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Certificate of the Guide Certificate of the Guide CERTIFIED that the work incorporated in the thesis “A Critical Study of ह�रनाममत핍याकरणृ with reference to भागवतसारोद्धार of �व�णुतीथ셍 ” submitted by Mr.Hanumant. Vishnutirth Adavi, was carried out by the candidate under my supervision/ guidance. Such material has been obtained from other sources has been duly acknowledged in the thesis. Date: (Supervisor/ Research Guide) Declaration by the Candidate I declare that the thesis entitled “A Critical Study of ह�रनाममत핍याकरणृ with reference to भागवतसारोद्धार of �व�णुतीथ셍 ” submitted by me for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is the record of work carried out by me during the period from 25- 4- 2013 to 15-6-2016 under the guidance of Dr (Smt) Shailaja. S. Katre, and has not formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship, titles in this or any other University or other institution of Higher learning. I further declare that the material obtained from other sources has been duly acknowledged in the thesis. Date : Signature of the Candidate A CRITICAL STUDY OF HARINĀMĀMŖTA VYĀKARAŅA WITH REFERENCE TO BHĀGAVATA SĀRODDHĀRA OF VIŞŅUTĪRTHA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY FOR AWARD OF DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) IN THE FACULTY OF ARTS, FINE ARTS, & PERFORMING ARTS SUBMITTED BY SHRI HANUMANT VISHNUTIRTH ADAVI UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF DR (MS.) SHAILAJA. S. KATRE DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT AND PRAKRIT LANGUAGES SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY PUNE-411007 JUNE 2016 Contents Page Nos Acknowledgement (i) Transliteration Scheme (ii-iii) List of Abbreviations (iv-v) Introduction 1-5 Chapter I Life Sketch of Jīva Gosvāmi 6-11 Chapter II The Place of Harināmāmŗta Vyākaraņa in the field of Sanskrit Grammar 12-19 Chapter III A brief survey of the literature on Sanskrit Grammar 20-35 Chapter IV (i) सं�ा-सिꅍध प्रकरणम ् 36-67 (ii) सुबꅍत प्रकरणम ् 68-82 (iii) आ奍यात (�तङꅍत) प्रकरणम ्(Conjugation of Verbs) 83-93 (iv) कारक फ्रकरणम ् 94-96 (v) कृ दꅍत प्रकरणम ् 97-99 (vi) समास प्रकरणम ् 100-103 (vii) त�द्धतप्रकरणम ् 104-106 Chapter V Introduction to the Bhāgavata Sāroddhāra 107-110 Chapter VI Application of Harināmāmŗta rules with reference to the Bhāgavata Sāroddhāra 111-242 Chapter VII Conclusion 243-247 Bibliography 248-253 (i) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am deeply grateful to my guide Dr. (Ms) Katre Madam, Head of the Sanskrit Dept., for the clear guidance given to me, who am a very senior citizen, for the preparation of this thesis. Under her guidance, the study of a difficult subject like grammar has been a real pleasant experience. Thanks are also due to the academic staff of the Sanskrit Dept. for their co- operation and support. Transliteration Scheme (ii) Vowels Devanāgarī Transcription Category अ a A आ ā Ā इ i I ई ī Ī उ u U monophthongs & syllabic liquids ऊ ū Ū ऋ ṛ Ṛ ॠ ṝ Ṝ ऌ ḷ Ḷ ॡ ḹ Ḹ ए e E diphthongs ऐ ai Ai ओ o O औ au Au अं ṃ Ṃ anusvara अः ḥ Ḥ visarga अऽ ' avagraha Consonants palatal retroflexe dental labial velars s s s s क च ट त प tenuis stops k K c C ṭ Ṭ t T p P ख फ छ ठ थ aspirated stop kh K ph P ch Ch ṭh Ṭh th Th s h h ग ज ड द ब voiced stops g G j J ḍ Ḍ d D b B घ ध भ झ ढ breathy- gh G dh D bh B jh Jh ḍh Ḍh voiced stops h h h ङ ञ ण न म nasal stops ṅ Ṅ ñ Ñ ṇ Ṇ n N m M ह य र ल व approximants h H y Y r R l L v V श ष स sibilants ś Ś ṣ Ṣ s S Grammatical Abbreviations The grammatical abbreviations are those found in Apte’s “The practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary”. H.N.V. = Harināmāmŗta Vyākaraņa A … Atmanepada adj. … Adjective abl. … Ablative acc. … Accusative adv. … Adverb caus. … Causal comp. … Comparative dat. Dative D. P. … Dhatupātha fem. … Feminine gen. … Genitive ind. … Indeclinable inf. … Infinitive instr. … Instrumental loc. … Locative masc. … Masculine neu. … Neuter nom. … Nominative P. … Parasmaipada Pā. … Pāņini pass. … Passive pers. … Person num. adj. … Numerical adjective pl. Plural pot. p. … Potential passive participle p.p. Past passive participle pres. … Present tense pres. p. … Present participle pron. adj…. Pronominal adjective sing. … Singular subs. Substantive U … Ubhayapada voc. … Vocative 4 P , 1 A, 3,U, etc., … Nos. before P, A, U refer to conjugation numbers A Study of ह�रनाममत핍याकरणृ with reference to भागवतसारोद्धार of �व�णुतीथ셍 Introduction The following verse which is an ‘abhiyuktokti’ ('a well reasoned saying'), with no attribution as to who first proposed this. This has been referred to as a 'saying' (i.e.,ukti), and its authorship is not known. अथा셍त ्त配配व�ानं त配配व�ानात ्परमश्रेयः ׀ 핍याकरणात ्पद�स�द्धः पद�सद्धेरथ셍�नण셍यो भव�त ।। Vyākaraṇāt padasiddhiḥ padasiddherarthanirṇayo bhavati | Arthāt tattvajñānaṃ tattvajñānāt parama śreyaḥ || From [the knowledge of] grammar one obtains words; from words, meaning; from meaning the knowledge of Brahman; and from that, the Ultimate Bliss. Grammar is the system of rules, implicit in a language governing the structural and functional relationships of the language including word components, phonology, morphology and syntax. Grammar is a science which tells us about the correctness of the words and segregates wrong words from right words. It is also called Shabdanush̄ asanā m which means “The inquiry into the word”. It is said that one has to study Vyākaraṇa, first to attain the eligibility for the study of other sciences. Vyākaraṇa occupies the prime place among the six Vedāṅgas viz., Sikṣā, Kalpa, Vyākaraṇa, Chandas, Nirukta, and Jyotiṣa. That is why it has been said that the Grammar is the face of the Vedas. मुखं 핍याकरणं तय (mukhaṃ Vyākaraṇaṃ tasya). Sanskrit is the language of Hinduism and the Vedas and is the classical literary language of India. 1 Without a knowledge of 핍याकरण वेदांग or 핍याकरण शात्र (Sanskrit Grammar) one cannot understand the वेदs. It is among the four linguistic skills taught for mastery of वेदs and the rites of य�. 핍याकरण is the most important वेदांग. So, a study of this वेदांग is necessary in the ancient Indian educational tradition. पा�ण�न's grammar has since become the most adopted standard classical grammar. प�ण�न has included all the rules of the earlier grammarians while compiling the rules of Sanskrit grammar. So, later on, पा�ण�न’s grammar became the main source of study. Many forms of grammar appeared subsequently, but they are mostly based on पा�ण�न’s structure. According to the various branches of the Vedas there are many grammar schools such as Aindra, Gālava, Śākalya, Śākațāyana, Sphoțāyana, etc., which are pre-Pāṇinian schools. Pāṇini has mentioned these grammars in his Aṣṭādhyāyī. Some so-called sectarian grammars were also created after पा�ण�न. ह�रनामामतृ - 핍याकरण is one of them. ह�रनामामतृ - 핍याकरण is the fundamental post-पा�णनीय वै�णव grammar written by जीव गोवामी (1511-1596). Paṇini is the authority of Sanskrit grammar, and J īva Gosvāmī has followed his standards. But because Pāṇini’s grammar is extremely concise, it required many commentaries of other geniuses to clarify any ambiguities.. Therefore, Jīva Gosvāmī gave special attention to clarity even at the expense of brevity in his ह�रनामामतृ – 핍याकरण. The ह�रनामामतृ - 핍याकरण (which means “the Grammar of the nectar of the names of ह�र), of Jīva Gosvāmī is a unique transcendental grammar, in which he has explained each and every Sanskrit word and syllable in relation to Krṣṇa and Krṣṇa bhakti. In this Sanskrit Grammar Jīva Gosvāmī composed about 3,192 सूत्रs divided into seven chapters. This division is similar to the division of the chapters in �सद्धाꅍतकौमुद� which is th a later work (17 century), written by Bhațțoji Dikṣita. These chapters or प्रकरणs of ह�रनामामतृ - 핍याकरण are on the following topics: 1. सं�ा - सिꅍध प्रकरणम ्- relates to euphonic combinations 2 . �व�णुपद-प्रकरणम ्- This chapter deals with declension of nouns. 3 . आ奍यात-प्रकरणम ् - This chapter deals with conjugation of verbal roots, commonly known as धातुs. 4 . कारक-प्रकरणम ्- This chapter deals with cases (nominative, etc.). 5. कृ दꅍत-प्रकरणम-् This chapter deals with suffixes (called primary suffixes) that turn verbs into nouns. 6. समास-प्रकरणम ् - This chapter deals with the various types of compound words. 7 . त�द्धत-प्रकरणम ् - Taddhita is a suffix (which is a secondary suffix) forming a noun from another noun or a noun formed via a suffix from another noun, a secondary or derivative noun . In addition, ह�रनामामतृ - 핍याकरण contains a valuable chapter on उणा�द प्रकरणम ् wherein is given a list of word-formations, the derivation of which is difficult owing to their form or meaning, such as aśva, go, puruṣa,etc. Shri Jīva Gosvāmī composed the rī rī Harināmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa for the welfare of those uninitiated in the scriptural texts.Ś . HeŚ starts this method of grammar with the verse beginning with कृ �णमुपा�सतुमय , as follows: कृ �णमुपा�सतुमय स्रज�मव नामाव�लं तनवै । 配व�रतं �वतरेदेषा त配सा�ह配या�दजामोदम ्।। “To worship Krṣṇa, (the infinitive ‘to worship’ is used, instead of the participle ‘for worshipping’), I string together in the form of a garland, a succession of His names.May it quickly spread the bliss produced by the literature about Him.” Śrı̄ Jīva Gosvāmī starts with these two words: कृ �णं उपा�सतुम.् To the root उपास ् he adds 1 the suffix तुम् from the कृ दꅍत chapter of Sanskrit grammar.
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