The Impact of Remedial Mulch on Phosphorus Absorption in Macadamia Integrifolia. a Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Division Of
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Macadamia Integrifolia HAES 741)
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.25.114009; this version posted May 27, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Chromosome-scale assembly and annotation of the macadamia genome (Macadamia integrifolia HAES 741) Catherine J. Nock1†*, Abdul Baten1,2†, Ramil Mauleon1, Kirsty S. Langdon1, Bruce Topp3, Craig Hardner3, Agnelo Furtado3, Robert J. Henry3 and Graham J. King1 1Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia 2AgResearch NZ, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand 3Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4069, Australia †These authors contributed equally to this work *Corresponding author, [email protected] ORCID 0000-0001-5609-4681 Abstract Macadamia integrifolia is a representative of the large basal eudicot family Proteaceae and the main progenitor species of the Australian native nut crop macadamia. Since its commercialisation in Hawaii fewer than 100 years ago, global production has expanded rapidly. However, genomic resources are limited in comparison to other horticultural crops. The first draft assembly of M. integrifolia had good coverage of the functional gene space but its high fragmentation has restricted its use in comparative genomics and association studies. Here we have generated an improved assembly of cultivar HAES 741 (4,094 scaffolds, 745 Mb, N50 413 kb) using a combination of Illumina paired and PacBio long read sequences. -
Macadamia Variety Identifier
Macadamia information kit Reprint – information current in 1998 Macadamia Variety Identifier REPRINT INFORMATION – PLEASE READ! Contributing authors For updated information please call 13 25 23 or visit the website www.deedi.qld.gov.au David Bell Eric Gallagher This publication has been reprinted as a digital book without any changes to the content published in 1998. We advise readers to take particular note of the areas most likely to be out-of-date and so requiring further research: Lindsay Bryen Ian McConachie • Chemical recommendations—check with an agronomist or Infopest www.infopest.qld.gov.au • Financial information—costs and returns listed in this publication are out of date. Please contact an adviser or Daryl Firth Paul O’Hare industry body to assist with identifying more current figures. Kim Jones Russ Stephenson • Varieties—new varieties are likely to be available and some older varieties may no longer be recommended. Check with an agronomist, call the Business Information Centre on 13 25 23, visit our website www.deedi.qld.gov.au or contact the industry body. • Contacts—many of the contact details may have changed and there could be several new contacts available. The industry organisation may be able to assist you to find the information or services you require. • Organisation names—most government agencies referred to in this publication have had name changes. Contact Coordinating author the Business Information Centre on 13 25 23 or the industry organisation to find out the current name and contact details for these agencies. • Additional information—many other sources of information are now available for each crop. -
Rhizosphere Processes and Nutrient Management for Improving Nutrient
HORTSCIENCE 54(4):603–608. 2019. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13643-18 macadamia production is still in its infancy. Many guide brochures on the Macadamia grower’s handbook have been used in Aus- Rhizosphere Processes and Nutrient tralia and America (Bittenbender and Hirae, 1990; O’Hare et al., 2004). The technical Management for Improving guidelines mentioned in these books are not well adapted to the local soil and climatic Nutrient-use Efficiency in conditions in China. Moreover, the unique characteristics of cluster roots of macadamia have been greatly ignored, leading to uncou- Macadamia Production pling of crop management in the orchard with Xin Zhao and Qianqian Dong root/rhizosphere-based nutrient management. Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Key Enhancing nutrient-use efficiency through op- timizing fertilizer input, improving fertilizer Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing formulation, and maximizing biological in- 100193, P. R. China teraction effects helps develop healthy and sustainable orchards (Jiao et al., 2016; Shen Shubang Ni, Xiyong He, Hai Yue, and Liang Tao et al., 2013). Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, Yunnan, P. R. China This paper discusses the problems and challenges of macadamia production and de- Yanli Nie velopment in China as well as other parts of The General Station of Forestry Technology Extension in Yunnan Province, the world, analyzes how cluster root growth Yunnan, P. R. China affects the rhizosphere dynamics of macad- amia, thus contributing to efficient nutrient Caixian Tang mobilization and use, and puts forward the Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio – Centre for strategies of nutrient management for im- AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia proving nutrient-use efficiency in sustainable macadamia production. -
Freschet Et Al., 2018), Sometimes Across Different Belowground Entities (Freschet & Roumet, 2017)
A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardizing root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements Gregoire Freschet, Loic Pagès, Colleen Iversen, Louise Comas, Boris Rewald, Catherine Roumet, Jitka Klimešová, Marcin Zadworny, Hendrik Poorter, Johannes Postma, et al. To cite this version: Gregoire Freschet, Loic Pagès, Colleen Iversen, Louise Comas, Boris Rewald, et al.. A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardizing root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements. 2020. hal-02918834 HAL Id: hal-02918834 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02918834 Preprint submitted on 21 Aug 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardizing root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements Grégoire T. Freschet1,2, Loïc Pagès3, Colleen M. Iversen4, Louise H. Comas5, Boris Rewald6, Catherine Roumet1, Jitka Klimešová7, Marcin Zadworny8, Hendrik Poorter9,10, Johannes A. Postma9, Thomas S. Adams11, Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna12, A. Glyn Bengough13,14, Elison B. Blancaflor15, Ivano Brunner16, Johannes H.C. Cornelissen17, Eric Garnier1, Arthur Gessler18,19, Sarah E. Hobbie20, Ina C. Meier21, Liesje Mommer22, Catherine Picon-Cochard23, Laura Rose24, Peter Ryser25, Michael Scherer- Lorenzen26, Nadejda A. -
Chapter 19 Role of Root Clusters in Phosphorus
CHAPTER 19 ROLE OF ROOT CLUSTERS IN PHOSPHORUS ACQUISITION AND INCREASING BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN AGRICULTURE H. LAMBERS AND M.W. SHANE School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Soils in the south-west of Western Australia and South Africa are among the most phosphorus- impoverished in the world, and at the same time both of these regions are Global Biodiversity Hotspots. This unique combination offers an excellent opportunity to study root adaptations that are significant in phosphorus (P) acquisition. A large proportion of species from these P-poor environments cannot produce an association with mycorrhizal fungi, but, instead, produce ‘root clusters’. In Western Australia, root- cluster-bearing Proteaceae occur on the most P-impoverished soils, whereas the mycorrhizal Myrtaceae tend to inhabit the less P-impoverished soils in this region. Root clusters are an adaptation both in structure and in functioning; characterized by high densities of short lateral roots that release large amounts of exudates, in particular carboxylates (anions of di- and tri-carboxylic acids). The functioning of root clusters in Proteaceae (’proteoid’ roots) and Fabaceae (‘cluster’ roots) has received considerable attention, but that of ‘dauciform’ root clusters developed by species in Cyperaceae has barely been explored. Research on the physiology of ‘capillaroid’ root clusters formed by species in Restionaceae has yet to be published. Root-cluster initiation and growth in species of the Cyperaceae, Fabaceae and Proteaceae are systemically stimulated when plants are grown at a very low P supply, and are suppressed as leaf P concentrations increase. -
Albuca Spiralis
Flowering Plants of Africa A magazine containing colour plates with descriptions of flowering plants of Africa and neighbouring islands Edited by G. Germishuizen with assistance of E. du Plessis and G.S. Condy Volume 62 Pretoria 2011 Editorial Board A. Nicholas University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, RSA D.A. Snijman South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA Referees and other co-workers on this volume H.J. Beentje, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK D. Bridson, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK P. Burgoyne, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA J.E. Burrows, Buffelskloof Nature Reserve & Herbarium, Lydenburg, RSA C.L. Craib, Bryanston, RSA G.D. Duncan, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA E. Figueiredo, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, RSA H.F. Glen, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Durban, RSA P. Goldblatt, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, Missouri, USA G. Goodman-Cron, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, RSA D.J. Goyder, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK A. Grobler, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA R.R. Klopper, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA J. Lavranos, Loulé, Portugal S. Liede-Schumann, Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany J.C. Manning, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA A. Nicholas, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, RSA R.B. Nordenstam, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden B.D. Schrire, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK P. Silveira, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal H. Steyn, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA P. Tilney, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, RSA E.J. -
Fossil Fruit of the Macadamieae (Proteaceae) in the Tertiary of Eastern Australia: Eureka Gen
Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 55(1) © The State of Queensland (Queensland Museum) 2010 PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Australia Phone 06 7 3840 7555 Fax 06 7 3846 1226 Email [email protected] Website www.qm.qld.gov.au National Library of Australia card number ISSN 0079-8835 NOTE Papers published in this volume and in all previous volumes of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum may be reproduced for scientific research, individual study or other educational purposes. Properly acknowledged quotations may be made but queries regarding the republication of any papers should be addressed to the Editor in Chief. Copies of the journal can be purchased from the Queensland Museum Shop. A Guide to Authors is displayed at the Queensland Museum web site http://www.qm.qld.gov.au/About+Us/Publications/Memoirs+of+the+Queensland+Museum A Queensland Government Project Typeset at the Queensland Museum Fossil fruit of the Macadamieae (Proteaceae) in the Tertiary of eastern Australia: Eureka gen. nov. Mary E. DETTMANN H. Trevor CLIFFORD Queensland Museum, Geosciences, Hendra Facility, 122 Gerler Rd, Hendra, Qld 4011, Australia. Email: [email protected] Citation: Dettmann, M.E. & Clifford, H.T. 2010 03 15. Fossil fruit of the Macadamieae (Proteaceae) in the Tertiary of eastern Australia: Eureka gen. nov.. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum — Nature 55(1): 147-166. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Accepted: 13 October 2009. ABSTRACT Eureka gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate fossil fruits recovered from several mid- Tertiary (early Oligocene-Miocene) sites in eastern Australia. The type (E. -
MC15012 Final Report-516.Pdf
Final Report Review of macadamia orchard nutrition Timothy Smith The Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (DAF) Project Number: MC15012 MC15012 This project has been funded by Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited using the Macadamia industry levy with co-investment from DAF Horticulture and Forestry Science, The University of Queensland and funds from the Australian Government. Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited (Hort Innovation) makes no representations and expressly disclaims all warranties (to the extent permitted by law) about the accuracy, completeness, or currency of information in Review of macadamia orchard nutrition. Reliance on any information provided by Hort Innovation is entirely at your own risk. Hort Innovation is not responsible for, and will not be liable for, any loss, damage, claim, expense, cost (including legal costs) or other liability arising in any way (including from Hort Innovation or any other person’s negligence or otherwise) from your use or non-use of Review of macadamia orchard nutrition, or from reliance on information contained in the material or that Hort Innovation provides to you by any other means. ISBN 978 0 7341 3987 0 Published and distributed by: Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited Level 8, 1 Chifley Square Sydney NSW 2000 Tel: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 © Copyright 2016 Content Summary ........................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Keywords ......................................................................................................................................... -
Tropical and Subtropical Nuts Macadamia
Tropical and Subtropical Macadamia Nuts Macadamia integrifolia Macadamia SEE ARTICLE ON Family Proteaceae Two species cultivated for their nuts: CHRONICA Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche HORTICULTURAE v. 45, n. 2 Macadamia tetraphylla L. Johnson Both species native to the east coast of Australia, from rain forest-like climates 1 Macadamia integrifolia Commonly known as the Queensland nut or A favorite food of the Australian aborigines Australian nut First described by German botanist Baron integrifolia, from the Latin integer = whole, Ferdinand Jakob Heinrich Von Mueller and folia = leaf He named the species in honor of his friend John Macadam (1827-1865), Australian doctor and chemist M. integrifolia is more tropical in its Nuts were brought to Hawaii and California in requirements than M. tetraphylla the late 1880's Industry is based on the former Some of the original trees brought to Hawaii are still alive Small production in southern California is based on the latter The islands soil and weather conditions provided ideal growing conditions The largest macadamia plantings are on the Big Island, followed by Maui, Oahu and Kauai Only the Hawaiians developed nut culture, whereas the Californians used it as an ornamental Not considered an important crop until the 1950s Hawaii’s harvest of macadamia nuts brings in over 40 million pounds a year 2 Botany Medium sized, tropical Leaves are linear- evergreen tree, with obovate, 4-6" long, spreading, full sparsely dentate with sharp teeth, and thick; canopies, reaching -
Root Exudates of Banksia Species from Different Habitats – a Genus-Wide Comparison
Root exudates of Banksia species from different habitats – a genus-wide comparison Erik J. Veneklaas, Hans Lambers and Greg Cawthray School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia. Ph: +61 8 9380 3584 Fax: +61 8 9380 1108 e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The genus Banksia is a uniquely Australian plant group. Banksias dominate the physiognomy and ecology of several Australian plant communities. Flowers and fruits of several species are successful export products. The physiology of nutrient uptake is of great importance for this genus, particularly since the soils on which Banksias occur are extremely low in nutrients. All Banksias possess proteoid (cluster) roots that exude a range of carboxylates into the rhizosphere. Carboxylates act to enhance the availability of nutrients, particularly phosphorus, but the efficiency of different carboxylates varies with soil type. We examined the hypothesis that Banksia species with different soil preferences differ in the amount and composition of rhizosphere carboxylates. Our data show that, when grown in a standardised substrate, the 57 Banksia species studied, exude roughly similar carboxylates into their rhizosphere, predominantly citrate. We found no evidence for phylogenetically determined differences, or correlations with species’ soil preferences. This may indicate that the conditions in the topsoil and litter layer in all Banksia habitats are sufficiently similar for these carboxylates to be effective. Alternatively, species differences were not expressed in the single substrate that was used. Ongoing research explores the ability of Banksias to adjust exudation patterns to contrasting soils, and the impact on growth and nutrient uptake. Keywords Banksia – root exudates - carboxylates – rhizosphere – soils - phylogeny Introduction Roots of several native and cultivated species exude large amounts of carboxylates, particularly when growing in soils with low concentrations of available phosphorus. -
BEES and the POLLINATION of MACADAMIA Dr Helen Wallace University of the Sunshine Coast
TECHNICAL PAPERS….Page 71 BEES AND THE POLLINATION OF MACADAMIA Dr Helen Wallace University of the Sunshine Coast BACKGROUND self pollen clumps from the stigmas, and make contact with About 5 years ago I completed my Ph.D. at the approximately 30-40 stigmas (Wallace, unpublished data). University of Queensland on “Bees and the pollination of Each time they touch is a chance for pollination, although we macadamia”. This work has never been published in the don’t know just how many pollen grains they deposit on AMS bulletin as I immediately took up a position each visit. We also know that flowers that are bagged in the working on pollination of citrus and have since been day and unbagged at night do not set any nuts (Heard 1993), working on pollination for other horticultural industries. suggesting that whatever is pollinating macadamias only Given recent concern about pollination in macadamia works in the daytime. here is a summary of my work. The same study found that the more bee visits a flower WHY DO MACADAMIAS NEED BEES? receives, the higher the initial nut set. I am not saying that Most growers are aware of a large body of work on the wind pollination does not occur, but that all the evidence importance of cross pollination for high yields in suggests that if bees are present, they are much, much more macadamia (Trueman and Turnbull 1994, Wallace et al. effective pollinators than wind. If you think wind is the only 1996, McConchie et al. 1997). Some growers may not be thing pollinating in your orchard, you should consider aware of the importance of bees for pollination in introducing honeybees or Trigona bees. -
Macadamia Pollination
Jane M. Tavares*, Scott Nikaido, Maria Diaz-Lyke, Ethel Villalobos, and Mark Wright. The Impact of Honeybee Pollination on Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR). Macadamia (Proteceae) Nut Set University of Hawaii. Figure 1. Average nut set per raceme, 14 days Introduction post-anthesis. OP = 4.75. B Exc = 0.78 Results and Discussion • The amount of variation for both inflorescence length and number of flowers per inflorescence was rela- Macadamia integrifolia (Proteaceae) is an evergreen tree native to subtropical coastal regions of Australia 5 tively very small. Using a sample of 24 inflorescences we calculated the Coefficient of Variance (Cv) for inflo- (Heard 1993). It was brought to Hawaii in 1881 to be used as an ornamental and for reforestation. In 1948 rescence length and for the number of flowers per inflorescence, Cv = 0.171 and Cv= 0.140, respectively. Hawaii produced several varieties of Macadamia integrifolia which led to the successful macadamia nut in- 4.5 dustry Hawaii has developed into today (California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc., 1997). 4 • Because of the low variability expressed by the inflorescences in flower numbers we estimated nut set by counting the number of fruits/inflorescence. Macadamia trees produce large numbers of flowers that require insect visitation for adequate fruit set. The 3.5 local growers frequently supplemented the services provided by feral hives with large numbers of managed • There was a statistically significant difference in the average nut set between the open pollination group colonies of honeybees to increase nut yield. Since the arrival of Varroa destructor in Hawaii beekeepers have 3 and the bee exclusion group (Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test T=393, P<0.001, Fig.