Discoveries Issue 35 • Winter 2011

MISSION THIS ISSUE AT A GLANCE The Foundation is dedicated to Major Histocompatibility Complex and Test Developed for Determining Risk advancing the health of all Autoimmune Disease in Dogs...... 2 of Pug Encephalitis...... 9 and their owners by funding sound Why Are Purebred Dogs So Important Planned Giving Spotlight...... 10 scientific research and supporting to Health Research?...... 4 Goodbye to Betty J. Moore...... 10 the dissemination of health Focus on Research...... 6 Champions of Health: Dr. Bill & information to prevent, treat, Helping Future Generations...... 7 Tina Truesdale...... 11 and cure canine disease.

U P O D E A C TE E Update From the AKC Canine Health Foundation FROM TH CEO, Terry T. Warren, PhD, J.D.

Happy New Year! Yes, it is an exciting between prevention and treatment to All this excitement of success and 2011 start of the new year for the help us find cures for canine disease. advancement is because of each AKC Canine Health Foundation. On one of you. We thank all of you for December 2, 2010, the AKCCHF Board The Foundation is excited to present your continual support. Without the of Directors voted to adopt a new its newly designed Website which has generosity of our corporate alliances mission statement for the Foundation officially launched. Please visit us at the American Kennel Club, Nestlé as follows: “The Foundation is dedicated www.akcchf.org to explore the new Purina PetCare Company, Pfizer Animal to advancing the health of all dogs Celebration Wall, which is a special Health, and the Parent Clubs, the All and their owners by funding sound photo gallery to memorialize canine Breed Clubs, the Specialty Clubs and scientific research and supporting the friends, to read the homepage Success each individual donor, we could not be dissemination of health information to Stories, and to search the new Canine celebrating fifteen years of supporting prevent, treat, and cure canine disease.” Health section that provides health canine health research in the amount This new statement reflects our tips and disease information. Give us of 25 million dollars. Thank you. diversity in funding research and the feedback and let us know how you Together, we look forward to a very translational value of canine research like the new look, the ease of finding successful and productive 2011, wishing to humans. The 17 funded research research data and general canine you all a very Happy New Year! projects for 2011 (see page 6 for details), health information. distributes our funding dollars equally

AKC CANINE HEALTH FOUNDATION © Copyright 2011 AKC Canine Health Foundation. All rights reserved. H EDUCA LT T A IO E N AKC CANINE HEALTH FOUNDATION H Major Histocompatibility Complex and Autoimmune Disease in Dogs

The Major Histocompatibility Complex When a virus gets into the body, it (MHC) can best be described as the hijacks the reproductive system of “factory floor” of the immune system. the cells it invades, forcing it to make The MHC is an area of the human, duplicates of itself, and in effect and canine genome, which has been changes the protein signature of the identified to code for the creation of cell. This is how the immune system proteins that the immune system uses can identify cells, which have been to distinguish between foreign and infected by viruses, and attack them to non-foreign bodies. All cells within try to stop the spread of the infection. the body are “tagged,” if you will, with “self” proteins produced by the MHC. In humans it is the MHC that leads to Basically the way that both the human rejection problems in organ transplant and canine immune system functions surgeries, and why transfusion of is that the T-cells of the immune the “wrong” blood type can be fatal. system interact with the protein coat Recently, protocols for both kidney of any material they encounter in the and liver transplants in dogs have been body—it is the MHC that gives the developed. As such procedures gain body’s own cells the “secret password” more widespread acceptability among that tells the T-cells this is a friend, not practitioners- deeper understanding of a foe to be destroyed. the functionality of the MHC in tissue rejection will need to be explored and These “friend or foe” protein markers anti-rejection treatments expanded, as are also called antigens. In humans, they have in humans. However, just as they are known as human leukocyte it is in humans, the most significant antigens (HLA) and in canines, dog aspect of the Major Histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (DLA). Complex to your dog’s health is Recent studies have shown that the role the MHC plays in so-called the MHC may form the scientific “Autoimmunity” literally means autoimmune diseases. basis for the continuing “immunity against self.” anecdotal reports of dogs with The symptoms of autoimmune What is an Autoimmune Disease? the ability to “sniff out” disease are caused by the body An autoimmune disease is basically in humans. The olfactory ability a condition where something “goes mounting an immune response of dogs is well documented. haywire” with those codes produced by to antigens that would normally the MHC, and the body starts treating be recognized as “self.” “friends” as “foes”—and basically turns as in humans, have a genetic basis. It is on itself. believed that there is genetic variance When the T-cell encounters a material in the MHC that causes the individual and determines that the antigen does “Autoimmunity” literally means or dog to be more susceptible to an not belong there­—it will take steps “immunity against self.” The symptoms autoimmune reaction, and that various to attack and kill the cells that are of autoimmune disease are caused environmental factors from viruses, surrounded by the foreign protein. by the body mounting an immune bacteria, and allergens, to toxins can This is how the immune system kills response to antigens that would set off that susceptibility. Veterinarians bacteria and other microorganisms, normally be recognized as “self.” Most which get into your dog’s body. autoimmune diseases in dogs, as well (continued on page 3)

2 • WINTER 2011 Discoveries H EDUCA LT T A IO AKC CANINE HEALTH FOUNDATION E N H Major Histocompatibility Complex and Autoimmune Disease in Dogs continued from page 2

identify four major factors relevant to Because it is known that autoimmune is well documented. Dogs can identify causes of autoimmune disease in dogs, diseases are linked to genetic chemicals diluted to parts per trillion • Genetic predisposition predispositions in the MHC—this is in solutions. There have long been • Hormonal influence yet another reason why potential dog reports of dogs alerting owners to the • Viral Infections owners of purebred dogs should only presence of melanomas by constantly • Stress deal with respected and reputable sniffing at a skin lesion. There have breeders who are aware of, and employ been several clinical studies published In dogs that may be predisposed breeding practices designed to limit in respected medical journals that to autoimmune reactions, common genetic disorders. have tested and confirmed the ability vaccines for canine disease such of dogs to detect melanomas, bladder, as distemper and parvo have been The thyroid gland plays a key role breast, and lung . Now, a recent known to trigger the response. in the immune system, and thyroid study published in the journal Medical disease is one of the most common Hypotheses, indicates that anomalies Common Canine autoimmune diseases in dogs. Since in the MHC of the humans presenting proper thyroid function is critical to with those cancers may be the Autoimmune a healthy immune system, if the dog mechanism for these dogs’ remarkable is susceptible to thyroid disease, by diagnostic abilities. Diseases inference it is also likely susceptible As stated, Lymphocytic thyroiditis, is the to other autoimmune disorders. This It is known that human body odor is most common MHC related autoimmune is why genetic screening for thyroid determined by the human leukocyte disease in dogs, and as such actually serves disease can be used in healthy animals antigens (HLA) that are produced by as a marker for susceptibility to a myriad to determine their fitness for breeding. the Major Histocompatibility Complex. of other autoimmune diseases. Some of The study concluded that “the volatile these are: The animal’s blood is tested for the organic compounds produced by • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) presence of antithyroid autoantibodies. tumors, and detected by dogs, are • Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia Any dog that has such antibodies products of MHC genes. These HLA (IMTP or ITP) circulating in the bloodstream, molecules in humans have “soluble could potentially develop thyroid and detectable isoforms that are • Autoimmune thyroiditis (hypothyroidism) disease, and/or be vulnerable present in body fluids such as blood, • Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s disease) to other autoimmune diseases urine and sweat, and there is a strong • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) because his or her immune system association between changes in HLA is compromised. Responsible dog and cancers.” • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) breeders use thyroid prescreening • Myasthenia gravis as a very important tool for selecting (For an electronic copy of this article, good breeding stock. please contact Erika Werne, MIM, CFRE, Director of Education & Certain regularly used canine drugs Other MHC Functions Communications for the AKC Canine have also been associated with It would be remiss in an article about Health Foundation, [email protected] aggravating immune response the MHC and canines not to mention or 888.682.9696.) blood disorders, such as the newer this interesting sidebar. Recent combination of monthly heartworm studies have shown that the MHC preventives. Keep in mind too, that may form the scientific basis for the any drug has the potential to cause continuing anecdotal reports of dogs immuno–related side effects in such with the ability to “sniff out” cancer in susceptible individuals. humans. The olfactory ability of dogs

Discoveries WINTER 2011 • 3 H EDUCA LT T A IO E N AKC CANINE HEALTH FOUNDATION H Why Are Purebred Dogs So Important to Health Research? Vive la différence! The very things Canine behavior and physical that make dogs so different from other characteristics are endlessly fascinating species also make them ideal genetic for those who breed, show or trial research subjects. dogs, but discoveries based on genetic research in individual breeds may The dog has a wider range of body ultimately have spin-off benefits for morphologies than any other species, not only other dogs but their fellow living or extinct: There are huge dogs, mammals, too, including humans. tiny dogs, thin dogs, and chunky dogs, Nature is conservative. If something not to mention hairy dogs and hairless works in one species the same ones. Dogs have a plethora of skull developmental or metabolic function shapes. Their coats vary in length, often causes a similar outcome in other texture, color and pattern. Specific species. Because dogs exhibit so much combinations of these physical traits physical and behavioral variety, the are what define pure breeds. Different more that is known about how the breeds exhibit highly specialized actions of genes shape the ways dogs behaviors shaped through their long look and act has the potential to lead Calendar of Events association with humans to suit a to better understanding of the genetic wide range of purposes. And all of this influences on the appearance and January 15 – 19, 2011 marvelous variety is due to their DNA. behavior of other types of mammals. NAVC Presentation

The AKC Canine Health Foundation Because each dog breed possesses February 12, 2011 has played a significant role in a particular suite of physical and Westminster Cocktail Party, New York, NY funding these studies, as well as behavioral traits that help distinguish February 20 – 24, 2011 those of researchers exploring it from other breeds, purebred dogs provide an optimal opportunity Western Veterinary Conference Presentation different aspects of behavioral to scientists trying to puzzle out genetics in dogs, including noise the genetics of physical traits and phobia in Border Collies and behaviors. Most of our dogs’ 19,000 Visit Our Booth! obsessive tail-chasing in Bull Terriers. genes have their counterparts, called February 14 & 15, 2011 “homologous genes” or “homologues,” Westminster Kennel Club, New York, NY Recent discoveries in canine genetics in other mammals. Most of the genes include genes responsible for very short on canine chromosome 34, for example, February 24 – 27, 2011 legs, diminutive size, and several coat are homologues for a sequence of International Kennel Club, Chicago, IL colors and patterns. The AKC Canine genes found on human chromosome Health Foundation (CHF) has played a 3. Therefore, when something is April 14 – 16, 2011 significant role in funding these studies, discovered about what a dog gene America’s Pet Expo, Palo Alto, CA as well as those of researchers exploring does or how it does it, that knowledge different aspects of behavioral genetics may reveal something about how the in dogs, including noise phobia in homologous gene is functioning in is cancer; both dogs and humans are Border Collies and obsessive tail- people or some other type of mammal. cancer-prone. CHF recognizes the chasing in Bull Terriers. CHF has also The discovery may also indicate why importance of cancer research for both funded the development of a behavioral things go wrong. species. It has funded over 135 cancer assessment questionnaire designed to grants, providing in excess of $6.95 assist rescue and shelter workers as well Most genetic diseases found in dogs are million to research a wide range of as researchers in evaluating behavior analogous to similar diseases in people. cancers. in individual dogs. Perhaps one of the most important (continued on page 5)

4 • WINTER 2011 Discoveries H EDUCA LT T A IO AKC CANINE HEALTH FOUNDATION E N H

Why Are Purebred Dogs So Important to Health Research? continued from page 4

All cancers are due to gene mutations No one interested in the health and Kudos or re-arrangements of chromosomes. well-being of purebred dogs can deny The interactions between mutant or the supreme importance of the DNA- • We applaud the Orange Blossom Owner misplaced genes and normal genes based tests currently available for a Handlers Association of Florida for their make cells multiply abnormally, wide variety of canine ills. These tests unrestricted contribution of $5,335.00. leading to tumors and other types of let breeders know with certainty what cancer. Humans’ long life span and the genotype of a dog is. As more and • The Briard Medical Trust sponsored two generation interval, as well as our more is learned about why dogs look of our new Grants for 2011: Grant 1426 in greater individual genetic diversity, and act the way they do and what gene memory of Michael Clevenger and Grant make studying cancer in humans a versions lend themselves to particular 1429 in memory of Stephanie Katz. Visit our website, www.akcchf.org to see greater challenge than it is in dogs. results, breeders may someday be which grants you want to support! Individual breeds’ reduced genetic able to use this testing technology to variety enables researchers to find those • Special thanks to the American German genes and gene-regulation sequences And, while most cancers are Shepherd Dog Charitable Foundation that are different in an individual with acquired, some genetic defects for supporting more than $15,000 in cancer. And, while most cancers are that predispose an individual research to benefit the breed. acquired, some genetic defects that to the disease are clearly predispose an individual to the disease • Excellent work Naugatuck Valley Kennel inherited. A researcher can are clearly inherited. A researcher can Club, supporting Grant 1345-A for easily assemble and study a easily assemble and study a large multi- $2,500.00! large multi-generational family generational family of purebred dogs. of purebred dogs. • Our sincere gratitude to Dr. Bonnie Dogs not only have shorter life spans Burman and Mr. Terry Burman who and generation intervals, but made an unrestricted contribution they usually have more offspring determine genotype for some aspects of $1,500.00. by more mates than is the case in of conformation or behavior. With such any human family. tests, breeders will be able to make • We offer a resounding thank you to our more informed breeding decisions and 2010 Gala Sponsors and our Corporate Breed phenotypic traits are more avoid some of the educated guesswork Sponsor, The Canine Chronicle, for their than just a canine curiosity. The gene currently necessary when making tremendous support this year. version that causes short legs in Basset mating decisions. Meanwhile similar • Thanks to the United States Australian Hounds and Dachshunds, a finding also tests and scientific studies built upon Shepherd Foundation for contributing supported by CHF, is not only normal purebred dog research will lead to a $30,000 to canine health research. but required for those breeds. However better understanding of other species it is anything but normal for an Alaskan and improved human healthcare, • We appreciate the support of the Soft Malamute or a human. The identifying as well. Coated Wheaten Terrier community of the gene variation associated which has donated $25,000 in support with chondrodysplasia, a common (For an electronic copy of this article, of Protein-Losing Enteropathy and cause of abnormally short limbs in please contact Erika Werne, MIM, Protein-Losing Nephropathy research in dog and human alike, has important CFRE, Director of Education & the breed. implications if you breed Malamutes Communications for the AKC Canine • The American Boxer Charitable or your own child is at risk. When Health Foundation, [email protected] Foundation sponsored Grant 1445: research leads to a DNA test, knowing or 888.682.9696.) Granulomatous Coliltis in Boxer Dogs to which variations of a gene your child the tune of $40,000. Thank you! or dog has can be very important.

Discoveries WINTER 2011 • 5 N RES S O EA U R C C O H AKC CANINE HEALTH FOUNDATION F Focus on Research Below is a list of new OAK research grants that began January 1, 2011. For detailed information about any of these studies, visit our website at www.akcchf.org. We encourage you to make a secure online donation in support of any of these new studies.

1410 Positional Cloning of Histiocytic Sarcoma 1429 Mechanistic Relationship of IL-8 in WE HA OUR 2010 GOAL (HS) in the Bernese Mountain Dog (BMD) and Cell Proliferation and Survival of Canine VE REACHED Flat Coated Retriever, Dr. Elaine Ostrander, PhD, , Dr. Jaime F. Modiano, VMD National Human Genome Research Institute PhD, University of Minnesota 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2012 Dr. Catherine Andre, PhD, CNRS - University of $100,000.00 ! Rennes 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2011 $75,000.00 1445 Granulomatous Colitis In Boxer Dogs: 1413 Investigation into the Genetics of Scottie Genetic Analysis of Disease and Functional $2,300,000 Cramp: a Genome-Wide Association Study, Analysis of Bacterial Killing, Dr. Kenneth W. Dr. Natasha J. Olby, VetMB PhD, North Carolina Simpson, BVMS, PhD, Cornell University State University 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2011 $46,505.00 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2012 $75,000.00 2,000,000 1415 Development of Anti-IgE Peptide 1455 Mapping Genes Associated with Necrotizing 1,750,000 for Treatment of Canine Allergy, Dr. Bruce Meningoencephalitis in Dogs, Dr. Scott J. Hammerberg, DVM PhD, North Carolina State Schatzberg, DVM PhD, University of Georgia University 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2012 $84,861.00 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2012 $75,000.00 1,500,000 1418 PET 2.0: Providing Engineered T-cells (PET): 1467 Characterization of Geriatric Onset Laryngeal 1,250,000 New Genetic and Immunotherapy Targeting Paralysis Polyneuropathy in Labrador Retrievers Canines with Spontaneous B-cell Dr. Bryden J. Stanley, BVMS, Michigan State 1,000,000 Dr. Heather M. Wilson, DVM, Texas A&M University University 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2012 $113,449.00 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2012 $100,000.00 1472: Treatment with Liposomal Clodronate to 750,000 1421 Genomic Resources for the Control of Canine Restore Tumor Sensitivity to in Pyoderma, Dr. Stephen A. Kania, PhD, University Malignant Histiocytosis, Dr. Steven W. Dow, DVM 500,000 of Tennessee 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2012 $42,466.00 PhD, Colorado State University 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2012 1422 Targeting iNOS in Canine Oral Melanoma $57,526.00 250,000 Dr. Julie A. Ellerhorst, MD, PhD, University of Texas 1480 Leptospirosis: A Forgotten Disease in Dogs 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2011 $59,301.00 Dr. Janet Foley, DVM, PhD, University of California, $0 Davis 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2012 $73,620.00 1424 Genetic Analysis of Cleft Palate/Lip YOUR DONATIONS Dr. Danika L. Bannasch, DVM PhD, University of 1484 Identification and Characterization of a START HERE California, Davis, 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2011 $50,000.00 Canine Derived Single Chain Antibody that Binds 1425 Identification of Epilepsy-Causing Mutations and Neutralizes Canine VEGF., Dr. Nicola J. Mason, from the Associated Loci by Next-Generation BVetMed, PhD, University of Pennsylvania 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2011 $70,907.00 Resequencing, Dr. Hannes T. Lohi, PhD, University THANKS TO EVERYONE of Helsinki 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2011 $86,400.00 1485: Study of PLE/PLN (Protein-losing WHO HELPED US Enteropathy/Nephropathy) in Soft-coated 1426 c-Kit Mutation and Localization Status REACH OUR GOAL Wheaten Terriers, Dr. Meryl P. Littman, VMD, as Response Predictors in Canine Mast Cell IN 2010! Tumors Treated with Toceranib or Vinblastine: University of Pennsylvania 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2011 A Response-Adaptive Randomized Trial, $50,000.00 Together, we’re Dr. Douglas H. Thamm, VMD, Colorado State helping dogs University 1/1/2011 - 12/31/2012 $90,000.00 live longer, healthier lives! For 2010, the AKC Canine Health Foundation made grant payments in the amount of $2.3 million to veterinary schools and research institutions worldwide.

6 • WINTER 2011 Discoveries H EDUCA LT T A IO AKC CANINE HEALTH FOUNDATION E N H Helping Future Generations When Faith Bult’s six-year-old Rottweiler top of the stairs and smiles by pulling genes that may make certain breeds started limping on his left leg, she his teeth back. It’s so appropriate for susceptible to this devastating disease. figured Punch tore another ligament. a dentist’s dog,” she says, chuckling. Hot on the heels of such research is “Punch is also my running partner, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Ph.D., of the helping me prepare for triathlons and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard in races. He’s probably run 4,000 to 5,000 Cambridge, Massachusetts. miles with me.” Punch’s limp suddenly worsened, Bult immediately began researching accompanied by knee swelling. the best course of treatment for Rushing him to the vet, a her beloved dog. “It’s been a gut- wrenching emotional week talking rapidly-growing lump between to vets, radiologists and oncologists,” the size of a golf and tennis ball she relates, shortly after the diagnosis. was found on the inside of his “This is ripping my heart out.” leg. The diagnosis: An aggressive bone cancer called osteosarcoma. Despite her devastation, Bult enrolled Punch in a canine research project focused on pinpointing diseased Leading the Institute’s dog disease- genes associated with osteosarcoma. mapping group (part of a continuation “Three years ago when he blew his “As a dentist, I‘ve seen what research of the institute’s Dog Genome Project), ligament on the other leg, the orthopedic has been able to accomplish for my Lindblad-Toh is also professor of surgeon said he had a 50-50 chance of patients,” she says. While Bult knows comparative genomics at Uppsala doing the same thing with this leg,” osteosarcoma will eventually claim University in Sweden and director explains the Washington dentist. Punch’s life, she hopes contributing of vertebrate genome biology at the to this research by donating samples Broad Institute. She headed the Broad After scheduling surgery to repair the of Punch’s blood and DNA will Institute’s team credited in 2005 with assumed rupture, Bult was blindsided potentially help future generations of first sequencing the complete dog by what happened next: Punch’s limp dogs diagnosed with this disease. genome. With results published in suddenly worsened, accompanied by The most common malignant bone 2005, this blueprint of a dog’s genetic knee swelling. Rushing him to the vet, cancer in dogs, osteosarcoma accounts material paved the path for today’s a rapidly-growing lump between the for five to six percent of all canine osteosarcoma project at the Broad size of a golf and tennis ball was found cancers, or 8,000 to 10,000 cases Institute, funded by the AKC Canine on the inside of his leg. The diagnosis: reported annually in the United States. Health Foundation. An aggressive bone cancer called Large breed dogs have a higher risk of osteosarcoma. developing osteosarcoma within their By analyzing hundreds of samples of lifetime than other breeds, typically dog blood and DNA, researchers have “I couldn’t speak and could barely diagnosed between seven to eight detected three chromosomal regions breathe when I received the news,” years of age. In most cases, metastasis in greyhounds and three chromosomal says Bult. “I went to the bathroom and and death follow within a few months regions in Rottweilers suspected of vomited.” Punch is affectionately called or years. The median survival time causing osteosarcoma. Lindblad-Toh Bult’s “Velcro dog,” because “he never for dogs treated with amputation plus and her team are also honing in on leaves my side,” she says. “He’s my chemotherapy is 12 months, with only gene mutations linked to this deadly heart. He and I live inside each other. 20 percent surviving two years. disease in using ten additional breeds. Every morning he greets me wiggling his body and crying from happiness. To determine the cause of canine Researchers have been working to He’s so excited to see me. When I osteosarcoma, scientists are working collect a sufficient number of cases come home from work, he stands on to identify inherited mutations in (continued on page 9)

Discoveries WINTER 2011 • 7 ILS WA TA GG P I E N E G AKC CANINE HEALTH FOUNDATION K Spotlight on Genetic Tests: Test Developed for Determining Risk of Pug Dog Encephalitis

Introduction years of age are more apt to develop region, have an observed risk (OR) Approximately 1.2% of Pug dogs die of NME than older, male and non-fawn of 12.75 for NME in their lifetime over necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME), colored individuals2. Recent research Pugs that have only one or no copies also known as Pug dog encephalitis has revealed that susceptibility to NME of these markers (OR 0-1.08). (PDE). NME is an inflammatory disease of is associated with the dog leukocyte the central nervous system that is usually antigen (DLA) region of dog chromosome ORDER TEST KITS from progressive and fatal. Symptoms of NME 123. The association is at or near the http://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/services/ include seizures, depression, ataxia, region containing the DLA class II genes. dog.php — Allow 5-10 business days abnormal gait and blindness1. Female, Dogs that have two identical copies for test results. fawn-colored Pug Dogs younger than 7 of the NME associated markers in this

Results reported as: Outcomes of matings markers (N/S), but will also be at low N/N—No copies of the NME associated based on NME test risk for developing NME. markers (homozygous for normal). results: These dogs have a low risk of 3. N/S x N/S = One fourth of puppies developing NME. Detailed Information will be N/N and at low risk for 1. N/N x N/N = all puppies will NME; one half will be N/S, carry the N/S—One copy of the NME have two copies of the low NME susceptibility marker, but will also be associated markers (heterozygous risk markers (N/N) and will have at low risk for NME; one fourth will be for susceptibility). These dogs have a significantly reduced risk of S/S and will be at high risk for NME. a low risk of developing NME. developing NME during their lifetime. 4. N/S x S/S = One half of the S/S—Two copies of the NME 2. N/N x N/S = One half of the puppies will carry the susceptibility susceptibility associated markers. puppies will have two copies of the marker (N/S), but will not be at These dogs are 12.75 times more low NME risk markers (N/N), and increased risk of NME; one half of the likely to develop NME in their have a significantly reduced risk puppies will have two copies (S/S) of lifetime. of developing NME during their the susceptibility marker and be at lifetimes. One half of the puppies will high risk of NME. carry one copy of the susceptibility (continued on page 9)

8 • WINTER 2011 Discoveries ILS WA TA GG P I E N AKC CANINE HEALTH FOUNDATION E G K

Helping Future Generations continued from page 7

and control dogs in the past few years. over the next five years is to really dog right now. He went swimming “We’re happy to report that we have understand how the different genes and yesterday, which helps keep his muscle analyzed 155 osteosarcoma cases gene combinations work together to tone up. Unless you know what you’re and 120 controls (Greyhounds) with cause this disease so we can customize looking for, you wouldn’t even know the latest genome-wide screening treatments for specific disease genes, he has cancer at this point.” technology,” she says. “The results along with offering the best guidelines look very promising with one major on when to test and what do to when For information about contributing a gene and several additional genes you get the test results.” blood sample from a purebred dog for contributing to the disease.” this research, visit the Broad Institute’s Since dogs and people are genetically website at http://www.broadinstitute. The next step for Lindblad-Toh and similar, this research could also help org/mammals/dog/donate.html. “These her team will be to find the actual humans. “We share around the same samples are critical to be able to find mutations and then develop DNA 20,000 genes and we live in the these disease genes and mutations,” tests to detect dogs susceptible to same environment to a large degree,” says Lindblad-Toh. “We still need as osteosarcoma and dogs that may pass notes Lindblad-Toh. “Osteosarcoma many blood and tumor samples as these genes on to offspring. This will is a disease that behaves very similar possible because we have a lot more allow owners and veterinarians to in dogs and humans, which means work to do to really understand the more closely follow dogs susceptible to there’s a very good chance of a drug disease, in addition to just finding tumors before possible life-threatening having the same effect on both dogs these genes. This research will give us symptoms surface. and humans.” a better understanding of the biology of this disease, allowing us to develop “For a major disease like cancer, the Meanwhile, Bult is focusing on preventative measures and effective really fun part will come next year enjoying quality time with Punch. “I’m new treatments. We’re therefore very when we can start offering genetic going to do whatever I can to keep him grateful to the dogs and pet owners testing,” notes Lindblad-Toh. “Our hope comfortable and happy. He’s a happy who have helped us.”

Spotlight on Genetic Tests: Test Developed for Determining Risk of Pug Dog Encephalitis continued from page 8

5. S/S x S/S = All of the puppies will 40% of Pug Dogs have the S genotype inflammatory disorders of the canine carry two copies of the susceptibility in a heterozygous (N/S = 29%) or central nervous system: a review and marker (S/S) and be at high risk for homozygous state (S/S = 11%). Eliminating future perspectives. J Small Anim Pract NME. the S genotype will lead to a considerable 2010: 51: 138–149. loss of genetic diversity. Therefore, breeders should carefully select matings 2. Levine JM, Fosgate GT, Porter B Notes: This is not a diagnostic test for that do not produce S/S puppies. et al. Epidemiology of necrotizing NME in Pug Dogs or for NME disease or meningoencephalitis in Pug dogs. risk in other breeds. The test is only to The NME report includes DNA types for J Vet Intern Med 2008: 22: 961–968. determine risk for developing NME in Pug a panel of 8 markers selected from the Dogs and for selecting matings that will International Society of Animal Genetics 3. Greer KA, AK Wong, H Liu, TR Famula, produce puppies that are at decreased (ISAG) canine parentage panel. These NC Pedersen, A Ruhe, M Wallace and MW risk (N/N, N/S). Although a significant markers provide individual identification Neff. Necrotizing meningoencephalitis of proportion (11%) of Pug Dogs is S/S, only for each sample tested. Pug Dogs associates with dog leukocyte about 1 in 8 of this group will develop antigen class II and resembles acute NME during their lifetime. References: variant forms of multiple sclerosis. Tissue 1. Talarico LR, Schatzberg SJ. Idiopathic Antigens 2010: 76:110-118. Also, breeders are advised against granulomatous and necrotising breeding out the S genotype, because

Discoveries WINTER 2011 • 9 ILS WA TA GG P I E N E G AKC CANINE HEALTH FOUNDATION K Planned Giving Spotlight: Charitable Gift Annuities Charitable Gift Annuities are a way to • Deferred: payments begin one or Gift Annuities are the most popular make a donation to the AKC Canine more years after the annuity is type of planned gift that offer lifetime Health Foundation and receive created and are higher than an income. For more information call us guaranteed fixed payments for life. immediate annuity. They are ideal toll free at 1-888-682-9696. Planned There are three kinds of Charitable for supplementing retirement income gifts of any type qualify you for Gift Annuities: while getting the tax benefits now. recognition in the Canine Health • Immediate: the Foundation promises Foundation Heritage Society. Benefits to immediately begin making lifetime • Flexible: the start date for this of the Heritage Society include listing payments to the beneficiary of the annuity is flexible so a gift annuity in printed materials, event invitations annuity in return for your contribution. can be established even if you do not and a Heritage Society lapel pin. Payments may be much higher than know when you are going to retire. the return on securities or CDs.

CHF Remembers Betty J. Moore Club shows in Chicago and National We were thrilled when Betty moved to Parent Club Canine Health Foundation Raleigh! She jumped right in as if she Conferences in St. Louis. Those were hadn’t missed a thing. She kept us all early mornings and long days. A moving forward; never letting us just morning person anyway, Betty was “get by.” Betty always made us want always ready to greet people with a to be better—better at our jobs, and smile and a cheerful “hello.” better people in general. While she wasn’t judgmental, we all wanted her When we moved into a larger office approval! space, still in Aurora, Betty was instrumental in getting everything A devoted mother and grandmother, organized for the move. She never Betty often shared stories of her family shied away from hard work, always with her co-workers, and delighted willing to roll up her sleeves and pitch in hearing about others’ children and The AKC Canine Health Foundation in whenever necessary. And even grandchildren, as well. Not being one lost a beloved employee in October. though she had plenty of her own work to have pets herself, Betty was also Mrs. Betty Moore started with the to do, she was always willing to provide always interested in hearing about Foundation in 1998 and was the assistance to a colleague when asked; the antics of her co-workers dogs, and executive assistant for all three sometimes we didn’t even have to ask. enjoyed visiting with them when they executive directors of the AKC came into the office. Canine Health Foundation. In 2003, Betty chose not to move to North Carolina when CHF made the Always pleasant, Betty was a calming In the early days, Betty traveled move to the AKC offices in Raleigh. influence on all who spent time with to several dog shows and events, She did, however, spend several her. “Betty was the kindest person I’ve always representing CHF in the most months traveling back and forth ever met,” said Dr. Terry Warren, CEO professional manner. She attended between Cleveland and Raleigh, of the AKC Canine Health Foundation. the first dinner in memory of Bill assisting the new staff of CHF in Her sentiments have been echoed Trainor at the Thanksgiving Turkey getting things set up and organized. In by many others. Betty will be dearly Cluster in 1998 in Maryland, as well 2005, Betty reconsidered and moved to missed by the Board and Staff of the as numerous International Kennel Raleigh to rejoin the staff. AKC Canine Health Foundation.

10 • WINTER 2011 Discoveries ILS WA TA GG P I E N AKC CANINE HEALTH FOUNDATION E G K Champions of Canine Health: AKC Canine Health Foundation President’s Award Goes to Dr. Bill and Tina Truesdale

Raleigh, NC—Cindy Vogels, chairman Upon presentation of the AKC Canine Health Foundation at the Foundation’s (CHF) has announced that Dr. Bill signature fundraising and Tina Truesdale have received the event, “The Gala by organization’s 2010 President’s Award the Bay” in Long for significant contributions to canine Beach, California, health. This award is presented to Vogels noted, “Each individuals, clubs, or organizations year it is the privilege who demonstrate excellence in of the Chairman to advancing the health of purebred dogs. select the recipient of the President’s Award. This year I am Club Members delighted to honor two as of November 24, 2010 (new since individuals who have “Without good canine health there would given generously and August 5, 2010) be no such thing as dog shows, not to selflessly for years.” mention the devastating effects of Afghan Hound Club of America, Inc. She continued, “They loosing your pet to a ravaging disease American Lhasa Apso Club, Inc. have contributed, not Austin Kennel Club, Inc. only monetarily—often such as cancer.” Australian Terrier International anonymously—but Chaparral Kennel Club, Inc. have also devoted their Chinook Club of America Dandie Dinmont Terrier Club of America, Inc. energies, intelligence and spirit— “We are priviledged and fortunate Des Moines Obedience Training Club helping engage others in our quest. to have an organization such as the Fox River Valley Kennel Club, Inc. From the bottom of my heart, my AKC Canine Health Foundation,” Havanese Club of America thanks to Bill and Tina Truesdale.” said Dr. Truesdale. “Without good Ladies’ Dog Club, Inc. canine health there would be no such Lawrence Jayhawk Kennel Club, Inc. Dr. William Truesdale, a small thing as dog shows, not to mention Los Encinos Kennel Club, Inc. animal veterinarian and reproductive the devastating effects of loosing Mid Hudson Kennel Association specialist in Massachussetts, joined your pet to a ravaging disease such New England Old English Sheepdog Club the board of the AKC Canine as cancer.” Added Mrs. Truesdale, Northern New Jersey Great Dane Club Health Foundation in 2002. A “We are responsible to help create a Plum Creek Kennel Club of Colorado member of the grants committee Poodle Club of America Foundation, Inc. healthier life for our beloved dogs; since then, Dr. Truesdale is also Port Chester Obedience Training Club, Inc. that is our driven mission. I cannot the founder of the American Boxer Progressive Dog Club think of a better purpose in our lives, Rhodesian Ridgeback Club of the Charitable Foundation, and he and but to work with diligence towards United States, Inc. Mrs. Truesdale are members of the the cause of Good Canine Health.” Schooley’s Mountain Kennel Club Founders Society of the AKC Canine Siberian Husky Club of America, Inc. Health Foundation. Mrs. Truesdale The permanent award, designed by Spanish Water Dog Club has been a tireless supporter of AKC Cavalier King Charles fancier and Tibetan Terrier Club of America, Inc. Canine Health Foundation events, sculptress Janet York, is on display in volunteering at many annual Galas the AKC Canine Health Foundation and events during Westminster offices in Raleigh, North Carolina. weekend over the years.

Discoveries WINTER 2011 • 11 AKC CANINE HEALTH FOUNDATION CHARITY COCKTAIL PARTY

Discoveries PLEASE JOIN US FOR AN EVENING OF CELEBRATION HOSTED BY: Issue 35 • Winter 2011 FRIENDS OF THE AKC CANINE HEALTH FOUNDATION

THIS ISSUE FEATURES SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2011 Major Histocompatibility Complex 6:00 – 8:00 PM and Autoimmune Disease in Dogs AFFINIA MANHATTAN Why Are Purebred Dogs So Important 371 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY to Health Research? RSVP by January 28, 2011 Helping Future Generations

Test Developed for Determining Risk of Pug Dog Encephalitis $100 Per Person to Benefit the AKC Canine Health Foundation Champions of Canine Health:

Dr. Bill & Tina Truesdale YOUR CONTRIBUTION IS TAX-DEDUCTIBLE AND HELPS DOGS LIVE LONGER, HEALTHIER LIVES.

Many of the photos are courtesy of American Kennel Club. Kennel American of courtesy are photos the of Many

888.682.9696

WWW.AKCCHF.ORG

on canine health. Thank you! you! Thank health. canine on

you this publication filled with information information with filled publication this you

sending keep can we so online, donate or

gift, a in mail please awhile been it’s If

IF YOU HAVE GIVEN RECENTLY, THANK YOU. THANK RECENTLY, GIVEN HAVE YOU IF

PLEASE DON’T LET THIS BE YOUR LAST ISSUE! ISSUE! LAST YOUR BE THIS LET DON’T PLEASE

Raleigh, North Carolina 27675-9061 Carolina North Raleigh, PO Box 900061 Box PO