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InternationalJournal of Relations GOVERNANCE OF OUR GLOBAL WORLD Pascal Lamy|Director-General, World Trade Organization Logan Finucan|The Rise of the French National Front Sam Gersten|Tribalism and Nationalism in Iraqi Kurdistan Jonathan Diamond|Embracing Borderlessness in Cyberspace Sally Profeta|The Chinese, American, and Sudanese Oil Triangle Maxine Zhang|Rightwing Nationalists in Japan and the Diaoyu/ Senkaku Islands Josh Kutz|Punishing Pariahs: The Efficacy of Economic Sanctions on Rogue States Nataliya Langburd|UN Security Council Expansion: An Uncertain Future for U.S. Influence Eliezer Peltz|Civil Society and Joint Israeli-Palestinian Peace Efforts: The Question of “Normalization” Samuel Maynard and Alexandria Todd|Chaos, Pure and Simple: Examining the Complexities of the 2001 Economic Crisis in Argentina Joseph Cloward|Luck of the Irish: Applying the Northern Ireland Peace Agreement to the Cases of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kashmir Stephen Christian|Ontological Security and the Responsibility to Protect: The United Kingdom and Rationalizing the 2011 Intervention in Libya Arielle Newman|Ethnicity, Regime Type, and Civil Conflict Leigh Sloane|Letter to the Reader: Applying to Professional Schools of International Affairs Sigma Iota Rho National Honor Society for International Studies Volume 15 | Spring 2013 4-Sigma Iota Rho-5x8-7.pdf 1 2/12/00 6:51 AM Since its founding in 1919, Georgetown University’s Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service in Washington, D.C. has devoted itself to educating the next generation of global leaders. The Master of Science iin Foreign Service (MSFS) is the longest-standing graduate program in the School. With an emphasis on creative leadership, ethics and service in the international arena, it prepares women and men from around the world for careers with impact in the public, private and non-profit sectors of international affairs. TThe MSFS Advantage ▪ Distinguished faculty of leading scholars “With fantastic faculty, C and practitioners students, curriculum and location, MSFS was the ▪ Diverse and dynamic community of students M ideal graduate program ▪ Small class sizes and personalized attention for me. It prepared me Y ▪ Unparalleled internship and career for my subsequent opportunities in Washington, D.C. government, inter- ▪ Network of more than 3,000 alumni nationaln organization CM around the world and NGO positions, and fostered friendships that MY One World. One SAIS. will last a lifetime.” Concentrations CY ▪ International Relations and Security Rob Boone, MSFS ’95 ▪ International Development Director, American Bar CMY Association Rule of Law ▪ International Commerce and Business IInitiative, Washington, DC ▪ Self Designed/Regional Studies K Prepare today to guide the world NNew Focus Areas ▪ Environment and Energy through tomorrow’s challenges. ▪ Global Institutions and Partnerships ▪ Social Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Certificate Programs To learn more about our master’s and doctoral ▪ Asian Studies ▪ Arab Studies programs, visit www.sais-jhu.edu/one-world. ▪ Russian, Eurasian & East European Studies ▪ International Business Diplomacy ▪ Refugee and Humanitarian Emergencies msfs.georgetown.edu [email protected] 202/687-5763 The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies Browse CFR’s Interactive Guides Timely Analysis, Historical Perspective, Expert Opinions An ideal resource for research and the classroom, CFR’s online interactive Journal of guides provide context on major international afairs issues through photos, videos, timelines, and maps. International Emmy Nominee 2009 Relations Global Governance Sigma Iota Rho Crisis Guide: Monitor: Slideshow: National Honor Society for Iran Transnational Crime Ecological Disasters International Studies Spring 2013 | Volume 15 Map: Interactives: Timeline: Vaccine-Preventable Nuclear Energy U.S. Relations Outbreaks Guide with China www.cfr.org/interactives Visit www.cfr.org/interactives to access CFR’s interactive guides. For more information on CFR resources, contact the Academic Initiative at 212.434.9674 or [email protected], or visit www.cfr.org/educators. Scan this code with your mobile device to access CFR.org’s interactives. v vi EXECUTIVE BOARD STAFF Editor-in-Chief COPY BUSINESS Jillian Rafferty Assistant Copy Editor Deputy Business Manager Deputy Editor Jasmine Azizi Kimberly Kohn Rebecca Curwin Associate Editors Associate Business Managers Copy Editor David Beizer Meklit Gebre-Mariam Jay Friedel Blake Harwood Abigail Richardson Joshua Spector Aidan Lambert Business Manager Oyinka Muraina Susan Yang Rutendo Chigora Sophie Woodward-Fisher Layout Editor Yena Hong ONLINE LAYOUT External Relations Manager Kimberly Kohn Assistant Copy Editor Assistant Layout Editors Michael-David Mangini BerBer Xue Online Editor Jacqueline Heinrich Arielle Klepach Associate Editors Sean Hamamoto SPECIAL THANKS TO: David Conboy Matthew Rubin Dr. Frank Plantan National President of Sigma Iota Rho Dr. James G. McGann Faculty Advisor of the Sigma Iota Rho Journal of International Relations The JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS is a non-profit publication produced by undergraduates at the University of Pennsylvania. All inquiries and comments should be Ms. Donna Shuler addressed to the Editor-in-Chief, 635 Williams Hall, 255 S. 36th Street, Philadelphia PA 19104. Administrative Director of Sigma Iota Rho All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or part without permission is prohibited. Copyright 2013, Journal of International Relations. Cover Design by Yena Hong “Fletcher’s global connections provided Celebrating the me with the skills, context and International Fellows confidence to monitor and evaluate conflict resolution and peace-building Program projects around the world.” –Vanessa Corlazzoli , MALD ‘11 Design, Monitoring & Evaluation Manager Search for Common Ground Vanessa Corlazzoli works in Washington, D.C., at Search for Common Ground, where she provides critical support to peace-building and confict resolution programs in more than 25 countries around the world. Before this appointment, Vanessa, who is originally from Uruguay and Canada, studied Human Security and Humanitarian Studies at The Fletcher School and earned a Masters of Arts in Law and Diplomacy in 2011. The Fletcher School’s collaborative, cross-disciplinary approach to international afairs, combined with a student body and faculty representing more than half of the world’s nations and 100 spoken languages, brings the most pressing issues to life in a truly global context. In addition to Fletcher’s dynamic global community on its campus just outside of Boston, the school provides myriad opportunities to study overseas, including dual degree programs and deep partnerships with Columbia’s School of International and leading institutions in emerging and established markets. Public Afairs, the world’s most global public Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy (MALD) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) policy school, has for half a century ofered Master of International Business (MIB) Master of Arts (MA) students a heightened understanding Global Master of Arts Program (GMAP) Executive Education of international change through its Master of Laws in International Law (LLM) Summer School International Fellows Program (IFP). sipa.columbia.edu Visit fetcher.tufts.edu or call 617.627.3040 430-8538_Design Only EMPA AD_DA_NJ_v1.0.indd 1 2/5/13 1:09 PM ix x LETTER FROM THE EDITOR LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT Dear Reader: Dear Reader, It is with great pride and profound gratitude that I present to you the fifteenth edition of the Mimicking President Obama’s recent State of the Union, I would like to declare that “The Sigma Iota Rho (SIR) Journal of International Relations. Building off of the impressive legacy state of Sigma Iota Rho is good.” In the past year, we added new chapters, announced new established over the Journal’s previous fourteen years of publication, I am thrilled to tell you that scholarships, presented the Faculty Advisor Award, and—with this year’s excellent Journal of this year’s edition is better than ever before. Our dramatically expanded pool of submissions International Relations—continued to make the case for the relevance and importance of the coupled with the tireless work of the Executive Board and staff allowed for the production of organization and its mission. the highest quality edition to date. This year has also seen an expansion and revitalization of our online platform, sirjouranl.org, regularly publishing op-ed pieces, book reviews, blog posts, One of the key contributing factors to our success is the continuing improvement, scope, and articles on a wide range of issues. and reach of the Journal and the quality of the research published herein. The quality of the student research in the Journal is such that I have been told of its use and citation by This year, the Journal is honored to feature Pascal Lamy, Director-General of the World Trade professionals and other faculty. It will now be posited in the Library of Congress. University Organization as our headliner. First appointed in 2005 and unanimously elected to second term chapters that would like their own library to maintain a complete set should let us know, as in 2009, Mr. Lamy has worked tirelessly to reduce barriers to trade in an effort to reduce poverty, we are in the process of calculating what it will take to reproduce back issues for this purpose. raise global standards of living, and promote development and economic growth worldwide. In his article, Mr. Lamy discusses the ongoing