project. Therefore, I aimed to improve the digital con- tent of Sphenarium on this database, which has become a primary interna- tional reference for orthoptera infor- mation. Specifically, my objective was to provide data that facilitates the identification ofSphenarium species on the OSF according with the last taxonomic revision in the group. This data included images of type speci- mens (Fig. 1), diagnostic characters (Fig. 2), and live specimens (Figs. 3-6), as well as georeferenced locali- ties for each species in the genus. Thanks to the funding provided by the OSF, I was able to obtain photos of live specimens of all Sphenarium species and different populations of each taxa by conducting expeditions to central and southern Mexico in the fall of 2017 (Fig. 7). Contrary to my original expectations the field Figure 3. Photos of live specimens of a) S. adelinae (♂), b) S. borrei (♂), c) S. histrio (♀), d) S. work was not that easy. That year planum (♂), and e) S. tarascum (♂). the climate was somewhat atypical as suggested by the local people and over, these grasshoppers show a and among species, making them a reflected in the population densi- remarkable variation in color pat- very interesting system for ecological ties of some Sphenarium species in terns, body size, and sexual traits and evolutionary studies (Sanabria- the visited regions. For instance, in across their distribution, both within Urbán et al. 2015). Another important western Mexico the rainy season was Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 21 METALEPTEA

Figure 4. Photos of live specimens of a) S. variabile (♂,♀), b) S. Figure 5. Photos of live specimens of a) S. mexicanum (♂,♀), b) S. minimum purpurascens (♂,♀), c) S. miztecum (♂), d) S. crypticum (♀), and e) (♂), c) S. occidentalis (♂), and d) S. totonacum (♂). S. zapotecum (♂,♀). shorter than in interactive key for Sphenarium spe- previous years cies is under construction on this data- and some species base. Finally, I would like to thank the that were highly Orthopterist’s Society for funding this abundant when I project, and the Society’s Treasurer, first found them, Pamm Mihm, for all her help in the such as S. infer- administrative matters. I thank also nalis, S. macro- Víctor Ramírez Delgado, Miriam Ill- phallicum, and escas Aparicio, Ricardo Mariño Pérez, S. occidentalis, Martina Pocco, and Bert Foquet for Figure 6. Photos of live specimens of a) S. infernalis (♂,♀), b) S. rugosum were very hard to their help during the expedition. (♂,♀), and c) S. macrophallicum (♂,♀). find that year. In southern Mexico References the rainy season Kevan, D.K.M. (1977) The American Pyr- was longer than in previous years gomorphidae (Orthoptera). Revista de and, although the Sphenarium spe- la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 36 (1–4): 3–28. cies there showed their common high Ramos-Elorduy, J. & Moreno, J.M.P. abundances, several landslides were (1989) Los insectos comestibles en el found along the way, altering the México antiguo: estudio etnoento- field-work itineraries. Nevertheless, mológico. AGT, Mexico City, 108 pp. my colleagues and I were able to ac- Sanabria-Urbán, S., Song, H., Oyama, complish the goals of the expeditions. K., González-Rodríguez, A., Serrano- Moreover, we were able to visit some Meneses, M.A. & Cueva del Castillo, R. poorly explored areas in the Mexican (2015) Body size adaptations to altitu- states of Guerrero and Oaxaca, where dinal climatic variation in neotropical we discovered new isolated popula- grasshoppers of the genus Sphen- arium (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). tions of some Sphenarium species PLosOne: 1-24. that are now under analysis. Similarly, Sanabria-Urbán, S., Song, H., Oyama, during the expeditions we were able K., González-Rodríguez, A. & Cueva to obtain new and interesting records del Castillo, R. (2017). Integrative of other species of Mexican orthop- taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in tera. neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, Figure 7. a) Field work in Oaxaca and b) expe- phylogenetics, and evolution of the dition team. Most of the obtained material as part of this project is now available on genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 the OSF. Moreover, an illustrated and (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). Zoo- taxa 4274 (1): 1-86. Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 22 METALEPTEA Caelifera Type Collection at the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA By RICARDO MARIÑO-PÉREZ Department of Entomology Texas A&M University, USA [email protected]

he California Academy of Sciences (CAS) was es- tablished in San Francis- co in 1862 and by 1900 it had approximately 50,000 TT specimens. After the earthquake of 1906, a fire destroyed almost all of it. Today, with 14 million specimens, it is the fourth largest col- lection in North America. Regarding Orthoptera, there is type material of 184 valid species, thanks to the efforts of Ernest R. Tinkham (1905-1987), D. Keith McE. Kevan (1920-1991), Marius Descamps (1924-1996), Kurt K. Günther (1930-1998), David Rentz, and David Weissman, among others. Concerning Caelifera, there is type material of 89 valid species, which is mostly from North America (51) and (14), followed by Africa (12), and the rest from Temper- ate and Tropical Asia (12). There are types of two species of , six species of Tridactylidae, six species of Ripipterygidae, six species of Eumas- tacoidea, and 59 species of Acrididae (Fig. 1). The 12 and 13 Oedipodinae described by Rentz and Weissman from North America are remarkable. Also important to mention is the type material of the 10 species of Pyrgomorphidae (Fig. 2). Kevan described all of them between 1962 Figure 1. Caelifera types from CAS. A. Rehnidium mendosum Grant, 1956 (♂, HT) Peru (Tetrigi- dae). B. ornata insolens Rehn & Grant, 1956 (♀, HT) USA (Tetrigidae). C. Ellipes californicus and 1990. One species from each Günther, 1985 (♂, HT) Mexico (Tridactylidae). D. spinosus Günther, 1974 (♂, HT) of these six countries: Madagascar, Brazil (Tridactylidae). E. Ripipteryx trimaculata Günther, 1969 (♀, HT) Ecuador (Ripipterygidae). Republic of the Congo, Democratic F. Mirhipipteryx lilo lilo Günther, 1969 (♂, HT) Peru (Ripipterygidae). G. Eumastax andeana Des- Republic of the Congo, Zimbabwe, camps, 1979 (♂, HT) Colombia (). H. Euschmidtia nyassae Descamps, 1964 (♂, HT) Thailand, Indonesia, and four species Malawi (Euschmidtiidae). I. Kyphiacris andeana Carbonell & Descamps, 1978 (♂, HT) Ecuador (Acrididae: Ommatolampidinae). J. Paropaon pilosus tingomariae Amédégnato & Descamps, in the genus Ichthiacris from Mexico. 1978 (♂, HT) Peru (Acrididae: Rhytidochrotinae). This genus is found in Baja California Peninsula and for geographic reasons described in his prolific life are here visits is to double-check if the in- a lot of material from this peninsula is and were, precisely, three species of formation in the Orthoptera Species deposited at CAS. The last three spe- Ichthiacris in 1990. File (OSF) regarding type deposition cies of Pyrgomorphidae that Kevan An important task of these museum matches the reality. Frequently, there Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 23 METALEPTEA are discrepancies and case, the action is to contact the muse- numbers usually do ums where the material is supposed to not match. CAS was be housed in order to let them know not the exception and and to update the depository informa- of the 106 valid spe- tion in OSF. This is not the first time cies recorded to have that I have encountered this situation types housed here, type and, in general, when discussing the material for 26 spe- issue with curators, they are fine to cies was missing. The know that missing type material is majority (24) of them located in other museums. As long as were described by Des- the types are well curated, they agree camps (for example, to leave it at the current museum. 7 Ommatolampidinae In the end, 105 type specimens of from South America, 89 species were photographed from 8 Thericleidae from dorsal and lateral view plus labels. Africa, and 4 Eumas- All the images are in process to be tacidae from the New uploaded to Orthoptera Species File. World). The next step I would like to thank the Orthoptera is to review the original Species File Grant for funding this descriptions look- project, and the Collection Manager ing for hints of their of CAS, Christopher C. Grinter, for whereabouts and to ask all his help during my stay in the col- curators of collections, lection. such as the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) in Paris where Descamps worked. Addition- Figure 2. Pyrgomorphidae types from CAS. A. Rutidoderes con- ally, type material of color Kevan, 1962 (♂, HT) Congo. B. Taphronota verrucosa Kevan, 9 species reported to 1975 (♀, HT) Democratic Republic of the Congo. C. Desmopterella be in other museums willemsei Kevan, 1970 (♂, HT) Indonesia. D. Ichthiacris parva Kevan, 1990 (♂, HT) Mexico. was found here. In this II. European Congress on Orthoptera Conservation (Smolenice, Slovakia | September 19-21, 2018) By ANTON KRIŠTÍN Institute of Forest Ecology SAS, Zvolen, SLOVAKIA [email protected] fter the first Congress at altogether 40 presentations. The book and Professor Axel Hochkirch. Then, Trier University (Ger- of abstracts can be found at http:// Dr P. Puchala, director of the Little many, March 2016), a orthoptera.sk/2ndECOC/book-of- Carpathians Landscape Protected second European Con- abstracts/abstracts.pdf. This meet- Area, held an introductory lecture on gress on Orthoptera Con- ing was co-organized by the IUCN the nature and conservation priorities AAservation was organized SSC Grasshopper Specialist Group of the area. for September 19-21, 2018 in the and the host institution, the Institute The first plenary lecture by Axel Congress Centre of Slovak Academy of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Acad- Hochkirch was named “From Red of Sciences in Smolenice, SW Slova- emy of Sciences. On the first evening, List assessment to conservation kia. The castle hosted 48 orthopter- the congress was opened with words action,” and analysed the available ists from 20 countries and they held from the organizers: Dr Anton Krištín knowledge on the conservation status

Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 24 METALEPTEA

Figure 2. Åsa Berggren during her plenary lecture.

The second plenary lecture of Prof. Å. Berggren (Sweden) started the next morning on the long-term research on Roeseliana roeselii in Sweden and other northern European countries. Figure 1. Participants of the 2nd European Congress on Orthoptera Conservation. She delved into broad discussion on different methods of data sampling teran insects in Slovakia, Austria, the and analyses in different corners Czech Republic and Poland. For in- of the world. Climate change and stance, we learned from Armin Land- orthopterans in the Alps were another mann that during the past two decades hot topic. The conservation project for the data basis for assessing the threat the rhodanica introduced status of Austrian Orthoptera has a fascinating method of using detec- exceedingly improved, due to joint tion dogs to improve the detection of effort of Austrian orthopterists. The this cryptic species. Range expansions afternoon programme was devoted of some species in Austria were also Figure 3. Coffee break to the ecology of several endangered presented. In other lectures, the bio- species in Europe, when many new geography of Carpathian Orthoptera of all 1,082 European Orthoptera ideas and strategies for conservation and negative effects of urbanization species as well as their distribution were given. To each section, there on diversity and traits of dry grassland and ecology. This study was the result were also an inspirational series of Orthoptera in Berlin were discussed. of the cooperation of 59 European poster sessions, which generated We learned a lot of news about the orthopterists. This was a fascinating much discussion and gave the oppor- Balkan and Cretan populations of the talk with a nice summary about the tunity for comparison of findings and Poecilimon jonicus group and about two-year long assessment process, latest trend of research. the allotopic distribution in two close- which involved numerous experts from all over Europe. We know now that, altogether, 25.7% of the Europe- an Orthoptera species are threatened by extinction, which illustrates the strong need for conservation action on the ground. The following programme was divided into four sections: 1) Species diversity and conservation status, 2) Endangered species, 3) Distribution and ecological miscellanea, and 4) Evolutionary ecology and bioacous- tics. In the first section, the speakers gave a superb overview of diversity, threats and protection of the Orthop- Figure 4. During poster discussions Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 25 METALEPTEA ly related Pholidoptera bush-crickets and about the phylogenetic relation- ships within the subfamily Phaner- opterinae. The evening programme comprised a fascinating visual jour- ney around the world of orthopterans, e.g., from Eastern Carpathians and the Black Sea coast (I. Iorgu, Romania), Dinarian carst and Adria Sea coast (G. Puskás and G. Szövényi, Hungary). A. Krištín (Slovakia) has shown more than 100 Orthoptera species in endan- gered habitats of Madagascar. Additionally, some new monographs were introduced at the congress, e.g., The Grasshoppers of Greece (Wil- Figure 5. Saga pedo, one of the 20 orthopteran species found during the post-congress tour in lemse, Kleukers & Odé 2018) and the Malé Karpaty Mountains The Grasshoppers of Austria (Zuna- Kratky et al. 2017). In the Castle hall per species of sandy habitats in Cen- 20 Orthoptera species, including the there was a collection of the Orthop- tral Europe were presented. Finally, rare bush-cricket Saga pedo. tera endemics of Madagascar, and in during the post-congress excursion in [Photos in this article provided by: Ladislav Naďo, Ľudmila Černecká, Peter insectariums characteristic grasshop- the limestone area of the Little Car- pathians Mountains we documented Kaňuch, Anton Krištín] A new locality for Aztecacris gloriosus (Hebard, 1935) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Sonora, Mexico By THOMAS R. VAN DEVENDER1, JOSÉ ABEL SALAZAR-MARTÍNEZ2 & GUILLERMO MOLINA-PADILLA3 1GeaterGood.org, Tucson, Arizona, USA [email protected] 2Calle 5 de Mayo s/n, Bacoachi, Sonora 84680, MEXICO [email protected] 3Av. Juarez No. 14, Cananea, Sonora 84620, MEXICO [email protected] he Atascosa gem grass- and Sullivan 2012). hopper (Aztecacris glo- In 2009, the riosus (Hebard, 1935)) is Madrean Archipela- a brightly-colored, spur- go Biodiversity As- throated grasshopper sessment (MABA) TT (Acrididae: Melanopli- of Sky Island nae) endemic to a small area in south- Alliance in Tucson, ern Arizona and adjacent Sonora, Arizona was created Mexico. Hebard (1935) described it to inventory all spe- originally as Perixerus gloriosus from cies of animals and 1920s specimens taken from the Atas- plants in the Madre- cosa Mountains, Santa Cruz County, an Archipelago in Arizona. Roberts (1947) erected the Sonora. Since 2015, genus Aztecacris for gloriosus and the Madrean Dis- two Mexican species. Aztecacris covery Expeditions gloriosus was not seen again for ca. (MDE) program of 70 years, until it was rediscovered in GreaterGood.org Figure 1. Mating Aztecacris gloriosus on Rancho Las Avispas in Sep- 2011 in its historic range (Behrstock in Tucson has con- tember, 2013. Photograph by Charles Hedgcock. Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 26 METALEPTEA on Rancho Las Playitas in the Municipality of Bacoachi. The scenic Picacho de Bacoachi is on the ranch (Fig. 2). One of us (JAS- M) found A. gloriosus at 1347 m elevation in desert grassland 13.8 km (by air) west-southwest Figure 3. Aztecacris gloriosus (female) on Rancho Las Playitas in December 2018. Photo Figure 2. Picacho de Bacoachi, Rancho Las Playitas. Photo by Guillermo of Bacoachi by José Abel Salazar-M. Molina-P. (30.596°N 110.105°W) on terans, and an attempted intergeneric tinued biotic inventories in the Sky December 5, copulation. Journal of Orthoptera Island mountain ranges in Sonora. All 2018. The locality is 81 km south of observations and images from these Research 21:251-254. the Arizona border (south of Her- Behrstock, R. A., and T. R. Van Devender. activities, literature, field notes, etc. eford, Cochise County) and 118 km 2015. First records of Aztecacris glorio- are publicly available in the MDE southeast of the Rancho las Avispas sus (Hebard) (Orthoptera: Acricidae) data base (madreandiscovery.org). population. for México. Primeros registros de Aztecacris gloriosus was found Due to the small known world dis- Aztecacris gloriosus (Hebard) (Orthop- in Mexico for the first time on a tribution of A. gloriosus, we suggest tera: Acrididae) para México. Dugesi- 2013 MABA excursion to the Sierra that the species is worthy of protec- ana 22:97-99. Las Avispas, 15 km (by air) west- tion in the United States and Mexico, Hebard, M. 1935. Studies in the Orthop- tera of Arizona. Part I: New genera, southwest of Nogales, Sonora (Fig. 1) and that regulatory agencies monitor species, and geographical races. (Behrstock and Van Devender 2015). its numbers and distribution. The Rancho Las Avispas population is Transactions American Entomological Society, 61:111-153. ca. 27 km south of the closest U.S. re- References Roberts, H.R. 1947. Revision of the cords in Santa Cruz County Arizona. Behrstock, R. A., and P. H. Sullivan. 2012. Mexican Melanoplini (Orthoptera: Here we report a second record for Rediscovery of Aztecacris gloriosus Acrididae: ) Part 1. Sonora and Mexico. We were study- (Hebard, 1935) (Orthoptera: Acridi- Proceedings Academy Natural Science ing mammals using wildlife cameras dae): associated plants and orthop- Philadelphia, 99: 201-230. The Case of the Missing Hesperotettix: how tracking down an unreturned loan led to the rescue of an important Orthoptera collection By JOVONN G. HILL Mississippi Entomological Museum, USA [email protected] have been a member of the Or- (USNM) North American Melanopli- with you now. thopterists’ Society off and on nae collection, which is on long-term Several years ago, when I started since 1999, and this is my first loan to the MEM. Having this col- gathering specimens to begin a revi- Metaleptea submission. I have lection on-hand started me down the sion of the genus Hesperotettix, I was served as curator of Orthoptera path of an orthopterological journey briefly diverted after opening the cabi- II at the Mississippi Entomologi- that involved lost specimens, a little nets in the USNM collection, finding cal Museum (MEM) since 2002, and known orthopterist, and salvaging a a tag on the front of the Hesperotettix since 2012 have also been curating soon-to-be-abandoned collection. I’d drawer that said “Material on Loan the United States National Museum’s like to share the tale of that journey to Wallace.” Who was Wallace? At

Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 27 METALEPTEA that point in my career, I had worked on North American grasshoppers for 17 years and knew the names of all the major orthopterists, but had never come across anyone named Wallace. After inspecting the few specimens that remained in the collection, I walked over to my computer and pulled up the Orthoptera Species File and searched for Wallace, which returned a single result: “Wallace H.S. Revision of the genus Aeolo- plides (Orthoptera: Acrididae).” At the time, most of my experience was with the grasshopper fauna of eastern North America and as is a small western genus it had escaped my attention. I then went to the museum library and found the issue of the journal with Wallace’s article, which was published in 1955, and quickly read through it. It turns out that Aeoloplides and Hesperotettix are closely related, so it seems logical that Wallace would have started revising it after finishing withAeoloplides . I then checked entries for Hesperotettix Figure 1. Images from the relocation of the missing USNM Hesperotettix and acquisition of the and there was no mention of Wal- ULM collection. A. USNM drawer label stating that theHesperotettix were on loan to Wallace, B. lace. Next, I contacted David Nickle, Some of the Hesperotettix specimens in Wallace’s collection, C. JoVonn Hill with the 19 Schmitt boxes of Hesperotettix, D-E. Some of grasshoppers acquired from ULM that will soon be incor- former curator of Orthoptera at the porated into the MEM collection. USNM, and he told me that when he first came to work at the USNM, Ashley Gurney, his predecessor, was rator invited me down to look at them with the USNM on the specimen coming in to visit to make sense of and try to find the USNM specimens labels. There was not an entomologist many loose ends he had left behind so that they could be returned. He also at the university, so the zoology cura- when he retired, including loans. One sent me a copy of an article Wallace tor was happy to let me borrow all the of the ones that concerned Nickle was wrote for the Franklin University specimens, so that I could separate a big loan of most of the Hesperotet- Alma Mater newsletter, entitled, the USNM specimens from Wallace’s. tix collection to Wallace. “Grasshoppers are Fun.” In this article After loading up the boxes, the staff I turned my attention to finding out Wallace discusses his field studies of gave me a tour of their collection, more about Wallace. Who was he? Aeoloplides and the pleasure he got which was housed in the locker room Where was he? Why didn’t he finish from building a grasshopper collec- of an old track stadium. The condi- his Hesperotettix study? After some tion. tions were pretty dire, with leaks in extensive Google searches, I found A few months later, I traveled the the ceiling and poorly sealed speci- an obituary dated 1984 for Herbert S. five hours southwest to Monroe where men drawers resulting in scattered Wallace who worked at the Univer- staff members had 19 Schmitt boxes dermestid beetle damage. Because of sity of Louisiana at Monroe (ULM). of specimens out and waiting for me. my experience working in an ento- Another quick search revealed the I did a quick scan and saw that most mological museum, I spoke at length University had a natural history col- of the specimens were still in good with the staff about good curatorial lection, so I emailed the zoology cura- shape, and though all of the paper- practices for insect collections and tor to see if he had any knowledge of work was gone and the specimens what issues should be prioritized first. Wallace and if his specimens were were no longer sorted by collection, Two years later, while at lunch, I still there. It turned out they did still I was able to readily pick out some saw a Facebook post indicating that have Wallace’s specimens and the cu- of the names of collectors associated ULM was parting with its biological Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 28 METALEPTEA collections due to facilities manage- the extinct Xerces blue butterfly. as I had assumed, but taught there ment and lack of space for the mate- After freezing the collection, we for a brief time. Also, the archives, rial. I quickly called the ULM staff I began preparation to incorporate it where copies of their newsletters were had met previously to let them know into the MEM collection, which had housed, had burned down and they no I was interested in obtaining the col- recently received a “Collections in longer had a copy of that newsletter lection. Luckily, but only after several Support of Biological Research” grant issue, which I was happy to supply months of paperwork, the MEM was from the National Science Foundation them with. Like Wallace, I have yet able to purchase the ULM collection of the U.S. This grant allowed for the to finish a revision ofHesperotettix , for a nominal fee. Upon moving the installation of a compactor system in partially because the genus has very collection to the MEM, we first placed the museum and databasing of our little variation in genital morpho- it in our walk-in freezer for a month Acrididae and Formicidae holdings. logical compared to other Melano- or so and then began the inventory Each specimen from ULM is in the pline genera, and because the time process. In total, the ULM collection process of receiving a label indicating constraints of being a new assistant contained a little over 16,000 speci- its accession before final incorpora- professor has limited my research mens, among which were over 2,000 tion. time, but I have managed to parse out acridid specimens mostly collected by I thought the Society’s member- the USNM specimens and return them Wallace or purchased from colleagues ship would find Wallace’s newsletter to their rightful home. I hope to finish mentioned in his newsletter article. In article interesting and I contacted my work with Hesperotettix in a year addition to grasshoppers, the collec- Franklin College to get permission to (or two), because, after all, grasshop- tion also contained many interesting reprint his article. It turned out that pers are quite a lot of fun. butterflies, including 14 specimens of Wallace did not attend that University, Grasshoppers are Fun By HERBERT S. WALLACE ny activity that costs and has made fast friends in strange money is fun, any activ- places. ity that makes money Probably the one question which is is work. On this basis asked most frequently of the specialist alone, making a scientific in insect classification is: “Have you AAcollection of grasshop- ever found a new species, one entirely pers is an enormous amount of fun; new to science, one that no one had 25,000 grasshoppers worth for me, in ever found before?” To the student of fact. Insect collecting usually starts insect classification, finding an entire- as a result of the sporting instinct, ly new species is unusual but not at the pleasures of the search, chase all rare. Yes, I found a new species of and capture, and grasshoppers give grasshopper. On a trip for the special a full measure of satisfaction on this purpose of collecting grasshoppers score. This leads to a desire to have belonging to a certain small group of a collection as complete as possible species, I collected some grasshoppers in one group of insects. Finally, the from a clump of salt-bushes near San collector becomes deeply absorbed Antonio, New Mexico. As soon as I in the complex relationships of the took one of the insects out of the net, species and their incredibly varied I knew that I had something unusual, Editor’s Note. This article was originally and intricate adaptations for different probably a new species. One doesn’t published in the February 1956 issue of The living conditions and habits. Then recognize every new species at the Franklin Alma Mater. I am happy to republish this article in Metaleptea. one day he wakes up to the fact that time he finds it, but if he is studying he has invested a considerable sum of that group intensively at the time, it is to stay in the shade, there wasn’t any). money and many years of his life in likely that he will. The salt-bush was unpleasant stuff; something which most people think I remember the incident more by stiff, thorny, dusty, (and worst of all) a bit “queer.” In return for the time the dusty, inhospitable desert than by fully of yellow pollen. This was July and money spent, the study has led the new species. The temperature was 1, 1947, right at the height of my hay to many rich and varied experiences 110º in the shade (but we didn’t have fever season. Between sneezes and

Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 29 METALEPTEA wiping my eyes I managed to catch about 30 of the new species. Other members of the party caught about 20 more for me after I told them what I had found. Did I publish a description and name for the new species the next week and assure for myself a place in the entomologist’s Hall of Fame? No. It isn’t done that way nor will it have that result. After two more years of work on this group of grasshoppers (the genus Aeoloplides), one year at the University of Kansas in 1947- 48 and another at the University of Michigan in 1953-54, I finally worked out satisfactorily the relationships within the group, the distribution of the species and many other things that are necessary for taxonomic study. Dr. Wallace is shown in his office with many of the cases that hold his fabulous collection. Then in May of 1954 I sent the paper His collection numbers about 100,000 insects of which 25,000 are in the Museum of Zool- ogy Research Collection at the University of Michigan. Of 1,000 known series of grasshoppers describing my work on this genus to and related insects in North America, Dr. Wallace has 600. All photo on this page are from his a technical journal. The Annals of the collection. The insert shows a close up of Aeoloplides rotundipennis found by the author and Entomological Society of America, described in the article. where it was accepted for publication. Was it published the next month so men who have described one or more an offer? I couldn’t. It was not long I could have that seat in the Hall of new species and some more who since I had graduated from college Fame? Oh no! It was printed twenty have never described any. These men and folding money was still a novelty months later. Technical journals, hold their places, not by the number to me but I asked Nathan to send me particularly in biology, are so poorly of new species they have described a small collection which he would supported financially that they have but by the amount and excellence of value at about $5.00. About four many more good papers than they their published work in the variation, months later I received three small can publish, so they are months and adaptation and relationships in grass- boxes containing 300 grasshoppers, even years behind. This is one of hoppers. I might find standing room all in excellent condition with all the the big bottle-necks in the progress in that august company some day, but required information for each speci- of science. Our scientific journals not yet. men. Since then I have received three tell us today of the discoveries made After collecting specimens locally, or four shipments from Nathan every one or two years ago. It is not their one soon becomes curious about the year, except the three years I spent fault. They are doing the best they insects of other countries. So when in the Navy collection insects in the can with the little money they have. a collector in India (who had found Marshall Islands and various interest- So my paper, “Revision of the Genus my name and address in the The ing places. In addition to the interest- Aeoloplides,” came out January 15 of Naturalist’s Directory) wrote to me, ing specimens from Nathan and the this year. And now about that “Hall I was intrigued, to say the least. In pleasant friendship which has devel- of Fame” business. Well, the seats are a letter dated Sept. 30, 1937, Mr. P. oped through the years, his shipments all full. In the center of the grasshop- Susai Nathan of Nedungadu, South are of special interest because he uses per section is a throne occupied by India, wrote: “We have numerous his personal correspondence, among J.A.G. Rehn of Philadelphia, who and interesting species of Orthoptera other things, for making the paper has described more than 100 new in South India, and if you do require envelopes in which the grasshoppers species of grasshoppers and related any, I shall make a species collection are enclosed for shipping. So through insects. Seated on either side of Mr. for you. I am usually in the habit of the years I have been well posted on Rehn in a semi-circle are about 15 letting the purchaser judge for himself Nathan’s family life, his son’s college men who have described five or more the value of individual small consign- work, his church work, etc. Many of new species and two or three who ments and I should like to extend the the letters were written in the semetic have not described any at all. Stand- same terms to you.” How could a script of Nathan’s native language. ing around them is a small crowd of collector of grasshoppers resist such This was frustrating and probably Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 30 METALEPTEA caused me to miss important chapters. I come in, change into dry clothing, Yes, grasshoppers are fun, and The trail of the grasshopper hunt eat supper and stay all night. I was it does cost a lot to do any serious has led me into many out-of-the-way only 19 then and probably looked work with them, but the rewards are places where I met wonderful people like a drowned rat. Many times since, great in healthy outdoor living, warm and made some life-long friends. Late when collecting insects in that area, friends, and the personal satisfaction in the afternoon on one of my early I have stopped at the log cabin of of having done something that no jaunts in my native Colorado Rock- Roe and Mable Baldwin. Every time one else has done before by making ies, when I planned on spending the they treated me to home made bread new discoveries and solving difficult night camping out, I was soaked by with gooseberry jam and goat’s milk. problems. It is not the finding of new a driving rain. Following a foot path During the war, years later, they wrote species but the search for new truths for a couple of miles, I came to a little to me and sent me small gifts which that is the greatest thrill. log cabin on a side of a mountain. made life more pleasant in far-away The elderly couple there insisted that places. opera An invitation to watch By JEFFREY A. LOCKWOOD University of Wyoming, USA [email protected] ocust is a one hour cham- formulation, the ghost ber opera intended to of the locust haunts a bring orthopterology to the scientist until he can general public through the figure out how a creature story of the Rocky Moun- that once numbered in LLtain locust, the trillions survives spretus. The tale unfolds as an envi- only in folklore. And the ronmental murder mystery which is answer to this extinction true to the science - as well as reso- provides powerful les- nant with the imagination. This is an sons for contemporary Composer Anne Guzzo (left) set music to a libretto written by epic account of the Rocky Mountain conservation. entomologist Jeff Lockwood for the opera about locusts, push- locust, an iconic species that black- A performance of the ing science communication into new realms. (courtsey of J.A. ened the skies of North America in the opera was filmed by Lockwood) 1800s with huge swarms, but sudden- Wyoming PBS program opera will be performed live at the ly disappeared forever at the turn of and it can be viewed on YouTube at Congress in Agadir as well. the twentieth century. In the operatic https://youtu.be/03QofaRPVyc. The For more information about the op- era, please read my article published in Entomology Today.

A scene from Locust: The Opera (Photo credit: J.A. Lockwood)

Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 31 METALEPTEA Treasurer’s Report By PAMELA MIHM Treasurer [email protected] The Statement of Assets as of December 31, 2018 and the 2018 Summary of Cash Receipts and Expendi- tures are shown below. The Orthoptera Species File continues to be the largest cash activity. This is funded by an allocation of endowment income from the University of Illinois. The second largest use of cash was publishing the Journal of Orthoptera Research (JOR). The Society supported the upcoming Congress in Morocco with a grant for the Locust Opera, a grant to the ICO, and travel grants to students and young TT professionals. There will be additional support for the Congress in 2019. If you have any questions, please contact me at [email protected].

Orthopterists’ Society Orthopterists’ Society Statement of Cash Receipts and Expenditures Statement of Assets (1/1/18 through 12/31/18) (As of December 31, 2018)

Cash Receipts Cash Dues $4,100.00 Paypal cash balance $812.41 Publications 2,205.00 Midland States Bank 229,561.15 Community Foundation endowment 11,733.68 $230,373.56 Royalty and revenue sharing 4,443.39 Donations 130.00 Investments at market value Transfer cash from Vanguard & Wells Fargo 47,284.00 Vanguard: Proceeds from sale of investments 48,500.00 Grants (Note 1) $362,205.19 University of Illinois allocation 129,000.00 Operating (Note 2) 672,653.15 Total Cash Receipts $247,396.07 1,034,858.34 Wells Fargo: Cash Expenditures AAAI (Note 3) 12,751.98 Publisher JOR $4,628.77 Endowment (Note 4) 29,346.42 Pensoft Publishers 18,861.63 Operating (Note 2) 224,251.74 JOR assistance 21,000.00 Grants (Note 1) 73,158.16 Research grants (Ted Cohn) 14,784.00 339,508.30 Executive director remuneration 1,500.12 Total assets $1,604,740.20 Ed. Metaleptea remuneration 1,500.00 Webmaster remuneration 300.00 JOR editor remuneration 3,000.00 Note 1: This fund is restricted and can only be used Maintenance of Orthoptera Species File 90,000.00 for research grants. Grants-Orthoptera Species File 38,279.51 Note 2: This fund is nonrestricted. Locust opera grant 10,000.00 Note 3: This fund can only be used for the Uvarov Congress Morocco contribution 3,000.00 Award made at each int’l meeting. 2019 Congress travel-Board/Plenary Speakers 600.92 Note 4: The income in this account is available for 2019 Congress travel grants 12,000.00 Society expenses; can extract capital but must have Professional fees 4,490.00 a plan for repaying it within 3 years. (income tax preparation and audit) Accounting reimbursement 12,000.00 Other 2,445.65 Total Cash Expenditures $240,253.60

Cash Receipts over Cash Expenditures $7,142.47 Beginning Cash Balance 10,231.09 Subtotal 17,373.56 Contribution for OSF 2019 20,000.00 University of Illinois endowment for 2019 153,000.00 Vanguard sales for 2019 expenditures 40,000.00 Ending Cash Balance $230,373.56

Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 32 METALEPTEA in the Drakensberg Escarpment are As Wallace said more than 60 years Editorial the highest flat topped peaks in South ago, grasshoppers are fun and this is By HOJUN SONG Africa with an elevation over 3,000 why I love what I do. Editor, Metaleptea meters. They are isolated and impos- This is another fine issue ofMeta - [email protected] sible to climb up, and the only way to leptea and I would like to thank t is already the end of the first reach there is by helicopter. We sam- everyone who has contributed to this month of 2019! Time flies and pled on top of seven inserbergs and issue as well as our Associate Editor, so much has happened since the found Eremidium on all of them. How Derek A. Woller, for his continued as- last issue of Metaleptea. For these apterous grasshoppers were sistance in the editorial process. our society, we have a newly able to colonize the remote mountain To publish in Metaleptea, please II designed website (orthsoc. tops is one of the many questions that send your contribution to hsong@ org) thanks to Derek A. Woller (who Dan and I will try to answer in the tamu.edu with a subject line starting now wears two hats, Webmaster and next few years. Needless to say, the with [Metaleptea]. As for the format, Associate Editor of Metaleptea), we experience was fantastic and I will a MS Word document is preferred and are in the process of electing our new never forget the amazing panoramic images should be in JPEG or TIFF President-Elect, and we are gearing views from the top of the inselbergs. format with a resolution of at least up for the 13th International Congress At least when I was collecting these 144 DPI. The next issue of Metalep- of Orthopterology in Agadir. For me tiny grasshoppers, I did not have to tea will be published in May of 2019, personally, I had a very busy semes- think or worry about papers, grants, or so please send me content promptly. ter, teaching two graduate courses, anything else. Nothing else mattered I look forward to hearing from you during which I had to squeeze in two because it was me versus the grass- soon and I hope to see many of you in field expeditions and one conference. hoppers, hunting in the purest sense. Agadir! My most senior student, Ricardo Mariño-Pérez, officially (and finally!) graduated in December 2018, and Officers of the Orthopterists’ Society a new PhD student joined my lab. I don’t think that the new year will President: Alexandre Latchininsky, Food and Agriculture Organization of be any less busy for me than the last the United Nations. [email protected] year, but I guess I should try to enjoy President-Elect: David Hunter, Locust and Grasshopper Control, and make the best of it. 125 William Webb Drive, McKellar ACT 2617 Australia. Recently, I was in South Africa and [email protected] Namibia for about a month to collect Executive Director: David Hunter, Locust and Grasshopper Control, Orthoptera. This expedition was part 125 William Webb Drive, McKellar ACT 2617 Australia. of an NSF-funded project that aims [email protected] to understand the diversification of Treasurer: Pamm Mihm, 2417 Fields South Drive, Champaign, IL 61822 the lentulid genus Eremidium in the USA. [email protected]. Afromontane forests and the insel- Managing Editor, JOR: Corinna S. Bazelet, USDA-APHIS Raleigh, NC, bergs in the Drakensberg Escarpment. USA. [email protected] Daniel Otte and I received this grant Editorial Assistant, JOR: Nancy Morris, Department of Biology, University a couple of years ago and this was the of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada. second time that I traveled to South [email protected] Africa for this project. I traveled with Webmaster, Orthopterists’ Society Website: Derek A. Woller, USDA- my students, Ricardo Mariño-Pérez APHIS-PPQ-S&T-CPHST Phoenix Lab, AZ, USA. and Bert Foquet, and Greg Cowper [email protected] from ANSP, and joined Adrian Arm- Editor, Metaleptea: Hojun Song, Department of Entomology, Texas A&M strong and Clint Carbutt from KZN University, College Station, TX, USA. [email protected] Ezemvelo in South Africa for the first Associate Editor, Metaleptea: Derek A. Woller, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T- leg of the expedition in KwaZulu- CPHST Phoenix Lab, AZ, USA. [email protected] Natal. Of all the international collect- Officer, Orthoptera Species File: María Marta Cigliano, División ing expeditions that I have conducted Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, over the years, this South Africa trip La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] stands out as special because this was Manager, The Ted Cohn Research Fund: Michel Lecoq, CIRAD, France. the first time that I took a helicopter [email protected] to find grasshoppers. The inselbergs Volume 39 (1) / January 2019 33

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