Pennant Walters Mynydd Bwllfa Wind Farm
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Pennant Walters Mynydd Bwllfa Wind Farm Environmental Statement April 2009 Entec UK Limited Copyright and Non-Disclosure Notice The contents and layout of this report are subject to copyright owned by Entec (© Entec UK Limited 2009) save to the extent that copyright has been legally assigned by us to another party or is used by Entec under licence. To the extent that we own the copyright in this report, it may not be copied or used without our prior written agreement for any purpose other than the purpose indicated in this report. The methodology (if any) contained in this report is provided to you in confidence and must not be disclosed or copied to third parties without the prior written agreement of Entec. Disclosure of that information may constitute an actionable breach of confidence or may otherwise prejudice our commercial interests. Any third party who obtains access to this report by any means will, in any event, be subject to the Third Party Disclaimer set out below. Third Party Disclaimer Any disclosure of this report to a third party is subject to this disclaimer. The report was prepared by Entec at the instruction of, and for use by, our client named on the front of the report. It does not in any way constitute advice to any third party who is able to access it by any means. Entec excludes to the fullest extent lawfully permitted all liability whatsoever for any loss or damage howsoever arising from reliance on the contents of this report. We do not however exclude our liability (if any) for personal injury or death resulting from our negligence, for fraud or any other matter in relation to which we cannot legally exclude liability. i Preface This Environmental Statement (ES) has been prepared to accompany the application by Pennant Walters Hirwaun to Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council to construct and operate a wind farm at a site known as Mynydd Bwllfa to the south of Hirwaun. The Environmental Statement reports the findings of the Environmental Impact Assessment undertaken by Entec on behalf of the developer. It comprises four parts: 1. Non-Technical Summary – summarises the main findings of the Environmental Impact Assessment in non-technical language; 2. Main Volume text – reporting the findings of the Environmental Impact Assessment in full; 3. Volume of figures – the figures accompanying the main volume text of the ES; and:A Confidential Bird Annex. This letter contains information on the breeding locations of bird species protected under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside act 1981 and Annex 1 of the EC Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds (79/409/EEC). It is therefore treated as confidential, and is only circulated to the relevant consultees and is not publicly available. Printed copies of the Non-Technical Summary and the Environmental Statement may be obtained from Entec UK Limited, Canon Court, Abbey Foregate, Shrewsbury. The Non- Technical Summary is available free of charge and the Environmental Statement (including figures and appendices) may be purchased for £150 per copy. Alternatively, those documents are available as adobe acrobat files on CD, from the same address for a cost of £10. Copies of the Environmental Statement may be consulted at the following location, by arrangement: Rhondda Cynon Taff County Borough Council Sardis House Pontypridd In addition to the Environmental Statement a Statement in support of the planning application which interprets planning policies and other material considerations pertaining to the determination of the application has been prepared. A copy of the supporting statement can be made to interested parties by application to Entec UK, cost on application (the report is included in the CD version of the ES). h:\projects\ea-210\24645 hirwaun re-submission\docs\es report\rr013i1.doc © Entec UK Limited April 2009 ii h:\projects\ea-210\24645 hirwaun re-submission\docs\es report\rr013i1.doc © Entec UK Limited April 2009 iii Contents Volume 1 1. Introduction 1 1.1 About this Document 1 1.2 Climate Change 1 1.3 Renewable Energy 2 1.4 Atmospheric Emissions 2 1.5 Mynydd Bwllfa Wind Farm 3 1.6 Pennant Walters Hirwaun Ltd 5 2. Environmental Impact Assessment 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 The EIA Process 7 2.2.1 Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (England and Wales) Regulations 1999 7 2.2.2 Key Effects 8 2.2.3 The Scoping Process 8 2.3 Topics to be addressed in the EIA 9 2.4 Approach to the Assessment of Environmental Topics 10 2.4.1 Chapter Structure 10 2.4.2 Significance Assessment 11 2.5 Terminology 12 2.6 The Stages of Development 12 2.7 Structure of Environmental Statement 13 2.8 Technical Reports 14 2.9 The Project Team 14 3. Scoping 17 3.1 Introduction 17 3.2 Scoping Opinion 17 3.2.1 Temporal and Spatial Scope 18 3.3 Scoping Response 18 h:\projects\ea-210\24645 hirwaun re-submission\docs\es report\rr013i1.doc © Entec UK Limited April 2009 iv 3.4 Cumulative Assessment 19 3.4.1 Other Cumulative Developments 21 3.5 Consultation 21 4. Planning Policy 23 4.1 Introduction 23 4.1.1 Planning Policy Wales – March 2002 23 4.1.2 Wales Spatial Plan 24 4.1.3 Technical Advice Note 8: Planning for Renewable Energy 24 4.1.4 Other Relevant Technical Advice Notes 25 4.2 Local Plan Policies 26 4.2.1 Mid Glamorgan (Rhondda Cynon Taff County Borough) Replacement Structure Plan 1991-2006 Adopted Plan January 1999 26 4.2.2 Rhondda Cynon Taf (Cynon Valley) Local Plan 1991-2006 27 4.2.3 Rhondda Cynon Taff Deposit Draft Local Development Plan 29 4.3 Other Local Policy Considerations 29 4.4 Conclusion 30 4.5 References 30 5. Wind Farm Site Selection 31 5.1 Introduction 31 5.2 The Selection Process 31 6. Description of the Proposed Development 35 6.1 Introduction 35 6.2 Wind Farm Design and Principles 35 6.2.1 Wind Farm Principles 35 6.2.2 Wind Farm Design Criteria 35 6.2.3 The Role of EIA in the Design of the Proposed Wind Farm 36 6.3 Design Statement 37 6.3.1 Layout Iterations 37 6.3.2 Micro-siting 37 6.3.3 Selection of Turbines 38 6.4 Wind Farm Construction 38 6.4.1 Programme 38 6.4.2 Construction Times 39 6.4.3 Development Phasing 39 h:\projects\ea-210\24645 hirwaun re-submission\docs\es report\rr013i1.doc © Entec UK Limited April 2009 v 6.4.4 Dust and Air Quality 39 6.4.5 Site Access and On-site Tracks 40 6.4.6 Turbine Foundations 41 6.4.7 Crane Pads 42 6.4.8 Stone and Concrete Requirements and Sourcing 42 6.4.9 Construction Plant 42 6.4.10 Cabling 42 6.4.11 Sub-station and Grid Connection 42 6.4.12 Erection of Turbines 43 6.4.13 Anemometer Mast 43 6.4.14 Site Accommodation and Temporary Mast 43 6.5 Wind Farm Operation 44 6.5.1 Wind Turbine Characteristics and Meteorological Effects 44 6.5.2 Servicing and Emergency Repairs 44 6.5.3 Extended Services 45 6.6 Wind Farm De-commissioning 46 6.7 Environmental Management 46 6.7.1 Construction 46 6.7.2 Operation 47 7. Noise 49 7.1 Introduction 49 7.1.1 Noise Terminology 49 7.2 Assessment Methodology 50 7.2.1 Construction Noise 50 7.2.2 Operational Noise 52 7.2.3 Operational Noise Modelling 53 7.3 Baseline 54 7.4 Information Gaps 55 7.5 Constraints to Development 55 7.6 Project Assumptions 55 7.7 Predicted Effects 56 7.7.1 Construction and Decommissioning Noise 56 7.7.2 Operational Noise 56 7.7.3 Other Operational Noise Issues 62 7.8 Summary of Predicted Effects 63 7.9 Implementation of Project Assumptions 64 7.10 Summary of Key Findings and Conclusions 65 7.11 References 65 h:\projects\ea-210\24645 hirwaun re-submission\docs\es report\rr013i1.doc © Entec UK Limited April 2009 vi 8. Landscape and Visual 67 8.1 Introduction 67 8.2 General Methodology 68 8.2.1 Policy and Guidance 68 8.2.2 Scope 69 8.2.3 Viewpoint Selection 70 8.2.4 Survey Methodologies 71 8.2.5 Definition of the Study Area 71 8.2.6 Zones of Theoretical Visibility (ZTVs) 72 8.2.7 Description of the Existing (Baseline) Landscape Resource 73 8.2.8 Landscape Receptors 73 8.2.9 Landscape Effects 75 8.2.10 Visual Effects 78 8.3 Description of the Existing (Baseline) Landscape Resource 86 8.3.1 Baseline Overview 86 8.3.2 Landscape Elements 86 8.3.3 Historic Context and Vegetation Cover 88 8.3.4 Drainage Pattern 90 8.3.5 Topography 90 8.3.6 Land-use Patterns 91 8.3.7 Settlement Patterns 92 8.3.8 Transportation and Public Access Network 93 8.3.9 Other Infrastructure Features 96 8.3.10 Landscape Patterns in the Defined Study Area 97 8.3.11 LANDMAP and Landscape Character 98 8.3.12 Landscape Condition 105 8.3.13 Landscape Value and Local Landscape Designations 106 8.3.14 Landscape Capacity 108 8.3.15 Landscape Planning Designations and Policies across the Defined Study Area 109 8.3.16 Parks and Historic Gardens 112 8.3.17 Historic Landscapes 113 8.3.18 Visibility and the Theoretical Zone of Visual Influence (ZTV) 116 8.3.19 The Influence of Weather (Using Readily Available Met Office Data) 117 8.3.20 Principal Visual Characteristics of the Study Area 117 8.3.21 Cumulative Views 118 8.3.22 Predicted Trends and Landscape Change 120 8.4 Information Gaps 121 8.5 Landscape and Visual Constraints to Development 121 8.5.1 Overview 121 h:\projects\ea-210\24645 hirwaun re-submission\docs\es report\rr013i1.doc © Entec UK Limited April 2009 vii 8.5.2 Turbine Locations 121 8.5.3 Turbine Selection 122 8.5.4 Access Road and Substation 122 8.6 Mitigation, Offsetting and Enhancement Measures Incorporated into the Proposed Development 123 8.6.1 Construction 123 8.6.2 Operation 123 8.6.3 De-commissioning 124 8.6.4 Mitigation, Offsetting and Enhancement Measures Summary Table 124 8.7 Predicted Landscape Changes and Consequent Effects 125 8.7.1 Introduction 125 8.7.2